
:''See Utopia (disambiguation) for other meanings of this word'' Utopia, in its most common and general meaning, refers to a hypothetical perfect society. It has also been used to describe actual communities founded in attempts to create such a society. The adjective utopian is often used to refer to good but (physically, socially, economically, or politically) impossible proposals, or at least ones that are very difficult to implement. A utopia can be either idealism or practical, but the term has acquired a strong connotation of optimistic, idealistic, impossible perfection. The utopia may be usefully contrasted with the undesirable dystopia (anti-utopia) and the Satire. == Origin of the term == The term Utopia was coined by Thomas More as the title of his Latin literature book ''De Optimo Reipublicae Statu deque Nova Insula Utopia'' (circa 1516), known more commonly as Utopia. He created the word "utopia" to suggest two Greek language neologisms simultaneously: ''outopia'' (no place) and ''eutopia'' (good place). In this original context, the word carried none of the modern connotations associated with it. More depicts a rationally organised society, through the narration of an explorer who discovers it - Raphael Hythlodaeus. Utopia is a republic where all property is held in common. In addition, it has few laws, no lawyers and rarely sends its citizens to war, but hires mercenary from among its war-prone neighbours. It is likely that More, a religious layman who once considered joining the Church as a priest, was inspired by monk life when he described the workings of his society. More lived during the age when the Renaissance was beginning to assert itself in England, and the old medieval ideals – including the monastic ideal – were declining. Some of More's ideas reflect a nostalgia for that medieval past. It was an inspiration for the ''Reducciones'' established by the Jesuits to Christianize and "civilize" the Guaranis. ===Other terms=== *Eutopia is a positive ''utopia'', roughly equivalent to the regular use of the word "utopia". *Dystopia is a negative utopia. *Heterotopia, the "other place", with its real and imagined possibilities (a mix of "utopian" escapism and turning virtual possibilities into reality) - example: cyberspace. Other subcategories include Arcadia (utopia)s and Cockaygnes. Ruth Levitas is one who has developed such a categorisation. ==Economic utopias== Particularly in the early nineteenth century, several utopian ideas arose, often in response to the social disruption created by the development of commercialism and capitalism. These are often grouped in a greater "utopian socialism" movement, due to their shared characteristics: an egalitarian distribution of goods, frequently with the total abolition of money, and citizens only doing labour (economics) which they enjoy and which is for the common good, leaving them with ample time for the cultivation of the arts and sciences. One classic example of such an utopia was Edward Bellamy's ''Looking Backward.'' Another socialist utopia is William Morris' ''News from Nowhere'', written partially in response to the top-down (bureaucratic) nature of Bellamy's utopia, which Morris criticized. However, as time passed and the socialist movement matured, utopianism was discarded. Socialists grounded their ideas firmly in what they saw as the realities of the age; among the different emerging socialist currents, Marxism became by far the harshest critic of utopian socialism. (for more information see the History of Socialism article) Utopias have also been imagined by the opposite side of the political spectrum. For example, Robert Heinlein's ''The Moon is a Harsh Mistress'' is an individualism and libertarian utopia. Capitalist utopias of this sort are generally based on free market economies, in which there is no market failure—or the issue is never addressed. ==Political and historical utopias== A global utopia of world peace is often seen as one of the possible inevitable end of history. Sparta was a militarism utopia founded by Lycurgus (though some, especially Athens, may have thought it was rather a dystopia). It was a Greek power (international) until its defeat by the Thebes (Greece) at the battle of Leuctra. ==Religious utopias== The Christianity and Islam ideas of heaven tend to be utopian, especially in their folk religion: inviting speculation about existence free of sin and poverty or any sorrow, beyond the power of death (although "heaven" in Christian eschatology at least, is more nearly equivalent to life within God Himself, visualized as an earth-like paradise in the sky). In a similar sense, the Buddhism concept of Nirvana may be thought of as a kind of utopia. religion utopias, perhaps expansively described as a garden of delights, existence free of worry amid streets paved with gold, in a bliss of enlightenment enjoying nearly godlike powers, are often a reason for perceiving benefit in remaining faithful to a religion, and