
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (January 261756 – December 51791) is considered one of the greatest composers of European classical music (especially, of the Classical music era). He composed an astonishingly large amount of chamber music, symphony, religious music, and operatic works as well as works for various solo instruments— most notably the Keyboard instrument. Although highly unappreciated during his lifetime, Mozart was admired by later composers and his works are frequently played today. ==Life== ===Family and early childhood years=== Mozart was born in Salzburg (city), which is now in modern-day Austria but at the time was the capital of a small independent Archbishopric within the Holy Roman Empire, to his father Leopold Mozart and his mother Anna Maria Pertl Mozart. He was baptism on the day after his birth at St. Rupert's Cathedral as ''Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart'' but his Mozart's name changed many times over the years. ===The years of travel=== Mozart's musical ability started to become apparent when he was a toddler. He was the son of Leopold Mozart, one of Europe's leading musical pedagogy, whose influential textbook ''Versuch einer gründlichen Violinschule'' ("Essay on the fundamentals of violin playing") was published in 1756, the same year as Mozart's birth. Mozart received intensive musical training from his father, including instruction in both the piano and violin. Musically, he developed very rapidly and began to compose his own works at the age of five. Leopold soon realized that he could earn a substantial income by showcasing his son as a ''Wunderkind'' in the courts of Europe. Mozart gained fame as a prodigy capable of playing blindfolded or with his hands behind his back, and for his ability to improvise wonderfully and at length on difficult passages he had never seen before. His older sister, Maria Anna \"Nannerl\" Mozart, nicknamed "Nannerl", was a talented pianist and often accompanied her brother on Leopold's tours. Mozart wrote a number of piano pieces, in particular Duet (music) and Duo (music), to play with her. On one occasion when Mozart became ill, Leopold expressed more concern over the loss of income than over his son's well-being. Constant travel and cold weather may have contributed to his subsequent illness later in life. During his formative years, Mozart completed several journeys throughout Europe, beginning with an exhibition in 1762 at the Court of the Elector of Bavaria in Munich, then in the same year at the Imperial Court in Vienna. A long concert tour soon followed (three and a half years), which took him with his father to the courts of Munich, Mannheim, Paris, London, The Hague, again to Paris, and back home via Zürich, Donaueschingen, and Munich. They went to Vienna again in late 1767 and remained there until December 1768. [[image:mozart.birth.500pix.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Mozart's birthplace at 9 Getreidegasse, Salzburg, Austria]] After one year spent in Salzburg, three trips to Italy followed: from December 1769 to March 1771, from August to December 1771, and from October 1772 to March 1773. During the first of these trips, Mozart met Giovanni Battista Martini in Bologna, and was accepted as a member of the famous ''Accademia Filarmonica''. A highlight of the Italian journey, which is now an almost legendary tale, occurred when he heard Gregorio Allegri's ''Miserere (Allegri)'' once in performance, then wrote it out in its entirety from memory, only returning a second time to correct minor errors. In September of 1777, accompanied only by his mother, Mozart began a tour of Europe that included Munich, Mannheim, and Paris, where his mother died. During his trips, Mozart met a great number of musicians and acquainted himself with the works of other great composers. He came to know the work of J.S. Bach and Handel; and he met Joseph Haydn, who declared to Leopold, "Before God and as an honest man I tell you that your son is the greatest composer known to me either in person or by name. He has taste and, what is more, the most profound knowledge of composition.". Even non-musicians caught Mozart's attention: he was so taken by the sound created by Benjamin Franklin's glass harmonica that he composed several pieces of music for it. ===Mozart in Vienna=== In 1781 Mozart visited Vienna in the company of his employer, the harsh Hieronymus Colloredo, and fell out with him. According to Mozart's own testimony, he was dismissed literally "with a kick in the seat of the pants." Despite this, Mozart chose to settle and develop his career in Vienna after its aristocracy began to take an interest in him. On August 4, 1782, he married Constanze Weber (also spelled "Costanze") against his father's wishes. He and Constanze had six children, of whom only two survived infancy. Neither of these two, Karl Thomas (1784–1858) or Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart (later a minor composer himself; 1791–1844), married or had children. 