What if Tibet took over Sweden?
-- User:Infrogmation 05:10, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)
#REDIRECT Turkey
Talk:Turkey/Archive 1 ==Turkey Page Taken Over== The Turkey page seems to have been taken over and is not protected. ==My recent edit== We should add some pictures from this website. http://goturkey.kulturturizm.gov.tr/ Coolcat: To include obvious POV statements such as "the race-blind system is based on equality." and "everyone is considered to be the majority" is not acceptable here in Wikipedia or in any other serious encyclopedia. I just removed the POV. User:Stereotek 08:46, 26 Mar 2005 (UTC) : What I said is what turkish goverment says, what you claim is what CIA factbook suggests. Lots of people dispute the factuality of CIA factbook and those numbers are unofficial according to the CIA factbook. I explained what the system of Turkey is based on. That is not a POV. Thats how they do things. --User:Coolcat User talk:Coolcat 04:32, 1 Apr 2005 (UTC) Coolcat: "I will be soon reproting your HUNT for coolcat posts". Good luck! My main reason for checking your "contributions" in Turkey related articles, is that I consider the vast majority of your edits to be of extremely low quality, and not suitable for an encyclopedia. Another fact is that I consider the majority of your edits in Turkey related articles to be POV. User:Stereotek 07:30, 27 Mar 2005 (UTC) :You declared anything I added as POV. You reverted all my work. That may be considered as a personal attacks and as vandalism. You are welcome to make My POV neutral by rewording, you are not welcome to revert all my inputs. --User:Coolcat User talk:Coolcat 04:35, 1 Apr 2005 (UTC) hiya! I have been away for some time, and I've seen that the demographic figures of Turkish people periodically vary from %97 to %70! Come on guys, both of you are too stubborn and your figures do not reflect the truth. I am changing the figure to %85-90 (and respectively ratio of the Kurds to %10-15). I have written the reasons before (you can find them in the archive), so before changing it again, please do state your reason like I did. --User:Wandererx 13:31, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC) :The CIA factbook suggests 20% Kurdish rest Turkish, the Turkish goverment Suggests all Turkish, considers Kurds as Kurds (somehow dont care about the politics behind it). So those are the official HIGH and LOW values I got, to suggests 70% I need a basis. I only care about .GOV or .INT or any other "reputable" organnisation that checks for demographics world wide. There is no official declaration suggesting Kurds being the largest minority in Turkey. National Concesus is over 10 years old, (last one was declined due to corruption) --User:Coolcat User talk:Coolcat 04:30, 1 Apr 2005 (UTC) There is no official concensus no official numbers so thats my case. --User:Coolcat User talk:Coolcat 04:42, 1 Apr 2005 (UTC) Coolcat, you didn't just change the numbers. You also added your POV statements: "the race-blind system is based on equality." and "everyone is considered to be the majority" again. Anyway, I don't think Wikipedia should promote the Turkish state POV that the Kurdish people (and other minorities) doesn't exist. User:Stereotek 09:53, 1 Apr 2005 (UTC) Coolcat: First of all, Turkish goverment does not suggest that all Turkish citizens have a Turkish ethnicity. There is no clasification based on ethnicity in the turkish census. AND: You make Republic of Turkey look like a fascist country. I dont know what your intention is, but you are doing the propoganda in the reverse way. Stereotek: Turkish state doesn't suggest the Kurdish people doesn't exist. I understand you in a way that, if I were reading CoolCat's text and did not know much about Turkey, I would also think the way you do; but Coolcat's writings are Coolcats, its not the official policy of Turkey. They were the old (and wrong) policies of the old governments. Now, the Turkish policy is this: There is only one official language of Turkey and that's Turkish. Kurdish people are free to talk Kurdish, write (and publish books) in Kurdish, or sing in Kurdish, but they have to learn the official language as well. Thats all. They can even establish private Kurdish courses. -unsigned :All I am suggesting is all ethnic minorities are declared Turkish, sometimes they came up with a story. When I was there I realised that unlike the US people do not get special rights nor are punished because of their ethnic background. Its how the do things and should be clarified. Its called a race/ethnicity blind system. I will need resources I can check, I prefer it to be something .gov == Sparse? == I think a lot more content can be added to this, perhaps more on the decline of the ottoman empire (the balkan uprisings, joining Germany in WW1 etc) and there should definitely be more on the role Ataturk played in war of independence i.e. moving power to Ankara, the struggle against the invaders and way in which this gave them the upper hand over the Treaty of Sevres. There is more on its demography than its great history. There should also be mention of its political setup as a multi party democracy, also inclide short profiles of its current leaders? *Hmm.. History of Turkey may have that and may be a more aproporate place o put info. Information regarding the serves has been declared POV I am inclied to not add material.--User:Coolcat User talk:Coolcat 07:40, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC) ==Genocide== It is not just Armenia which has a problem with Turkey dt the genocide and Turkish denial of the same. The matter ultimately plays a role in teh hesitancyy many Europeans feel wrt EU and Turkey joining. User:Refdoc 21:33, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC) :It is not a solid fact either. Re writen with a level of uncertainty. == Added more info == Cleaned up beginning a bit, changed timeline to pre republic and post republic. Added info on Ataturk and independece as well as disintegration of Ottoman empire leading to WW1. Removed genocide sentence, doesnt fit in, feels like it was just stuck on to make a point. The article still feels sporadic, perhaps when i have time i will contribute more to it. If anyone wants to revert it to an older version please explain why first Thank you.--User:62.255.64.9 00:24, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC) Genocide or Rebel terrorism? We have seen many past-Armenians who are neither living in Armenia, nor Turkey are trying to create a genocide out of nothing. Armenians lived well and rich in Turkey and past Ottoman empire. They still do. There are many Armenian-originated Turkish citizens living in Turkey. They are happy, they don't want to go to Armenia, and there is no attitude against them. They can be easily interviewed in Istanbul where most or Armenians of Turkey live. During WW1, some of those Armenians tried to rebel and to separate from Ottoman empire. They did this with support from Russia, both economic and military. Armenian men got weapon from Russia and attacked Ottoman officials and non-Armenian civilians to become an independent state. To overcome this, Ottoman empire rules and movement order for Armenians to keep control of critical part they live. To they moved to east. There was no massacre, no killing, nothing. Just move. Indeed, those Armenians who used Russian made weapons to attack and kill Ottoman officials heve been killed. We do not call this genocide, but terrorism. There was no attack or killing on Armenian civilians. Armenian people who still live in Turkey are very angry at those debates on genocide. Because they know what happened, wheter it is good or bad, it was not a genocide. They are turkish citizens and they don't want Turkey deal with these arguments because they are absurd. Yes, Armenian citizens who live in Turkey are still angry at the way the Turkish goverment and people alike behave as if the Armenian Genocide never occured. Yes, Armenian citizens are still angry because a few months ago it was virtually impossible to teach the language and customs to the younger Armenians because of restrictions imposed by the Turkish goverment. Every coin has two faces... ==Removed entry:== === History === Anatolia (''Asia Minor'') of Turkey had been a cradle to a wide variety of civilizations and kingdoms in antiquity. The Seljuk Turks were the first Turkish peoples power to arrive in the 11th century as conquerors (earlier Turkish peoples such as the Pechenegs had become allies and subordinates of the Byzantine Empire), who proceeded to gradually conquer the existing Byzantine Empire. Their Turkish successors, the Ottoman Empire, completed this in the 15th century with the fall of Constantinople in 1453. At its peak under Sultan Suleyman the 'Magnificent' between 1520-1555, the empire stretched from the gates of Vienna to the Persian Gulf, from the Crimea to Morroco. Throughout the 19th and early 20th century the Ottoman empire began to loose a foothold on its territories, first with Algeria and Tunisia, then Egypt, Libya and the Balkans in the 1912 Balkans war. Faced with territorial losses on all sides Turkey forged an alliance with Germany who supported it with troops and equipment. At the outbreak of World War I Turkey faced the choice of either supporting Germany and safeguarding its territories or placing itself at the hands of the victorious allies. Turkey entered the war on the side of the Triple Alliance (Germany, Italy, Austro-Hungary) and was subsequently defeated. On October 30th 1918, the Mondros Armistice was signed followed by the the Treaty of Svres on August the 10th 1920. These sought to break up the Ottoman empire and force large concessions on Turkey in favour of its rival Greece. This led to the invasion of Izmir by Greece on May 15, 1919 and triggered the War of Independence. A nationalist movement led by Mustafa Kemal rejected the peace agreement, and organised an army which drove Greece from Turkey. By September 18th 1922 the country was liberated and the Treaty of Lausanne was signed in 1923, recognising the new borders of Turkey. On October 29th 1923 the Republic of Turkey was proclaimed and Mustafa Kemal, taking the name Ataturk (father of Turks) would be its first President. ===History Timeline (post Republic)=== Since 1923, ... *October 29 1923 Republic of Turkey proclaimed *November 10, 1938 Ataturk dies ===Discussion regarding the entry=== == Removed Genocide == ''Doesn't fit in '' ????!!!! No sure does not fit into teh picture Turkey wants to present to outside. Nevertheless it is accepted part of the history (But for the Turkish government and Turkish nationalists. IF teh rest gets expanded this ''has'' to be in. User:Refdoc 11:12, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC) ::This isnt an article for political accusation especially something only a handful of countries recognise, pick up any published encylopedia and look at Turkey, you will not find accusations of genocide because they simply arent the place for them. --User:62.255.64.9 11:19, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC) This is obviously a pointless argument. # Wikipedia is no paper, space is not a problem. # The pre-republican history was fairly static until recent sudden expansion was started by yourself. I fyou feel teh article is too long why are you adding stuff otehrs might hold for irrelevant, while deleting the single largest crime Turkey has committed in 20th century? The majority of historians are clear about teh matter, it is only Turkey who objects. The deaths