an incentive for religious conversion new members. In the United States during the Second Great Awakening of the nineteenth century, many radical religious groups formed utopian societies. They sought to form communities where all aspects of people's lives could be governed by their faith. Among the best-known of these utopian societies was the Shakers movement. The largest such movement was Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints' settlement in Utah after 1846 (See Mormon Pioneer). ''See also:'' End of the world (religion), Eschatology, Millennialism, Utopianism ==Scientific and technological utopias== These are set in the future, when it is believed that advanced science and technology will allow utopian living standards; for example, the absence of death and suffering; changes in human nature and the human condition. In place of the static perfection of a utopia, libertarian transhumanists envision an "extropianism", an open, evolving society allowing individuals and voluntary groupings to form the institutions and social forms they prefer. One notable example of a technological and libertarian socialist utopia is Scottish author The Culture. ''See also:'' hedonistic imperative, transhumanism, technological singularity, abolitionist society Opposing this optimism is the prediction that advanced science and technology will, through deliberate misuse or accident, cause humanity's extinction. These pessimism advocate precautionary principle over embracement of new technology. ==Webgame Utopia== Utopia is the name of a popular, free, textbased MMORPG online game. It has over 50,000 players divided over three servers; World of Legends, Battlefields and Genesis. World of Legends is the most popular, followed by Battlefields, which is seen as the more competitive server. Genesis is an experimental server, and will often have very different rules than the other two. A player may only have one account on either of the two main servers, and an additional one on Genesis. Each player is given a province to rule and is placed in a kingdom with up to 24 other provinces. Each kingdom will also elect a monarch to organize the kingdom. The game is divided into "ages", lasting 2-3 months each. At the end of each age, a player will be offered to stay with his or her kingdom, and many players have stayed in the same kingdom for several years. At the start of a new round, all provinces are reset and the game starts over, often with a number of changes. Unlike the ideal utopia, the utopia game has war as its purpose. While most kingdoms are fairly democratic, it is ultimately the monarchs responsibility to deal with inter-kingdom diplomacy. War offers a kingdom a chance to grow and become stronger, but it will also risk losing against a stronger or better organized kingdom. Kingdoms and provinces are ranked based on honor, land, and networth. Utopia was created by Swirve in 1998 (at the time known as Solaria Games). [http://games.swirve.com/earth Earth: 2025] is another game they have created. More information on this game can be found [http://www.theobsessivemessenger.com/page3.html here], or at the [http://games.swirve.com/utopia official site]. ==Examples== *''Plato's Republic'' (400 BC) was, at least on one level, a description of a political utopia ruled by an elite of philosopher kings, conceived by Plato. [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/150 a Gutenburg text of the book] *''The City of God'' (written 413–426) by Augustine of Hippo, describes an ideal city, the "eternal" Jerusalem, the archetype of all "Christian" utopias. *''Utopia (Novel)'' (1516) by Thomas More [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/2130 a Gutenburg text of the book] *''The Anatomy of Melancholy'' (1621) by Robert Burton (scholar), a utopian society is described in the preface. *''The City of the Sun'' (1623) by Tommaso Campanella *''The New Atlantis'' (1627) by Francis Bacon *''Oceana'' (1656) by James Harrington *The section in ''Gullivers Travels'' (1726) by Jonathan Swift depicting the calm, rational society of the Houyhnhms, is certainly utopian, but it is meant to contrast with that of the Yahoo, who represent the worst that the human race can do. *''Voyage en Icarie'' (1840) by Etienne Cabet *''Erewhon'' (1872) by Samuel Butler (1835-1902) *''Looking Backward'' (1888), by Edward Bellamy *''Freiland'' (1890) by Theodor Hertzka *''News from Nowhere'' (1891), by William Morris; see also the Arts and Crafts Movement founded to put his ideas into practice [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/3261 a Gutenberg text of the book] *''Utopia, Limited'' (1893) is a Gilbert and Sullivan operetta in which a small island nation reforms itself along British lines, with amusingly utter success. *''Intermere'' (1901) by Wiliam Alexander Taylor. *A large number of books by H.G. Wells, including ''A Modern Utopia'' (1905) *''Herland'' (1915), by Charlotte Perkins Gilman; an exclusively female utopia