1782 was an auspicious year for Mozart's career; his opera The Abduction from the Seraglio was a great success, and he began a series of concerts at which he premiered his own piano concertos as conducting and soloist. As an adult, Mozart, influenced by the ideas of the eighteenth century The Age of Enlightenment, became a Freemason and worked fervently and successfully to convert his father before the latter's death in 1787. His last opera, ''The Magic Flute'', includes Masonic themes and allegory. He was in the same Masonic Lodge as Joseph Haydn. Mozart's life was fraught with financial difficulty and illness. Often, he received no payment for his work, and what sums he did receive were quickly consumed by his extravagant lifestyle. Mozart spent the year 1786 in Vienna in an apartment which may be visited today at Domgasse 5 behind St. Stephen's Cathedral; it was here that Mozart composed ''Le nozze di Figaro''. He then followed this up in 1787 with one of his greatest works, ''Don Giovanni''. ===Final illness and death=== Mozart's final illness and death are difficult scholarly topics, obscured by Romantic legends and replete with conflicting theories. Scholars disagree about the course of decline in Mozart's health – particularly at what point Mozart became aware of his impending death, and whether this awareness influenced his final works. The Romantic view holds that Mozart declined gradually, and that his outlook and compositions paralleled this decline. In opposition to this, some contemporary scholarship points out correspondence from Mozart's final year indicating that he was in good cheer, as well as evidence that Mozart's death was sudden and a shock to his family and friends. The actual cause of Mozart's death is also a matter of conjecture. His death record listed "hitziges Frieselfieber" ("severe miliary fever"), a description that does not suffice to identify the cause as it would be diagnosed in modern medicine. In fact, dozens of theories have been proposed, which include trichinosis, Mercury (element) poisoning, and rheumatic fever. The contemporary practice of bleeding medical patients is also cited as a contributing cause. Mozart died around 1 a.m. on December 5, 1791 while he was working on his final composition, the Requiem (Mozart) (unfinished when he died). According to popular legend, Mozart was penniless and forgotten when he died, and was buried in a pauper's grave. In fact, though he was no longer as fashionable in Vienna as he had once been, he continued to have a well-paid job at court and receive substantial commissions from more distant parts of Europe, Prague in particular. Many of his begging letters survive, but they are evidence not so much of poverty as of his habit of spending more than he earned. He was not buried in a "mass grave", but in a regular communal grave according to the 1783 laws. In 1809, Constanze married Denmark diplomat Georg Nikolaus von Nissen (1761–1826). Being a fanatic of Mozart, he edited vulgar passages out of many of the composer's letters and wrote a Mozart biography. ==Works, musical style, and innovations== Mozart was a prolific composer and wrote in many genres. Among his best works are his operas, piano concertos, symphonies, string quartets, and string quintets. Although most of these genres existed before, the piano concerto was almost single-handedly developed and popularized by Mozart. Mozart also wrote a great deal of music for solo piano, chamber music, and religious music including mass (music)es. He also composed many dances, divertimento, and other forms of light entertainment. ===Influence=== Many important composers since Mozart's time have worshipped or at least been in awe of Mozart. Rossini averred, "He is the only musician who had as much knowledge as genius, and as much genius as knowledge." Ludwig van Beethoven told his pupil Ferdinand Ries that he (Beethoven) would never be able to think of a melody as great as a certain one in the first movement of Mozart's Piano concerto No. 24 (Mozart). Beethoven also paid homage to Mozart by writing sets of theme_and_variations on several of his themes: for example, the two sets of variations for cello and piano on themes from Mozart's The Magic Flute, and cadenzas to several of Mozart's piano concertos, most notably the Piano concerto No. 20 (Mozart) K. 466. After the only meeting between the two composers, Mozart noted that Beethoven would "give the world something to talk about." As well, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky wrote his ''Mozartiana'' in praise of him; and Gustav Mahler died with the word "Mozart" on his lips. ===The Köchel catalog=== In the decades following Mozart's death there were several attempts to catalog his compositions, but it was not until 1862 that Ludwig von Köchel succeeded in this enterprise. Many of his famous works are referred to now by only their Köchel catalog number; for example, the Piano Concerto in A major is often referred to simply as "K. 488" or "KV 488". The catalogue has undergone six revisions since. ==Myths== Mozart is unusual among