and the facts (deportation and deaths) as such are even recognised, Turkey disputes only that this was statesponsored extermination. It is fascinating for me that Germany will punish Holocaust denial with jail, while Turkey has not even the guts to accept that wrong things were done by a previous government abolished by an internal revolution... User:Refdoc 11:25, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC) This is not about space, its about removing opinion and allegations from fact and useful information. When you look at articles on USA, do you find mention of Hiroshima and Nagasaki? Slaughter of Native Indians? Slave Trade? Racial inequality? Ku Klux Klan? All of these can be considered crimes yet the article remains neutral and concerned only with fact. Armenian genocide is too disputed in my opinion to include in a factual article. --User:62.255.64.9 12:01, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC) :#I am not American :#In an article/article section about the USA's history these matters should very clearly be mentioned. :#Articles are not there to make countries look pretty and good but to report what there is to report. :User:Refdoc 13:49, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC) Good E.A. This is a lot better. I have no problem whatsoever with this explanations, the dispute is in this form well displayed and we do not brush things under the carpet. Thanks. User:Refdoc 19:15, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC) == A proposal == It seems some people are set on including genocide into this article, in the hope of keeping this article free of political views and accusations, i propose we integrate a section entitled "Foreign policy and disputes" and can therefore include any disputes under that. This section can include the Cyprus conflict, Armenina conflict, Iraqi concerns etc. --User:E.A 12:21, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC) (i was previously 62.255.64.9) :A very poor proposal indeed. The genocide was massmurder of own population, albeit an ethnic minority. to put this solely into a "foreign policy section is a bad idea. I would though agree that we examine in teh foreign policy section how teh genocide has affected Turkey's standing in the world. Its denial is clearly one of the major influences on Europeans' hesitancy to allow Turkey to join the EU. I would like to warn you . You have absolutely no right to remove important information simply because it is disputed and because you do not like it, unless you have a clear community consensus. This consensus is not there and has never been there. User:Refdoc 13:52, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC) I'm trying to be as neutral and compromising as possible within this article, which you and others are turning into a personal political mission. The fact is only 14 countries recognise the genocide and you yourself cannot claim to have the consensus of the community in including the claims. The sentence "according to Armenian and Western sources at least 1 million people lost their life in this episode which is called the Armenian Genocide" just wreaks of politics and is not constructive in the least to the article. You seem to want the sole purpose of the article to point towards genocide for your own personal views. Its like a black person going to the USA article and mentioning the slave trade, the ku klux klan, the segregation at every opportunity. To add further insult, you are deleting entire modifications by myself with no regard to the article. --User:E.A 14:45, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC) : I think the personal political mission here is with you. The article had been stable for nearly six months until you came to delete the matter again. I have only expanded along the same lines as you expanded teh pre-Republican history. Nothing I wrote is new. I am not sure why a Black person should not mention these crimes, sounds quite fair to me, certainly when a history of teh same period is discussed. User:Refdoc 14:54, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC) "Allegations regarding the disputed" is a bit too much denial. Allegations is sufficient to show that there is dispute against. User:Refdoc 16:48, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC) Sorry, Armenian Genocide is not a fact as long as the very article is disputed that will be the case as far as wikipedia is concerned. This is the main article of Turkey, theire is a foreign relations section. There is also an Armenian Genocide article please do not clutter this article with your accusations, the very number of dead are disputed, everything about of it is disputed aside from the fact that lots of (unspesified amount) of armenians were asked to move a disputed number perished. Reasons, factuality is not my concern. There is no reason to turn wikipedia into a soapbox. There are 91 Armenian Genocide entries 167 jewish Genocide entries. --User:Coolcat User talk:Coolcat 21:58, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC). I do not want to go into an armenian genocide article, I can acknowlege the existance of a dispute, I cant acknowlege it as factual. :Of course thats a neutral statement. Armenian Genocide is disputed. It could ba a fact or fiction. - Refer to Wikipedia:NPOV article. --User:Coolcat User talk:Coolcat 22:04, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC) You are welcome to discuss genocide matter in the aproporate article. This is not it, since the armenian genocide article is disputed. --User:Coolcat User talk:Coolcat 22:07, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC) == Added section on sport == i'd like people to add a lot more to this article, especially on culture, politics and even more history. I look at the articles of other states and see great explanatations of their history, If its one thing Turkey has, its great History. Its up to you people really. --User:E.A 00:29, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC) == To E.A == I won't take part in discussing with Coolcat, it is fruitless. I like your idea. The genocide can be considered as a dispute between Turkey and the West(not to be confounded with dispute among Western historians, which is not the cases). It is OK by me. If you want to get a vote about adding a new section and calling it what you've said, I'de vote yes. User:Fadix 01:17, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC) Hi, i've had second thoughts on the idea. There are already links to Foreign policy/disputes and links to Armenian conflict. I dont want the article to turn into a political minfield. Just my opinion anyway. --User:E.A 09:20, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC) NOTE: The following post is a response to a quite provocative and borderline racist comment which was, for some reason, erased. I don't understand why you call people "greek lovers" but I find your attitude very provocative. If you can't accept some facts then don't bother posting here unless you feel the need to agitate people. The turkish invaded and brutalised unarmed civilians and this is one of the reasons the Europeans are reluctant of accepting Turkey into the EU. (Konstantinos) ==Protected== Rovoam has gone beyond the pale and is reverting simply to make some kind of point [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk%3ADante_Alighieri&diff=13502855&oldid=13485426]. Because he is virtually unblockable and rather obsessive, I have protected this article and quite a few others. --User:Tony Sidaway|User talk:Tony Sidaway 18:12, 10 May 2005 (UTC) : Unprotected. Protected for long enough. --User:Tony Sidaway|User talk:Tony Sidaway 17:10, 22 May 2005 (UTC) ==Spelling fix== Can a sysop fix "missle crisis" to "missile crisis" in the article, please? Thanks in advance! User:Sam Hocevar 09:00, 12 May 2005 (UTC) : Done. --User:Tony Sidaway|User talk:Tony Sidaway 11:24, 12 May 2005 (UTC) ==Armenian POV is facts, grow up people and embrace and accept anything armenians suggest. == DONT QUESTION THEM EVER! Seriously, these people declare their POV as facts and everything that does not agree as propoganda and lies. They go in to great lenghths to scare people away from wikipedia to push their POV. Such as annoying users until they leave their articles such as Armenian Genocide. Rather incivilised and distastefull in my POV. --User:Coolcat User talk:Coolcat 08:58, 17 May 2005 (UTC) First quarter of 1900s.. Greece and bulgaria from the west, Russia and Russian supported Armenian gangs from the east, British empire and France from the south, allied forces from gallipoli... Countless Turkish soldiers and innocent villagers died and persecuted during the invasions. So, please tell me why dont we debate on these sometime? There are lots of papers that prove armed Armenian gangs persecuted Turks (similar as PKK is doing today) Ask to the 80 year old people in Turkey, let them tell the truth. How was the Turkish and Armenian villages boiling with anger at those years, how bloody years they were.. calling pkk terrorist is pure POV. most kurds see pkk as a freedom fighting force. also no mention is made of the disgusting and horrific persecution of kurds since 1921 ( law banning the use of kurdish in the streets, law banning kurdish names ), some of these laws still in use today ( interdiction to have political speeches in kurdish, interdiction to have education in kurdish before the age of 12 ). this needs to be done when the page is available for editing. - User:Kassem 12:45, 18 May 2005 (UTC) * Nope; it's not POV. Killing 30K people is not "freedom fighting". Check http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/pgtrpt/2000/2450.htm for yourself. Apparently US Government also considers PKK as a terrorist group. User:MonsterOfTheLake 01:56, 19 May 2005 (UTC) :Fascinating User:Kassem. It is a requierment to recognise PKK as a terrorist organisation to join EU or to join NATO. All EU and NATO nations recognise PKK as a terrorist organisation by default. US aside from NATO restrictions accepts PKK as a terrorist organisation. It of course is not limited to this I never searched for more. I lived in soulth-eastern Turkey for over two years, I am a foreigner. People around me hated PKK with a pashion. Kurds/Turks/ as I observed did not remotely like PKK. So pkk is a freedom fighting force, 26 NATO nations and 25 EU nations are lying. --User:Coolcat User talk:Coolcat 07:20, 21 May 2005 (UTC)
:Do you have sources of the ''1921 ( law banning the use of kurdish in the streets, law banning kurdish names )''? What is the legal status of this law? What was exactly banned? How was this implimented? What political mesures did Kurds take over the years? --User:Coolcat User talk:Coolcat 07:20, 21 May 2005 (UTC)
:Ten years ago there were less conflicts about these. Now EU and USA are involved in this and it's said that a huge civil war is planend upon Turkey to divide it. This is said by an unknown european academic person. Thank you EU, thank you USA, you are Turkey's ally and friend!! --User:JohnEmerald 10:20, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
==Spelling fix==
Hi everyone. I noticed a spelling error (or a typo, if anyone insists ;) ) in the Demographics section. Near the end, the text reads "asside" instead of "aside". I was wondering if some mod/op could fix it? Thanks in advance, User:Toon81
== Pictures ==
Why aren't there any picture of Istanbul, Capadoccia or aegean coasts?? In every county's page i can see pics but not in this one. I think you should immediately add some pics.
