#REDIRECT Tongyong Pinyin
Tongyong Pinyin (通用拼音, literally "Universal/General Usage Sound-combining") is the current official romanization of the Chinese language adopted by the national government (although not all local governments) of the Republic of China (on Taiwan) since late 2000, announced by the Mandarin Promotion Council of the Ministry of Education. Like all previous ROC official romanizations, it is based on the official Chinese dialect of Mandarin (linguistics). Around 80 percent of the Tongyong Pinyin syllables are spelled identically to those of Mainland China's Hanyu Pinyin. == History == Tongyong Pinyin is the successor of MPS II. Created by Yu Bor-chuan (余伯泉, Yu Boquan) in 1998, Tongyong Pinyin has been modified several times since. == Features == === Spelling === Notable features of Tongyong Pinyin are: * Hanyu ''zh'' becomes ''jh'' (Wade-Giles uses ''ch''). * Hanyu ''x'' and ''q'' become ''s'' and ''c'' (Wade-Giles uses ''hs'' and ''ch'''). This does not result in confusion, because ''s'' and ''c'' never go with front vowel rhymes while ''x'' and ''q'' always do. ** ''x'' and ''q'' are completely unused in Mandarin Tongyong Pinyin as a result * The Hanyu ''i'' not represented in Zhuyin -- the empty rime (空韻) -- are shown as ''ih'' (partially like Wade-Giles), i.e, those in Hanyu as ''zi'' (資), ''ci'' (慈), ''si'' (思), ''zhi'' (知), ''chi'' (吃), ''shi'' (詩), and ''ri'' (日) all end in ''-ih'' in Tongyong. * ''eng'' becomes ''ong'' after ''b-, p-, m-, f-, w-'' (蹦、碰、孟、奉、瓮) * ''wen'' (溫) becomes ''wun'' * ''iong'' becomes ''yong'', e.g. ''syong'' instead of pinyin ''xiong'' (兇) * '''' (umlaut ''u'', as in 玉) is abandoned, and ''yu'' is used in all situations, including when the two dots are dropped under Hanyu Pinyin rules. * Unlike Wade-Giles and Hanyu, ''iu'' and ''ui'' (e.g., ''liu'' (六) and ''gui'' (鬼)) contractions can be optionally written out in full as ''iou'' and ''uei''. However, according to the Ministry of the Interior, in romanizations of names of places that is at township-level or below township-level, the letters must be written in full. * Although the original scheme did not specify capitalization of the first letter of every syllable, Taipei has done so with almost every street sign in the city, resulting in a CamelCase-like effect. For example, ''Beitou'' is written as ''BeiTou''. The CamelCase practice started with Hanyu Pinyu very unofficially with the raise of the Internet, and had rarely made out into the printed world until now. ===Punctuation=== * Tongyong syllables in the same word (except placenames) are to be separated by hyphens, like Wade-Giles. Except that, in Ministry of the Interior's romanizations, placenames have no spaces between the syllables. * Tongyong uses tone (tonal language) marks like Zhuyin, and not like Hanyu, i.e., Tongyong has no mark for the first tone, but a dot for the neutral tone (which is optional on computers). * The optional syllable disambiguity mark is apostrophe (like Hanyu), e.g., ''ji'nan'' vs. ''jin'an''. The mark may also, as in the Ministry of the Interior placenames, be hyphen. == Adaption and Criticism == Some have argued that Tongyong Pinyin is ridiculous in assigning the letters 'c' and 's' more than one phonetic inital. Furthermore, every single Mandarin syllable can be expressed in equal or fewer keystrokes in Hanyu Pinyin. The largest difficulty lies in the fact that Hanyu Pinyin is already not only the standard of the PRC, but also the internationally accepted ISO standard for the romanization of Mandarin Chinese. Thus, for those who have studied Mandarin anywhere outside Taiwan or accustomed to doing business in China, Hanyu Pinyin is indespensible. However, supporters argue that Tongyong Pinyin avoids the ''j'', ''q'', and ''x'' characters that often leave those who have not studied Mandarin clueless on the appropriate pronunciation. Many supporters of Hanyu Pinyin rebut that it only takes a few minutes to learn the pronunciations of ''j'', ''q'' and ''x''. Even though in early October 2000, the Mandarin Commission of the Ministry of Education proposed to use Tongyong Pinyin as the national standard, Education Minister Ovid Tzeng (曾志朗) submitted a draft of the Taiwanese Romanization in late October to the Executive Yuan, but it was rejected. The adoption of Tongyong Pinyin has also resulted in political controversy. Much of the controversy centered on issues of national identity with proponents of Chinese reunification favoring the hanyu pinyin system which is used on the Mainland and proponents of Taiwan independence favoring the use of tongyong pinyin, and declaring it the "Natural Pinyin" (自然拼音). In October 2002, the ROC government adopted Tongyong Pinyin but through an administrative