composers for being the subject of many legends and myths. An example is the story that Mozart composed his Requiem (Mozart) with the belief it was for himself. Some of these myths may be based in fact, but sorting out fabrications from real events is a vexing and continuous task for Mozart scholars. Dramatists and screenwriters, free from responsibilities of scholarship, have found excellent material among these legends. An especially popular case is the supposed rivalry between Mozart and Antonio Salieri, and, in some versions, the tale that it was poison received from the latter that provoked Mozart's death; this is the subject of Aleksandr Pushkin's play ''Mozart and Salieri'', Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov's opera ''Mozart et Salieri'', and Peter Shaffer's play ''Amadeus''. The last of these has been made into a feature-length film of the same name. Shaffer's play attracted criticism for portraying Mozart as vulgar and loutish, a characterization felt by many to be unfairly exaggerated. ''See also:'' [http://www.geocities.com/Vienna/Strasse/2915/amadeus.html An analysis of the 1984 film, ''Amadeus''] ==Media== == See also == * List of Austrians in music * List of Austrians * List of compositions by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart * Mozart's name * Mozartkugel, a sweet named in his honor. * Mozart effect, a disputed theory that certain kinds of music enhance performance on certain mental tasks; the researchers who coined the term used a Mozart piece in their first study. * ''Rock Me Amadeus'', a 1986 in music by Falco (musician) * History of music ==Further reading== * Aloys Greither: Wolfgang Amadé Mozart, Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH, 1962 * Robert W. Gutman: Mozart: A Cultural Biography, Random, 2001 ISBN 015100482X * H. C. Robbins Landon: 1791: Mozart's Last Year, Thames & Hudson, 1988 ISBN 0500281076 * Massimo Mila: Lettura delle Nozze di Figaro, Einaudi, 1979 ISBN 8806189379 * Stanley Sadie, ed.: Mozart and his Operas, St. Martin's, 2000 ISBN 031224410X * Maynard Solomon: Mozart: a life, Harper, 1996 ISBN 0060926929 * Hershel Jick: A Listener's Guide to Mozart's Music, Vantage, 1997 ISBN 0553123089 * Marcia Davenport: Mozart, The Chautauqua Press, 1932 * Mark A. Rayner: The Amadeus Net, ENC Press, 2005 ISBN 0975254014 == External links == *[http://web.telia.com/~u57013916/Edlinger%20Mozart.htm The last (and best) portrait of Mozart] A biometrical statistical confirmation that the recently identified painting by Edlinger from ca 1790 indeed shows Mozart *[http://www.gutenberg.org/catalog/world/authrec?fk_authors=1368 Autobiographical texts by Mozart] (including a collection of his letters), published by Project Gutenberg *[http://hebb.mit.edu/FreeMusic/MIT_Music/Mozart/ Free recordings of Vesperae de Dominica by the MIT choir] *[http://www.centrebouddhisteparis.org/En_Anglais/Sangharakshita_en_anglais/Mozart_and_pauses/mozart_and_pauses.html Mozart and pauses] *[http://www.mozartproject.org The Mozart Project] – the life, times and music of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart *[http://www.mutopiaproject.org/cgibin/make-table.cgi?Composer=MozartWA&preview=1 Mozart's Scores by Mutopia Project] *[http://w3.rz-berlin.mpg.de/cmp/mozart.html Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, from Classical Music Pages] *[http://www.pianopublicdomain.com Free Mozart piano sheet music in PDF format.] *[http://www.mozartforum.com Mozart Forum] Exploring the world of Classical-Era Music (1770-1827), encompassing the music, personalities and accomplishments of Mozart and his contemporaries. *[http://www.geocities.com/mozartkraus Mozart - Kraus] A page dedicated to W.A.Mozart (1756-1791) and J.M.Kraus (1756-1792), with a list of further links. Classical era composers Opera composers Austrian composers Viennese composers Freemasons Eponymous people Austrian pianists Classical pianists Roman Catholic Artists bs:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart hi:मोटज़ार्ट la:Wolfgangus Amadeus Mozart li:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart ms:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart nah:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart simple:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart th:โวล์ฟกัง อะมาเดอุส โมซาร์ท
