
The Umayyad Dynasty (Arab language الأمويون / بنو أمية ''umawiyy''; Persian language امویان (Omaviyân), Turkish language, Emevi) was the first dynasty of caliphs of the Prophet Muhammad who were not closely related to Muhammad himself, though they were of the same Mecca tribe, the Quraish. The first dynasty reigned from 661 to 750. Ironically, the Quraishi clan from which the Umayyads originated had originally been bitter enemies of Muhammad. Muawiyah I had been the governor of Syria under the 3rd caliph and his kinsman, Uthman ibn Affan. After the assassination of Uthman, he was replaced by the new caliph, Ali Ben Abu Talib. Rather than relinquish his post, Muawiyah took up a rebellion against Ali. The two fought many battles, and eventually they agreed to partition the Muslim empire. However, Ali was assassinated in 661, and Muawiyah declared himself caliph of all Muslim lands. This established the Umayyad dynasty, the capital was moved to Damascus. Great waves of expansion occurred under the reign of the Umayyads. Muslim armies pushed across North Africa and Iran, through the late 600s, expanding the borders of the empire from Spain in the west to India in the east. Forces led by Tariq ibn-Ziyad crossed Gibraltar and established Islam power in the Iberian peninsula, while other armies established power far away in Sind, on the Indian subcontinent. The Muslim empire under the Umayyads was now a vast domain that ruled a diverse array of peoples. The Umayyads were overthrown in the east by the Abbasids dynasty after their defeat in the Battle of the Zab in 750, following which most of the clan was massacred by the Abbasids. An Umayyad prince, Abd-ar-rahman I, took over the Muslim territory in Spain and founded a new Umayyad dynasty there. ==Umayyad Rulers== ===Umayyad Caliphs of Damascus=== *Muawiyah I ibn Abu Sufyan, 661-680 *Yazid I ibn Muawiyah, 680-683 *Muawiya II ibn Yazid, 683-684 *Marwan I ibn Hakam, 684-685 *Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, 685-705 *al-Walid I ibn Abd al-Malik, 705-715 *Suleiman of Umayyad ibn Abd al-Malik, 715-717 *Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, 717-720 *Yazid II ibn Abd al-Malik, 720-724 *Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik, 724-743 *al-Walid II ibn Yazid II, 743-744 *Yazid III ibn al-Walid, 744 *Ibrahim of Ummayyad ibn al-Walid, 744 *Marwan II ibn Muhammad, 744-750 ===Umayyad Emirs of Cordoba=== *Abd ar-Rahman I, 756-788 *Hisham I, 788-796 *al-Hakam I, 796-822 *Abd ar-Rahman II, 822-852 *Muhammad I of Umayyad, 852-886 *al-Mundhir, 886-888 *Abdallah ibn Muhammad, 888-912 *Abd ar-Rahman III, 912-929 ===Umayyad Caliph of Cordoba=== *Abd ar-Rahman III, as caliph, 929-961 *Al-Hakam II, 961-976 *Hisham II, 976-1008 *Mohammed II of Umayyad, 1008-1009 *Suleiman II of Umayyad, 1009-1010 *Hisham II, restored, 1010-1012 *Suleiman II of Umayyad, restored, 1012-1017 *Abd ar-Rahman IV, 1021-1022 *Abd ar-Rahman V, 1022-1023 *Muhammad III of Umayyad, 1023-1024 *Hisham III, 1027-1031 See also History of Islam, Caliphate ==External links== * [http://www.history.unimelb.edu.au/middle_east/genealogy/umayyads.htm Ummayad Lineage Chart] * http://www.princeton.edu/~batke/itl/denise/umayyads.htm * [http://www.islamicarchitecture.org/dynasties/umayyads.html Umayyads - First caliphate dynasty] Caliphates Islamic history Syrian history Jewish Islam topics Sunni Islam fa:امویان
Hmmm! I think the images are a bit out of topic and I placed one myself. I'll handle this later, unless someone does something before. --User:Zeledi 21:10, 2005 Apr 9 (UTC)
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Umayyad
Umayyads
Umayyads
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Umayyad