order which local governments can override. Localities with governments controlled by the Kuomintang, most notably Taipei City, have overridden the order and are using hanyu pinyin for local signs in accordance with the wishes of various groups representing foreign businesses. This creates the odd situation in which adjacent signs have different pinyin based on which government controls them. In part because of the lack of agreement of which pinyin to use, the goal of the Ministry of Education to replace bopomofo with pinyin to teach pronunciation in elementary school remains stalled as of 2003. Tongyong Pinyin also has a Taiwanese language phonetic symbol version (台語音標版) that uses ''v'' (for 万) but not ''f''. == External links == * [http://research.chtsai.org/papers/pinyin-comparison.html Linguistic analysis] * [http://www.romanization.com/tongyong/differences.html Hanyu-Tongyong comparison chart] * [http://abc.iis.sinica.edu.tw/pinyinfangan.htm Formal documents] (in Traditional Chinese): from Academia Sinica * [http://sources.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%9C%B0%E5%90%8D%E8%AD%AF%E5%AF%AB%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87 Toponomastic Rules] (in Traditional Chinese): from Wikisource *http://www.romanization.com/ Chinese language romanization Mandarin terms zh-tw:通用拼音
"However, this difference is enough to make anti-unificationists satisfied (and declare it "Natural Pinyin" (自然拼音)), and yet make those Hanyu Pinyin supporters dissatisfied. " This is not an issue as clear cut as having unificationists support Hanyu Pinyin and separatists favor Tongyong Pinyin. There are other reasons to oppose both or support both. It should be noted that part of the criticism w/ Tongyong is that it's confusing to have different sounds be assigned the same letter. This is not a simple political issue. --User:Jiang 22:22, 16 Aug 2003 (UTC) ---- "Around 90% of the Tongyong Pinyin syllables are spelled identically to those of Mainland China's Hanyu Pinyin, mainly with a few consonants changed." I've corrected this to read "Around 80 percent"; Tongyong and Hanyu use the same spellings for 83 out of 410 Mandarin syllables. I've also deleted "mainly with a few consonants changed" because about half of differently spelled syllables have vowel changes exclusively or as well. -- User:Taibeiren ---- == On Taiwan == :Tongyong Pinyin (通用拼音, literally "Universal/General Usage Sound-combining") is the current official romanization of the Chinese language adopted by the national government (although not all local governments) of the Republic of China (on Taiwan) since late 2000 What is "on Taiwan" meant to mean? This is a grammatical mistake, but I don't know what to correct it to. User:Lupin 10:02, 17 Jun 2004 (UTC) : It means the Republic of China is based on the island of Taiwan. Does that make sense, if not, ask User:Jiang, I copied this style off him. --User:Menchi 11:23, 17 Jun 2004 (UTC) :: Wait, no, Jiang wrote that himself [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Tongyong_Pinyin&diff=1621489&oldid=1594955]. This is not a good thing I'm mistakening other people's edits with mine.... >_< --User:Menchi 11:27, 17 Jun 2004 (UTC) The phrase "Republic of China on Taiwan" was already ubiquitous when I stumbled upon this site. I added it so people wouldnt get confused and think that this is the official romanization of the PRC (or rather, it would make those clueless people more confused so they would click on the links to learn). "Republic of China on Taiwan" is not an uncommon description, and was used by the Lee Teng-hui administration to describe ROC/Taiwan (it was used on UN membership resolutions). The Republic of China is the political entity; Taiwan is where the government is based and what it controls. Alternatively, we could use "Republic of China (Taiwan)", which is used by the current Chen Shui-bian administration to denote that the ROC is not merely ''on'' Taiwan, but it ''is'' Taiwan. There are basically a bunch of political intricacies involved here; the main purpose is to denote that "Taiwan" is somehow involved here for those without a clue. --User:JiangUser talk:Jiang 11:43, 17 Jun 2004 (UTC) :OK, I think I begin to understand now. However it's ''very'' confusing for people who don't know about these things. I suggest either # Change "government of the Republic of China on Taiwan" to "government of Taiwan", since they have the same meaning (unless I still don't understand, which is quite possible) and talk about the political intricacies on the Taiwan page. # Make a page Republic of China on Taiwan and link to that. Then confused people could click on that for an explanation. :The first option would be more easily understandable, I