Virtue (Greek language ''αρετη''; Latin ''virtus'') is the habitual, well-established, readiness or disposition of man's powers directing them to some goodness of act. (1) Virtue is moral excellence of a man or a woman. The word αρετη is derived from the Greek Arete (excellence) (αρετη). As applied to humans, a virtue is a goodness character trait. The Latin word ''virtus'' literally means "manliness," from ''vir'', "man" in the masculine sense; and referred originally to masculine, warlike virtues such as courage. In one of the many irony of etymology, in English language the word ''virtue'' is often used to refer to a woman's chastity. In the Greek it is more properly called ''ηθικη αρετη''. It is "habitual excellence". It is something practised at all times. The virtue of perseverance is needed for all and any virtue since it is a habit of character and must be used continuously in order for any person to maintain oneself in virtue. ==The four virtues== The four classic Western "cardinal" virtues are: *prudence/wisdom *justice *fortitude/courage *temperance (virtue) ==Virtue in the Western philosophical tradition== The list of Western virtues goes back at least as far as Plato, in ''Plato's Republic''. A more comprehensive set of virtues is found in Aristotle's ''Nicomachean Ethics''. The notion of virtue was a commonplace in ancient philosophy, and because of its adoption by Cicero, was widely accepted by Christian philosophers and became a staple of Catholic theology. ==The unity of the virtues== Classically, some philosophers, most notably Aristotle, said that in order to pursue any of these virtues perfectly, one would have to master them all. He defines dianoethic (built by rationality; νουσ των αρxων - understanding of substance, επιστημη - science, σοφια - wisdom, τεxνη - practical craft, φρονεσιs - practical mind) and ethic (built by custom; main: ανδρεια - courage, σoφρoσυνη - temperance; property-based: ελευεθεριoτηs - generosity, μεγαλoπρoπεια - goodwilling; honor-based: μεγαλoπσυxια - pride, φιλoτινια - assertivity, πραoτηs - control of anger; social: ευτραπελια - wittiness, αλεθεια - truthfulness, φιλια - friendliness; political: δικαιoσυνη - justice) virtues. For example, in order to be just, one must be wise. The thesis of ''the unity of the virtues'' is controversial. One might argue that humans can be courageous without being wise, or good tempered without being just. ==Prudence and virtue== Seneca the Younger, the Roman Stoic said that perfect prudence is indistinguishable from perfect virtue. His point was that if you take the longest view, and consider all the consequences, in the end, a perfectly prudent person would act in the same way as a perfectly virtuous person. Many people have found it valuable to determine how each of the virtues is prudent, as well as how they harmonize. ==The Christian virtues== In Christianity, the three theological virtues are faith, hope and charity, a list which comes from 1 Corinthians 13:13. These are said to perfect one's love of God and Man and also to harmonize and partake of prudence. ==Virtue and vice== The opposite of a virtue is a vice. One way of organizing the vices is as the corruption of the virtues. Thus the cardinal vices would be folly, venality, cowardice and lust. The Christian theological vices would be blasphemy, despair, and hatred. However, as Aristotle noted, the virtues can have several opposites. Virtues can be considered the mean between two extremes. For instance, both cowardice and rashness are opposites of courage; contrary to prudence are both over-caution and insufficient caution. A more "modern" virtue, tolerance, can be considered the mean between the two extremes of narrow-mindedness on the one hand and soft-headedness on the other. Vices can therefore be identified as the opposites of virtues, but with