== Let's Talk:Turkey... ==
Heh, get it? Hehe.... Anyway, does the article need to remain protected? Should it be unprotected? --User:Dante Alighieri | User talk:Dante Alighieri 20:45, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)
when are the administarors are going to unprotect this article?
== Templates ==
I suggest we add the following templates to the article;
Template:Mediterranean, Template:Middle East and Template:Southwest Asia.
--User:Gramaic 07:04, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
*Update: now that the protection is gone, I've just added the templates, that I posted above, to the article.--User:Gramaic 06:26, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)
== Turkey Coat of Arms ==
where is the Coat of Arms of Turkey?
There are no official coat of arms for Turkey. For use in embassies, sort of coat of arms basicly in form of shield in red with crescent /star do exist. Also for presidential flag, there is the sun & rays symbol with 16 stars surrounding, which represent 16 Turkish states established during the history. But none of these are actually considered as coat of arms in Western style for the country. User:Jensboot 21:17, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
== Geography ==
Is there a special word for the European part of Turkey (i.e.. Turkey minus Anatolia)? User:Everton 14:02, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
Eastern Thrace. User:GerakiUser_talk:GerakiSpecial:Contributions/Geraki 2005-06-16 T 15:32 Z
Thank you, but it seems that that term is mainly used by the Greeks, not the Turkish.
Is there any Turkish word for that region? User:Everton 15:59, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
The word used is "Trakya Blgesi" or shortly "Trakya". The region west of Meri River settled by the Turkish minority , which is under Greek administration, is called "Batı Trakya" (Western Thrace). User:Jensboot 21:24, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
== Protection ==
Two weeks is far too long to protect against vandalism. Unprotecting. --User:Golbez 03:59, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)
The Republic of Turkey or Turkey, is a Bicontinental country located between Southwest Asia and partly in Southeast Europe. The Anatolian peninsula comprises most of its territory, and is situated between the Black Sea on the north and the Mediterranean Sea to south and west, with the Aegean Sea (and Marmara Sea) in between. A small portion of the country's territory (3%) is situated in southeastern Europe, west of the Bosporus. Turkey is bordered by Bulgaria (in Rumelia) and Greece on the west, Georgia (country), Armenia, Azerbaijan and Iran on the east, and Iraq and Syria on the south. Until 1922, the country was the center of the Ottoman Empire. {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+Trkiye Cumhuriyeti
Republic of Turkey |- | style="background:#ffffff;" align=center colspan=2 | {| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 |- | align=center width=296 | |- | align=center width=296 | Flag of Turkey |} |- | align=center style="vertical-align: top;" colspan=2 | ''List of state mottos (unofficial):
Peace in the Homeland, Peace in the World
(Turkish language: Yurtta Sulh, Cihanda Sulh)'' |- | align=center colspan=2 style="background: #ffffff;" | |- | Official language || Turkish language |- | Capital || Ankara |- | Largest city || Istanbul |- | Father of the nation || Mustafa Kemal Atatrk |- | President of Turkey || Ahmet Necdet Sezer |- | List of Prime Ministers of Turkey || Recep Tayyip Erdogan |- | Area
– Total
– % water || List of countries by area
1 E11 m
1.3% |- | Population
– Total (As of 2003)
– Population density || List of countries by population
68,109,469
86.2/Square kilometre |- | National Day
Declaration of Republic ||
October 29 1923 |- | Currency || New Turkish Lira1 |- | Time zone || Coordinated Universal Time +2 |- | National anthem || ''Istikll Marsi'' |- | Top-level domain || .tr |- | List of country calling codes || 90 |- | colspan=2 align=left|1 Since January 1 2005, the New Turkish Lira (''Yeni Trk Lirası'') replaced the old Turkish Lira. |} == History (pre Republic)== Anatolia (''Asia Minor''), the landmass that is now Turkey, had been a cradle to a wide variety of civilizations and kingdoms in antiquity. The Seljuk Turks were the first Turkish peoples power to arrive in the 11th century as conquerors (earlier Turkish peoples such as the Pechenegs had become allies and subordinates of the Byzantine Empire), who proceeded to gradually conquer the existing Byzantine Empire with its Greek population and heritage. Their Turkish successors, the Ottoman Empire (named after its first leader Osman Gazi), began as a small tribe of nomadic Turks who would come to dominate the region for 600 years. Its first capital was located in Bursa in 1326 and by 1453 under Sultan Mehmed II the Ottomans would conquer the last stronghold of the Byzantine Empire, Constantinople (see fall of Constantinople). The empire reached its peak under Sultan Suleyman the 'Magnificent' between 1520-1555, the empire stretched from the gates of Vienna to the Persian Gulf, from the Crimea to Morroco. Following the death of Suleyman, the empire began a slow course of gradual decline. Throughout the 19th and early 20th century the Ottoman empire began to lose a foothold on its territories, first with Algeria and Tunisia, then Greece, Egypt, Libya and the Balkans in the 1912 Balkans war. Faced with territorial losses on all sides Turkey forged an alliance with Germany who supported it with troops and equipment. In World War I Turkey entered the war on the side of the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary) and was subsequently defeated. Between 1915 and 1917 large parts of the Armenian population were deported from the area constituting today's Turkey. According to Armenian and Western sources, at least 1 million people lost their lives in this episode which is called the Armenian Genocide. The vast majority of Western and Armenian scholars, claim that the Armenian casualties was a result of a a state-sponsored extermination plan. However, subsequent Turkish governments maintain until today that this was no state-sponsored extermination plan and that the Armenian casualties were a result of inter-ethnic strife, disease and famine during the turmoil of World War I. On October 30th 1918, the Mondros Armistice was signed followed by the Treaty of Svres on August 10th 1920. These sought to break up the Ottoman empire and force large concessions on Turkey in favour of its rival Greece who had fought against the Germans. Greece, France and Italy were awarded parts of the coast of Minor Asia. The city of Izmir, with its large Greek population, was awarded to Greece. The Greek army took it over on May 15 1919 and triggered the War of Independence. A nationalist movement led by Kemal Atatrk, rejected the Svres and organised an army which repelled Greece from Turkey. By September 18th 1922 the country was liberated resulting in the Treaty of Lausanne of 1923, recognising the new borders of Turkey. On October 29th 1923 The Republic of Turkey was proclaimed and Kemal Atatrk, later taking the last name ''Atatrk'' (meaning father of Turks), would be her first president. ==History timeline (post Republic)== Since 1923, ... *1923 - 1938 After taking the presidency of the Republic of Turkey, Atatrk would initiate a series of reforms with the aim of westernising Turkey, these included: a secular government and education, exile of the Sultan, introduction of the Latin alphabet and Gregorian calendar, equal rights for women, abolition of the caliphate and Sharia Law, introduction of western attire and adoption of surnames among many others. *November 10, 1938 The founder Mustafa Kemal Atatrk dies in Istanbul from cirrhosis of the liver. He is succeeded by Ismet Inonu, a former general who leads Turkey until the first democratic elections in 1950. *July 7, 1939 Province of Hatay joins Turkey. *1939 - 1945 Turkey stays neutral during World War II. *Between 25 June 1950 and 27 July 1953, Turkey was a part of the joint UN operation against North Korea during the Korean war. *Since the 1950's, Turkey hosted the USAF at the Incirlik Air Base as a deterrent against the Soviet Union. *April 27-April 28, 1961 Jupiter missile crisis: Turkey hosted United States Nuclear weapon for an undisclosed period until the Cuban Missile Crisis, when the U.S. agreed to remove her nuclear missiles from Turkey in exchange for the Soviet Union removing her missiles from Cuba. *On May 27, 1960, the 1960 Coup d'Etat(1st "Darbe") took place due to the level of influence Islamists had gained in the nation. This clashed with the "separation of religion and state/goverment" which was one of the results of the clash between Inonu's republican party and his opponents, president Celal Bayar and prime minister Adnan Menderes, both former republican party members. Prime minister Adnan Menderes was held responsible and executed. *On October 1965, military rule dissolved back into civilian, the political system was reestablished, and a new consitution was drafted that reaffirmed the "separation of religion and state/goverment". *On March 12, 1971, military officials intervened, instead of taking over the goverment, forced an advisory comittee due to the increasing anarchical situation caused by the Right (fascist/capitalist) - Left (communist) clash and ineffective policies in maintaining order. Although the military were not in charge they had significant influence. *In 1974, Turkey invades Cyprus in response to an Athens backed coup of the island (see Cyprus dispute). Turkey maintains a garisson in the ''de facto'' TRNC. *On September 12, 1980, the 1980 Coup d'Etat (2nd "Darbe") took place, ending a long bloodshed of anarchical situation due to the Right (fascist/capitalist) - Left (communist) clash, and was welcomed by the general population, martial laws were almost immediately established and 25% of the military (about 475,000) were mobilised to settle the anarchical situation. *On November 6, 1983, military rule dissolved and removed itself from the political scene after the reestablishment of a new "1982 Constitution". *Between 1970 and 1983, international terrorism by the Armenian terrorist organisation ASALA. Attacks start with assassinating Turkish diplomats and bombing consulates in the USA and Europe, airports in Paris and Ankara, the Grand Bazaar in Istanbul, in an attempt to force the Turkish government to acknowledge that it committed "Armenian genocide" in 1915. The organization ceases to exist after the Milli Istihbarat Teskilati assassinates ASALA leaders. *Between 1984 and 1999, Turkey suffered terrorism again, primarily in form of PKK terrorism. Capture of Abdullah calan, the leader of the terrorist organisation, resumed the conflict. *Since the ending of the 1991 Persian Gulf War, Incirlik Air Base enforced the Iraqi no-fly zones. *Between 24 March and 10 June 1999, Turkey was a part of the joint NATO operation, Kosovo War, in the Balkans to end a brutal civil war in the region that used to be Yugoslavia. *Between June 2002 and February 2003, Turkey assumed command of the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan. *On December 17, 2004, the European Union (EU) agrees to begin negotiations on the eventual accession of Turkey. *On February 14, 2005, Turkey assumed command of the ISAF in