The Umayyad Dynasty (Arab language الأمويون / بنو أمية ''umawiyy''; Persian language امویان (Omaviyân), Turkish language, Emevi) was the first dynasty of caliphs of the Prophet Muhammad who were not closely related to Muhammad himself, though they were of the same Mecca tribe, the Quraish. The first dynasty reigned from 661 to 750. Ironically, the Quraishi clan from which the Umayyads originated had originally been bitter enemies of Muhammad. Muawiyah I had been the governor of Syria under the 3rd caliph and his kinsman, Uthman ibn Affan. After the assassination of Uthman, he was replaced by the new caliph, Ali Ben Abu Talib. Rather than relinquish his post, Muawiyah took up a rebellion against Ali. The two fought many battles, and eventually they agreed to partition the Muslim empire. However, Ali was assassinated in 661, and Muawiyah declared himself caliph of all Muslim lands. This established the Umayyad dynasty, the capital was moved to Damascus. Great waves of expansion occurred under the reign of the Umayyads. Muslim armies pushed across North Africa and Iran, through the late 600s, expanding the borders of the empire from Spain in the west to India in the east. Forces led by Tariq ibn-Ziyad crossed Gibraltar and established Islam power in the Iberian peninsula, while other armies established power far away in Sind, on the Indian subcontinent. The Muslim empire under the Umayyads was now a vast domain that ruled a diverse array of peoples. The Umayyads were overthrown in the east by the Abbasids dynasty after their defeat in the Battle of the Zab in 750, following which most of the clan was massacred by the Abbasids. An Umayyad prince, Abd-ar-rahman I, took over the Muslim territory in Spain and founded a new Umayyad dynasty there. ==Umayyad Rulers== ===Umayyad Caliphs of Damascus=== *Muawiyah I ibn Abu Sufyan, 661-680 *Yazid I ibn Muawiyah, 680-683 *Muawiya II ibn Yazid, 683-684 *Marwan I ibn Hakam, 684-685 *Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, 685-705 *al-Walid I ibn Abd al-Malik, 705-715 *Suleiman of Umayyad ibn Abd al-Malik, 715-717 *Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, 717-720 *Yazid II ibn Abd al-Malik, 720-724 *Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik, 724-743 *al-Walid II ibn Yazid II, 743-744 *Yazid III ibn al-Walid, 744 *Ibrahim of Ummayyad ibn al-Walid, 744 *Marwan II ibn Muhammad, 744-750 ===Umayyad Emirs of Cordoba=== *Abd ar-Rahman I, 756-788 *Hisham I, 788-796 *al-Hakam I, 796-822 *Abd ar-Rahman II, 822-852 *Muhammad I of Umayyad, 852-886 *al-Mundhir, 886-888 *Abdallah ibn Muhammad, 888-912 *Abd ar-Rahman III, 912-929 ===Umayyad Caliph of Cordoba=== *Abd ar-Rahman III, as caliph, 929-961 *Al-Hakam II, 961-976 *Hisham II, 976-1008 *Mohammed II of Umayyad, 1008-1009 *Suleiman II of Umayyad, 1009-1010 *Hisham II, restored, 1010-1012 *Suleiman II of Umayyad, restored, 1012-1017 *Abd ar-Rahman IV, 1021-1022 *Abd ar-Rahman V, 1022-1023 *Muhammad III of Umayyad, 1023-1024 *Hisham III, 1027-1031 See also History of Islam, Caliphate ==External links== * [http://www.history.unimelb.edu.au/middle_east/genealogy/umayyads.htm Ummayad Lineage Chart] * http://www.princeton.edu/~batke/itl/denise/umayyads.htm * [http://www.islamicarchitecture.org/dynasties/umayyads.html Umayyads - First caliphate dynasty] Caliphates Islamic history Syrian history Jewish Islam topics Sunni Islam fa:امویان
Umayyad
Hmmm! I think the images are a bit out of topic and I placed one myself. I'll handle this later, unless someone does something before. --User:Zeledi 21:10, 2005 Apr 9 (UTC)
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UA | UB | UC | UD | UE | UF | UG | UH | UI | UJ | UK | UL | UM | UN | UO | UP | UR | US | UT | UW | UX | UY | UZ |Words begining with Umayyad:
Umayyad
Umayyad
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