:''For further uses of the word ''truck'', see Truck (disambiguation).'' A truck is a motor vehicle for transporting goods. Unlike automobiles, which usually have a unibody construction, most trucks (with the exception of the car-like minivan) are built around a strong frame called a chassis. They come in all sizes, from the automobile-sized pickup truck to towering off-road mining trucks or heavy highway semi-trailers. The term is most commonly used in American English and Australian English to refer to what earlier was called a motor truck, and in British English is often called a lorry or, for bigger vehicles, a Heavy Goods Vehicle (HGV). This type of truck is a motor vehicle designed to carry goods, with a cab and a tray or compartment for carrying goods. In Australian English and New Zealand English a small truck with an open tray is called a "ute" (utility vehicle). "Pantechnicon" is a British word for a furniture removal van that has now fallen out of usage. It was originally coined in 1830 as the name of a craft shop or bazaar, in Motcomb Street in Belgravia, London. The shop soon closed down and the building was turned into a furniture warehouse, but the name was kept. Vehicles transporting furniture to and from the building, known as ''pantechnicon vans'', soon came to be known simply as pantechnicons. A Pantech truck or van is a word derivation of pantechnicon commonly and currently used in Australia. Pantech refers to a truck and/or van with a freight hull made of (or converted to) hard panels (ie. chilled freight, removal vans etc). [[Image:Road Train2.jpg|thumb|350px|A road train in Australia.]] ==History== ===Steam trucks=== Trucks and cars have a common ancestor: the steam-powered "fardier" Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot built in 1769. However, steam trucks were not common until the mid-1800s. The roads of the time, built for horse and carriages, limited these vehicles to very short hauls, usually from a factory to the nearest train station. The first semi-trailer appeared in 1881, towed by a De Dion steam tractor. Steam-powered trucks were sold in France and the United States until the eve of World War I, and the beginning of World War II in the United Kingdom. ===Internal combustion=== The first internal combustion engine truck was built in 1898 by Gottlieb Daimler. Others, such as Peugeot, Benz and Renault also built theirs. Trucks of the era mostly used two-cylinder engines could have a carrying capacity 1500 to 2000 kg. In 1904, 700 heavy trucks were built in the United States, 1000 in 1907, 6000 in 1910 and 25000 in 1914. After World War I, several advances were made: pneumatic tires replaced full rubber, electric starters, power brakes, 6 cylinder engines, closed cabs, electric lighting. The first modern semi-trailer also appeared. Touring car builders such as Ford and Renault entered the heavy truck market. ===Diesel engines=== Although it had been invented in 1890, the diesel was not common in trucks in Europe until the 1920s. In the United States, it took much longer for that type of engine to gain acceptance: gasoline engines were still in use on heavy trucks in the 1970s, while in Europe they had been completely replaced 20 years earlier. ==Types of trucks by size== ===Light trucks=== Light trucks are car-sized (in the US, no more than 6,300 kg (13,000 lb)) and are used by individuals and commercial entities alike. They are comprised of: * Pickup trucks * vans * Minivans * SUVs ===Medium trucks=== Medium (or medium-duty) trucks are bigger than light but smaller than heavy trucks. In the US, they are defined as weighing between 6,300 kg (13,000 lb) and 15,000 kg (33,000 lb). For the UK the cut-off is 7.5 tonnes. Local delivery and public service (dump trucks, garbage trucks) are normally around this size. ===Heavy trucks=== Heavy trucks are the largest trucks allowed on the road. They are mostly used for long-haul purposes, often in semi-trailer configuration. In Australia many trailers are connected to make road trains. ===Off-road trucks=== Highway-legal trucks are sometimes outfitted with off-road features such as a front driving axle and special tires for applications such as logging and construction. Trucks that never use public roads, such as the biggest ever truck, the Liebherr T 282B off-road mining truck, are not constrained by weight limits. ==Anatomy of a Truck== Almost all trucks share a common contruction: they are made of a chassis, a cab, axles, suspension and wheels, an engine and a drivetrain. ===Chassis=== A truck chassis consists of two parallel U-shaped beams held together by crossmembers. It is usually made of steel, but can be made (whole or in part) of aluminium for a lighter weight. The chassis is the main structure of the truck, and the other parts attach to it. ===Cab=== The cab is an enclosed space where the driver is seated. A sleeper is a compartment attached to the cab where the driver can rest while not driving. They can range from a simple 2 to 4 foot (0.6 m) bunk to a 12 foot (3.0 m) apartment-on-wheels. Modern cabs feature air