WINE

#REDIRECT Wine (software)

WINE

#REDIRECT Talk:Wine (software)

Wine

:''This article is about the beverage. See Wine (software) for an article about the software of the same name.'' Wine is an alcoholic beverage resulting from the fermentation of grapes or grape juice. The word comes from the Latin ''vinum'' (related to Greek language ''οἶνος'') - referring to both "wine" and the "vine". Wine-like beverages can also be made from other fruit wines s or from flowers or grains. In this sense the word ''wine'' is used with a qualifier, for example, elderberry wine. The word ''wine'' by itself always means ''grape wine''. This terminology is often defined by law. The remainder of this article discusses grape wine. For non-grape wines, see country wine. Wine is of particular interest for several reasons. It is a popular and important beverage that accompanies and enhances a wide range of Cuisine of Europe and Mediterranean diet style cuisines, from the simple and traditional to the most sophisticated and complex. As an agricultural product it reflects, more than any other, the variety of the land, the local yeast cultures and the climate and conditions under which grapes are grown, the so-called "''terroir''". As a result, wine is a very varied and, year-on-year, variable product - perhaps more so than any other. The fermentation process itself and improvements attained with proper aging, sometimes for several decades or more, will further increase variation. However, variety is not in itself a sought-after quality for large producers of table wine or more affordable wines. For large and modern factory wines and mass market wine brands, consistency is more important than distinction and their producers try to hide any hint of often unremarkable "''terroirs''" or climatically underperforming harvest years by blending harvests of various years and vineyard, pasteurizing the grape juice in order to kill indigenous yeast (after which "choice" cultivated yeasts are reinserted), using flavor additives and so on. Wine is also used in religious ceremonies in many cultures and the wine trade is of historical importance for many regions. ==Wine names== Wines are either named by their grape variety or by their place of production. In general, wines from Australia, the United States and Germany are named by their grape variety, wines from France, Spain and Italy are named by their place of production. ==Wine grape varieties== Wine is usually made from one or more Variety (biology) of the European grape species ''Vitis vinifera''. When one of these varieties, such as Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, or Zinfandel, for example, is used as the predominant grape (usually defined by law as a minimum of 75 or 85 %) the result is a varietal as opposed to a blended wine. Blended wines are in no way inferior to varietal wines and indeed some of the world's most valued and expensive wines from the Bordeaux, Rioja or Tuscany regions, are a blend of several grape varieties of the same vintage. Wine can also be made from ''Vitis labrusca'' or from other species or from hybrids of two species. ''Vitis labrusca'', ''Vitis aestivalis'', ''Vitis rupestris'', ''Vitis rotundifolia'' and ''Vitis riparia'' are native North American grapes usually used for eating or grape juice but sometimes for wine, like Concord grape wine. Hybrids of ''vinifera'' with other species were originally developed to combine American hardiness and resistance to phylloxera with European flavor. Although only rarely used and generally illegal in traditional wine regions, hybrids are planted in substantial numbers in cool-climate viticultural areas. See also: List of grape varieties ==Wine-producing regions== [[Image:Vineyard zell germany.JPG|thumb|right|233px|Steep rock slope, Moselle River]] Wine grapes almost exclusively grow between the 30th and the 50th degree north and between the 30th and 40th degree south. The world's most southerly vineyards are in the South Island of New Zealand near the 45th parallel. In 2002, the largest producers of wine in the world were France, Italy, Spain, the United States, Australia, Argentina, Germany, South Africa, Portugal, Chile, Greece, Romania, and Hungary. In 2003 the leaders in export volume by market share were: France,22%; Italy,20%; Spain,17%; Australia,8%; Chile,6%; USA,5%; Portugal,4%; Germany,4%. See also: List of wine-producing regions ==Regional wine names== The taste of a wine depends not only on the grape species and varietal blend but also on the ground and climate (known as terroir) where it is cultivated. Historically, wines have been known by names reflecting their origin, and sometimes style: Bordeaux, Rioja, Mosel-Saar-Ruwer and Chianti are all legally defined names, reflecting the traditional wines produced in the named region. These "Appellation d'Origine Contr�l�e" (as they are known in French language) dictate not only where the grapes in a wine were grown, but also which grapes went into the wine and how they were vinified. The appellation system is strongest in the European Union, but a related system, the American Viticultural Area, restricts the use of certain regional labels in America, such as Napa County, California and Willamette Valley. The AVA designations do not restrict the type of grape used. New World wines are known primarily by their varietal content