the caveat that each virtue could have many different opposites, all distinct from each other. ==Virtue in Chinese philosophy== Virtue (translated as "de" 德) is also an important concept in Chinese philosophies such as Confucianism and Taoism. Chinese virtues include humanity, xiao usually translated as filial piety, and zhong meaning loyalty. One important normative value in much of Chinese thinking is that one's social status should be the result of the amount of virtue that one could demonstrate rather than by one's birth. In the ''Analects'', Confucius stated that perfect virtue consists of the global practice of five things: gravity, generosity of soul, sincerity, earnestness, and kindness. ==Occurrences of the word 'Virtue'== *"For this very reason make every effort to supplement your faith with virtue (arete) and virtue (arete) with knowledge, and knowledge with self-control (temperance) and self-control with steadfastness, etc." New Testament, II Peter 1.5-7. ==References== #''New Catholic Encyclopedia'', Catholic University of America, 1967. pg 704. ==See also== *Paideia *Intellectual virtues *Chivalry *Knightly Virtues *Bushido *Virtues of Ultima *morality *ethics *goodness *value theory *consequentialism *social justice *piety *virtue ethics *aretaic turn *Seven Deadly Sins *Three theological virtues. *epistemic virtue *Forty-nine charismatic virtues ==External links== * [http://www.thefourvirtues.com The Four Virtues] * [http://www.metamind.us/virtues The Virtues Project] [http://www.VirtueScience.com VirtueScience.com] ==Bibliography== *The Book of Virtues William J. Bennett (containing stories about a list of ten virtues) ISBN 0671683063 Core issues in ethicsVirtue
Anyone got a reference for the 49 virtues? I never heard of them, and the highest Google reference is Wiki itself. User:DJ Clayworth 20:59, 24 Nov 2003 (UTC) Found it. http://www.covenantcenter.org/writings/gifts.htm User:DJ Clayworth 21:06, 24 Nov 2003 (UTC) :The page refered to seems to be an exposition of the teachings of a particular (and may I say obscure) branch of the christian church. If such teaching is the basis of the list in Virtue#The Christian virtues (and it seems to be, with variations), then I suggest that the list be removed from Virtue. If the contributor wishes to put it into a seperate page (for example 'Teachings of the Covenant of Peace Church', then so be it. Several other articles linked fom the list also need to be reverted, in my opinion, for example Boldness. See my question to the contributor on User talk:Dbabbitt. User:Petermanchester 23:25, 24 Nov 2003 (UTC) :If I were to add User:Petermanchester#The Ten Wisdoms of Apathyology to the article about wisdom, then my point might be better illustrated. I would consider that to be vandalism, however. User:Petermanchester 23:44, 24 Nov 2003 (UTC) :The choice of 49 (rather than 48 or 50) virtues, (7 for each of the 7 'Gifts of the Holy Spirit') seems to be motivated by a perceived need for numerical neatness (49 is a square number), and is therefore essentially arbitrary. How they arrived at each of the 49 particular virtues in order to make up the required number is anyone's guess. User:Petermanchester 23:51, 24 Nov 2003 (UTC) :The content in question has now been moved to Forty-nine charismatic virtues. User:Petermanchester 00:16, 25 Nov 2003 (UTC) Nice work Peter. User:DJ Clayworth 14:16, 25 Nov 2003 (UTC) Thanx for the merciless editing, Peter. It is refreshing to see this ordering scheme finally put into some context. It makes it much easier to work on, too. I first saw these in a Bill Gothard publication in the early 90's and have been trying lately to find their origins. Preaching notes don't come with references. :-) User:Dbabbitt 13:22, 30 Nov 2003 (UTC) Who the fuck wrote "The word αρετη is derived from the Greek arete (αρετη)."??