''See /Archive 1 for earlier talk.'' ==Short intro?/Amadeus== I agree with User:Karmish, and would go a bit further: I think the intro section should be quite short. Various editors keep putting in rhapsodic passages saying how wonderful Mozart was--but this is obvious, no? Since readers come to the Wikipedia to learn facts, and might even be annoyed by "gushing", we should keep the intro short, simply mentioning briefly that a lot of people love Mozart's music. I also shortened the Amadeus discussion, on the view that discussion of this play/movie belongs in its own article, not the Mozart article. User:Opus33 15:55, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC) :I agree with these edits. The previous introduction was unencyclopedic. -- User:Viajero 16:06, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC) ::Viajero also lengthened the intro--but the material added is factual, not "gushing", so it's ok by me. User:Opus33 16:30, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC) :::Having just now read the intro for the first time in a while -- I think it's excellent, and just about the right length. User:Antandrus 16:41, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC) ==Inauthentic Portrait== I recognize from an article I've read that the portrait of Mozart in this article is not an authentic one. The seventh and tenth portraits featured on [http://www.edto.net/mozart_life.htm this] website would be suitable replacements. I'm not sure how urgent this is though... *Good point. The portrait in the article is disastrous. By far the best choice, however, seems to be the recently discovered [http://web.telia.com/~u57013916/Edlinger%20Mozart.htm last portrait of Mozart] by Edlinger from, presumably, 1790. Edlinger was one of the best portrait painters of his time, and his Mozart is indeed a masterpiece. I would prefer not to use the newly discovered one without including another portrait (i.e. the Bologna portrait or the unfinished one by his brother-in-law) because I've read that Mozart was being treated with mercury for his illness during the time that the newer portrait was done, and that could be the cause for his bloating. The newer portrait is suprisingly unflattering if you consider his age at the time (mid-thirties). --User:Berserk798 23:05, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC) *I cannot see any signs of illness or anything unflattering in the new portrait. Some newspaper articles saw the most ridiculous things into the picture. That's just gossip. But I agree that it should be presented with the "Bologna" portrait from 1777. The Lange portrait (by his brother-in-law) is highly idealized: straightened nose, enlarged eyes, diminished chin. Perhaps Konstanze liked it because of that. User:213.164.193.161 20:09, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC) I'm assuming that a 200+ year old painting would be public domain, but should I ask for permission before borrowing it from a website? --User:Berserk798 23:21, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC) *I think the old one was also very good, and was about Mozart... But this new looks very ugly, so I replaced it to the "original" in the hungarian Wikipedia. What do you mean by "was about Mozart"? The previous picture showed an imagined romantic view of Mozart. The painter never saw Mozart. Perhaps we can agree that most readers of an encyclopedia would like to see authentic portraits, not fabricated ones. User:213.164.193.161 20:41, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC) :If the Edlinger painting is of him, gentlemen, I believe that he looks more distinguished in it than in the Bolognese portrait. --User:Anglius 04:11, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC) == Request for references == Hi, I am working to encourage implementation of the goals of the Wikipedia:Verifiability policy. Part of that is to make sure articles Wikipedia:Cite sources. This is particularly important for featured articles, since they are a prominent part of Wikipedia. Further reading is not the same thing as proper references. Further reading could list works about the topic that were not ever consulted by the page authors. If some of the works listed in the further reading section were used to add or check material in the article, please list them in a references section instead. The Wikipedia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check has more information. Thank you, and please [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=User_talk:Taxman&action=edit§ion=new leave me a message] when you have added a few references to the article. - User:Taxman 17:18, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC) ==Mozart's name being re-merged into the main article== I noticed that the material from the Mozart's name article has been merged back into the main article, and I feel this is a bad idea. It is off-putting for a reader, coming to this article and wanting to read about Mozart, to be immediately bogged down in a mass of detail on the meaning of Mozart's name and the various changes it underwent during his life. As is true in the other articles on major composers, we have spun off excessive detail into satellite articles (see Ludwig van Beethoven, Beethoven: life and work, Beethoven's musical style and innovations for some other examples). If we merge this detail back into the main articles they become long and rather unwieldy. I'm open to other opinions. User:Antandrus 23:44, 9 May 2005 (UTC) :Yea, I undid, the placement of all of Mozart's name in the Mozart article, until a descision has been made whether or not to delete it. User:Rmrfstar 01:27, 11 May 2005 (UTC)