and not by their region. These historical designations can be confusing. For example, in most of the world wine labeled ''Champagne (beverage)'' must be made from grapes grown and fermented in the Champagne region of France with a certain method, based on the international trademark agreements included in the Treaty of Versailles 1918, but the United States (except Oregon) complicates this system by allowing the use of some European appellations as generic wine names: * Bordeaux * Burgundy * Chablis * Champagne (beverage) * Chianti * Asti All of these are names of specific regions in Europe. While most countries protect these place names, the United States created a legal loophole called semi-generic to enable US winemakers to use these terms on their wines eventhough the product does not come from these specific places. This confusing naming practice is being protested by Europeans and may eventually become prohibited. These names are only used for cheap, mass-produced wines (or vin ordinaire). Makers of American fine wines avoid these terms out of respect for their European counterparts. Thus, the finest sparkling wines from California will be labeled "sparkling wine"; cheaply-made sparkling wine from California more often bear the name "Champagne". Some blended wines are marketing terms, and use of the name is governed by trademark or copyright law rather than a specific wine law or a patent on the actual varietal blend or process used to achieve it. * Meritage is generally a Bordeaux-style blend of Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot, and may also include Cabernet Franc, Petit Verdot, and Malbec. ==Vintage and style== Wines may be classified by year of the grape harvest (vintage). ''Vintage'' wines are generally made from grapes of a single year's harvest, and are dated as such. These wines often improve in flavor as they age and wine enthusiasts will occasionally save bottles of a favorite vintage wine to enjoy in a few years' time. For most types of wine, the best-quality grapes and the most care in wine making are employed on vintage wines - thus, they are generally more expensive than non-vintage varieties. Whilst a vintage wine is generally made in a single batch and thus each bottle of a particular vintage will have a similar taste, climatic factors can have a dramatic impact on the character of a wine to the extent that different vintages from the same vineyard can vary dramatically in flavor and quality. Superior vintages from reputable producers and regions, will often fetch much higher prices than their average vintages. Some vintage wines are only made in better-than-average years. Conversely, wines such as White Zinfandels, which don't age well, are made to be drunk immediately and are not labeled with a vintage year. There are exceptions though - French Champagne is typically non-vintage, but may not be "cheap" and can sometimes profit from aging. Wines may also be classified by vinification methods. These include classifications such as sparkling, still, fortified, rosé, and blush. The colour of wine is not determined by the juice of the grape, which is almost always clear, but rather it is determined by the presence or absence of the grape skin during fermentation. Grapes with colored juice are known as teinturiers. Red wine is made from red (or black) grapes, but its red colour is bestowed by the skin being left in contact with the juice during fermentation. White wine can be made from any colour of grape as the skin is separated from the juice during fermentation. A white wine made from a very dark grape may appear pink or 'Blush wine'. Rosé wines are a compromise between reds and whites -- the skin of red grapes is left in for a short time during fermentation. Sparkling wine such as Champagne (beverage) are those with carbon dioxide, either from fermentation or added later. They vary from just a slight bubbliness to the classic Champagne. Wines that gain their carbonation from the traditional method of bottle fermentation are called ''M�thode Traditionnelle'' wines in France. Other international denominations of sparkling wine include Sekt or Schaumwein (Germany), Cava (Spain), Spumante or Prosecco (Italy). ''Fortified wines'' are often sweeter, always more alcoholic wines that have had their fermentation process stopped by the addition of a alcoholic beverage such as brandy: * Marsala wine * Madeira wine * Sherry * Port Wine Brandy is a distillation wine. Grappa is distilled from pomace (also called ''marc''), the pieces of grapes (including the stems and seeds) that were pressed for the winemaking process. Wines may be also classified by their primary impression on the drinker's palate. Wines may be described as dry, off-dry, fruity, or sweet, for example. The sweetness of wines can be measured in brix, at harvest, but is in actuality is determined by the amount of residual sugar in the wine after fermentation, i.e. dry wine has no residual sugar. Specific flavors such as cherry, vanilla (usually from vinification in new oak aging barrels), new-mown grass, brine, raisin and dozens of others may also be sensed, at least by an experienced taster, due to the highly complex mix of organic molecules such as Ester that a fully vinted wine contains. ==Most popular examples== {| |valign| Red wines * Barolo - Italy * Beaujolais - France * Bordeaux - France * Burgundy - France * Cabernet Sauvignon - France, California, Australia * Carmenere - Chile * Chianti - Italy * Merlot - France, California, Washington, Chile * Pinot Noir - France, California, Oregon * Valpolicella - Italy * Zinfandel - California |valign| White wines * Chardonnay - France, California, Australia * Chablis - France * Frascati - Italy * Gewurztraminer - France (Alsace), Germany * Liebfraumilch - Germany * Pinot Gris - France, Italy, Oregon * Pouilly-Fuisse - France * Riesling - France (Alsace), Germany * Sauvignon Blanc - France, California, New Zealand, South Africa * Soave - Italy |valign| Sparkling wines * Champagne - France * Cava - Spain * Proseco - Italy * Sekt - Germany * US (usually identified by an AVA such as Green Valley, Anderson Valley, etc.) Sparkling wine -- California, Oregon, Washington State, New Mexico |} ==Collectible wines== At the highest end, rare, super-premium wines are amongst the most expensive of all foodstuffs, and outstanding vintages from the best vineyards may sell for thousands of dollars per bottle. Red wines, at least partly because of their greater shelf life, are typically the most expensive. Such wines are often at their best years or sometimes decades after bottling. On the other hand, they may turn into vinegar, and before opening the bottle there may be no way of knowing this. Part of the expense associated with high-end wine comes from the number of bottles which must be discarded in order to produce a drinkable wine. Restaurants will often charge between two to five times the price of what a wine merchant may ask for an exceptional vintage. This is for a reason: diners will often return wines that have gone foul and not bear the expense. For restaurateurs, serving old vintages is a risk that is compensated through elevated prices. Some high-end wines are Veblen goods. Many exclusive wines come from France and Italy, but List_of_wine_producing_regions also have some world-class wines in both quality and price. Secondary markets for these wines have consequently developed, as well as specialised facilities for post-purchase storage for people to "invest" in wine. The most common wines purchased for investment are Bordeaux and Port wine. Many wine writers have decried the trend, as it has pushed up prices to the point that few people will consider drinking such valuable commodities, and consequently they are kept in bottles undrunk where they eventually deteriorate into a substance very much like red wine vinegar in taste (and desirability). Also investment in fine wine has attracted a number of fraudsters who have played on fine wine's exclusive image and their clients' ignorance of this sector of the wine market. Typically the scams work by charging excessively high prices on the wine while representing that it is a sound investment unaffected by economic cycles. Like any investment proper research is essential before deciding to invest. ==History== [[image:Mei.jpg|thumb|right|Wine is historically entwined with many cultures around the world. In Iran (Persia) for example, ''mei'' (the Persian wine) has been a central theme of their poetry for more than a thousand years although alcohol is strictly forbidden in Islam.]] As of 2005 the earliest known evidence of a fermented wine-like drink is from the Republic of China village of Jiahu dated from 8000 to 9000 years ago (6000 to 7000 B.C.) [http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/101/51/17593]. The millet or rice wine was discovered by chemically analyzing traces from 16 buried jars. The wine was found to contain rice, beeswax (from honey) and either hawthorn or grape. A 3000 year old bronze jar was unearthed still containing a similar liquid wine. Chemical tests of ancient pottery jars reveal that wine was (like beer) produced about 7000 years ago in what is today Iran, and is one of the first known biological engineering tasks, where the biological process of fermentation is used in a process. The early evidence of wine dates to 5400 B.C., from Hajji Firuz Tepe in the Zagros Mountains of present-day Iran, near the city of Urmia.[http://www.museum.upenn.edu/new/research/Exp_Rese_Disc/NearEast/wine.shtml] It is also believed that the name of the Shiraz grape originates from the Persian town of the same name. This discovery is particularly significant, as this area was not a grape growing one, the main crops were grains and the preferred drink of the time was beer, which suggests that wine was probably used as a commodity. Ancient Babylon was located on the Silk Road from China to the Mediterranean. Wine played an important part in ceremonial life in ancient Egypt. Although the wild grape never grew there, a thriving royal winemaking industry had been established in the Nile Delta—most likely due to Early Bronze Age trade between Egypt and Canaan by at least Dynasty 3 (ca. 2700 B.C.), the beginning of the Old Kingdom period. Winemaking scenes appear on tomb walls, and the accompanying offering lists include wine that was definitely produced at vineyards in the Delta. By the end of the Old Kingdom, five wines—all probably made in the Delta—constitute a canonical set of provisions, or fixed "menu," for the afterlife. Greeks spread grape growing and winemaking throughout Europe in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome times. ==Medical implications== The