and its journey towards "bi-sexuality" as presented by one of three male explorers who "discover" the country. *Aldous Huxley's ''Brave New World'' (1932) can be considered an example of pseudo-utopian satire (see also dystopia). One of his other books, ''Island (novel)'' (1962), demonstrates a positive utopia. *''Islandia'' (1942), by Austin Tappan Wright *B. F. Skinner's ''Walden Two'' (1948) * The Cloud of Magellan (1955) by Stanislaw Lem * Andromeda Nebula (1957) is a classic communist utopia by Ivan Efremov * ''Star Trek'' (1966) science fiction television series by Gene Roddenberry *''The Dispossessed'' (1974), a science fiction novel by Ursula K. Le Guin, is sometimes said to represent one of the few modern revivals of the utopian genre, though it is notable that one of the major themes of the work is the ambiguity of different notions of utopia. Le Guin presents a utopian world in which ditches do need digging, and sewers need unblocking — this drudgery is divided among all adults, and is contrasted, in the language of the utopia, with their everyday, more satisfying work. * ''Woman on the Edge of Time'' (1976) by Marge Piercy is a feminism science fiction novel in which the protagonist must act to win the utopian future over an alternative, dystopia , one. * ''Ecotopia (novel)'' (1975) by Ernest Callenbach * The ''Three Californias Trilogy'' (especially ''The Pacific Edge'' (1990)) and the ''Mars trilogy'' by Kim Stanley Robinson *''The Giver'' (1993), a novel by Lois Lowry, depicts a "perfect" society of the far future whose elimination of war, disease, fear, &c. comes at the inherent price of the repression of human emotions, individuality and free will. * most of the stories in ''Future Primitive - The New Ecotopias'' (1994), edited by Kim Stanley Robinson * ''Hedonistic imperative'' (1996), an online manifesto by David Pearce, outlines how genetic engineering and nanotechnology will abolish suffering in all sentient life. * ''The Kin of Ata Are Waiting for You'' (1997) by Dorothy Bryant * ''The Matrix'' (1999), a film by the Wachowski brothers, describes a virtual reality controlled by artificial intelligence such as Agent Smith. Smith says that the first Matrix was a utopia, but humans disbelieved and rejected it because they "define their reality through misery and suffering." Therefore, the Matrix was redesigned to simulate human civilization with all its suffering. * ''Equilibrium (2002 movie)'' (2002), is a film and describes a future in which feelings are forbidden. *''Xen: Ancient English Edition'', (2004) is a novel about a true Utopia, with a bias toward Matriarchy, in the distant future of Earth, "translated" by D.J. Solomon * ''Ensaio sobre a Lucidez'' ("Treatise on Lucidity") by José Saramago (2004), describes a city where there is 83% of blank votes at an election. * ''Globus Cassus'', (2004), is a project for the transformation of the Earth into a large, hollow structure inhabited on the inside, which would be organised by new types of societies and political systems. * ''Dinotopia'', (1992) originally an illustrated book and now expanded into other media, is about an island where humans and dinosaurs coexist peacefully. Most are vegetarian, trade has replaced currency, and nature is carefully protected. However, it's inescapable, and some are displeased by this lifestyle, so one character points out that the word "Dinotopia" doesn't mean "a utopia of dinosaurs," it means "a terrible place." ==See also== *Utopian and dystopian fiction * abolitionism * atopia * Brutopia * cacotopia * ecotopia * El Dorado (myth) * Eutopia * Heaven * Heterotopia - physical locale set apart from traditional public life where rules and expectations are suspended, often to address moments of crisis or deviance, developed by Michel Foucault * Omnitopia - convergence of the Latin ''omnis'' for "all" or "universal[ly]" and the Greek ''topos'' for "place" (deriving from ''koinos topos'' for "common place") - an experience of place as the convergence of multiple spaces such that each individual "location" appears as a manifestation of the whole. * Utopia Planitia * Utopian socialism * Regional planning * Urban planning ==External links== * Full text of [http://www.gutenberg.net/etext/2130 Thomas More's Utopia] from Project Gutenberg * [http://www.bartleby.com/65/ut/Utopia.html Utopia - The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2001] * [http://www.uni-potsdam.de/u/anglistik/stud_pro/utopieseite/genre/utopia.html Utopia - Definition and History of the Term - The New Encyclopaedia Britannica] * [http://www.utoronto.ca/utopia/ Society for Utopian Studies] is the Main Page for the Society for Utopian Studies, an international, interdisciplinary association devoted to the study of utopianism in all its forms, with a particular emphasis on literary and experimental utopias. * [http://www.abolitionist-society.com/ The Abolitionist Society] is dedicated to the elimination of suffering through science Ethics Fictional countries Utopias Communalism Social philosophy la:Utopia