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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (January 261756 – December 51791) is considered one of the greatest composers of European classical music (especially, of the Classical music era). He composed an astonishingly large amount of chamber music, symphony, religious music, and operatic works as well as works for various solo instruments— most notably the Keyboard instrument. Although highly unappreciated during his lifetime, Mozart was admired by later composers and his works are frequently played today. ==Life== ===Family and early childhood years=== Mozart was born in Salzburg (city), which is now in modern-day Austria but at the time was the capital of a small independent Archbishopric within the Holy Roman Empire, to his father Leopold Mozart and his mother Anna Maria Pertl Mozart. He was baptism on the day after his birth at St. Rupert's Cathedral as ''Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart'' but his Mozart's name changed many times over the years. ===The years of travel=== Mozart's musical ability started to become apparent when he was a toddler. He was the son of Leopold Mozart, one of Europe's leading musical pedagogy, whose influential textbook ''Versuch einer gründlichen Violinschule'' ("Essay on the fundamentals of violin playing") was published in 1756, the same year as Mozart's birth. Mozart received intensive musical training from his father, including instruction in both the piano and violin. Musically, he developed very rapidly and began to compose his own works at the age of five. Leopold soon realized that he could earn a substantial income by showcasing his son as a ''Wunderkind'' in the courts of Europe. Mozart gained fame as a prodigy capable of playing blindfolded or with his hands behind his back, and for his ability to improvise wonderfully and at length on difficult passages he had never seen before. His older sister, Maria Anna \"Nannerl\" Mozart, nicknamed "Nannerl", was a talented pianist and often accompanied her brother on Leopold's tours. Mozart wrote a number of piano pieces, in particular Duet (music) and Duo (music), to play with her. On one occasion when Mozart became ill, Leopold expressed more concern over the loss of income than over his son's well-being. Constant travel and cold weather may have contributed to his subsequent illness later in life. During his formative years, Mozart completed several journeys throughout Europe, beginning with an exhibition in 1762 at the Court of the Elector of Bavaria in Munich, then in the same year at the Imperial Court in Vienna. A long concert tour soon followed (three and a half years), which took him with his father to the courts of Munich, Mannheim, Paris, London, The Hague, again to Paris, and back home via Zürich, Donaueschingen, and Munich. They went to Vienna again in late 1767 and remained there until December 1768. [[image:mozart.birth.500pix.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Mozart's birthplace at 9 Getreidegasse, Salzburg, Austria]] After one year spent in Salzburg, three trips to Italy followed: from December 1769 to March 1771, from August to December 1771, and from October 1772 to March 1773. During the first of these trips, Mozart met Giovanni Battista Martini in Bologna, and was accepted as a member of the famous ''Accademia Filarmonica''. A highlight of the Italian journey, which is now an almost legendary tale, occurred when he heard Gregorio Allegri's ''Miserere (Allegri)'' once in performance, then wrote it out in its entirety from memory, only returning a second time to correct minor errors. In September of 1777, accompanied only by his mother, Mozart began a tour of Europe that included Munich, Mannheim, and Paris, where his mother died. During his trips, Mozart met a great number of musicians and acquainted himself with the works of other great composers. He came to know the work of J.S. Bach and Handel; and he met Joseph Haydn, who declared to Leopold, "Before God and as an honest man I tell you that your son is the greatest composer known to me either in person or by name. He has taste and, what is more, the most profound knowledge of composition.". Even non-musicians caught Mozart's attention: he was so taken by the sound created by Benjamin Franklin's glass harmonica that he composed several pieces of music for it. ===Mozart in Vienna=== In 1781 Mozart visited Vienna in the company of his employer, the harsh Hieronymus Colloredo, and fell out with him. According to Mozart's own testimony, he was dismissed literally "with a kick in the seat of the pants." Despite this, Mozart chose to settle and develop his career in Vienna after its aristocracy began to take an interest in him. On August 4, 1782, he married Constanze Weber (also spelled "Costanze") against his father's wishes. He and Constanze had six children, of whom only two survived infancy. Neither of these two, Karl Thomas (1784–1858) or Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart (later a minor composer himself; 1791–1844), married or had children. 