Afghanistan for a second time. *Since the start of 2003 invasion of Iraq, Turkey had been extremely concerned with the developments in Northern Iraq. == Culture == ''Main article: Culture of Turkey'' Turkey has a very diverse culture due to its many ethnic minorities. * Cinema of Turkey * Cuisine of Turkey * Islam in Turkey * List of Turkish painters * List of Turks * Music of Turkey * Turkish literature * Yagli gures * Sports in Turkey *Turkish newspapers == Politics == ''Main article: Politics of Turkey'' The Republic of Turkey was created in 1923 by Mustafa Kemal Atatrk, a pragmatic leader who reformed Turkey into a modern, secular, and western-oriented republic. Over the years, fears of a shift from secularity and western orientation led to a left-wing military coup in 1961, and fears of a shift towards the Eastern Block have led to two more right-wing military coups in 1971 and 1980. Democratic rule has since returned. Turkey became a member of NATO in 1952, and is seeking membership of the European Union. December 17th 2004 marked the official opening of talks for the accession of Turkey to the European Union, and it remains one of the main issues in Turkish foreign diplomacy. International disputes such as Turkish involvement in Cyprus dispute and the allegations relating to the Armenian Genocide in the Ottoman Empire era continue to influence international relations. The increasing appeal of political Islam also continues to fuel public debate in Turkey. See also: * Foreign relations of Turkey * Turkish Foreign Policy == Geography == ''Main article: Geography of Turkey'' Turkey forms a bridge between Europe and Asia, with the division between the two running from the Black Sea to the north down along the Bosporus strait through the Sea of Marmara and the Dardanelles strait to the Aegean Sea and the larger Mediterranean Sea to the south. The Anatolian peninsula (also known as Asia Minor) consists of a high central plateau with narrow coastal plains, in between the Pontus range to the north and the Taurus Mountains to the south. To the east is found a more mountainous landscape (main part of the Armenian Highland), home to the sources of rivers such as the Euphrates, Tigris and the Araks, as well as Lake Van and Mount Ararat, Turkey's highest point at 5,166 m. The climate is a Mediterranean temperate climate climate, with hot, dry summers and mild, wet and cold winters, though conditions can be much harsher in the more arid interior. Turkey is also prone to very severe earthquakes. The Bosphorus and the Dardanelles owe their existence to the fault lines running through Turkey, leading to the creation of the Black Sea. The capital city of Turkey is Ankara, but the largest city is Istanbul. Other important cities include Izmir, Bursa, Adana, Gaziantep, Erzurum, Kayseri, Izmit, Konya, Mersin, Diyarbakir, Antalya, and Samsun. See the list of cities in Turkey. == Economy == ''Main article: Economy of Turkey'' Turkey's economy is a complex mix of modern industry and commerce along with a traditional agriculture sector that in 2001 still accounted for 40% of employment. It is estimated that 50% of the population lives under the international standards of poverty, especially in the war torn south-east areas. Turkey has a strong and rapidly growing private sector, yet the state still plays a major role in basic industry, banking, transport, and communication. The most important industry - and largest export - is textiles and clothing, which is almost entirely in private hands. In recent years the economic situation has been marked by erratic economic growth and serious imbalances. Real Gross National Product growth has exceeded 6% in many years, but this strong expansion has been interrupted by sharp declines in output in 1994, 1999, and 2001. Meanwhile the public sector fiscal deficit has regularly exceeded 10% of Gross Domestic Product - due in large part to the huge burden of interest payments, which in 2001 accounted for more than 50% of central government spending - while inflation has remained in the high double digit range. Perhaps because of these problems, foreign direct investment in Turkey remains low - less than USD 1 billion annually. In late 2000 and early 2001 a growing trade deficit and serious weaknesses in the banking sector plunged the economy into crisis - forcing Ankara to float the lira and pushing the country into recession. Results in 2002 were much better, because of strong financial support from the IMF and tighter fiscal policy. Continued slow global growth and serious political tensions in the Middle East cast a shadow over growth prospects in the future. Turkey has recently adopted a new currency, slashing away many "zeros" from the old currency after years of double digit inflation. For example, a taxi ride would cost a few million liras. Overnight, many "millionaires" were gone. == Demographics == ''Main article: Demographics of Turkey'' The majority of the Turkish population (around 89-92%) is of Turkic peoples ethnicity, who speak the official language of the country, Turkish language. Other minorities include Abkhaz, Albanians, Arabs, Armenia, Bosniaks, Chaldeans, Circassians, Greece, Georgia (country), Hamshenis, Jew, Kurds, Laz, Levantines, Pomaks, Syriacs, and Zazas. The term "minority" itself remains to be a sensitive issue in Turkey, since the Turkish State only considers the communities mentioned in the text of Treaty of Lausanne (namely, Greek Orthodox, Armenia, and Jewish communities) as minorities (''azınlık'' or ''ekalliyet''). However the minorities in question do not have special rights as the race-blind system is based on equality. According to the CIA factbook estimates Kurds compromise the second largest ethnic group at 8,76% however since a consensus based on race is unheard of in the country, as everyone is considered to be the majority, the accuracy of this fact is disputed. Several minorities have requested special rights throughout the history of the nation, either through terrorism (see PKK) or through political means. Due to lack of labour force in Europe between 1960 and 1980 many Turkish citizens emigrated to West Germany, the Netherlands, France and other Western European countries, forming a significant overseas population. Recently, many have also settled in Russia and other neighbouring countries. Nominally, 99.8% of the population is Islam. Most belong to the Sunni branch of Islam. About 15-20% of the population are Alevi Muslims. There is also a Twelver Shia minority, mainly of Azeri descent. Judaism, and Christian Greek Orthodox, Armenian Apostolic (Gregorian), Roman Catholic and Protestant minorities are also present. Although, unlike other majority Islamic nations, there is a strong tradition of separation of church and state in Turkey, in practice this means rather the subordination of religion to the state instead of what Westerners would consider separation. The Turkish constitution recognizes freedom of religion for ''individuals'', but explicitly states that ''religious communities'' derive no rights at all from this. The mainstream Hanafi school of Sunni Islam is largely organized by the state, through ''Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı'' (Department of Religious Affairs). The Diyanet is the main religious framework, successor to the Ulama, Seyh-ul-Islam and Caliph of the Ottoman Empire. As a consequence, they control all mosques and Muslim clerics. Imams are trained in Imam vocational schools and at an academic level at universities. The department is heavily criticized for not supporting religious beliefs asside from Sunni Islam. ''The major regional diversity depend on culture, economy (industry and cash crops in coastal regions), and precipitation (Black Sea littoral where summer drought is unknown).'' == Provinces == ''Main article: Provinces of Turkey'' Turkey is subdivided into 81 provinces (''iller'', singular - ''il''): Communications in Turkey * Transportation in Turkey * Military of Turkey * Pan-Turkism * Human rights in Turkey * Holidays in Turkey == External links == Official: *[http://www.turkiye.gov.tr E-Turkiye] - Official gateway to Turkish government (in Turkish) *[http://www.cankaya.gov.tr ankaya] - Official presidential site (in Turkish) *[http://www.basbakanlik.gov.tr Başbakanlık] - Official prime ministerial site (in Turkish) *[http://www.tbmm.gov.tr TBMM] - Official parliamentary site (in Turkish) *[http://www.tourismturkey.org/ Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Turkey] official site (in English) *[http://www.mfa.gov.tr/ All About Turkey] - Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs *[http://www.turkishembassy.org Turkish Embassy in Washington D.C.] *[http://www.yargitay.gov.tr/bilgi/kanun_liste/PC12709.HM5.frameset.html Constitution of Turkish Republic] (in Turkish) Unofficial (Tourism): *[http://www.turkishclass.com/pictures.php Pictures of Turkey] - Annotated pictures of Turkey *[http://www.anorak.jp Turkey Tribune] - High-resolution pictures of cities, nature, and people in Turkey *[http://www.turkishitems.com Examples of Traditional Turkish and Ottoman Costumes on Dolls] *[http://www.pbase.com/dosseman Pictures from almost all cities, many museums etc. with English texts] The result of 12 years of travel all over Turkey, 4700+ pictures, over 90 galleries *[http://HavenWorks.com/world/turkey Turkey News] *[http://www.turkeyrealestate.co.uk Guide for property and tourism in Turkey] *[http://users.swing.be/kusadasi Kuşadası(a tourism center)] *[http://turkey.ianandwendy.com Pictures from a backpackers trip through Turkey] Unofficial (Other): *[http://www.turkishclass.com Learn Turkish Language] - Turkish language lessons and pictures, videos and information about Turkey *[http://mypage.iu.edu/~ktuncay/Turkey/index.html Historic Pictures] Kağan Tuncay *[http://www.turkeyforyou.com Turkey information] - Information about Turkey and pictures *[http://www.turkishcookbook.com Turkish Cookbook] - Turkish recipes *[http://www.tulumba.com Tulumba.com] - Largest Turkish Online Megastore in the US *[http://www.hukukara.com Law Search engine] - Law Search engine (in Turkish) *[http://www.saglikhukuku.net Health Law] - Health law (in Turkish) *[http://members.fortunecity.com/fstav1/constantinople.html Istanbul - Turkey] *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/1022222.stm BBC News Country Profile - ''Turkey''] *[http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/tu.html CIA World Factbook - ''Turkey''] *[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/trtoc.html Library of Congress Country Studies - ''Turkey''] data as of January 1995 *[http://search.looksmart.com/p/browse/us1/us317836/us317916/us559898/us559967/us560124/ LookSmart - ''Republic of Turkey''] directory category *[http://dmoz.org/Regional/Middle_East/Turkey/ Open Directory Project - ''Turkey''] directory category *[http://dir.yahoo.com/regional/countries/turkey/ Yahoo! - ''Turkey''] directory category *[http://fullcoverage.yahoo.com/fc/World/Turkey Yahoo! News Full Coverage - ''Turkey''] news headline links Turkey Bicontinental countries Middle Eastern countries az:Türkiyə bs:Turska fa:ترکیه hy:Թուրքիա ks:तुर्किये la:Turcia li:Trkie lv:Turcija ms:Turki nds:Trkie simple:Turkey sq:Turqia th:ประเทศตุรกี zh-min-nan:Trkiye
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Turkey_Creek,_LA
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What if Tibet took over Sweden?