---- ( This list can't possibly be a complete one, but it's something to get started on. Do the :Shakers count as a utopian community? That whole portion of the 2nd Great Awakening is often called the Utopian Society movement. I don't know how accurate the term is, but it is in fact used. Could that be mentioned in the article? User:Fishal Robert Owen's New Lanark? And all those millenial cults of the middle ages? ) ---- Don't confuse a utopia with a commune. Utopian ideals are also not the same as a Utopia. As long as we have sewers that have to be unstopped, we'll never have a utopia.. (hmm. might make a nice .sig ) ---- More's Utopia even mentions the conveniences. Of course, in his day, they were chamber pots made of gold.... ---- A talk-type note moved out of article. User:Bky1701 08:11, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC) :''Note: The article Utopian and dystopian fiction is an old placekeeper with notes on various books and should be refactored into the Utopia and Dystopia articles.'' User:Mikkalai 03:30, 3 Nov 2004 (UTC) I read the Giver last year and it talked about Utopia ---- ==Death to false Utopia (Novel)s!== Alright, after noticing that there wasn't actually an article for Thomas More's Utopia (Novel) so I went through and fixed all the ones I could find in the list of pages linked to Utopia. I think I found them all, but if someone else wants a really crappy job they can re-check my work.--User_Talk:TheGrza">User:TheGrza|TheUser Talk:TheGrza 22:52, Nov 8, 2004 (UTC) == Why merge with Eutopia == theres a diffrence between the two, so why should they be mearged -------------------------- YEAH - I AGREE - I put up the article on "eutopia" because someone specifically requested for this word, even though "utopia" was up. And what's more, someone has put a link from "utopia" to "eutopia" which right now gives a redirect straight back to "utopia"... Utopia is "no-place", with a play-on-words between "no-place" and "good-place" (eutopia). In utopian studies literature, eutopia is distinguished from the broader phenomenon of utopia, as a specific type or genre of utopian writing/thinking dealing with social dreaming of better, perfected, and/or good societies, as opposed to the broader phenomenon which refers to social dreaming of any kinds of societies including dystopias, arcadias, etc. So can we have eutopia back please? == Omnitopiae == All right, I fixed up the bullet point which "defined" omnitopia, but for the life of me I can't figure out what the sentence is supposed to mean. Asking Google gives about 450 hits, most of which seem to be parts of adventure games' dungeon maps. (Nintendo apparently used the term in ''Secrets of Evermore,'' but a cursory inspection doesn't tell whether or not all uses stem from that source.) According to A. Wood's "[http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/oup/comthe/2003/00000013/00000003/art00324 A Rhetoric of Ubiquity]", :The places that describe us seem to be increasingly mobile. Not fixed for permanence, they are built for change. Within them, we stream atomized from space to space, finding the ever-present structure of these fluid locales difficult to discern. Analysis of this structure as a matrix of text and context demands a rhetorical approach and a guiding concept: ''omnitopia.'' :Omnitopia represents the construction and performance of geographically distinct spaces as perceptually ubiquitous place. ...and so on. While maintaining a higher coherency quotient than the Dada Engine's output, it still sounds like academic hyperbabble discussing things Chuck Palahniuk described much more fully. (Funnily enough, the article ''does'' cite ''Fight Club,'' but only as a movie.) I'm sure somebody has professional training in making this jargon make sense; if you do, please help me out. User:Anville 22:25, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC) ==Thomas More== We need an article on Thomas More's book.. currently [Utopia (Novel)] (It's not really a novel) redirects here. I dont have the background on the topic, but came here looking for info. --User:Stbalbach 15:01, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC) ==Dinotopia== Dinotopia should be on the "Example" list. == Utopian Socialism == I need someone to give me information about people who worked on utopian socialist ideals exactly like it is described in the Economic Utopias section, referring to Utopian Socialism.. thanx, Waldir (waldir@email.com) ==Utopia (game)== i believe that Utopia the game, given its long-running popularity and irrelevance to this article, should be given a separate article. --User:Plastictv 06:01, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)
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Utopia