1782 was an auspicious year for Mozart's career; his opera The Abduction from the Seraglio was a great success, and he began a series of concerts at which he premiered his own piano concertos as conducting and soloist. As an adult, Mozart, influenced by the ideas of the eighteenth century The Age of Enlightenment, became a Freemason and worked fervently and successfully to convert his father before the latter's death in 1787. His last opera, ''The Magic Flute'', includes Masonic themes and allegory. He was in the same Masonic Lodge as Joseph Haydn. Mozart's life was fraught with financial difficulty and illness. Often, he received no payment for his work, and what sums he did receive were quickly consumed by his extravagant lifestyle. Mozart spent the year 1786 in Vienna in an apartment which may be visited today at Domgasse 5 behind St. Stephen's Cathedral; it was here that Mozart composed ''Le nozze di Figaro''. He then followed this up in 1787 with one of his greatest works, ''Don Giovanni''. ===Final illness and death=== Mozart's final illness and death are difficult scholarly topics, obscured by Romantic legends and replete with conflicting theories. Scholars disagree about the course of decline in Mozart's health – particularly at what point Mozart became aware of his impending death, and whether this awareness influenced his final works. The Romantic view holds that Mozart declined gradually, and that his outlook and compositions paralleled this decline. In opposition to this, some contemporary scholarship points out correspondence from Mozart's final year indicating that he was in good cheer, as well as evidence that Mozart's death was sudden and a shock to his family and friends. The actual cause of Mozart's death is also a matter of conjecture. His death record listed "hitziges Frieselfieber" ("severe miliary fever"), a description that does not suffice to identify the cause as it would be diagnosed in modern medicine. In fact, dozens of theories have been proposed, which include trichinosis, Mercury (element) poisoning, and rheumatic fever. The contemporary practice of bleeding medical patients is also cited as a contributing cause. Mozart died around 1 a.m. on December 5, 1791 while he was working on his final composition, the Requiem (Mozart) (unfinished when he died). According to popular legend, Mozart was penniless and forgotten when he died, and was buried in a pauper's grave. In fact, though he was no longer as fashionable in Vienna as he had once been, he continued to have a well-paid job at court and receive substantial commissions from more distant parts of Europe, Prague in particular. Many of his begging letters survive, but they are evidence not so much of poverty as of his habit of spending more than he earned. He was not buried in a "mass grave", but in a regular communal grave according to the 1783 laws. In 1809, Constanze married Denmark diplomat Georg Nikolaus von Nissen (1761–1826). Being a fanatic of Mozart, he edited vulgar passages out of many of the composer's letters and wrote a Mozart biography. ==Works, musical style, and innovations== Mozart was a prolific composer and wrote in many genres. Among his best works are his operas, piano concertos, symphonies, string quartets, and string quintets. Although most of these genres existed before, the piano concerto was almost single-handedly developed and popularized by Mozart. Mozart also wrote a great deal of music for solo piano, chamber music, and religious music including mass (music)es. He also composed many dances, divertimento, and other forms of light entertainment. ===Influence=== Many important composers since Mozart's time have worshipped or at least been in awe of Mozart. Rossini averred, "He is the only musician who had as much knowledge as genius, and as much genius as knowledge." Ludwig van Beethoven told his pupil Ferdinand Ries that he (Beethoven) would never be able to think of a melody as great as a certain one in the first movement of Mozart's Piano concerto No. 24 (Mozart). Beethoven also paid homage to Mozart by writing sets of theme_and_variations on several of his themes: for example, the two sets of variations for cello and piano on themes from Mozart's The Magic Flute, and cadenzas to several of Mozart's piano concertos, most notably the Piano concerto No. 20 (Mozart) K. 466. After the only meeting between the two composers, Mozart noted that Beethoven would "give the world something to talk about." As well, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky wrote his ''Mozartiana'' in praise of him; and Gustav Mahler died with the word "Mozart" on his lips. ===The Köchel catalog=== In the decades following Mozart's death there were several attempts to catalog his compositions, but it was not until 1862 that Ludwig von Köchel succeeded in this enterprise. Many of his famous works are referred to now by only their Köchel catalog number; for example, the Piano Concerto in A major is often referred to simply as "K. 488" or "KV 488". The catalogue has undergone six revisions since. ==Myths== Mozart is unusual among composers for being the subject of many legends and myths. An example is the