TURKEY
-- User:Infrogmation 05:10, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)
TurkeY
#REDIRECT Turkey
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Talk:Turkey/Archive 1 ==Turkey Page Taken Over== The Turkey page seems to have been taken over and is not protected. ==My recent edit== We should add some pictures from this website. http://goturkey.kulturturizm.gov.tr/ Coolcat: To include obvious POV statements such as "the race-blind system is based on equality." and "everyone is considered to be the majority" is not acceptable here in Wikipedia or in any other serious encyclopedia. I just removed the POV. User:Stereotek 08:46, 26 Mar 2005 (UTC) : What I said is what turkish goverment says, what you claim is what CIA factbook suggests. Lots of people dispute the factuality of CIA factbook and those numbers are unofficial according to the CIA factbook. I explained what the system of Turkey is based on. That is not a POV. Thats how they do things. --User:Coolcat User talk:Coolcat 04:32, 1 Apr 2005 (UTC) Coolcat: "I will be soon reproting your HUNT for coolcat posts". Good luck! My main reason for checking your "contributions" in Turkey related articles, is that I consider the vast majority of your edits to be of extremely low quality, and not suitable for an encyclopedia. Another fact is that I consider the majority of your edits in Turkey related articles to be POV. User:Stereotek 07:30, 27 Mar 2005 (UTC) :You declared anything I added as POV. You reverted all my work. That may be considered as a personal attacks and as vandalism. You are welcome to make My POV neutral by rewording, you are not welcome to revert all my inputs. --User:Coolcat User talk:Coolcat 04:35, 1 Apr 2005 (UTC) hiya! I have been away for some time, and I've seen that the demographic figures of Turkish people periodically vary from %97 to %70! Come on guys, both of you are too stubborn and your figures do not reflect the truth. I am changing the figure to %85-90 (and respectively ratio of the Kurds to %10-15). I have written the reasons before (you can find them in the archive), so before changing it again, please do state your reason like I did. --User:Wandererx 13:31, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC) :The CIA factbook suggests 20% Kurdish rest Turkish, the Turkish goverment Suggests all Turkish, considers Kurds as Kurds (somehow dont care about the politics behind it). So those are the official HIGH and LOW values I got, to suggests 70% I need a basis. I only care about .GOV or .INT or any other "reputable" organnisation that checks for demographics world wide. There is no official declaration suggesting Kurds being the largest minority in Turkey. National Concesus is over 10 years old, (last one was declined due to corruption) --User:Coolcat User talk:Coolcat 04:30, 1 Apr 2005 (UTC) There is no official concensus no official numbers so thats my case. --User:Coolcat User talk:Coolcat 04:42, 1 Apr 2005 (UTC) Coolcat, you didn't just change the numbers. You also added your POV statements: "the race-blind system is based on equality." and "everyone is considered to be the majority" again. Anyway, I don't think Wikipedia should promote the Turkish state POV that the Kurdish people (and other minorities) doesn't exist. User:Stereotek 09:53, 1 Apr 2005 (UTC) Coolcat: First of all, Turkish goverment does not suggest that all Turkish citizens have a Turkish ethnicity. There is no clasification based on ethnicity in the turkish census. AND: You make Republic of Turkey look like a fascist country. I dont know what your intention is, but you are doing the propoganda in the reverse way. Stereotek: Turkish state doesn't suggest the Kurdish people doesn't exist. I understand you in a way that, if I were reading CoolCat's text and did not know much about Turkey, I would also think the way you do; but Coolcat's writings are Coolcats, its not the official policy of Turkey. They were the old (and wrong) policies of the old governments. Now, the Turkish policy is this: There is only one official language of Turkey and that's Turkish. Kurdish people are free to talk Kurdish, write (and publish books) in Kurdish, or sing in Kurdish, but they have to learn the official language as well. Thats all. They can even establish private Kurdish courses. -unsigned :All I am suggesting is all ethnic minorities are declared Turkish, sometimes they came up with a story. When I was there I realised that unlike the US people do not get special rights nor are punished because of their ethnic background. Its how the do things and should be clarified. Its called a race/ethnicity blind system. I will need resources I can check, I prefer it to be something .gov == Sparse? == I think a lot more content can be added to this, perhaps more on the decline of the ottoman empire (the balkan uprisings, joining Germany in WW1 etc) and there should definitely be more on the role Ataturk played in war of independence i.e. moving power to Ankara, the struggle against the invaders and way in which this gave them the upper hand over the Treaty of Sevres. There is more on its demography than its great history. There should also be mention of its political setup as a multi party democracy, also inclide short profiles of its current leaders? *Hmm.. History of Turkey may have that and may be a more aproporate place o put info. Information regarding the serves has been declared POV I am inclied to not add material.--User:Coolcat User talk:Coolcat 07:40, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC) ==Genocide== It is not just Armenia which has a problem with Turkey dt the genocide and Turkish denial of the same. The matter ultimately plays a role in teh hesitancyy many Europeans feel wrt EU and Turkey joining. User:Refdoc 21:33, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC) :It is not a solid fact either. Re writen with a level of uncertainty. == Added more info == Cleaned up beginning a bit, changed timeline to pre republic and post republic. Added info on Ataturk and independece as well as disintegration of Ottoman empire leading to WW1. Removed genocide sentence, doesnt fit in, feels like it was just stuck on to make a point. The article still feels sporadic, perhaps when i have time i will contribute more to it. If anyone wants to revert it to an older version please explain why first Thank you.--User:62.255.64.9 00:24, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC) Genocide or Rebel terrorism? We have seen many past-Armenians who are neither living in Armenia, nor Turkey are trying to create a genocide out of nothing. Armenians lived well and rich in Turkey and past Ottoman empire. They still do. There are many Armenian-originated Turkish citizens living in Turkey. They are happy, they don't want to go to Armenia, and there is no attitude against them. They can be easily interviewed in Istanbul where most or Armenians of Turkey live. During WW1, some of those Armenians tried to rebel and to separate from Ottoman empire. They did this with support from Russia, both economic and military. Armenian men got weapon from Russia and attacked Ottoman officials and non-Armenian civilians to become an independent state. To overcome this, Ottoman empire rules and movement order for Armenians to keep control of critical part they live. To they moved to east. There was no massacre, no killing, nothing. Just move. Indeed, those Armenians who used Russian made weapons to attack and kill Ottoman officials heve been killed. We do not call this genocide, but terrorism. There was no attack or killing on Armenian civilians. Armenian people who still live in Turkey are very angry at those debates on genocide. Because they know what happened, wheter it is good or bad, it was not a genocide. They are turkish citizens and they don't want Turkey deal with these arguments because they are absurd. Yes, Armenian citizens who live in Turkey are still angry at the way the Turkish goverment and people alike behave as if the Armenian Genocide never occured. Yes, Armenian citizens are still angry because a few months ago it was virtually impossible to teach the language and customs to the younger Armenians because of restrictions imposed by the Turkish goverment. Every coin has two faces... ==Removed entry:== === History === Anatolia (''Asia Minor'') of Turkey had been a cradle to a wide variety of civilizations and kingdoms in antiquity. The Seljuk Turks were the first Turkish peoples power to arrive in the 11th century as conquerors (earlier Turkish peoples such as the Pechenegs had become allies and subordinates of the Byzantine Empire), who proceeded to gradually conquer the existing Byzantine Empire. Their Turkish successors, the Ottoman Empire, completed this in the 15th century with the fall of Constantinople in 1453. At its peak under Sultan Suleyman the 'Magnificent' between 1520-1555, the empire stretched from the gates of Vienna to the Persian Gulf, from the Crimea to Morroco. Throughout the 19th and early 20th century the Ottoman empire began to loose a foothold on its territories, first with Algeria and Tunisia, then Egypt, Libya and the Balkans in the 1912 Balkans war. Faced with territorial losses on all sides Turkey forged an alliance with Germany who supported it with troops and equipment. At the outbreak of World War I Turkey faced the choice of either supporting Germany and safeguarding its territories or placing itself at the hands of the victorious allies. Turkey entered the war on the side of the Triple Alliance (Germany, Italy, Austro-Hungary) and was subsequently defeated. On October 30th 1918, the Mondros Armistice was signed followed by the the Treaty of Svres on August the 10th 1920. These sought to break up the Ottoman empire and force large concessions on Turkey in favour of its rival Greece. This led to the invasion of Izmir by Greece on May 15, 1919 and triggered the War of Independence. A nationalist movement led by Mustafa Kemal rejected the peace agreement, and organised an army which drove Greece from Turkey. By September 18th 1922 the country was liberated and the Treaty of Lausanne was signed in 1923, recognising the new borders of Turkey. On October 29th 1923 the Republic of Turkey was proclaimed and Mustafa Kemal, taking the name Ataturk (father of Turks) would be its first President. ===History Timeline (post Republic)=== Since 1923, ... *October 29 1923 Republic of Turkey proclaimed *November 10, 1938 Ataturk dies ===Discussion regarding the entry=== == Removed Genocide == ''Doesn't fit in '' ????!!!! No sure does not fit into teh picture Turkey