conditioning, a good sound system, and ergonomic seats (often air suspended). There are a few possible cab configurations: * ''cab over engine'' or ''flat nose'' or COE, where the driver is seated on top of the front axle and the engine. This design is almost umbiquitous in Europe, where overall truck lengths are strictly regulated. They were common in the United States, but lost prominence when permitted length was extended in the early 1980s. To access the engine, the whole cab tilts forward, earning this design the name of ''tilt-cab''. [[Image:CementTruck.jpg|thumbnail|left|250px|A cement mixer, or cement truck, belonging to Bard Concrete of Dubuque, Iowa.]] * ''conventional'' cabs are the most common in North America. The driver is seated behind the engine, as in most passenger cars or pickup trucks. Conventionals are further divided into large car and aerodynamic designs. A ''Large car'' or long nose is a conventional truck with a long—6-8 foot (1.73 m) or more—hood. With their very square shapes, these trucks offer a lot of wind resistance and can consume more fuel. They also offer poorer visibility than their aerodynamic or COE counterparts. By constrast, ''Aerodynamic'' cabs are very streamlined, with a sloped hood and other features to lower drag. Most owner-operators prefer the square-hooded conventionals, it has something to do with..."Take pride in your ride". * cab beside engine designs also exist, but are rather rare. * Slang terms **"Tiltin' Hilton" :Cab-over with a sleeper berth. **"Aardvaark" : The aerodynamically designed conventional. **"Hood" : Any conventional that is NOT an "Aardvaark" ===Engine=== Trucks can use all sorts of Engines. Small trucks such as SUVs or pickups, and even light medium-duty trucks in North America will use gasoline engines. Most heavier trucks use four stroke cycle turbocharger intercooler diesel engines, although there are alternatives. Huge off-highway trucks use locomotive-type engines such as a V12 Detroit Diesel two stroke cycle engine. In the United States, on-highway trucks almost always use an engine built by a third party, such as Caterpillar Inc. or Cummins. The only exceptions to this are Volvo trucks and Mack trucks, which are available with Volvo and Mack diesel engines, respectively, and Freightliner, which is built by Daimler/Chrysler and is available with Mercedes-Benz diesel engines made by the parent company. ===Drivetrain=== Small trucks use the same type of transmissions as cars. Bigger trucks often use manual transmissions, which must be built stronger to withstand the torque their engines make. Common North American setups include 10, 13 and 18 speeds. Automatic transmissions for heavy trucks are becoming more and more common, due to advances both in transmission and engine power. ==References== ''Conduire un vhicule lourd'', Socit de l'Assurance Automobile du Qubec, 7e dition, 2002 ISBN 2-551-19567-5 ==See also== * Semi-trailer * Forklift * Scania AB * List of truck types * Truck and trailer bodies * Trucker ==External links== *[http://perso.wanadoo.fr/site.panhard/History.htm Early history of Panhard and Levassor] *[http://www.cms.daimlerchrysler.com/emb_classic/0,,0-195-78765-1-84546-1-0-0-0-0-0-434-78641-0-0-0-0-0-0-1,00.html Gottlieb Daimler's first truck] Commercial item transport and distribution Road transport
Everything about trucks on wikipedia need a whole lotta restructuring. First, semi-trailer is more about highway heavy trucks than about semitrailers proper. Here's my understanding of the big world of trucks * Trucks are motor vehicles designed to haul freight. (we should probably add something to differenciate them from trains & from passenger cars, oh, and from buses too). ** Most of them are designed to travel on public highways. *** There are a lot of light trucks such as SUVs, Vans, Pickups, etc. *** Heavy trucks, who are often tractors in a tractor-trailer combination. *** medium trucks, mostly for urban use ** Then, there are special-purpose trucks *** Some are almost freight trucks, like garbage trucks or dump trucks. *** Emergency trucks like fire engines *** Off-road trucks such as huge mining trucks (but some highway trucks go off-road too, like construction trucks) ** The technical aspects of trucks. Most of them are built in a very similar way: chassis, cab, engine, tandems, suspension. But others are quite outlandish (Huge mining trucks with diesel-electric transmissions) ** Trucks in the grand scheme of things: their economic importance, their relation to containers, boats & trains, the people who drive them & their lives, etc. **Somewhere in there, we have to add a few things: semitrailers vs. full trailers & types of freight bodies (flatbed, platform, van, tank, etc.).. I don't know where. Also, trucks vary a lot from country to country, with regulations mostly. we have to explain that. So that would be the grand structure of this article, with sub-articles when section get too long. User:Caquia 07:20, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC) == Non-motorized Trucks == See dolly for the re-direction.
