
A verb is a part of speech that usually denotes action ("bring", "read"), occurrence ("to decompose" (itself), "to glitter"), or a state of being ("exist", "live", "soak", "stand"). Depending on the language, a verb may vary in form according to many factors, possibly including its grammatical tense, grammatical aspect, grammatical mood and grammatical voice. It may also agree with the grammatical person, grammatical gender, and/or grammatical number of some of its arguments (what we usually call subject, object, etc.). ==Valency== The number of arguments that a verb takes is called its valency, or valence. According to valency, a verb can be classified as one of: * Intransitive verb (valency = 1): the verb only has a subject. For example: "he runs", "it falls". * transitive verb (valency = 2): the verb has a subject and a direct object. For example: "she eats fish", "we hunt rabbits". * Ditransitive verb (valency = 3): the verb has a subject, a direct object and an indirect or secondary object. For example: "I gave her a book", "She sent flowers to me". It's possible to have verbs with valency = 0. A few of these appear in Spanish language and other languages and may be termed "impersonal verbs". For example: ''Llueve'' = "It rains". A similar type of verb, the weather verb, exists in English language, but its non-pro-drop language nature requires that a dummy pronoun be used. English verbs are often flexible with regards to valency. A transitive verb can often drop its object and become intransitive; or an intransitive verb can be added an object and become transitive. Compare: * ''I gave.'' (intransitive) * ''I gave blood.'' (transitive) * ''I gave blood for John.'' (ditransitive) In the first example, the verb ''give'' describes the idea of giving, in the abstract; in the second, what was given is specified; in the third, both the gift and the recipient are set forth. In many languages other than English, such valency changes aren't possible like this; the verb must instead be inflected for voice in order to change the valency. == Copula == A copula is a word that is used to describe its subject, or to equate or liken the subject with its predicate. In many languages, copulas are a special kind of verb, sometimes called ''copulative verbs'' or ''linking verbs''. Because copulas do not describe actions being performed, they are usually analysed outside the transitive/intransitive distinction. The most basic copula in English is ''to be''; there are others (''remain'', ''seem'', ''grow'', ''become'', etc.). Some languages (the Semitic language family, Russian language, Chinese language, Sanskrit language, and others) can omit the simple copula equivalent of "to be", especially in the present tense. In these languages a noun and adjective pair (or two nouns) can constitute a complete sentence. This construction is called ''zero copula''. == Verbal noun and verbal adjective == Most languages have a number of verbal nouns that describe the action of the verb. In Indo-European languages, there are several kinds of verbal nouns, including gerunds, infinitives, and supines. English has gerunds, such as ''seeing'', and infinitives such as ''to see''; they both can function as nouns; ''seeing is believing'' is roughly equivalent in meaning with ''to see is to believe.'' These terms are sometimes applied to verbal nouns of non-Indo-European languages. In the Indo-European languages, verbal adjectives are generally called participles. English has an active voice participle, also called a present participle; and a passive voice participle, also called a past participle. The active participle of ''give'' is ''giving'', and the passive participle is ''given''. The active participle describes nouns that are wont to do the action given in the verb, e.g. ''a giving person''. The passive participle describes nouns that have been the subject of the action of the verb, e.g. ''given money''. Other languages apply tense and aspect to participles, and possess a larger number of them with more distinct shades of meaning. ==Agreement== In languages where the verb is inflected, it often agrees with its primary argument (what we tend to call the subject) in person, number and/or gender. English only shows distinctive agreement in the third person singular, present tense form of verbs (which is marked by adding "-s"); the rest of the persons are not distinguished in the verb. Spanish inflects verbs for tense/mood/aspect and they agree in person and number (but not gender) with the subject. Japanese language, in turn, inflects verbs for many more categories, but shows absolutely no agreement with the subject. Basque language, Georgian language, and some other languages, have ''polypersonal agreement'': the verb agrees with the subject, the direct object and even the secondary object if present. ==See also== * Linguistics, grammar, syntax, phrase structure rules * grammatical tense, grammatical aspect, grammatical mood, grammatical voice * Verb framing * English verbs * Irregular verb * Reflexive verb * Auxiliary verb * Light verb * Le Train de Nulle Part: A 233-page book without a single verb. *[http://www.verba.org] Universal Conjugator Parts of speech fo:Sagnorð simple:Verb