wants to present to outside. Nevertheless it is accepted part of the history (But for the Turkish government and Turkish nationalists. IF teh rest gets expanded this ''has'' to be in. User:Refdoc 11:12, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC) ::This isnt an article for political accusation especially something only a handful of countries recognise, pick up any published encylopedia and look at Turkey, you will not find accusations of genocide because they simply arent the place for them. --User:62.255.64.9 11:19, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC) This is obviously a pointless argument. # Wikipedia is no paper, space is not a problem. # The pre-republican history was fairly static until recent sudden expansion was started by yourself. I fyou feel teh article is too long why are you adding stuff otehrs might hold for irrelevant, while deleting the single largest crime Turkey has committed in 20th century? The majority of historians are clear about teh matter, it is only Turkey who objects. The deaths and the facts (deportation and deaths) as such are even recognised, Turkey disputes only that this was statesponsored extermination. It is fascinating for me that Germany will punish Holocaust denial with jail, while Turkey has not even the guts to accept that wrong things were done by a previous government abolished by an internal revolution... User:Refdoc 11:25, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC) This is not about space, its about removing opinion and allegations from fact and useful information. When you look at articles on USA, do you find mention of Hiroshima and Nagasaki? Slaughter of Native Indians? Slave Trade? Racial inequality? Ku Klux Klan? All of these can be considered crimes yet the article remains neutral and concerned only with fact. Armenian genocide is too disputed in my opinion to include in a factual article. --User:62.255.64.9 12:01, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC) :#I am not American :#In an article/article section about the USA's history these matters should very clearly be mentioned. :#Articles are not there to make countries look pretty and good but to report what there is to report. :User:Refdoc 13:49, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC) Good E.A. This is a lot better. I have no problem whatsoever with this explanations, the dispute is in this form well displayed and we do not brush things under the carpet. Thanks. User:Refdoc 19:15, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC) == A proposal == It seems some people are set on including genocide into this article, in the hope of keeping this article free of political views and accusations, i propose we integrate a section entitled "Foreign policy and disputes" and can therefore include any disputes under that. This section can include the Cyprus conflict, Armenina conflict, Iraqi concerns etc. --User:E.A 12:21, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC) (i was previously 62.255.64.9) :A very poor proposal indeed. The genocide was massmurder of own population, albeit an ethnic minority. to put this solely into a "foreign policy section is a bad idea. I would though agree that we examine in teh foreign policy section how teh genocide has affected Turkey's standing in the world. Its denial is clearly one of the major influences on Europeans' hesitancy to allow Turkey to join the EU. I would like to warn you . You have absolutely no right to remove important information simply because it is disputed and because you do not like it, unless you have a clear community consensus. This consensus is not there and has never been there. User:Refdoc 13:52, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC) I'm trying to be as neutral and compromising as possible within this article, which you and others are turning into a personal political mission. The fact is only 14 countries recognise the genocide and you yourself cannot claim to have the consensus of the community in including the claims. The sentence "according to Armenian and Western sources at least 1 million people lost their life in this episode which is called the Armenian Genocide" just wreaks of politics and is not constructive in the least to the article. You seem to want the sole purpose of the article to point towards genocide for your own personal views. Its like a black person going to the USA article and mentioning the slave trade, the ku klux klan, the segregation at every opportunity. To add further insult, you are deleting entire modifications by myself with no regard to the article. --User:E.A 14:45, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC) : I think the personal political mission here is with you. The article had been stable for nearly six months until you came to delete the matter again. I have only expanded along the same lines as you expanded teh pre-Republican history. Nothing I wrote is new. I am not sure why a Black person should not mention these crimes, sounds quite fair to me, certainly when a history of teh same period is discussed. User:Refdoc 14:54, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC) "Allegations regarding the disputed" is a bit too much denial. Allegations is sufficient to show that there is dispute against. User:Refdoc 16:48, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC) Sorry, Armenian Genocide is not a fact as long as the very article is disputed that will be the case as far as wikipedia is concerned. This is the main article of Turkey, theire is a foreign relations section. There is also an Armenian Genocide article please do not clutter this article with your accusations, the very number of dead are disputed, everything about of it is disputed aside from the fact that lots of (unspesified amount) of armenians were asked to move a disputed number perished. Reasons, factuality is not my concern. There is no reason to turn wikipedia into a soapbox. There are 91 Armenian Genocide entries 167 jewish Genocide entries. --User:Coolcat User talk:Coolcat 21:58, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC). I do not want to go into an armenian genocide article, I can acknowlege the existance of a dispute, I cant acknowlege it as factual. :Of course thats a neutral statement. Armenian Genocide is disputed. It could ba a fact or fiction. - Refer to Wikipedia:NPOV article. --User:Coolcat User talk:Coolcat 22:04, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC) You are welcome to discuss genocide matter in the aproporate article. This is not it, since the armenian genocide article is disputed. --User:Coolcat User talk:Coolcat 22:07, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC) == Added section on sport == i'd like people to add a lot more to this article, especially on culture, politics and even more history. I look at the articles of other states and see great explanatations of their history, If its one thing Turkey has, its great History. Its up to you people really. --User:E.A 00:29, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC) == To E.A == I won't take part in discussing with Coolcat, it is fruitless. I like your idea. The genocide can be considered as a dispute between Turkey and the West(not to be confounded with dispute among Western historians, which is not the cases). It is OK by me. If you want to get a vote about adding a new section and calling it what you've said, I'de vote yes. User:Fadix 01:17, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC) Hi, i've had second thoughts on the idea. There are already links to Foreign policy/disputes and links to Armenian conflict. I dont want the article to turn into a political minfield. Just my opinion anyway. --User:E.A 09:20, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC) NOTE: The following post is a response to a quite provocative and borderline racist comment which was, for some reason, erased. I don't understand why you call people "greek lovers" but I find your attitude very provocative. If you can't accept some facts then don't bother posting here unless you feel the need to agitate people. The turkish invaded and brutalised unarmed civilians and this is one of the reasons the Europeans are reluctant of accepting Turkey into the EU. (Konstantinos) ==Protected== Rovoam has gone beyond the pale and is reverting simply to make some kind of point [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk%3ADante_Alighieri&diff=13502855&oldid=13485426]. Because he is virtually unblockable and rather obsessive, I have protected this article and quite a few others. --User:Tony Sidaway|User talk:Tony Sidaway 18:12, 10 May 2005 (UTC) : Unprotected. Protected for long enough. --User:Tony Sidaway|User talk:Tony Sidaway 17:10, 22 May 2005 (UTC) ==Spelling fix== Can a sysop fix "missle crisis" to "missile crisis" in the article, please? Thanks in advance! User:Sam Hocevar 09:00, 12 May 2005 (UTC) : Done. --User:Tony Sidaway|User talk:Tony Sidaway 11:24, 12 May 2005 (UTC) ==Armenian POV is facts, grow up people and embrace and accept anything armenians suggest. == DONT QUESTION THEM EVER! Seriously, these people declare their POV as facts and everything that does not agree as propoganda and lies. They go in to great lenghths to scare people away from wikipedia to push their POV. Such as annoying users until they leave their articles such as Armenian Genocide. Rather incivilised and distastefull in my POV. --User:Coolcat User talk:Coolcat 08:58, 17 May 2005 (UTC) First quarter of 1900s.. Greece and bulgaria from the west, Russia and Russian supported Armenian gangs from the east, British empire and France from the south, allied forces from gallipoli... Countless Turkish soldiers and innocent villagers died and persecuted during the invasions. So, please tell me why dont we debate on these sometime? There are lots of papers that prove armed Armenian gangs persecuted Turks (similar as PKK is doing today) Ask to the 80 year old people in Turkey, let them tell the truth. How was the Turkish and Armenian villages boiling with anger at those years, how bloody years they were.. calling pkk terrorist is pure POV. most kurds see pkk as a freedom fighting force. also no mention is made of the disgusting and horrific persecution of kurds since 1921 ( law banning the use of kurdish in the streets, law banning kurdish names ), some of these laws still in use today ( interdiction to have political speeches in kurdish, interdiction to have education in kurdish before the age of 12 ). this needs to be done when the page is available for editing. - User:Kassem 12:45, 18 May 2005 (UTC) * Nope; it's not POV. Killing 30K people is not "freedom fighting". Check http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/pgtrpt/2000/2450.htm for yourself. Apparently US Government also considers PKK as a terrorist group. User:MonsterOfTheLake 01:56, 19 May 2005 (UTC) :Fascinating User:Kassem. It is a requierment to recognise PKK as a terrorist organisation to join EU or to join NATO. All EU and NATO nations recognise PKK as a terrorist organisation by default. US aside from NATO restrictions accepts PKK as a terrorist organisation. It of course is not limited to this I never searched for more. I lived in soulth-eastern Turkey for over two years, I am a foreigner. People around me hated PKK with a pashion. Kurds/Turks/