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
Words begining with Truck:
Truck
Truck
Truck-o-Saurus
Truck-o-Saurus
Truck-System
Truckee
Truckee,_CA
Truckee,_California
Truckee-Carson_Irrigation_District
Truckee_lake
Truckee_Range
Truckee_River
Trucker
Trucker's_hitch
Trucker's_hitch
Truckers
Trucker_hat
Truckle
Truckmen
Trucks
Truckstand
Truckstop
Trucks_(band)
Trucks_(short_story)
Truck_(disambiguation)
Truck_bomb
Truck_bomb
Truck_bombing
Truck_Dismount
Truck_driver's_gear_change
Truck_drivers
Truck_Festival
Truck_manufacturers
Truck_manufacturers
Truck_manufacturing
Truck_Records
Truck_stop
Truck_system
Truck
:''For further uses of the word ''truck'', see Truck (disambiguation).'' A truck is a motor vehicle for transporting goods. Unlike automobiles, which usually have a unibody construction, most trucks (with the exception of the car-like minivan) are built around a strong frame called a chassis. They come in all sizes, from the automobile-sized pickup truck to towering off-road mining trucks or heavy highway semi-trailers. The term is most commonly used in American English and Australian English to refer to what earlier was called a motor truck, and in British English is often called a lorry or, for bigger vehicles, a Heavy Goods Vehicle (HGV). This type of truck is a motor vehicle designed to carry goods, with a cab and a tray or compartment for carrying goods. In Australian English and New Zealand English a small truck with an open tray is called a "ute" (utility vehicle). "Pantechnicon" is a British word for a furniture removal van that has now fallen out of usage. It was originally coined in 1830 as the name of a craft shop or bazaar, in Motcomb Street in Belgravia, London. The shop soon closed down and the building was turned into a furniture warehouse, but the name was kept. Vehicles transporting furniture to and from the building, known as ''pantechnicon vans'', soon came to be known simply as pantechnicons. A Pantech truck or van is a word derivation of pantechnicon commonly and currently used in Australia. Pantech refers to a truck and/or van with a freight hull made of (or converted to) hard panels (ie. chilled freight, removal vans etc). [[Image:Road Train2.jpg|thumb|350px|A road train in Australia.]] ==History== ===Steam trucks=== Trucks and cars have a common ancestor: the steam-powered "fardier" Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot built in 1769. However, steam trucks were not common until the mid-1800s. The roads of the time, built for horse and carriages, limited these vehicles to very short hauls, usually from a factory to the nearest train station. The first semi-trailer appeared in 1881, towed by a De Dion steam tractor. Steam-powered trucks were sold in France and the United States until the eve of World War I, and the beginning of World War II in the United Kingdom. ===Internal combustion=== The first internal combustion engine truck was built in 1898 by Gottlieb Daimler. Others, such as Peugeot, Benz and Renault also built theirs. Trucks of the era mostly used two-cylinder engines could have a carrying capacity 1500 to 2000 kg. In 1904, 700 heavy trucks were built in the United States, 1000 in 1907, 6000 in 1910 and 25000 in 1914. After World War I, several advances were made: pneumatic tires replaced full rubber, electric starters, power brakes, 6 cylinder engines, closed cabs, electric lighting. The first modern semi-trailer also appeared. Touring car builders such as Ford and Renault entered the heavy truck market. ===Diesel engines=== Although it had been invented in 1890, the diesel was not common in trucks in Europe until the 1920s. In the United States, it took much longer for that type of engine to gain acceptance: gasoline engines were still in use on heavy trucks in the 1970s, while in Europe they had been completely replaced 20 years earlier. ==Types of trucks by size== ===Light trucks=== Light trucks are car-sized (in the US, no more than 6,300 