The Right Honourable Sir William Thomas White (November 13 1866 – February 11 1955) was a Canada politician and Canadian Cabinet minister. White worked as a reporter for the ''Toronto Telegram'' in 1890, and subsequently worked for Toronto's Assessment Department. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Toronto in 1895, and a law degree from Osgoode Law School in 1899. White did not practice law after his graduation, but instead worked as a Managing Director for the National Trust Company, Ltd., becoming its Vice-President in 1911. White was initially a Liberal Party of Canada, but his views diverged from the party's policies on some key matters. He was a supporter of British imperialism, and joined Clifford Sifton and other Liberals in signing an anti-reciprocity (Canadian politics) manifesto in 1911. Although he had few allies in the Conservative Party of Canada (historical), White was respected by party leader Robert Borden, who recognized that White's presence would bring some disaffected Liberals to the party. After winning the Canadian federal election, 1911, Borden appointed White as his Minister of Finance (Canada). White did not hold a seat in the Canadian House of Commons at the time, and in fact had never campaigned for public office before. Nevertheless, he was elected by acclamation in a by-election in the eastern Ontario riding of Leeds, after another Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) was convinced to resign. White was responsible for managing Canada's finances during World War I. His approach was essentially conservative, and he was reluctant to interfere with private enterprise (or even to raise taxes) in the early period of the war. Although he eventually brought in some reforms (including fixed profit margins and regulated food supplies), he continued to reject fundamental changes in the nation's finances. One exception was the introduction in 1917 of an income tax of 4% on all income of single men over $2,000; for Canadians with annual incomes of more than $6,000, the tax rate ranged from 2 to 25 per cent. Though it was intended as a temporary war measure and despite White's recommendation that "a year or two after the war is over, the measure should be reviewed by the minister of finance of the day, with a view of judging whether it is suitable to the conditions which then prevail," income tax became a permanent feature of Canadian life. In 1919, he approved the use of naval warships to suppress post-war labour radicalism in British Columbia. White served as Finance Minister until August 1, 1919. From November 1918 to May 1919, he also served as Acting Prime Minister while Borden was in Europe. Several members of Borden's Unionist government (a wartime coalition of the Conservative Party and some Liberals) called on White to replace Borden as Prime Minister in 1920, but he declined. In 1920, White was named to the Imperial Privy Council allowing him to use the honorific "Right Honourable". He remained a Member of Parliament until the Canadian federal election, 1921 when he retired from politics. Later in the year, he published a pamphlet entitled ''The Story of Canada's War Finances'', defending his management of the wartime economy. White did not consider himself as a "career politician". His tenure as Finance Minister was very stressful, and he seems to have welcomed the opportunity to leave political life after the war's end. There is no indication that he entertained a return to politics in later years. == External links == *[http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/about/people/key/bio.asp?lang=E&query=15354&s=M Biographical details from the Library of Parliament] 1866 births 1955 deaths Canadian Ministers of Finance Historical Members of the Canadian House of Commons
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William Thomas White
The Right Honourable Sir William Thomas White (November 13 1866 – February 11 1955) was a Canada politician and Canadian Cabinet minister. White worked as a reporter for the ''Toronto Telegram'' in 1890, and subsequently worked for Toronto's Assessment Department. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Toronto in 1895, and a law degree from Osgoode Law School in 1899. White did not practice law after his graduation, but instead worked as a Managing Director for the National Trust Company, Ltd., becoming its Vice-President in 1911. White was initially a Liberal Party of Canada, but his views diverged from the party's policies on some key matters. He was a supporter of British imperialism, and joined Clifford Sifton and other Liberals in signing an anti-reciprocity (Canadian politics) manifesto in 1911. Although he had few allies in the Conservative Party of Canada (historical), White was respected by party leader Robert Borden, who recognized that White's presence would bring some disaffected Liberals to the party. After winning the Canadian federal election, 1911, Borden appointed White as his Minister of Finance (Canada). White did not hold a seat in the Canadian House of Commons at the time, and in fact had never campaigned for public office before. Nevertheless, he was elected by acclamation in a by-election in the eastern Ontario riding of Leeds, after another Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) was convinced to resign. White was responsible for managing Canada's finances during World War I. His approach was essentially conservative, and he was reluctant to interfere with private enterprise (or even to raise taxes) in the early period of the war. Although he eventually brought in some reforms (including fixed profit margins and regulated food supplies), he continued to reject fundamental changes in the nation's finances. One exception was the introduction in 1917 of an income tax of 4% on all income of single men over $2,000; for Canadians with annual incomes of more than $6,000, the tax rate ranged from 2 to 25 per cent. Though it was intended as a temporary war measure and despite White's recommendation that "a year or two after the war is over, the measure should be reviewed by the minister of finance of the day, with a view of judging whether it is suitable to the conditions which then prevail," income tax became a permanent feature of Canadian life. In 1919, he approved the use of naval warships to suppress post-war labour radicalism in British Columbia. White served as Finance Minister until August 1, 1919. From November 1918 to May 1919, he also served as Acting Prime Minister while Borden was in Europe. Several members of Borden's Unionist government (a wartime coalition of the Conservative Party and some Liberals) called on White to replace Borden as Prime Minister in 1920, but he declined. In 1920, White was named to the Imperial Privy Council allowing him to use the honorific "Right Honourable". He remained a Member of Parliament until the Canadian federal election, 1921 when he retired from politics. Later in the year, he published a pamphlet entitled ''The Story of Canada's War Finances'', defending his management of the wartime economy. White did not consider himself as a "career politician". His tenure as Finance Minister was very stressful, and he seems to have welcomed the opportunity to leave political life after the war's end. There is no indication that he entertained a return to politics in later years. == External links == *[http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/about/people/key/bio.asp?lang=E&query=15354&s=M Biographical details from the Library of Parliament] 1866 births 1955 deaths Canadian Ministers of Finance Historical Members of the Canadian House of Commons
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