Turkey
The Republic of Turkey or Turkey, is a Bicontinental country located between Southwest Asia and partly in Southeast Europe. The Anatolian peninsula comprises most of its territory, and is situated between the Black Sea on the north and the Mediterranean Sea to south and west, with the Aegean Sea (and Marmara Sea) in between. A small portion of the country's territory (3%) is situated in southeastern Europe, west of the Bosporus. Turkey is bordered by Bulgaria (in Rumelia) and Greece on the west, Georgia (country), Armenia, Azerbaijan and Iran on the east, and Iraq and Syria on the south. Until 1922, the country was the center of the Ottoman Empire. {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+Trkiye Cumhuriyeti
Republic of Turkey |- | style="background:#ffffff;" align=center colspan=2 | {| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 |- | align=center width=296 | |- | align=center width=296 | Flag of Turkey |} |- | align=center style="vertical-align: top;" colspan=2 | ''List of state mottos (unofficial):
Peace in the Homeland, Peace in the World
(Turkish language: Yurtta Sulh, Cihanda Sulh)'' |- | align=center colspan=2 style="background: #ffffff;" | |- | Official language || Turkish language |- | Capital || Ankara |- | Largest city || Istanbul |- | Father of the nation || Mustafa Kemal Atatrk |- | President of Turkey || Ahmet Necdet Sezer |- | List of Prime Ministers of Turkey || Recep Tayyip Erdogan |- | Area
– Total
– % water || List of countries by area
1 E11 m
1.3% |- | Population
– Total (As of 2003)
– Population density || List of countries by population
68,109,469
86.2/Square kilometre |- | National Day
Declaration of Republic ||
October 29 1923 |- | Currency || New Turkish Lira1 |- | Time zone || Coordinated Universal Time +2 |- | National anthem || ''Istikll Marsi'' |- | Top-level domain || .tr |- | List of country calling codes || 90 |- | colspan=2 align=left|1 Since January 1 2005, the New Turkish Lira (''Yeni Trk Lirası'') replaced the old Turkish Lira. |} == History (pre Republic)== Anatolia (''Asia Minor''), the landmass that is now Turkey, had been a cradle to a wide variety of civilizations and kingdoms in antiquity. The Seljuk Turks were the first Turkish peoples power to arrive in the 11th century as conquerors (earlier Turkish peoples such as the Pechenegs had become allies and subordinates of the Byzantine Empire), who proceeded to gradually conquer the existing Byzantine Empire with its Greek population and heritage. Their Turkish successors, the Ottoman Empire (named after its first leader Osman Gazi), began as a small tribe of nomadic Turks who would come to dominate the region for 600 years. Its first capital was located in Bursa in 1326 and by 1453 under Sultan Mehmed II the Ottomans would conquer the last stronghold of the Byzantine Empire, Constantinople (see fall of Constantinople). The empire reached its peak under Sultan Suleyman the 'Magnificent' between 1520-1555, the empire stretched from the gates of Vienna to the Persian Gulf, from the Crimea to Morroco. Following the death of Suleyman, the empire began a slow course of gradual decline. Throughout the 19th and early 20th century the Ottoman empire began to lose a foothold on its territories, first with Algeria and Tunisia, then Greece, Egypt, Libya and the Balkans in the 1912 Balkans war. Faced with territorial losses on all sides Turkey forged an alliance with Germany who supported it with troops and equipment. In World War I Turkey entered the war on the side of the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary) and was subsequently defeated. Between 1915 and 1917 large parts of the Armenian population were deported from the area constituting today's Turkey. According to Armenian and Western sources, at least 1 million people lost their lives in this episode which is called the Armenian Genocide. The vast majority of Western and Armenian scholars, claim that the Armenian casualties was a result of a a state-sponsored extermination plan. However, subsequent Turkish governments maintain until today that this was no state-sponsored extermination plan and that the Armenian casualties were a result of inter-ethnic strife, disease and famine during the turmoil of World War I. On October 30th 1918, the Mondros Armistice was signed followed by the Treaty of Svres on August 10th 1920. These sought to break up the Ottoman empire and force large concessions on Turkey in favour of its rival Greece who had fought against the Germans. Greece, France and Italy were awarded parts of the coast of Minor Asia. The city of Izmir, with its large Greek population, was awarded to Greece. The Greek army took it over on May 15 1919 and triggered the War of Independence. A nationalist movement led by Kemal Atatrk, rejected the Svres and organised an army which repelled Greece from Turkey. By September 18th 1922 the country was liberated resulting in the Treaty of Lausanne of 1923, recognising the new borders of Turkey. On October 29th 1923 The Republic of Turkey was proclaimed and Kemal Atatrk, later taking the last name ''Atatrk'' (meaning father of Turks), would be her first president. ==History timeline (post Republic)== Since 1923, ... *1923 - 1938 After taking the presidency of the Republic of Turkey, Atatrk would initiate a series of reforms with the aim of westernising Turkey, these included: a secular government and education, exile of the Sultan, introduction of the Latin alphabet and Gregorian calendar, equal rights for women, abolition of the caliphate and Sharia Law, introduction of western attire and adoption of surnames among many others. *November 10, 1938 The founder Mustafa Kemal Atatrk dies in Istanbul from cirrhosis of the liver. He is succeeded by Ismet Inonu, a former general who leads Turkey until the first democratic elections in 1950. *July 7, 1939 Province of Hatay joins Turkey. *1939 - 1945 Turkey stays neutral during World War II. *Between 25 June 1950 and 27 July 1953, Turkey was a part of the joint UN operation against North Korea during the Korean war. *Since the 1950's, Turkey hosted the USAF at the Incirlik Air Base as a deterrent against the Soviet Union. *April 27-April 28, 1961 Jupiter missile crisis: Turkey hosted United States Nuclear weapon for an undisclosed period until the Cuban Missile Crisis, when the U.S. agreed to remove her nuclear missiles from Turkey in exchange for the Soviet Union removing her missiles from Cuba. *On May 27, 1960, the 1960 Coup d'Etat(1st "Darbe") took place due to the level of influence Islamists had gained in the nation. This clashed with the "separation of religion and state/goverment" which was one of the results of the clash between Inonu's republican party and his opponents, president Celal Bayar and prime minister Adnan Menderes, both former republican party members. Prime minister Adnan Menderes was held responsible and executed. *On October 1965, military rule dissolved back into civilian, the political system was reestablished, and a new consitution was drafted that reaffirmed the "separation of religion and state/goverment". *On March 12, 1971, military officials intervened, instead of taking over the goverment, forced an advisory comittee due to the increasing anarchical situation caused by the Right (fascist/capitalist) - Left (communist) clash and ineffective policies in maintaining order. Although the military were not in charge they had significant influence. *In 1974, Turkey invades Cyprus in response to an Athens backed coup of the island (see Cyprus dispute). Turkey maintains a garisson in the ''de facto'' TRNC. *On September 12, 1980, the 1980 Coup d'Etat (2nd "Darbe") took place, ending a long bloodshed of anarchical situation due to the Right (fascist/capitalist) - Left (communist) clash, and was welcomed by the general population, martial laws were almost immediately established and 25% of the military (about 475,000) were mobilised to settle the anarchical situation. *On November 6, 1983, military rule dissolved and removed itself from the political scene after the reestablishment of a new "1982 Constitution". *Between 1970 and 1983, international terrorism by the Armenian terrorist organisation ASALA. Attacks start with assassinating Turkish diplomats and bombing consulates in the USA and Europe, airports in Paris and Ankara, the Grand Bazaar in Istanbul, in an attempt to force the Turkish government to acknowledge that it committed "Armenian genocide" in 1915. The organization ceases to exist after the Milli Istihbarat Teskilati assassinates ASALA leaders. *Between 1984 and 1999, Turkey suffered terrorism again, primarily in form of PKK terrorism. Capture of Abdullah calan, the leader of the terrorist organisation, resumed the conflict. *Since the ending of the 1991 Persian Gulf War, Incirlik Air Base enforced the Iraqi no-fly zones. *Between 24 March and 10 June 1999, Turkey was a part of the joint NATO operation, Kosovo War, in the Balkans to end a brutal civil war in the region that used to be Yugoslavia. *Between June 2002 and February 2003, Turkey assumed command of the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan. *On December 17, 2004, the European Union (EU) agrees to begin negotiations on the eventual accession of Turkey. *On February 14, 2005, Turkey assumed command of the ISAF in Afghanistan for a second time. *Since the start of 2003 invasion of Iraq, Turkey had been extremely concerned with the developments in Northern Iraq. == Culture == ''Main article: Culture of Turkey'' Turkey has a very diverse culture due to its many ethnic minorities. * Cinema of Turkey * Cuisine of Turkey * Islam in Turkey * List of Turkish painters * List of Turks * Music of Turkey * Turkish literature * Yagli gures * Sports in Turkey *Turkish newspapers == Politics == ''Main article: Politics of