:''See Utopia (disambiguation) for other meanings of this word'' Utopia, in its most common and general meaning, refers to a hypothetical perfect society. It has also been used to describe actual communities founded in attempts to create such a society. The adjective utopian is often used to refer to good but (physically, socially, economically, or politically) impossible proposals, or at least ones that are very difficult to implement. A utopia can be either idealism or practical, but the term has acquired a strong connotation of optimistic, idealistic, impossible perfection. The utopia may be usefully contrasted with the undesirable dystopia (anti-utopia) and the Satire. == Origin of the term == The term Utopia was coined by Thomas More as the title of his Latin literature book ''De Optimo Reipublicae Statu deque Nova Insula Utopia'' (circa 1516), known more commonly as Utopia. He created the word "utopia" to suggest two Greek language neologisms simultaneously: ''outopia'' (no place) and ''eutopia'' (good place). In this original context, the word carried none of the modern connotations associated with it. More depicts a rationally organised society, through the narration of an explorer who discovers it - Raphael Hythlodaeus. Utopia is a republic where all property is held in common. In addition, it has few laws, no lawyers and rarely sends its citizens to war, but hires mercenary from among its war-prone neighbours. It is likely that More, a religious layman who once considered joining the Church as a priest, was inspired by monk life when he described the workings of his society. More lived during the age when the Renaissance was beginning to assert itself in England, and the old medieval ideals – including the monastic ideal – were declining. Some of More's ideas reflect a nostalgia for that medieval past. It was an inspiration for the ''Reducciones'' established by the Jesuits to Christianize and "civilize" the Guaranis. ===Other terms=== *Eutopia is a positive ''utopia'', roughly equivalent to the regular use of the word "utopia". *Dystopia is a negative utopia. *Heterotopia, the "other place", with its real and imagined possibilities (a mix of "utopian" escapism and turning virtual possibilities into reality) - example: cyberspace. Other subcategories include Arcadia (utopia)s and Cockaygnes. Ruth Levitas is one who has developed such a categorisation. ==Economic utopias== Particularly in the early nineteenth century, several utopian ideas arose, often in response to the social disruption created by the development of commercialism and capitalism. These are often grouped in a greater "utopian socialism" movement, due to their shared characteristics: an egalitarian distribution of goods, frequently with the total abolition of money, and citizens only doing labour (economics) which they enjoy and which is for the common good, leaving them with ample time for the cultivation of the arts and sciences. One classic example of such an utopia was Edward Bellamy's ''Looking Backward.'' Another socialist utopia is William Morris' ''News from Nowhere'', written partially in response to the top-down (bureaucratic) nature of Bellamy's utopia, which Morris criticized. However, as time passed and the socialist movement matured, utopianism was discarded. Socialists grounded their ideas firmly in what they saw as the realities of the age; among the different emerging socialist currents, Marxism became by far the harshest critic of utopian socialism. (for more information see the History of Socialism article) Utopias have also been imagined by the opposite side of the political spectrum. For example, Robert Heinlein's ''The Moon is a Harsh Mistress'' is an individualism and libertarian utopia. Capitalist utopias of this sort are generally based on free market economies, in which there is no market failure—or the issue is never addressed. ==Political and historical utopias== A global utopia of world peace is often seen as one of the possible inevitable end of history. Sparta was a militarism utopia founded by Lycurgus (though some, especially Athens, may have thought it was rather a dystopia). It was a Greek power (international) until its defeat by the Thebes (Greece) at the battle of Leuctra. ==Religious utopias== The Christianity and Islam ideas of heaven tend to be utopian, especially in their folk religion: inviting speculation about existence free of sin and poverty or any sorrow, beyond the power of death (although "heaven" in Christian eschatology at least, is more nearly equivalent to life within God Himself, visualized as an earth-like paradise in the sky). In a similar sense, the Buddhism concept of Nirvana may be thought of as a kind of utopia. religion utopias, perhaps expansively described as a garden of delights, existence free of worry amid streets paved with gold, in a bliss of enlightenment enjoying nearly godlike powers, are often a reason for perceiving benefit in remaining faithful to a religion, and an incentive for religious conversion new members. In the United States during the Second Great Awakening of the nineteenth century, many radical religious