health effects of wine (and Alcoholic_beverages#Effects on the human body) are the subject of considerable ongoing debate and study. In the USA, a boom in red wine consumption was touched off in the 1990s by '60 Minutes' and other news reports on the French paradox. It now seems clear that regular consumption of up to 1-2 drinks a day (1 standard drink is approximately equal to 5 oz, or 125 ml, of 13% wine) does reduce mortality, due to 10%–40% lower risk of coronary heart disease, for those over the age of 35 or so (see Alcohol consumption and health). However, with larger amounts the effect is compensated by the increased rate of various alcohol-related diseases, primarily cancers of mouth, upper respiratory tract and ultimately cirrhosis of liver. Originally the effect was observed with red wine. Compounds known as polyphenols are found in larger amounts in red wine, and there is some evidence that these are especially beneficial. One particularly interesting polyphenol found in red wine is resveratrol, to which numerous beneficial effects have been attributed. However, other studies have shown that similar beneficial effects can be obtained from drinking beer. It is unclear if this means that the only important ingredient is ethanol. Sulfites (or sulphites) are compounds found in wine that act as a preservative — and can trigger a severe allergy reaction in some consumers. In the USA all commercially produced wine is required to state on the label that it contains sulfites. In other countries they do not have to be declared on the label. A larger than average amount of sulfites in wine is said to cause worse hangover. ==Special types of wines== See :Category:Wines. ==Grape varieties== See List of grape varieties. ==Wine-based drinks== * List of cocktails#Cocktails with wine * Calimocho * Mulled wine, known in Scandinavia as Gl�gg * Sangria Spain: Red wine with fruit juices * Spritzer * Wine cooler * Zurracapote ==Wine-related objects== * Aging barrel * Amphora * Barrel (storage) * Bottle * Butt (unit) * Cork (material) * Corkscrew (tool) * Screwcap * Wine bottle * Wine cooler * Wine label * Wine-press * wine stopper * wine accessory ==People== * Ausonius * James Busby * Nathaniel de Rothschild * Philippe de Rothschild * Georges Duboeuf * Robert Mondavi * Robert M. Parker, Jr. * Albert Seibel * Taittinger family (Champagne) * Dom Perignon (person) ==Professions== * Cooper (profession) * N�gociant * Sommelier * Vintner (also called winemaker, oenologist or wine merchant) ==Vineyards and distributors== * Ch�teau Cheval Blanc * Ch�teau Mouton Rothschild * Ch�teau P�trus * KWV * Remick Ridge Vineyards * Royal Wine Company * Villa Antinori == Further Reading == * Hugh Johnson, Hugh Johnson's Wine Companion. The Encyclopaedia of Wines, Vineyards and Winemakers, Mitchell Beazley 2003, 5th edition *Stuart Pigott, A Grape by Grape Visual Guide to the Contemporary Wine World, (Mitchell Beazley) ==Films== *''Mondovino'', USA/France 2004. Director: Jonathan Nossiter *''Sideways'', 2004 comedy/drama film, co-written and directed by Alexander Payne in which wine (particularly Pinot Noir) plays a central role. ==See also== * Wine making * APCOR * Appellation * Bag in a box * Biodynamic wine * Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855 * Bottle variation * Botrytis * Chateau * Claret * Cold Duck * Cork taint * Dionysus * Farm winery * Master of Wine * May wine * Noble rot * Oenology * Wines of Portugal * Reserva * Sake * Semi-generic * Sweetness of wine * Tannins * Tasting flight * Two buck Chuck * Varietal * Vine * Vinegar * Vineyard * Viticulture * Winebar * Winefat * Winery ==Resources== Alcoholic beverages Herbal & fungal drugs/medicines Wine la:Vinum sq:Vera (pije alkolike) simple:Wine th:ไวน์ External Links * [http://www.LIWineGuide.com Long Island Wineries] * [http://www.civc.fr Comit� Interprofessionnel du Vin de Champagne] * [http://www.napavintners.com Napa Valley Vintners] * [http://www.champagne.us Office of Champagne, USA]

Wine

==Introduction - some suggestions== I propose a slightly edited version of the intro text as follows: :Wine is an alcoholic beverage resulting from the fermentation of grapes or grape juice. The word comes from the Greek language ''οινοσ'' and through the Latin ''vinum'' - referring to both "wine" and the "vine"). Wine-like beverages can also be made from other fruits or from flowers or grains. In this sense the word ''wine'' is used with a qualifier, for example, elderberry wine. The word ''wine'' by itself always means ''grape wine''. This terminology is often defined by law. :The remainder of this article discusses grape wine. For non-grape wines, see country wine or Chinese wine. :Wine is of particular interest for several reasons. It is a popular and important beverage that accompanies and enhances a wide range of European and Mediterranean style cuisines, from the simple and traditional to the most sophisticated and complex. As an agricultural product it reflects, more than any other, the variety of the land, the local yeast cultures and the climate and conditions under which grapes are grown, the so-called "''terroir''". As a result, wine is a very varied and, year-on-year, variable product - perhaps more so than any other. The fermentation process itself and improvements attained with proper ageing, sometimes for a century or more, will further increas