The Whyte notation for classifying steam locomotives by wheel arrangement was devised by Frederick Methvan Whyte and came into use in the early 20th century. Whyte's system counts the number of leading wheels, then the number of driving wheels, and finally the number of trailing wheels, this being the common pattern of the conventional steam locomotive. Thus, a locomotive with two leading axles (and thus four wheels) in front, then three driving axles (six wheels) and followed by one trailing axle (two wheels) is classified as a 4-6-2. It's important to stress that wheels, not axles, are what is counted in this system. Other classification schemes in use elsewhere (like the UIC classification) count axles. The system had to be extended with the advent of articulated locomotives. The scheme generally adopted is that locomotives such as Garratts, where there are, in effect, two separate locomotives joined by a common boiler, are classified by using a plus sign in between the arrangements of each engine. Thus, a 'double Pacific' type Garratt is a 4-6-2+2-6-4. Simpler articulated types such as Mallet (locomotive)s, where there are no unpowered axles in between powered axles, are just written by adding extra numbers in the middle; each number represents a grouping of wheels. Thus a Union Pacific Big Boy is written under this modified Whyte notation as a 4-8-8-4; there are two leading axles, one group of four driving axles, another group of four driving axles, and then two trailing axles. In addition the suffix 'T' is often used to indicate a tank locomotive (otherwise, a tender locomotive is assumed). In British practice, this is sometimes extended to indicate what ''type'' of tank locomotive. When this is done, a plain 'T' means side tank, 'ST' means saddle tank, PT means pannier tank and WT stands for well tank. Where a 'T' suffix is followed by '+T', this indicates a tank locomotive that has a tender for additional coal or water capacity. The limitations of the Whyte system for classifying locomotives that did not fit the standard steam locomotive pattern led to the design of other forms of classification. Most commonly used in Europe is the UIC classification scheme, based on Germany practice, which can more completely define the exact layout of a locomotive. In United States (and to a lesser extent United Kingdom) practice, most wheel arrangements in common use were given names. Here is a list of the most common wheel arrangements: in the illustration, which should be read left to right, with the front of the locomotive to the left, small o is a carrying axle, and a big O is a driving axle. {| border="1" !align=left|Arrangement!!align=left|Whyte Classification!!align=left|Name |- |colspan="3"|''Non-Articulated Locomotives'' |- | |- |Oo||0-2-2|| |- |oO||2-2-0||Planet |- |oOo||2-2-2||Single, Jenny Lind |- |oOoo||2-2-4|| |- |ooO||4-2-0||Jervis |- |ooOo||4-2-2||Bicycle |- |ooOoo||4-2-4|| |- |oooO||6-2-0||Crampton |- | |- |OO||0-4-0||Four-Coupled |- |OOo||0-4-2|| |- |OOoo||0-4-4|| |- |oOO||2-4-0||Porter |- |oOOo||2-4-2||Columbia |- |oOOoo||2-4-4|| |- |ooOO||4-4-0||American, Eight-wheeler |- |ooOOo||4-4-2 (locomotive)||Atlantic |- |ooOOoo||4-4-4||Reading, Jubilee (Canada) |- | |- |OOO||0-6-0||Six-Coupled |- |OOOo||0-6-2|| |- |OOOoo||0-6-4|| |- |oOOO||2-6-0||Mogul |- |oOOOo||2-6-2||Prairie |- |oOOOoo||2-6-4||Adriatic |- |ooOOO||4-6-0||Ten-Wheeler (not Britain) |- |ooOOOo||4-6-2||Pacific |- |ooOOOoo||4-6-4||Hudson, Baltic |- | |- |OOOO||0-8-0||Eight-Coupled |- |OOOOo||0-8-2|| |- |oOOOO||2-8-0||Consolidation |- |oOOOOo||2-8-2||Mikado, Mike, MacArthur |- |oOOOOoo||2-8-4||Berkshire, Kanawha |- |ooOOOO||4-8-0||Mastodon, Twelve-Wheeler |- |ooOOOOo||4-8-2||Mountain, Mohawk |- |ooOOOOoo||4-8-4||Northern, Niagara, Confederation, Dixie, Greenbrier, Pocono, Potomac |- |oooOOOOooo||6-8-6||(Used only by the Pennsylvania Railroad's steam turbine locomotive) |- | |- |OOOOO||0-10-0||Ten-Coupled, (rarely) Decapod |- |OOOOOo||0-10-2||Union |- |oOOOOO||2-10-0||Decapod |- |oOOOOOo||2-10-2||Santa Fe |- |oOOOOOoo||2-10-4||Texas, Selkirk (Canada) |- |ooOOOOO||4-10-0||Mastodon, Gobernador |- |ooOOOOOo||4-10-2||Southern Pacific, Overland |- | |- |OOOOOO||0-12-0||Twelve-Coupled |- |oOOOOOO||2-12-0||Centipede |- |oOOOOOOo||2-12-2|| |- |oOOOOOOoo||2-12-4|| |- |ooOOOOOOo||4-12-2||Union Pacific |- | |- |ooOOOOOOOoo||4-14-4|| AA20 |- | |- |colspan="3"|''Duplex locomotive Locomotives'' |- |- |ooOO OOoo||4-4-4-4||Duplex |- |oooOO OOooo||6-4-4-6||Pennsylvania |- |ooOO OOOoo||4-4-6-4||(PRR Q2) |- |ooOOO OOoo||4-6-4-4||(PRR Q1) |- | |- |colspan="3"|''Mallet (locomotive) and Simple Articulated Locomotives'' |- | |- |OO-OO||0-4-4-0|| |- |o-OO-OO-o||2-4-4-2|| |- |OOO-OOO||0-6-6-0||Erie |- |oOOO-OOO||2-6-6-0||Denver & Salt Lake |- |oOOO-OOOo||2-6-6-2|| |- |oOOO-OOOoo||2-6-6-4||Norfolk & Western
Whyte notation
The Whyte notation for classifying steam locomotives by wheel arrangement was devised by Frederick Methvan Whyte and came into use in the early 20th century. Whyte's system counts the number of leading wheels, then the number of driving wheels, and finally the number of trailing wheels, this being the common pattern of the conventional steam locomotive. Thus, a locomotive with two leading axles (and thus four wheels) in front, then three driving axles (six wheels) and followed by one trailing axle (two wheels) is classified as a 4-6-2. It's important to stress that wheels, not axles, are what is counted in this system. Other classification schemes in use elsewhere (like the UIC classification) count axles. The system had to be extended with the advent of articulated locomotives. The scheme generally adopted is that locomotives such as Garratts, where there are, in effect, two separate locomotives joined by a common boiler, are classified by using a plus sign in between the arrangements of each engine. Thus, a 'double Pacific' type Garratt is a 4-6-2+2-6-4. Simpler articulated types such as Mallet (locomotive)s, where there are no unpowered axles in between powered axles, are just written by adding extra numbers in the middle; each number represents a grouping of wheels. Thus a Union Pacific Big Boy is written under this modified Whyte notation as a 4-8-8-4; there are two leading axles, one group of four driving axles, another group of four driving axles, and then two trailing axles. In addition the suffix 'T' is often used to indicate a tank locomotive (otherwise, a tender locomotive is assumed). In British practice, this is sometimes extended to indicate what ''type'' of tank locomotive. When this is done, a plain 'T' means side tank, 'ST' means saddle tank, PT means pannier tank and WT stands for well tank. Where a 'T' suffix is followed by '+T', this indicates a tank locomotive that has a tender for additional coal or water capacity. The limitations of the Whyte system for classifying locomotives that did not fit the standard steam locomotive pattern led to the design of other forms of classification. Most commonly used in Europe is the UIC classification scheme, based on Germany practice, which can more completely define the exact layout of a locomotive. In United States (and to a lesser extent United Kingdom) practice, most wheel arrangements in common use were given names. Here is a list of the most common wheel arrangements: in the illustration, which should be read left to right, with the front of the locomotive to the left, small o is a carrying axle, and a big O is a driving axle. {| border="1" !align=left|Arrangement!!align=left|Whyte