groups formed utopian societies. They sought to form communities where all aspects of people's lives could be governed by their faith. Among the best-known of these utopian societies was the Shakers movement. The largest such movement was Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints' settlement in Utah after 1846 (See Mormon Pioneer). ''See also:'' End of the world (religion), Eschatology, Millennialism, Utopianism ==Scientific and technological utopias== These are set in the future, when it is believed that advanced science and technology will allow utopian living standards; for example, the absence of death and suffering; changes in human nature and the human condition. In place of the static perfection of a utopia, libertarian transhumanists envision an "extropianism", an open, evolving society allowing individuals and voluntary groupings to form the institutions and social forms they prefer. One notable example of a technological and libertarian socialist utopia is Scottish author The Culture. ''See also:'' hedonistic imperative, transhumanism, technological singularity, abolitionist society Opposing this optimism is the prediction that advanced science and technology will, through deliberate misuse or accident, cause humanity's extinction. These pessimism advocate precautionary principle over embracement of new technology. ==Webgame Utopia== Utopia is the name of a popular, free, textbased MMORPG online game. It has over 50,000 players divided over three servers; World of Legends, Battlefields and Genesis. World of Legends is the most popular, followed by Battlefields, which is seen as the more competitive server. Genesis is an experimental server, and will often have very different rules than the other two. A player may only have one account on either of the two main servers, and an additional one on Genesis. Each player is given a province to rule and is placed in a kingdom with up to 24 other provinces. Each kingdom will also elect a monarch to organize the kingdom. The game is divided into "ages", lasting 2-3 months each. At the end of each age, a player will be offered to stay with his or her kingdom, and many players have stayed in the same kingdom for several years. At the start of a new round, all provinces are reset and the game starts over, often with a number of changes. Unlike the ideal utopia, the utopia game has war as its purpose. While most kingdoms are fairly democratic, it is ultimately the monarchs responsibility to deal with inter-kingdom diplomacy. War offers a kingdom a chance to grow and become stronger, but it will also risk losing against a stronger or better organized kingdom. Kingdoms and provinces are ranked based on honor, land, and networth. Utopia was created by Swirve in 1998 (at the time known as Solaria Games). [http://games.swirve.com/earth Earth: 2025] is another game they have created. More information on this game can be found [http://www.theobsessivemessenger.com/page3.html here], or at the [http://games.swirve.com/utopia official site]. ==Examples== *''Plato's Republic'' (400 BC) was, at least on one level, a description of a political utopia ruled by an elite of philosopher kings, conceived by Plato. [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/150 a Gutenburg text of the book] *''The City of God'' (written 413–426) by Augustine of Hippo, describes an ideal city, the "eternal" Jerusalem, the archetype of all "Christian" utopias. *''Utopia (Novel)'' (1516) by Thomas More [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/2130 a Gutenburg text of the book] *''The Anatomy of Melancholy'' (1621) by Robert Burton (scholar), a utopian society is described in the preface. *''The City of the Sun'' (1623) by Tommaso Campanella *''The New Atlantis'' (1627) by Francis Bacon *''Oceana'' (1656) by James Harrington *The section in ''Gullivers Travels'' (1726) by Jonathan Swift depicting the calm, rational society of the Houyhnhms, is certainly utopian, but it is meant to contrast with that of the Yahoo, who represent the worst that the human race can do. *''Voyage en Icarie'' (1840) by Etienne Cabet *''Erewhon'' (1872) by Samuel Butler (1835-1902) *''Looking Backward'' (1888), by Edward Bellamy *''Freiland'' (1890) by Theodor Hertzka *''News from Nowhere'' (1891), by William Morris; see also the Arts and Crafts Movement founded to put his ideas into practice [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/3261 a Gutenberg text of the book] *''Utopia, Limited'' (1893) is a Gilbert and Sullivan operetta in which a small island nation reforms itself along British lines, with amusingly utter success. *''Intermere'' (1901) by Wiliam Alexander Taylor. *A large number of books by H.G. Wells, including ''A Modern Utopia'' (1905) *''Herland'' (1915), by Charlotte Perkins Gilman; an exclusively female utopia and its journey towards "bi-sexuality" as presented by one of three male explorers who "discover" the country. *Aldous Huxley's ''Brave New World'' (1932) can