variation. However, variety is not in itself a sought after quality for large producers of table wine or more affordable wines. For large and modern factory wines and mass market wine brands consistency is more important than distinction and their producers try to hide any hint of often unremarkable "''terroirs''" or climatically underperforming harvest years, by blending harvests of various years and vinyards, pasteurizing the grape juice in order to kill indigenous yeats (after which "choice" cultivated yeasts are reinserted), using flavor additives and so on. Wine is also used in religious ceremonies in many cultures and the wine trade is of historical importance for many regions. Comments: what is important should come first (drinking some good wine with your meal!). The English was at moments a bit jumbled. The year on year blend issue applies also to proper chamagne - all the non-mill�sime French stuff is blended (an not cheap!). I am not so sure this discussion on variety, terroir and manipulation actually belongs here - it may sit better somewhere else in this article. cheers --User:Modi 22:04, 8 May 2005 (UTC) I have also added some text relating to vintage and Champagne, as it is typically non-vintage but is not reallly table wine plonk; I have also mildly edited some of the English that I found a bit too "relaxed" and thus challenging for non-English mother tongue readers. I have added a reference to Shiraz the grape and Persian town. It was late at night so I may have done a few more minor edits I cannot recall now. cheers --User:Modi 06:23, 10 May 2005 (UTC) ==Problem with Firefox, IE== I have attempted to fix the problem on this page with image layout and whitespace. (In Firefox, images would overlap if you closed the contents, and in Internet Explorer there was almost a page of whitespace with the contents open). Now there is a slight problem in Firefox with the [edit] signs coming afterwards, but it looks fine in IE. Also, I filled out a little text in one section for wording purposes, and I removed the reference to wine as an "entheogen." Last I checked alcohol wasn't vision-inducing. -- April 05, 2005 8:42 PM (EST) entropix ---- :America and Canada confuse this system by using some European appellations as generic wine names, as champagne, port, burgundy. In the rest of the world Champagne, for example, can only have been grown and fermented in the Champagne region of France. This practice is being phased out. I removed the last sentence, because it seemed to relate to French exclusivity over the term Champagne being "phased out", which I'm not sure is true. The sentence should be replaced by something less grammatically vague. --DavidSaff What it boils down to is that USA can't easily be bullied by the EU into dropping names, while Chile, South Africa, Australia etc can. It's gone way beyond names of places, in recent trade talks, Italy was prepared to scupper the whole deal if South Africa didn't drop "grappa" for which there is absolutely no geographical referent. European (not just French) exclusivism is getting worse, not better -User:clasqm :Oh, sure. And while we're about it, let's let anyone who likes claim to be producing Coca-Cola sodas, Ford cars, and Microsoft software. Look, these names are the livelihoods of communities and the people who live in them; they are older than the trademark system but they exist for the same kind of reason. Using them when you are not the authentic producer of wine, cheese or whatever from the region concerned is simple piracy. I thought the US had outgrown that, but it appears not. User:Seglea 07:09, 12 Aug 2004 (UTC) ::Who in their right mind would claim to be producing Microsoft software? =) Other than that, I agree fully. User:85.76.152.179 21:07, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC) ---- I think the etymology given in this article is wrong. The Latin words for "grape" are "uva" and "racemum" -- not "vin" which doesn't even look like a Latin word. And there seems to be a general word in the Mediterranean area from which the Latin "vinum" (wine) derives -- note Hebrew "yayin" and a similar Greek word. :You're about 2/3rds right - 'vinum', not 'vin', and it means "wine", not "grape", but 'yayin' is disputed. The Oxford English Dictionary says that the Latin ''vinum'' is the source of the word in all the Germanic languages and says the 'yayin' connection is disputed. --MichaelTinkler (who is sorry some characters go away in cut and paste, but what can you do?): ::[OE. w�n = OFris., OS., MLG., MDu. w�n (Du. wijn), OHG., MHG. w�n (G. wein), ON. v�n (Sw., Da. vin), Goth. wein:OTeut. *wnom, a. L. vnum, the source also of the Balto-Slavic (OSl. vino, Lith. vnas) and Celtic words (Ir. f�n, W. gw�n). L. vinum is primitively related to Gr. , wine, vine, wine, Alb. vne, Arm. gini, which according to some scholars are all derived from a common Mediterranean source, while according to others prim. Arm. *woiniyo (Arm. gini) is the immediate origin of the Gr., Lat., and Alb. words; the nature of the connexion of the Indo-Eur. words with the Semitic (Arab., Ethiopic wain, Hebrew yayin, Assyrian �nu) is disputed.] :Surely Greek ''oinos'' is undisputed, at least? Replace mine with a better etymology if I'm mistaken. User:Wetman 19:07, 22 Jun 2004 (UTC) ---- Would it maybe be appropriate to set up an article on New World wine?