Classification!!align=left|Name |- |colspan="3"|''Non-Articulated Locomotives'' |- | |- |Oo||0-2-2|| |- |oO||2-2-0||Planet |- |oOo||2-2-2||Single, Jenny Lind |- |oOoo||2-2-4|| |- |ooO||4-2-0||Jervis |- |ooOo||4-2-2||Bicycle |- |ooOoo||4-2-4|| |- |oooO||6-2-0||Crampton |- | |- |OO||0-4-0||Four-Coupled |- |OOo||0-4-2|| |- |OOoo||0-4-4|| |- |oOO||2-4-0||Porter |- |oOOo||2-4-2||Columbia |- |oOOoo||2-4-4|| |- |ooOO||4-4-0||American, Eight-wheeler |- |ooOOo||4-4-2 (locomotive)||Atlantic |- |ooOOoo||4-4-4||Reading, Jubilee (Canada) |- | |- |OOO||0-6-0||Six-Coupled |- |OOOo||0-6-2|| |- |OOOoo||0-6-4|| |- |oOOO||2-6-0||Mogul |- |oOOOo||2-6-2||Prairie |- |oOOOoo||2-6-4||Adriatic |- |ooOOO||4-6-0||Ten-Wheeler (not Britain) |- |ooOOOo||4-6-2||Pacific |- |ooOOOoo||4-6-4||Hudson, Baltic |- | |- |OOOO||0-8-0||Eight-Coupled |- |OOOOo||0-8-2|| |- |oOOOO||2-8-0||Consolidation |- |oOOOOo||2-8-2||Mikado, Mike, MacArthur |- |oOOOOoo||2-8-4||Berkshire, Kanawha |- |ooOOOO||4-8-0||Mastodon, Twelve-Wheeler |- |ooOOOOo||4-8-2||Mountain, Mohawk |- |ooOOOOoo||4-8-4||Northern, Niagara, Confederation, Dixie, Greenbrier, Pocono, Potomac |- |oooOOOOooo||6-8-6||(Used only by the Pennsylvania Railroad's steam turbine locomotive) |- | |- |OOOOO||0-10-0||Ten-Coupled, (rarely) Decapod |- |OOOOOo||0-10-2||Union |- |oOOOOO||2-10-0||Decapod |- |oOOOOOo||2-10-2||Santa Fe |- |oOOOOOoo||2-10-4||Texas, Selkirk (Canada) |- |ooOOOOO||4-10-0||Mastodon, Gobernador |- |ooOOOOOo||4-10-2||Southern Pacific, Overland |- | |- |OOOOOO||0-12-0||Twelve-Coupled |- |oOOOOOO||2-12-0||Centipede |- |oOOOOOOo||2-12-2|| |- |oOOOOOOoo||2-12-4|| |- |ooOOOOOOo||4-12-2||Union Pacific |- | |- |ooOOOOOOOoo||4-14-4|| AA20 |- | |- |colspan="3"|''Duplex locomotive Locomotives'' |- |- |ooOO OOoo||4-4-4-4||Duplex |- |oooOO OOooo||6-4-4-6||Pennsylvania |- |ooOO OOOoo||4-4-6-4||(PRR Q2) |- |ooOOO OOoo||4-6-4-4||(PRR Q1) |- | |- |colspan="3"|''Mallet (locomotive) and Simple Articulated Locomotives'' |- | |- |OO-OO||0-4-4-0|| |- |o-OO-OO-o||2-4-4-2|| |- |OOO-OOO||0-6-6-0||Erie |- |oOOO-OOO||2-6-6-0||Denver & Salt Lake |- |oOOO-OOOo||2-6-6-2|| |- |oOOO-OOOoo||2-6-6-4||Norfolk & Western
Whyte notation
1. Fairlies (Im not sure of the difference between a Fairlie and a Mallett, but generally for the Ffestiniog Railway atleast they were 0-4-4-0s. 2. Garratts I would tend to use the following for Garratts: 2-6-0+0-6-2 User:Duncharris :As to (1), that's why I need to write articulated locomotive. Basically, a Fairlie (Meyer, Kitson-Meyer, and a bunch of other articulated designs) has two swivelling powered 'engines' (bogies, trucks) under the body of the locomotive. The Mallet has the rear 'engine' fixed in place under the firebox and rear boiler, and the front 'engine' is hinged to that at its rear. :Many (but not all) Fairlies were 'Double Fairlies' with two boilers, but this wasn't strictly necessary. 'Single Fairlies' look normal and have one powered bogie and one carrying bogie. :There were both 0-4-4-0 and 0-6-6-0 Fairlies, the latter being used in Mexico and South America at least; there were a couple of Fairlies used in the US too at one point. :As to Garratts, I agree. Sometimes one will hear them described as 'Double Pacifics' and things like that, too. User:Morven 18:44, 5 Apr 2004 (UTC) ::Okay. Next is a proposal to merge this with UIC classification, and wheel arrangement. I suggest that wheel arrangement be its name. User:duncharris 2004-April-5 T 20:08 in UTC
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
W
WA | WB | WC | WD | WE | WF | WG | WH | WI | WJ | WK | WL | WM | WN | WO | WP | WR | WS | WT | WU | WX | WY | WZ |Words begining with Whyte_notation:
Whyte_notation
Whyte_notation
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