story that Mozart composed his Requiem (Mozart) with the belief it was for himself. Some of these myths may be based in fact, but sorting out fabrications from real events is a vexing and continuous task for Mozart scholars. Dramatists and screenwriters, free from responsibilities of scholarship, have found excellent material among these legends. An especially popular case is the supposed rivalry between Mozart and Antonio Salieri, and, in some versions, the tale that it was poison received from the latter that provoked Mozart's death; this is the subject of Aleksandr Pushkin's play ''Mozart and Salieri'', Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov's opera ''Mozart et Salieri'', and Peter Shaffer's play ''Amadeus''. The last of these has been made into a feature-length film of the same name. Shaffer's play attracted criticism for portraying Mozart as vulgar and loutish, a characterization felt by many to be unfairly exaggerated. ''See also:'' [http://www.geocities.com/Vienna/Strasse/2915/amadeus.html An analysis of the 1984 film, ''Amadeus''] ==Media== == See also == * List of Austrians in music * List of Austrians * List of compositions by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart * Mozart's name * Mozartkugel, a sweet named in his honor. * Mozart effect, a disputed theory that certain kinds of music enhance performance on certain mental tasks; the researchers who coined the term used a Mozart piece in their first study. * ''Rock Me Amadeus'', a 1986 in music by Falco (musician) * History of music ==Further reading== * Aloys Greither: Wolfgang Amadé Mozart, Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH, 1962 * Robert W. Gutman: Mozart: A Cultural Biography, Random, 2001 ISBN 015100482X * H. C. Robbins Landon: 1791: Mozart's Last Year, Thames & Hudson, 1988 ISBN 0500281076 * Massimo Mila: Lettura delle Nozze di Figaro, Einaudi, 1979 ISBN 8806189379 * Stanley Sadie, ed.: Mozart and his Operas, St. Martin's, 2000 ISBN 031224410X * Maynard Solomon: Mozart: a life, Harper, 1996 ISBN 0060926929 * Hershel Jick: A Listener's Guide to Mozart's Music, Vantage, 1997 ISBN 0553123089 * Marcia Davenport: Mozart, The Chautauqua Press, 1932 * Mark A. Rayner: The Amadeus Net, ENC Press, 2005 ISBN 0975254014 == External links == *[http://web.telia.com/~u57013916/Edlinger%20Mozart.htm The last (and best) portrait of Mozart] A biometrical statistical confirmation that the recently identified painting by Edlinger from ca 1790 indeed shows Mozart *[http://www.gutenberg.org/catalog/world/authrec?fk_authors=1368 Autobiographical texts by Mozart] (including a collection of his letters), published by Project Gutenberg *[http://hebb.mit.edu/FreeMusic/MIT_Music/Mozart/ Free recordings of Vesperae de Dominica by the MIT choir] *[http://www.centrebouddhisteparis.org/En_Anglais/Sangharakshita_en_anglais/Mozart_and_pauses/mozart_and_pauses.html Mozart and pauses] *[http://www.mozartproject.org The Mozart Project] – the life, times and music of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart *[http://www.mutopiaproject.org/cgibin/make-table.cgi?Composer=MozartWA&preview=1 Mozart's Scores by Mutopia Project] *[http://w3.rz-berlin.mpg.de/cmp/mozart.html Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, from Classical Music Pages] *[http://www.pianopublicdomain.com Free Mozart piano sheet music in PDF format.] *[http://www.mozartforum.com Mozart Forum] Exploring the world of Classical-Era Music (1770-1827), encompassing the music, personalities and accomplishments of Mozart and his contemporaries. *[http://www.geocities.com/mozartkraus Mozart - Kraus] A page dedicated to W.A.Mozart (1756-1791) and J.M.Kraus (1756-1792), with a list of further links. Classical era composers Opera composers Austrian composers Viennese composers Freemasons Eponymous people Austrian pianists Classical pianists Roman Catholic Artists bs:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart hi:मोटज़ार्ट la:Wolfgangus Amadeus Mozart li:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart ms:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart nah:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart simple:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart th:โวล์ฟกัง อะมาเดอุส โมซาร์ท
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
''See /Archive 1 for earlier talk.'' ==Short intro?