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
Words begining with Verb:
Verb
Verb-particle_construction
Verb-Second
Verb-Subject-Object_word_order
Verb.Minx
Verbal
Verbalcontract
Verbalcontract
VerbalHerbal
VerbalHerbal
Verbalicious
Verbally_binding
Verbal_agreement
Verbal_arithmetic
Verbal_arithmetic
Verbal_auxiliaries
Verbal_Behavior
Verbal_Behavior
Verbal_Behaviour
Verbal_behaviour
Verbal_communication
Verbal_contract
Verbal_contracts
Verbal_fallacy
Verbal_Fridge_Dialogue
Verbal_humiliation
Verbal_irony
Verbal_Kint
Verbal_noun
Verbal_offence
Verbal_Remixes_&_Collaborations
Verbandsgemeinde
Verbandsgemeinden
Verband_der_Elektrotechnik,_Elektronik_und_Informationstechnik
Verband_der_Unabhängigen
Verbano-Cusio-Ossola
Verbano-Cusio-Ossola_Province
Verbascum
Verbascum_sinuatum.jpg
Verbascum_thapsus
Verbascum_thapsus_1.jpg
Verbascum_thapsus_2.jpg
Verbász
Verbatim
Verbatim
Verbatim_copying
Verbatim_copying
Verbatim_Corporation
Verbatim_Limited
Verbeeg
Verbeegs
Verbeia
Verbena
Verbenaceae
Verbena_(fair)
Verbena_(genus)
Verbena_(Mage:_the_Ascension)
Verbena_(World_of_Darkness)
Verbena_hastata.jpg
Verbena_simplex.jpg
Verbena_Tragica
Verbiest
Verbijre
Verbina
Verbing
Verbing
Verbose
Verbosus
Verboten
Verboten
Verboten.jpg
Verboten_Bohdan_Arct.jpg
Verbs
Verbs_conjugation_(portuguese)
Verbti
Verbumcaro.ogg
Verbum_dicendi
Verbum_vanum
Verbunko
Verbunkos
Verb_applicative
Verb_argument
Verb_argument
Verb_conjugation
Verb_framing
Verb_Object_Subject
Verb_Object_Subject
Verb_object_subject
Verb_particle
Verb_phrase
Verb_serialization
Verb_Subject_Object
Verb_Subject_Object
Verb_subject_object
Verb_substantive
Verb_types
Verb
A verb is a part of speech that usually denotes action ("bring", "read"), occurrence ("to decompose" (itself), "to glitter"), or a state of being ("exist", "live", "soak", "stand"). Depending on the language, a verb may vary in form according to many factors, possibly including its grammatical tense, grammatical aspect, grammatical mood and grammatical voice. It may also agree with the grammatical person, grammatical gender, and/or grammatical number of some of its arguments (what we usually call subject, object, etc.). ==Valency== The number of arguments that a verb takes is called its valency, or valence. According to valency, a verb can be classified as one of: * Intransitive verb (valency = 1): the verb only has a subject. For example: "he runs", "it falls". * transitive verb (valency = 2): the verb has a subject and a direct object. For example: "she eats fish", "we hunt rabbits". * Ditransitive verb (valency = 3): the verb has a subject, a direct object and an indirect or secondary object. For example: "I gave her a book", "She sent flowers to me". It's possible to have verbs with valency = 0. A few of these appear in Spanish language and other languages and may be termed "impersonal verbs". For example: ''Llueve'' = "It rains". A similar type of verb, the weather verb, exists in English language, but its non-pro-drop language nature requires that a dummy pronoun be used. English verbs are often flexible with regards to valency. A transitive verb can often drop its object and become intransitive; or an intransitive verb can be added an object and become transitive. Compare: * ''I gave.'' (intransitive) * ''I gave blood.'' (transitive) * ''I gave blood for John.'' (ditransitive) In the first example, the verb ''give'' describes the idea of giving, in the abstract; in the second, what was given is specified; in the third, both the gift and the recipient are set forth. In many languages other than English, such valency changes aren't possible like this; the verb must instead be inflected for voice in order to change the valency. == Copula == A copula is a word that is used to describe its subject, or to equate or liken the subject with its predicate. In many languages, copulas are a special kind of verb, sometimes called ''copulative verbs'' or ''linking verbs''. Because copulas do not