Turkey'' The Republic of Turkey was created in 1923 by Mustafa Kemal Atatrk, a pragmatic leader who reformed Turkey into a modern, secular, and western-oriented republic. Over the years, fears of a shift from secularity and western orientation led to a left-wing military coup in 1961, and fears of a shift towards the Eastern Block have led to two more right-wing military coups in 1971 and 1980. Democratic rule has since returned. Turkey became a member of NATO in 1952, and is seeking membership of the European Union. December 17th 2004 marked the official opening of talks for the accession of Turkey to the European Union, and it remains one of the main issues in Turkish foreign diplomacy. International disputes such as Turkish involvement in Cyprus dispute and the allegations relating to the Armenian Genocide in the Ottoman Empire era continue to influence international relations. The increasing appeal of political Islam also continues to fuel public debate in Turkey. See also: * Foreign relations of Turkey * Turkish Foreign Policy == Geography == ''Main article: Geography of Turkey'' Turkey forms a bridge between Europe and Asia, with the division between the two running from the Black Sea to the north down along the Bosporus strait through the Sea of Marmara and the Dardanelles strait to the Aegean Sea and the larger Mediterranean Sea to the south. The Anatolian peninsula (also known as Asia Minor) consists of a high central plateau with narrow coastal plains, in between the Pontus range to the north and the Taurus Mountains to the south. To the east is found a more mountainous landscape (main part of the Armenian Highland), home to the sources of rivers such as the Euphrates, Tigris and the Araks, as well as Lake Van and Mount Ararat, Turkey's highest point at 5,166 m. The climate is a Mediterranean temperate climate climate, with hot, dry summers and mild, wet and cold winters, though conditions can be much harsher in the more arid interior. Turkey is also prone to very severe earthquakes. The Bosphorus and the Dardanelles owe their existence to the fault lines running through Turkey, leading to the creation of the Black Sea. The capital city of Turkey is Ankara, but the largest city is Istanbul. Other important cities include Izmir, Bursa, Adana, Gaziantep, Erzurum, Kayseri, Izmit, Konya, Mersin, Diyarbakir, Antalya, and Samsun. See the list of cities in Turkey. == Economy == ''Main article: Economy of Turkey'' Turkey's economy is a complex mix of modern industry and commerce along with a traditional agriculture sector that in 2001 still accounted for 40% of employment. It is estimated that 50% of the population lives under the international standards of poverty, especially in the war torn south-east areas. Turkey has a strong and rapidly growing private sector, yet the state still plays a major role in basic industry, banking, transport, and communication. The most important industry - and largest export - is textiles and clothing, which is almost entirely in private hands. In recent years the economic situation has been marked by erratic economic growth and serious imbalances. Real Gross National Product growth has exceeded 6% in many years, but this strong expansion has been interrupted by sharp declines in output in 1994, 1999, and 2001. Meanwhile the public sector fiscal deficit has regularly exceeded 10% of Gross Domestic Product - due in large part to the huge burden of interest payments, which in 2001 accounted for more than 50% of central government spending - while inflation has remained in the high double digit range. Perhaps because of these problems, foreign direct investment in Turkey remains low - less than USD 1 billion annually. In late 2000 and early 2001 a growing trade deficit and serious weaknesses in the banking sector plunged the economy into crisis - forcing Ankara to float the lira and pushing the country into recession. Results in 2002 were much better, because of strong financial support from the IMF and tighter fiscal policy. Continued slow global growth and serious political tensions in the Middle East cast a shadow over growth prospects in the future. Turkey has recently adopted a new currency, slashing away many "zeros" from the old currency after years of double digit inflation. For example, a taxi ride would cost a few million liras. Overnight, many "millionaires" were gone. == Demographics == ''Main article: Demographics of Turkey'' The majority of the Turkish population (around 89-92%) is of Turkic peoples ethnicity, who speak the official language of the country, Turkish language. Other minorities include Abkhaz, Albanians, Arabs, Armenia, Bosniaks, Chaldeans, Circassians, Greece, Georgia (country), Hamshenis, Jew, Kurds, Laz, Levantines, Pomaks, Syriacs, and Zazas. The term "minority" itself remains to be a sensitive issue in Turkey, since the Turkish State only considers the communities mentioned in the text of Treaty of Lausanne (namely, Greek Orthodox, Armenia, and Jewish communities) as minorities (''azınlık'' or ''ekalliyet''). However the minorities in question do not have special rights as the race-blind system is based on equality. According to the CIA factbook estimates Kurds compromise the second largest ethnic group at 8,76% however since a consensus based on race is unheard of in the country, as everyone is considered to be the majority, the accuracy of this fact is disputed. Several minorities have requested special rights throughout the history of the nation, either through terrorism (see PKK) or through political means. Due to lack of labour force in Europe between 1960 and 1980 many Turkish citizens emigrated to West Germany, the Netherlands, France and other Western European countries, forming a significant overseas population. Recently, many have also settled in Russia and other neighbouring countries. Nominally, 99.8% of the population is Islam. Most belong to the Sunni branch of Islam. About 15-20% of the population are Alevi Muslims. There is also a Twelver Shia minority, mainly of Azeri descent. Judaism, and Christian Greek Orthodox, Armenian Apostolic (Gregorian), Roman Catholic and Protestant minorities are also present. Although, unlike other majority Islamic nations, there is a strong tradition of separation of church and state in Turkey, in practice this means rather the subordination of religion to the state instead of what Westerners would consider separation. The Turkish constitution recognizes freedom of religion for ''individuals'', but explicitly states that ''religious communities'' derive no rights at all from this. The mainstream Hanafi school of Sunni Islam is largely organized by the state, through ''Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı'' (Department of Religious Affairs). The Diyanet is the main religious framework, successor to the Ulama, Seyh-ul-Islam and Caliph of the Ottoman Empire. As a consequence, they control all mosques and Muslim clerics. Imams are trained in Imam vocational schools and at an academic level at universities. The department is heavily criticized for not supporting religious beliefs asside from Sunni Islam. ''The major regional diversity depend on culture, economy (industry and cash crops in coastal regions), and precipitation (Black Sea littoral where summer drought is unknown).'' == Provinces == ''Main article: Provinces of Turkey'' Turkey is subdivided into 81 provinces (''iller'', singular - ''il''): Communications in Turkey * Transportation in Turkey * Military of Turkey * Pan-Turkism * Human rights in Turkey * Holidays in Turkey == External links == Official: *[http://www.turkiye.gov.tr E-Turkiye] - Official gateway to Turkish government (in Turkish) *[http://www.cankaya.gov.tr ankaya] - Official presidential site (in Turkish) *[http://www.basbakanlik.gov.tr Başbakanlık] - Official prime ministerial site (in Turkish) *[http://www.tbmm.gov.tr TBMM] - Official parliamentary site (in Turkish) *[http://www.tourismturkey.org/ Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Turkey] official site (in English) *[http://www.mfa.gov.tr/ All About Turkey] - Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs *[http://www.turkishembassy.org Turkish Embassy in Washington D.C.] *[http://www.yargitay.gov.tr/bilgi/kanun_liste/PC12709.HM5.frameset.html Constitution of Turkish Republic] (in Turkish) Unofficial (Tourism): *[http://www.turkishclass.com/pictures.php Pictures of Turkey] - Annotated pictures of Turkey *[http://www.anorak.jp Turkey Tribune] - High-resolution pictures of cities, nature, and people in Turkey *[http://www.turkishitems.com Examples of Traditional Turkish and Ottoman Costumes on Dolls] *[http://www.pbase.com/dosseman Pictures from almost all cities, many museums etc. with English texts] The result of 12 years of travel all over Turkey, 4700+ pictures, over 90 galleries *[http://HavenWorks.com/world/turkey Turkey News] *[http://www.turkeyrealestate.co.uk Guide for property and tourism in Turkey] *[http://users.swing.be/kusadasi Kuşadası(a tourism center)] *[http://turkey.ianandwendy.com Pictures from a backpackers trip through Turkey] Unofficial (Other): *[http://www.turkishclass.com Learn Turkish Language] - Turkish language lessons and pictures, videos and information about Turkey *[http://mypage.iu.edu/~ktuncay/Turkey/index.html Historic Pictures] Kağan Tuncay *[http://www.turkeyforyou.com Turkey information] - Information about Turkey and pictures *[http://www.turkishcookbook.com Turkish Cookbook] - Turkish recipes *[http://www.tulumba.com Tulumba.com] - Largest Turkish Online Megastore in the US *[http://www.hukukara.com Law Search engine] - Law Search engine (in Turkish) *[http://www.saglikhukuku.net Health Law] - Health law (in Turkish) *[http://members.fortunecity.com/fstav1/constantinople.html Istanbul - Turkey] *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/1022222.stm BBC News Country Profile - ''Turkey''] *[http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/tu.html CIA World Factbook - ''Turkey''] *[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/trtoc.html Library of Congress Country Studies - ''Turkey''] data as of January 1995 *[http://search.looksmart.com/p/browse/us1/us317836/us317916/us559898/us559967/us560124/ LookSmart - ''Republic of Turkey''] directory category *[http://dmoz.org/Regional/Middle_East/Turkey/ Open Directory Project - ''Turkey''] directory category *[http://dir.yahoo.com/regional/countries/turkey/ Yahoo! - ''Turkey''] directory category *[http://fullcoverage.yahoo.com/fc/World/Turkey Yahoo! 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