/Amadeus== I agree with User:Karmish, and would go a bit further: I think the intro section should be quite short. Various editors keep putting in rhapsodic passages saying how wonderful Mozart was--but this is obvious, no? Since readers come to the Wikipedia to learn facts, and might even be annoyed by "gushing", we should keep the intro short, simply mentioning briefly that a lot of people love Mozart's music. I also shortened the Amadeus discussion, on the view that discussion of this play/movie belongs in its own article, not the Mozart article. User:Opus33 15:55, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC) :I agree with these edits. The previous introduction was unencyclopedic. -- User:Viajero 16:06, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC) ::Viajero also lengthened the intro--but the material added is factual, not "gushing", so it's ok by me. User:Opus33 16:30, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC) :::Having just now read the intro for the first time in a while -- I think it's excellent, and just about the right length. User:Antandrus 16:41, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC) ==Inauthentic Portrait== I recognize from an article I've read that the portrait of Mozart in this article is not an authentic one. The seventh and tenth portraits featured on [http://www.edto.net/mozart_life.htm this] website would be suitable replacements. I'm not sure how urgent this is though... *Good point. The portrait in the article is disastrous. By far the best choice, however, seems to be the recently discovered [http://web.telia.com/~u57013916/Edlinger%20Mozart.htm last portrait of Mozart] by Edlinger from, presumably, 1790. Edlinger was one of the best portrait painters of his time, and his Mozart is indeed a masterpiece. I would prefer not to use the newly discovered one without including another portrait (i.e. the Bologna portrait or the unfinished one by his brother-in-law) because I've read that Mozart was being treated with mercury for his illness during the time that the newer portrait was done, and that could be the cause for his bloating. The newer portrait is suprisingly unflattering if you consider his age at the time (mid-thirties). --User:Berserk798 23:05, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC) *I cannot see any signs of illness or anything unflattering in the new portrait. Some newspaper articles saw the most ridiculous things into the picture. That's just gossip. But I agree that it should be presented with the "Bologna" portrait from 1777. The Lange portrait (by his brother-in-law) is highly idealized: straightened nose, enlarged eyes, diminished chin. Perhaps Konstanze liked it because of that. User:213.164.193.161 20:09, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC) I'm assuming that a 200+ year old painting would be public domain, but should I ask for permission before borrowing it from a website? --User:Berserk798 23:21, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC) *I think the old one was also very good, and was about Mozart... But this new looks very ugly, so I replaced it to the "original" in the hungarian Wikipedia. What do you mean by "was about Mozart"? The previous picture showed an imagined romantic view of Mozart. The painter never saw Mozart. Perhaps we can agree that most readers of an encyclopedia would like to see authentic portraits, not fabricated ones. User:213.164.193.161 20:41, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC) :If the Edlinger painting is of him, gentlemen, I believe that he looks more distinguished in it than in the Bolognese portrait. --User:Anglius 04:11, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC) == Request for references == Hi, I am working to encourage implementation of the goals of the Wikipedia:Verifiability policy. Part of that is to make sure articles Wikipedia:Cite sources. This is particularly important for featured articles, since they are a prominent part of Wikipedia. Further reading is not the same thing as proper references. Further reading could list works about the topic that were not ever consulted by the page authors. If some of the works listed in the further reading section were used to add or check material in the article, please list them in a references section instead. The Wikipedia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check has more information. Thank you, and please [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=User_talk:Taxman&action=edit§ion=new leave me a message] when you have added a few references to the article. - User:Taxman 17:18, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC) ==Mozart's name being re-merged into the main article== I noticed that the material from the Mozart's name article has been merged back into the main article, and I feel this is a bad idea. It is off-putting for a reader, coming to this article and wanting to read about Mozart, to be immediately bogged down in a mass of detail on the meaning of Mozart's name and the various changes it underwent during his life. As is true in the other articles on major composers, we have spun off excessive detail into satellite articles (see Ludwig van Beethoven, Beethoven: life and work, Beethoven's musical style and innovations for some other examples). If we merge this detail back into the main articles they become long and rather unwieldy. I'm open to other opinions. User:Antandrus 23:44, 9 May 2005 (UTC) :Yea, I undid, the placement of all of Mozart's name in the Mozart article, until a descision has been made whether or not to delete it. User:Rmrfstar 01:27, 11 May 2005 (UTC)
Wolfgang amadeus mozart
#REDIRECT Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
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