kg (13,000 lb)) and are used by individuals and commercial entities alike. They are comprised of: * Pickup trucks * vans * Minivans * SUVs ===Medium trucks=== Medium (or medium-duty) trucks are bigger than light but smaller than heavy trucks. In the US, they are defined as weighing between 6,300 kg (13,000 lb) and 15,000 kg (33,000 lb). For the UK the cut-off is 7.5 tonnes. Local delivery and public service (dump trucks, garbage trucks) are normally around this size. ===Heavy trucks=== Heavy trucks are the largest trucks allowed on the road. They are mostly used for long-haul purposes, often in semi-trailer configuration. In Australia many trailers are connected to make road trains. ===Off-road trucks=== Highway-legal trucks are sometimes outfitted with off-road features such as a front driving axle and special tires for applications such as logging and construction. Trucks that never use public roads, such as the biggest ever truck, the Liebherr T 282B off-road mining truck, are not constrained by weight limits. ==Anatomy of a Truck== Almost all trucks share a common contruction: they are made of a chassis, a cab, axles, suspension and wheels, an engine and a drivetrain. ===Chassis=== A truck chassis consists of two parallel U-shaped beams held together by crossmembers. It is usually made of steel, but can be made (whole or in part) of aluminium for a lighter weight. The chassis is the main structure of the truck, and the other parts attach to it. ===Cab=== The cab is an enclosed space where the driver is seated. A sleeper is a compartment attached to the cab where the driver can rest while not driving. They can range from a simple 2 to 4 foot (0.6 m) bunk to a 12 foot (3.0 m) apartment-on-wheels. Modern cabs feature air conditioning, a good sound system, and ergonomic seats (often air suspended). There are a few possible cab configurations: * ''cab over engine'' or ''flat nose'' or COE, where the driver is seated on top of the front axle and the engine. This design is almost umbiquitous in Europe, where overall truck lengths are strictly regulated. They were common in the United States, but lost prominence when permitted length was extended in the early 1980s. To access the engine, the whole cab tilts forward, earning this design the name of ''tilt-cab''. [[Image:CementTruck.jpg|thumbnail|left|250px|A cement mixer, or cement truck, belonging to Bard Concrete of Dubuque, Iowa.]] * ''conventional'' cabs are the most common in North America. The driver is seated behind the engine, as in most passenger cars or pickup trucks. Conventionals are further divided into large car and aerodynamic designs. A ''Large car'' or long nose is a conventional truck with a long—6-8 foot (1.73 m) or more—hood. With their very square shapes, these trucks offer a lot of wind resistance and can consume more fuel. They also offer poorer visibility than their aerodynamic or COE counterparts. By constrast, ''Aerodynamic'' cabs are very streamlined, with a sloped hood and other features to lower drag. Most owner-operators prefer the square-hooded conventionals, it has something to do with..."Take pride in your ride". * cab beside engine designs also exist, but are rather rare. * Slang terms **"Tiltin' Hilton" :Cab-over with a sleeper berth. **"Aardvaark" : The aerodynamically designed conventional. **"Hood" : Any conventional that is NOT an "Aardvaark" ===Engine=== Trucks can use all sorts of Engines. Small trucks such as SUVs or pickups, and even light medium-duty trucks in North America will use gasoline engines. Most heavier trucks use four stroke cycle turbocharger intercooler diesel engines, although there are alternatives. Huge off-highway trucks use locomotive-type engines such as a V12 Detroit Diesel two stroke cycle engine. In the United States, on-highway trucks almost always use an engine built by a third party, such as Caterpillar Inc. or Cummins. The only exceptions to this are Volvo trucks and Mack trucks, which are