-- User:Ruhrjung 14:18, 4 Aug 2003 (UTC) :Do you mean to explain what the word New World means in relation to the wine industry or an article on New World wines? User:Rmhermen 14:23, 4 Aug 2003 (UTC) :Sure. An article would be nice. Try linking to it from here, from Wine_producing_regions, and from Americas -- User:Williamv1138 13:41, Aug 5, 2003 (UTC) :Yes, that is a good idea. I wrote a stub in New World and Old World, but the topic is significant enough to warrant more text. I can go either way on whether it should be a separate article. I kind of like the juxtaposition with the original use of the term, but obviously it is not easy to find. User:Wnissen 14:08, 5 Aug 2003 (UTC) Now done. None for Old World wine yet... User:Justinc 11:38, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC) ---- Ruby Cabernet is a grape variety, right?--User:JensMueller :That is correct. However, at least in the U.S. it is rarely seen as a varietal wine, so that's why it's not on the list. Perhaps a list of grapes used for blending would be helpful. User:Wnissen 13:12, 9 Sep 2003 (EDT) -------- "Wine was (like beer) known to be produced by the Babylonians about 5000 BC" -- This should probably read "5000 years before present" or "3000 BCE", right? Babylonia says: "The earliest mention of Babylon can be found in a tablet of the reign of Sargon of Akkad, dating back to around 2400 BC." ---- This should be expanded by someone more knowledgeable than myself with more varietals than simply the popular French ones, especially ones of historical importance (the French varietals are, historically speaking, of relatively recent origin). Some Greek ones include Asyrtiko, Roditis, Agiorgitiko, Mavrodaphne, and Xinomavro, and I'm sure some other countries have others of note. --User:Delirium 01:21, Apr 18, 2004 (UTC) --- ''"Wine became such a valued trade item that the Romans, in 97 BC, ordered the known world to pull out all vines in an attempt to protect their wine industry. "'' Something has been misunderstood here. This is impossible. User:Wetman 19:05, 22 Jun 2004 (UTC) ---- Having both "types of wine" and "special types of wine" seems rather redundant, and the "List of wines" contains both varietals and vinyards. Moreover, there is a far more complete list of varietals on the page "varietal" and an even more exhaustive "list of grape varieties". This should be improved. -- Burschik ---- Alcibiades and Plato were speaking ''Latin'' around B.C. when they said "In Vino Veritas"? Say it ain't so, Joe.... User:Hayford Peirce 20:27, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC) ---- I'm very dubious about the use of "country wine" as a term for all "non-grape" wines. A.) I've never heard it, and I've been drinking wine for 45 years. B.) The Merriam-Websters New International Dictionary, Unabridged, 2nd Edition, with 600,000 entries, does not even list it as a footnote. C.) The Compact Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary (small print, but still the complete dictionary) does not list it. D.) The 700-page "Food Lover's Companion", a recent, very useful encyl. about food and wine does not list it. E.) I can't find anything in a Google search that jibes with this definition. F.) Today's ''New York Time's'' food section had a lead article on Bordeaux wines. In the course of the article they translated "vin du pays" as "country wine". Did whoever wrote the article about "Country Wine" just make up this term? I think it's a nice one, and I have nothing better off-hand to replace it, but I wonder if it's accurate? User:Hayford Peirce 20:46, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC) :The full version of OED gives bare credence to this usage, with the following under "wine": ::2. In wider use, usually with qualifying word: A fermented liquor made from the juice of other fruits, or from grain, flowers, the sap of various trees (e.g. birch and palm), etc.: sometimes called made wine (MADE ppl. a. 3). :::the wine of the country (= F. le vin de pays): properly, the wine made in a particular locality for local consumption; usually transf. the alcoholic beverage most drunk in a particular country, or regarded as peculiar to it. :and going on to give examples that include (but are not limited to) country wines in the sense under discussion. However, "country wine" to mean non-grape wine certainly is a phrase that is in common use in the UK (possibly because until recently virtually no grapes suitable for winemaking were being grown in the country, though more likely because such wines are much more often home-made in the countryside than manufactured for retail sale). Try a search of UK websites through www.google.co.uk to see some examples. User:Seglea 07:09, 12 Aug 2004 (UTC) **Ah, I was looking under "country wine" in the OED, not under "wine." I've now looked at the UK Google and, as you say, found some references to non-grape country wine. But it seemed to me that there were even more references to "vin du pays" country wine. I wonder if a disambig. point should be made about this? And I think I'll at least create a "Non-grape wine" article header and put a redirect to "Country wine." User:Hayford