describe actions being performed, they are usually analysed outside the transitive/intransitive distinction. The most basic copula in English is ''to be''; there are others (''remain'', ''seem'', ''grow'', ''become'', etc.). Some languages (the Semitic language family, Russian language, Chinese language, Sanskrit language, and others) can omit the simple copula equivalent of "to be", especially in the present tense. In these languages a noun and adjective pair (or two nouns) can constitute a complete sentence. This construction is called ''zero copula''. == Verbal noun and verbal adjective == Most languages have a number of verbal nouns that describe the action of the verb. In Indo-European languages, there are several kinds of verbal nouns, including gerunds, infinitives, and supines. English has gerunds, such as ''seeing'', and infinitives such as ''to see''; they both can function as nouns; ''seeing is believing'' is roughly equivalent in meaning with ''to see is to believe.'' These terms are sometimes applied to verbal nouns of non-Indo-European languages. In the Indo-European languages, verbal adjectives are generally called participles. English has an active voice participle, also called a present participle; and a passive voice participle, also called a past participle. The active participle of ''give'' is ''giving'', and the passive participle is ''given''. The active participle describes nouns that are wont to do the action given in the verb, e.g. ''a giving person''. The passive participle describes nouns that have been the subject of the action of the verb, e.g. ''given money''. Other languages apply tense and aspect to participles, and possess a larger number of them with more distinct shades of meaning. ==Agreement== In languages where the verb is inflected, it often agrees with its primary argument (what we tend to call the subject) in person, number and/or gender. English only shows distinctive agreement in the third person singular, present tense form of verbs (which is marked by adding "-s"); the rest of the persons are not distinguished in the verb. Spanish inflects verbs for tense/mood/aspect and they agree in person and number (but not gender) with the subject. Japanese language, in turn, inflects verbs for many more categories, but shows absolutely no agreement with the subject. Basque language, Georgian language, and some other languages, have ''polypersonal agreement'': the verb agrees with the subject, the direct object and even the secondary object if present. ==See also== * Linguistics, grammar, syntax, phrase structure rules * grammatical tense, grammatical aspect, grammatical mood, grammatical voice * Verb framing * English verbs * Irregular verb * Reflexive verb * Auxiliary verb * Light verb * Le Train de Nulle Part: A 233-page book without a single verb. *[http://www.verba.org] Universal Conjugator Parts of speech fo:Sagnorð simple:Verb
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
V
Words begining with Verb:
Verb
Verb-particle_construction
Verb-Second
Verb-Subject-Object_word_order
Verb.Minx
Verbal
Verbalcontract
Verbalcontract
VerbalHerbal
VerbalHerbal
Verbalicious
Verbally_binding
Verbal_agreement
Verbal_arithmetic
Verbal_arithmetic
Verbal_auxiliaries
Verbal_Behavior
Verbal_Behavior
Verbal_Behaviour
Verbal_behaviour
Verbal_communication
Verbal_contract
Verbal_contracts
Verbal_fallacy
Verbal_Fridge_Dialogue
Verbal_humiliation
Verbal_irony
Verbal_Kint
Verbal_noun
Verbal_offence
Verbal_Remixes_&_Collaborations
Verbandsgemeinde
Verbandsgemeinden
Verband_der_Elektrotechnik,_Elektronik_und_Informationstechnik
Verband_der_Unabhängigen
Verbano-Cusio-Ossola
Verbano-Cusio-Ossola_Province
Verbascum
Verbascum_sinuatum.jpg
Verbascum_thapsus
Verbascum_thapsus_1.jpg
Verbascum_thapsus_2.jpg
Verbász
Verbatim
Verbatim
Verbatim_copying
Verbatim_copying
Verbatim_Corporation
Verbatim_Limited
Verbeeg
Verbeegs
Verbeia
Verbena
Verbenaceae
Verbena_(fair)
Verbena_(genus)
Verbena_(Mage:_the_Ascension)
Verbena_(World_of_Darkness)
Verbena_hastata.jpg
Verbena_simplex.jpg
Verbena_Tragica
Verbiest
Verbijre
Verbina
Verbing
Verbing
Verbose
Verbosus
Verboten
Verboten
Verboten.jpg
Verboten_Bohdan_Arct.jpg
Verbs
Verbs_conjugation_(portuguese)
Verbti
Verbumcaro.ogg
Verbum_dicendi
Verbum_vanum
Verbunko
Verbunkos
Verb_applicative
Verb_argument
Verb_argument
Verb_conjugation
Verb_framing
Verb_Object_Subject
Verb_Object_Subject
Verb_object_subject
Verb_particle
Verb_phrase
Verb_serialization
Verb_Subject_Object
Verb_Subject_Object
Verb_subject_object
Verb_substantive
Verb_types
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