be considered an example of pseudo-utopian satire (see also dystopia). One of his other books, ''Island (novel)'' (1962), demonstrates a positive utopia. *''Islandia'' (1942), by Austin Tappan Wright *B. F. Skinner's ''Walden Two'' (1948) * The Cloud of Magellan (1955) by Stanislaw Lem * Andromeda Nebula (1957) is a classic communist utopia by Ivan Efremov * ''Star Trek'' (1966) science fiction television series by Gene Roddenberry *''The Dispossessed'' (1974), a science fiction novel by Ursula K. Le Guin, is sometimes said to represent one of the few modern revivals of the utopian genre, though it is notable that one of the major themes of the work is the ambiguity of different notions of utopia. Le Guin presents a utopian world in which ditches do need digging, and sewers need unblocking — this drudgery is divided among all adults, and is contrasted, in the language of the utopia, with their everyday, more satisfying work. * ''Woman on the Edge of Time'' (1976) by Marge Piercy is a feminism science fiction novel in which the protagonist must act to win the utopian future over an alternative, dystopia , one. * ''Ecotopia (novel)'' (1975) by Ernest Callenbach * The ''Three Californias Trilogy'' (especially ''The Pacific Edge'' (1990)) and the ''Mars trilogy'' by Kim Stanley Robinson *''The Giver'' (1993), a novel by Lois Lowry, depicts a "perfect" society of the far future whose elimination of war, disease, fear, &c. comes at the inherent price of the repression of human emotions, individuality and free will. * most of the stories in ''Future Primitive - The New Ecotopias'' (1994), edited by Kim Stanley Robinson * ''Hedonistic imperative'' (1996), an online manifesto by David Pearce, outlines how genetic engineering and nanotechnology will abolish suffering in all sentient life. * ''The Kin of Ata Are Waiting for You'' (1997) by Dorothy Bryant * ''The Matrix'' (1999), a film by the Wachowski brothers, describes a virtual reality controlled by artificial intelligence such as Agent Smith. Smith says that the first Matrix was a utopia, but humans disbelieved and rejected it because they "define their reality through misery and suffering." Therefore, the Matrix was redesigned to simulate human civilization with all its suffering. * ''Equilibrium (2002 movie)'' (2002), is a film and describes a future in which feelings are forbidden. *''Xen: Ancient English Edition'', (2004) is a novel about a true Utopia, with a bias toward Matriarchy, in the distant future of Earth, "translated" by D.J. Solomon * ''Ensaio sobre a Lucidez'' ("Treatise on Lucidity") by José Saramago (2004), describes a city where there is 83% of blank votes at an election. * ''Globus Cassus'', (2004), is a project for the transformation of the Earth into a large, hollow structure inhabited on the inside, which would be organised by new types of societies and political systems. * ''Dinotopia'', (1992) originally an illustrated book and now expanded into other media, is about an island where humans and dinosaurs coexist peacefully. Most are vegetarian, trade has replaced currency, and nature is carefully protected. However, it's inescapable, and some are displeased by this lifestyle, so one character points out that the word "Dinotopia" doesn't mean "a utopia of dinosaurs," it means "a terrible place." ==See also== *Utopian and dystopian fiction * abolitionism * atopia * Brutopia * cacotopia * ecotopia * El Dorado (myth) * Eutopia * Heaven * Heterotopia - physical locale set apart from traditional public life where rules and expectations are suspended, often to address moments of crisis or deviance, developed by Michel Foucault * Omnitopia - convergence of the Latin ''omnis'' for "all" or "universal[ly]" and the Greek ''topos'' for "place" (deriving from ''koinos topos'' for "common place") - an experience of place as the convergence of multiple spaces such that each individual "location" appears as a manifestation of the whole. * Utopia Planitia * Utopian socialism * Regional planning * Urban planning ==External links== * Full text of [http://www.gutenberg.net/etext/2130 Thomas More's Utopia] from Project Gutenberg * [http://www.bartleby.com/65/ut/Utopia.html Utopia - The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2001] * [http://www.uni-potsdam.de/u/anglistik/stud_pro/utopieseite/genre/utopia.html Utopia - Definition and History of the Term - The New Encyclopaedia Britannica] * [http://www.utoronto.ca/utopia/ Society for Utopian Studies] is the Main Page for the Society for Utopian Studies, an international, interdisciplinary association devoted to the study of utopianism in all its forms, with a particular emphasis on literary and experimental utopias. * [http://www.abolitionist-society.com/ The Abolitionist Society] is dedicated to the elimination of suffering through science Ethics Fictional countries Utopias Communalism Social philosophy la:Utopia
Utopia