This is a list of the Classical antiquity and Christian virtues. Classical studiesCore issues in ethicsVice
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
Words begining with Virtue:
Virtue
Virtue
Virtue
Virtues
Virtues_Of_Harmony
Virtues_of_Harmony
Virtues_of_Harmony
Virtues_Of_Harmony_2
Virtues_of_Harmony_2
Virtues_Of_Harmony_II
Virtues_of_Harmony_II
Virtues_of_Ultima
Virtue_(angel)
Virtue_(economics)
Virtue_epistemology
Virtue_Ethics
Virtue_ethics
Virtue_ethics
Virtue_Jurisprudence
Virtue_jurisprudence
Virtue_Rewarded
Virtue_word
Virtue_word
Virtue
Virtue (Greek language ''αρετη''; Latin ''virtus'') is the habitual, well-established, readiness or disposition of man's powers directing them to some goodness of act. (1) Virtue is moral excellence of a man or a woman. The word αρετη is derived from the Greek Arete (excellence) (αρετη). As applied to humans, a virtue is a goodness character trait. The Latin word ''virtus'' literally means "manliness," from ''vir'', "man" in the masculine sense; and referred originally to masculine, warlike virtues such as courage. In one of the many irony of etymology, in English language the word ''virtue'' is often used to refer to a woman's chastity. In the Greek it is more properly called ''ηθικη αρετη''. It is "habitual excellence". It is something practised at all times. The virtue of perseverance is needed for all and any virtue since it is a habit of character and must be used continuously in order for any person to maintain oneself in virtue. ==The four virtues== The four classic Western "cardinal" virtues are: *prudence/wisdom *justice *fortitude/courage *temperance (virtue) ==Virtue in the Western philosophical tradition== The list of Western virtues goes back at least as far as Plato, in ''Plato's Republic''. A more comprehensive set of virtues is found in Aristotle's ''Nicomachean Ethics''. The notion of virtue was a commonplace in ancient philosophy, and because of its adoption by Cicero, was widely accepted by Christian philosophers and became a staple of Catholic theology. ==The unity of the virtues== Classically, some philosophers, most notably Aristotle, said that in order to pursue any of these virtues perfectly, one would have to master them all. He defines dianoethic (built by rationality; νουσ των αρxων - understanding of substance, επιστημη - science, σοφια - wisdom, τεxνη - practical craft, φρονεσιs - practical mind) and ethic (built by custom; main: ανδρεια - courage, σoφρoσυνη - temperance; property-based: ελευεθεριoτηs - generosity, μεγαλoπρoπεια - goodwilling; honor-based: μεγαλoπσυxια - pride, φιλoτινια - assertivity, πραoτηs - control of anger; social: ευτραπελια - wittiness, αλεθεια - truthfulness, φιλια - friendliness; political: δικαιoσυνη - justice) virtues. For example, in order to be just, one must be wise. The thesis of ''the unity of the virtues'' is controversial. One might argue that humans can be courageous without being wise, or good tempered without being just. ==Prudence and virtue== Seneca the Younger, the Roman Stoic said that perfect prudence is indistinguishable from perfect virtue. His point was that if you take the longest view, and consider all the consequences, in the end, a perfectly prudent person would act in the same way as a perfectly virtuous person. Many people have found it valuable to determine how each of the virtues is prudent, as well as how they harmonize. ==The Christian virtues== In Christianity, the three theological virtues are faith, hope and charity, a list which comes from 1 Corinthians 13:13. These are said to perfect one's love of God and Man and also to harmonize and partake of prudence. ==Virtue and vice== The opposite of a virtue is a vice. One way of organizing the vices is as the corruption of the virtues. Thus the cardinal vices would be folly, venality, cowardice and lust. The Christian theological vices would be blasphemy, despair, and hatred. However, as Aristotle noted, the virtues can have several opposites. Virtues can be considered the mean between two extremes. For instance, both cowardice and rashness are opposites of courage; contrary to prudence are both over-caution and insufficient caution. A more "modern" virtue, tolerance, can be considered the mean between the two extremes of narrow-mindedness on the one hand and soft-headedness on the other. Vices can therefore be identified as the opposites of virtues, but with the caveat that each virtue