available with Volvo and Mack diesel engines, respectively, and Freightliner, which is built by Daimler/Chrysler and is available with Mercedes-Benz diesel engines made by the parent company. ===Drivetrain=== Small trucks use the same type of transmissions as cars. Bigger trucks often use manual transmissions, which must be built stronger to withstand the torque their engines make. Common North American setups include 10, 13 and 18 speeds. Automatic transmissions for heavy trucks are becoming more and more common, due to advances both in transmission and engine power. ==References== ''Conduire un vhicule lourd'', Socit de l'Assurance Automobile du Qubec, 7e dition, 2002 ISBN 2-551-19567-5 ==See also== * Semi-trailer * Forklift * Scania AB * List of truck types * Truck and trailer bodies * Trucker ==External links== *[http://perso.wanadoo.fr/site.panhard/History.htm Early history of Panhard and Levassor] *[http://www.cms.daimlerchrysler.com/emb_classic/0,,0-195-78765-1-84546-1-0-0-0-0-0-434-78641-0-0-0-0-0-0-1,00.html Gottlieb Daimler's first truck] Commercial item transport and distribution Road transport
Truck
Everything about trucks on wikipedia need a whole lotta restructuring. First, semi-trailer is more about highway heavy trucks than about semitrailers proper. Here's my understanding of the big world of trucks * Trucks are motor vehicles designed to haul freight. (we should probably add something to differenciate them from trains & from passenger cars, oh, and from buses too). ** Most of them are designed to travel on public highways. *** There are a lot of light trucks such as SUVs, Vans, Pickups, etc. *** Heavy trucks, who are often tractors in a tractor-trailer combination. *** medium trucks, mostly for urban use ** Then, there are special-purpose trucks *** Some are almost freight trucks, like garbage trucks or dump trucks. *** Emergency trucks like fire engines *** Off-road trucks such as huge mining trucks (but some highway trucks go off-road too, like construction trucks) ** The technical aspects of trucks. Most of them are built in a very similar way: chassis, cab, engine, tandems, suspension. But others are quite outlandish (Huge mining trucks with diesel-electric transmissions) ** Trucks in the grand scheme of things: their economic importance, their relation to containers, boats & trains, the people who drive them & their lives, etc. **Somewhere in there, we have to add a few things: semitrailers vs. full trailers & types of freight bodies (flatbed, platform, van, tank, etc.).. I don't know where. Also, trucks vary a lot from country to country, with regulations mostly. we have to explain that. So that would be the grand structure of this article, with sub-articles when section get too long. User:Caquia 07:20, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC) == Non-motorized Trucks == See dolly for the re-direction.
Non-motorized truckes aren't covered on this article (when I skim it)
~ender 2005-06-22 14:32 MST
:Found answer for one question, the L-shaped box-moving implement with handles at one end, wheels at the base, with a small ledge to set boxes on, is called a hand-truck.
:~ender 2005-06-22 14:36 MST
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
T
TA | TB | TC | TD | TE | TF | TG | TH | TI | TJ | TK | TL | TŁ | TM | TN | TO | TP | TR | TS | TU | TW | TX | TY | TZ |Words begining with Truck:
Truck
Truck
Truck-o-Saurus
Truck-o-Saurus
Truck-System
Truckee
Truckee,_CA
Truckee,_California
Truckee-Carson_Irrigation_District
Truckee_lake
Truckee_Range
Truckee_River
Trucker
Trucker's_hitch
Trucker's_hitch
Truckers
Trucker_hat
Truckle
Truckmen
Trucks
Truckstand
Truckstop
Trucks_(band)
Trucks_(short_story)
Truck_(disambiguation)
Truck_bomb
Truck_bomb
Truck_bombing
Truck_Dismount
Truck_driver's_gear_change
Truck_drivers
Truck_Festival
Truck_manufacturers
Truck_manufacturers
Truck_manufacturing
Truck_Records
Truck_stop
Truck_system
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