Peirce 22:46, 13 Aug 2004 (UTC) ---- As I have started adding German wine entries I have started doing miscellaneous changes. I had to add an entry for it, because at the moment pretty much all links in the wine pages go to the country which will often barely mention the wines. I think we need more sections like French wine and then regional things like Alsace wine. I have fixed the sparkling wine redirect to Champagne, and started tidying up some of teh classification , and have added some otehr articles such as chaptalization. Lots to do though... User:Justinc 14:29, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC) ---- Can we get rid of special types of wine on this page and just link to Category:Wines? User:Justinc 14:47, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC) ---- Replaced vinyards misspelled category with vineyards. Added wineries category for those that clearly werent vineyards. Yquem etc are confusingly a wine a winery and a vineyard, and the text for some indicated this confusion. Arguably what they are least is a vineyard - these probably have their own names. User:Justinc 16:01, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC) ---- Why is the first picture on the wine page, Raspberry port? Yes thats not good, someone take a picture of some real wine... User:Justinc 23:39, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC) ---- I have created a category :Category:French wine AOCs and intend to fill it comprehensively, at least with basic stubs of grape varieties and a few other details initially, to expand later. All help appreciated! User:Justinc 23:39, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC) ---- Removed some clear spam from a wine shop, but this brings up an issue as to which wineries it is appropriate to link to. Some, like the first growth wineries, have substantial history and impact on the world of wine, but the average winery is inconsequential. The link to clickwine winery seemed really superfluous, so I took it out. User:Wnissen 05:31, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC) == Removed quotes section == *I took the liberty of removing the quotes section since ''all'' of the quotes were already in Wikiquote. I'm not sure if there's an official policy regarding these sorts of things, but to me it seemed unencyclopedic, and after all, this is the reason that Wikiquote exists. If anyone seriously objects, feel free to revert. User:Andyabides 04:21, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC) ---- Removed raspberry port and moved nice new pictures to top. User:Justinc 14:39, 8 Mar 2005 (UTC) == Wine faking article, anyone? == Someone please write an article about fake wines or fakeing intoxicating liquors in general. This is a way cool topic. You can make very stong spirits out of artifical fertilizer, linoleum, horse manure (sic!), aromatic tablets, discarded grape peel, carrot sugar and all kinds of chemicals. Wine faking is a big business some places in Eastern Europe. I remember there was a big wine faking scandal in France some 12-15 years ago? == Category Oenology == I was thinking of moving this to category:Wine as it seems more friendly... I have been doing some other recatsegorisation, and I think it looks better - comments welcome. User:Justinc 01:39, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC) Now I see that :Category:Wine already exists, although with not much in it. I think I will start moving things to there. User:Justinc 23:28, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC) :Hmmm. My opinion would be to hold off moving other stuff for the time being. Oenology being the science of wine, it strikes me that there are specific articles that would fit within this cat to do with viniculture/viticulture and production methods like Champagneoise. On the other hand the article on Wine itself doesn't belong in the cat for Oenology. User:Noisy | User talk:Noisy 00:36, Mar 30, 2005 (UTC) Its a bit difficult. I see your point, and was going to wait until I saw that cat:Wine already existed. We dont really have any articles yet that are really detailed Oenology ones (although I hope we will do in a bit, I created a stub Ampelography for example. When they do we should make Oenology a subcat of wine for them. User:Justinc 02:09, 30 Mar 2005 (UTC) Generally Wine is a better root category as it is more general. Oenology is a subcat. User:Justinc 02:10, 30 Mar 2005 (UTC) :I disagree with what you are doing, but not strongly enough other than to make this comment. In my early days on the Wikipedia, I was really dismayed by the explosion in categories, but I have now come to accept them. To my mind, a separate category for Oenology (as a subcat of wine) was a good idea, and should have been left. User:Noisy | User talk:Noisy 09:48, Mar 30, 2005 (UTC) :: I am quite happy for it to be a subcat. It wasnt, it was an independent cat with same scope. ok I will make it a sensible subcat with a couple of things in. User:Justinc 10:42, 30 Mar 2005 (UTC) ::Well I started doing this, and was looking at the oxford companion to wine on Oenology, and Jancis completely disagrees with the definition of Oenology we