could have many different opposites, all distinct from each other. ==Virtue in Chinese philosophy== Virtue (translated as "de" 德) is also an important concept in Chinese philosophies such as Confucianism and Taoism. Chinese virtues include humanity, xiao usually translated as filial piety, and zhong meaning loyalty. One important normative value in much of Chinese thinking is that one's social status should be the result of the amount of virtue that one could demonstrate rather than by one's birth. In the ''Analects'', Confucius stated that perfect virtue consists of the global practice of five things: gravity, generosity of soul, sincerity, earnestness, and kindness. ==Occurrences of the word 'Virtue'== *"For this very reason make every effort to supplement your faith with virtue (arete) and virtue (arete) with knowledge, and knowledge with self-control (temperance) and self-control with steadfastness, etc." New Testament, II Peter 1.5-7. ==References== #''New Catholic Encyclopedia'', Catholic University of America, 1967. pg 704. ==See also== *Paideia *Intellectual virtues *Chivalry *Knightly Virtues *Bushido *Virtues of Ultima *morality *ethics *goodness *value theory *consequentialism *social justice *piety *virtue ethics *aretaic turn *Seven Deadly Sins *Three theological virtues. *epistemic virtue *Forty-nine charismatic virtues ==External links== * [http://www.thefourvirtues.com The Four Virtues] * [http://www.metamind.us/virtues The Virtues Project] [http://www.VirtueScience.com VirtueScience.com] ==Bibliography== *The Book of Virtues William J. Bennett (containing stories about a list of ten virtues) ISBN 0671683063 Core issues in ethicsVirtue
Virtue
Anyone got a reference for the 49 virtues? I never heard of them, and the highest Google reference is Wiki itself. User:DJ Clayworth 20:59, 24 Nov 2003 (UTC) Found it. http://www.covenantcenter.org/writings/gifts.htm User:DJ Clayworth 21:06, 24 Nov 2003 (UTC) :The page refered to seems to be an exposition of the teachings of a particular (and may I say obscure) branch of the christian church. If such teaching is the basis of the list in Virtue#The Christian virtues (and it seems to be, with variations), then I suggest that the list be removed from Virtue. If the contributor wishes to put it into a seperate page (for example 'Teachings of the Covenant of Peace Church', then so be it. Several other articles linked fom the list also need to be reverted, in my opinion, for example Boldness. See my question to the contributor on User talk:Dbabbitt. User:Petermanchester 23:25, 24 Nov 2003 (UTC) :If I were to add User:Petermanchester#The Ten Wisdoms of Apathyology to the article about wisdom, then my point might be better illustrated. I would consider that to be vandalism, however. User:Petermanchester 23:44, 24 Nov 2003 (UTC) :The choice of 49 (rather than 48 or 50) virtues, (7 for each of the 7 'Gifts of the Holy Spirit') seems to be motivated by a perceived need for numerical neatness (49 is a square number), and is therefore essentially arbitrary. How they arrived at each of the 49 particular virtues in order to make up the required number is anyone's guess. User:Petermanchester 23:51, 24 Nov 2003 (UTC) :The content in question has now been moved to Forty-nine charismatic virtues. User:Petermanchester 00:16, 25 Nov 2003 (UTC) Nice work Peter. User:DJ Clayworth 14:16, 25 Nov 2003 (UTC) Thanx for the merciless editing, Peter. It is refreshing to see this ordering scheme finally put into some context. It makes it much easier to work on, too. I first saw these in a Bill Gothard publication in the early 90's and have been trying lately to find their origins. Preaching notes don't come with references. :-) User:Dbabbitt 13:22, 30 Nov 2003 (UTC) Who the fuck wrote "The word αρετη is derived from the Greek arete (αρετη)."??
Virtue
This is a list of the Classical antiquity and Christian virtues. Classical studiesCore issues in ethicsVice
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
V
Words begining with Virtue:
Virtue
Virtue
Virtue
Virtues
Virtues_Of_Harmony
Virtues_of_Harmony
Virtues_of_Harmony
Virtues_Of_Harmony_2
Virtues_of_Harmony_2
Virtues_Of_Harmony_II
Virtues_of_Harmony_II
Virtues_of_Ultima
Virtue_(angel)
Virtue_(economics)
Virtue_epistemology
Virtue_Ethics
Virtue_ethics
Virtue_ethics
Virtue_Jurisprudence
Virtue_jurisprudence
Virtue_Rewarded
Virtue_word
Virtue_word
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