---- ( This list can't possibly be a complete one, but it's something to get started on. Do the :Shakers count as a utopian community? That whole portion of the 2nd Great Awakening is often called the Utopian Society movement. I don't know how accurate the term is, but it is in fact used. Could that be mentioned in the article? User:Fishal Robert Owen's New Lanark? And all those millenial cults of the middle ages? ) ---- Don't confuse a utopia with a commune. Utopian ideals are also not the same as a Utopia. As long as we have sewers that have to be unstopped, we'll never have a utopia.. (hmm. might make a nice .sig ) ---- More's Utopia even mentions the conveniences. Of course, in his day, they were chamber pots made of gold.... ---- A talk-type note moved out of article. User:Bky1701 08:11, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC) :''Note: The article Utopian and dystopian fiction is an old placekeeper with notes on various books and should be refactored into the Utopia and Dystopia articles.'' User:Mikkalai 03:30, 3 Nov 2004 (UTC) I read the Giver last year and it talked about Utopia ---- ==Death to false Utopia (Novel)s!== Alright, after noticing that there wasn't actually an article for Thomas More's Utopia (Novel) so I went through and fixed all the ones I could find in the list of pages linked to Utopia. I think I found them all, but if someone else wants a really crappy job they can re-check my work.--User_Talk:TheGrza">User:TheGrza|TheUser Talk:TheGrza 22:52, Nov 8, 2004 (UTC) == Why merge with Eutopia == theres a diffrence between the two, so why should they be mearged -------------------------- YEAH - I AGREE - I put up the article on "eutopia" because someone specifically requested for this word, even though "utopia" was up. And what's more, someone has put a link from "utopia" to "eutopia" which right now gives a redirect straight back to "utopia"... Utopia is "no-place", with a play-on-words between "no-place" and "good-place" (eutopia). In utopian studies literature, eutopia is distinguished from the broader phenomenon of utopia, as a specific type or genre of utopian writing/thinking dealing with social dreaming of better, perfected, and/or good societies, as opposed to the broader phenomenon which refers to social dreaming of any kinds of societies including dystopias, arcadias, etc. So can we have eutopia back please? == Omnitopiae == All right, I fixed up the bullet point which "defined" omnitopia, but for the life of me I can't figure out what the sentence is supposed to mean. Asking Google gives about 450 hits, most of which seem to be parts of adventure games' dungeon maps. (Nintendo apparently used the term in ''Secrets of Evermore,'' but a cursory inspection doesn't tell whether or not all uses stem from that source.) According to A. Wood's "[http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/oup/comthe/2003/00000013/00000003/art00324 A Rhetoric of Ubiquity]", :The places that describe us seem to be increasingly mobile. Not fixed for permanence, they are built for change. Within them, we stream atomized from space to space, finding the ever-present structure of these fluid locales difficult to discern. Analysis of this structure as a matrix of text and context demands a rhetorical approach and a guiding concept: ''omnitopia.'' :Omnitopia represents the construction and performance of geographically distinct spaces as perceptually ubiquitous place. ...and so on. While maintaining a higher coherency quotient than the Dada Engine's output, it still sounds like academic hyperbabble discussing things Chuck Palahniuk described much more fully. (Funnily enough, the article ''does'' cite ''Fight Club,'' but only as a movie.) I'm sure somebody has professional training in making this jargon make sense; if you do, please help me out. User:Anville 22:25, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC) ==Thomas More== We need an article on Thomas More's book.. currently [Utopia (Novel)] (It's not really a novel) redirects here. I dont have the background on the topic, but came here looking for info. --User:Stbalbach 15:01, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC) ==Dinotopia== Dinotopia should be on the "Example" list. == Utopian Socialism == I need someone to give me information about people who worked on utopian socialist ideals exactly like it is described in the Economic Utopias section, referring to Utopian Socialism.. thanx, Waldir (waldir@email.com) ==Utopia (game)== i believe that Utopia the game, given its long-running popularity and irrelevance to this article, should be given a separate article. --User:Plastictv 06:01, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)
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Utopia_(Novel)
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Utopia_(rock_band)
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Utopia_-_The_Creation_of_a_Nation
Utopia_84
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Utopia_Planitia
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