have, saying it was originally synonymous with wine-making, and distinct from viticulture, but generally includes some aspects of viticulture "as more people accept that wine is made to a great extent in the vineyard". Degustation etc are not included. Who has another source for this? Not inclined to move things until this is cleared up. User:Justinc 10:57, 30 Mar 2005 (UTC) :I have moved wine making things to :Category:Oenology, and grape stuff to :Category:Viticulture. I might be inclined to rename cat Oenology Category:Wine making, and :Category:Appellations category:Wine classification. A few articles still need moving around. ==Flavour terms== User:Novalis added this: *However, these flavor terms are unique to an individual wine expert; one expert is basically unable to identify a wine from another's description of it (Lawless, 1984). Additionally, experts' perceptions of a wine's quality depends primarily on its labeling, rather than its flavor (Brochet, 2001). Clearly wanting to be provocative. I dont have any objections to this being written about in NPOV way, but I have removed to talk page as the references are not specified, it is clearly not neutral (and judging from the post name not intended to be), and probably would be better off in a wine tasting article anyway, as the paragraph above is referring to quite obvious things such as sugar levels, which can be measured. User:Justinc 12:45, 4 May 2005 (UTC) : True, its presence is intended to be provocative. But it's well-supported by the literature, as far as I can see. Here's the Brochet reference: Fr�d�ric Brochet and Denis Dubourdieu, "Wine Descriptive Language Supports Cognitive Specificity of Chemical Senses", Brain and Language, Volume 77, Issue 2 , May 2001, Pages 187-196. I can't find the original Lawless (Harry T) article, but his other work which is available online supports the basic idea that high-level descriptors are useless. : Would it be OK with you if I put it back with (a) a citation to an appropriate Lawless paper, and (b) a citation to Brochet's paper? I do think it belongs here, since this section concerns the taste of wine, and the section immediately below concerns the value of wine. Perhaps we do need a larger section on the culture of wine tasting as well. -- User:Novalis 04:47, 5 May 2005 (UTC) ::If you give full citation and reasonably neutral point of view I am fine with it. It can stay there for the moment, as there isnt yet enough to justify a full article; there probably should be one soon. I will look up the references when I get a chance, though I dont have access to that journal. Suitable online references would be better if at all possible. User:Justinc 09:50, 5 May 2005 (UTC) == Champagne == I don't understand the remark on Champagne being applied only to cheap Californian wines. I would rather suggest the following: : Special storage and aging results in a wine with high CO2 contents, commonly known as sparkling wine. Based on the international trademark agreements included in the Treaty of Versailles 1918, only sparkling wine grown in the region of Champagne in France may be sold as Champagne. Other international denominations of sparkling wine include Sekt (Germany), Cava (Spain), Spumante or Prosecco (Italy). Now I am not an expert, so I would like to have some feedback if this sounds okay to replace what is there or how to do it better. Cheers --User:Ernst.schnell 14:13, 20 May 2005 (UTC)

Wine

This is the general category for wine-related articles. For wine making, see also the :Category:Oenology; for grapes and grape-growing see :Category:Viticulture. Alcoholic beverages

See other meanings of words starting from letter:

W

WA | WB | WC | WD | WE | WF | WG | WH | WI | WJ | WK | WL | WM | WN | WO | WP | WR | WS | WT | WU | WX | WY | WZ |

Words begining with Wine:

WINE
WINE
Wine
Wine
Wine
Wine,_women_and_song
Wine-Dark_Sea
Wine-growing_region
Wine-making
Wine-press
Wine-producing_region
Wine-stub
Wine.jpeg
Wine.jpeg
Wineaux
WineBarrels_2005_SeanMcClean.jpg
Wineberries
Wineberry
Wineberry_(New_Zealand)
Wineberry_(United_States)
Wineberry_(United_States)
Winecoff_Hotel
Winefat
Winefat
Winefred
Winefride
Winegars,_MI
Winegars,_Michigan
Winehouse47
Winehouse47
Winehouse_Frank.jpg
Winelight
Winelight
Winelover
Winemake.JPG
Winemaker
Winemaking
Wineries
Wineries
WinerLog
WinerLog
Winery
Winer_Observatory
Wines
Wines
Wines
Winesburg
Winesburg,_OH
Winesburg,_Ohio
Winesburg,_Ohio_(book)
Winesburg,_Ohio_(novel)
Winesburg,_OH_(book)
Winesburg,_OH_(novel)
Wines_by_country
Wines_of_Portugal
Wines_of_Portugal
WineX
Winex
WineyardRadebeul.jpg
Wine_(software)
Wine_(software)
Wine_accessory
Wine_and_food_matching
Wine_barrel
Wine_blenheim_wikipedia.jpg
Wine_bottle
Wine_bottles
Wine_cask
Wine_cooler
Wine_Country
Wine_Dark_Sea
Wine_glass_300x531.jpg
Wine_growing_regions
Wine_Gum
Wine_Gum
Wine_gum
Wine_gum
Wine_Gums
Wine_gums
Wine_images
Wine_Is_Not_an_Emulator
Wine_Is_Not_an_Emulator
Wine_label
Wine_making
Wine_making
Wine_making_region
Wine_of_Moldova
Wine_post
Wine_press
Wine_Producing_Regions
Wine_producing_regions
WINE_project
Wine_region
Wine_regions
Wine_Regions_of_Chile
Wine_Spectator
Wine_stopper
Wine_stubs