feel. User:Lupin 12:34, 17 Jun 2004 (UTC) #This would require a change in the Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Chinese) and should be discussed there. IMO, it's not NPOV to say that Republic of China=Taiwan. It's the position of moderate supporters of Taiwan independence that this is the case and a slight snub for supporters of Chinese reunification. Technically speaking, it's like saying United Kingdom=Great Britain since Quemoy/Matsu Islands are neither part of the Taiwan Province nor the island. But on the other hand, everyones doing it, so Taiwan can be a "conventional short form" for the ROC. #I'm not sure about sending people to a lecuture on the politics when theyre interested in the country/government. Rather, we should discuss at the beginning of the [Republic of China] and [Taiwan] articles the political controversy/status. I thought this was already done, but let me know if it still needs improvement. I plan to expand the article on Chinese Taipei (and rename it) to a discussion on the various monkiers and official designations for the ROC/Taiwan, but Im not sure how it would play into this. I think User:Roadrunner is responsible for theRepublic of China on Taiwan text I first stumbled on. Since then, I've also used Republic of China (Taiwan) and Republic of China. Are those similarly confusing? --User:JiangUser talk:Jiang 14:50, 17 Jun 2004 (UTC)
: Republic of China (Taiwan) looks OK to me. Republic of China looks utterly confusing: there are already articles Republic of China and Taiwan, and clicking a link which says Taiwan and ending up at Republic of China might make me think that they are exactly the same entity. Or at least confuse me a bit :) User:Lupin 18:42, 17 Jun 2004 (UTC)
----
It seems in Taipei that Han Yu Pin Yin is becoming popular since the street signs, most buses and mrt now use it. Han Yu Pin Yin is the international standard, Taiwan should use it too. -Anonymous
#REDIRECT Tongyong Pinyin
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Words begining with Tongyong_Pinyin:
TongYong_PinYin
Tongyong_Pinyin
Tongyong_Pinyin
Tongyong_pinyin
TongYong PinYin
#REDIRECT Tongyong Pinyin
Tongyong Pinyin
Tongyong Pinyin (通用拼音, literally "Universal/General Usage Sound-combining") is the current official romanization of the Chinese language adopted by the national government (although not all local governments) of the Republic of China (on Taiwan) since late 2000, announced by the Mandarin Promotion Council of the Ministry of Education. Like all previous ROC official romanizations, it is based on the official Chinese dialect of Mandarin (linguistics). Around 80 percent of the Tongyong Pinyin syllables are spelled identically to those of Mainland China's Hanyu Pinyin. == History == Tongyong Pinyin is the successor of MPS II. Created by Yu Bor-chuan (余伯泉, Yu Boquan) in 1998, Tongyong Pinyin has been modified several times since. == Features == === Spelling === Notable features of Tongyong Pinyin are: * Hanyu ''zh'' becomes ''jh'' (Wade-Giles uses ''ch''). * Hanyu ''x'' and ''q'' become ''s'' and ''c'' (Wade-Giles uses ''hs'' and ''ch'''). This does not result in confusion, because ''s'' and ''c'' never go with front vowel rhymes while ''x'' and ''q'' always do. ** ''x'' and ''q'' are completely unused in Mandarin Tongyong Pinyin as a result * The Hanyu ''i'' not represented in Zhuyin -- the empty rime (空韻) -- are shown as ''ih'' (partially like Wade-Giles), i.e, those in Hanyu as ''zi'' (資), ''ci'' (慈), ''si'' (思), ''zhi'' (知), ''chi'' (吃), ''shi'' (詩), and ''ri'' (日) all end in ''-ih'' in Tongyong. * ''eng'' becomes ''ong'' after ''b-, p-, m-, f-, w-'' (蹦、碰、孟、奉、瓮) * ''wen'' (溫) becomes ''wun'' * ''iong'' becomes ''yong'', e.g. ''syong'' instead of pinyin ''xiong'' (兇) * '''' (umlaut ''u'', as in 玉) is abandoned, and ''yu'' is used in all situations, including when the two dots are dropped under Hanyu Pinyin rules. * Unlike Wade-Giles and Hanyu, ''iu'' and ''ui'' (e.g., ''liu'' (六) and ''gui'' (鬼)) contractions can be optionally written out in full as ''iou'' and ''uei''. However, according to the Ministry of the Interior, in romanizations of names of places that is at township-level or below township-level, the letters must be written in full. * Although the original scheme did not specify capitalization of the first letter of every syllable, Taipei has done so with almost every street sign in the city, resulting in a CamelCase-like effect. For example, ''Beitou'' is written as ''BeiTou''. The CamelCase practice started with Hanyu Pinyu very unofficially with the raise of the Internet, and had rarely made out into the printed world until now. ===Punctuation=== * Tongyong syllables in the same word (except placenames) are to be separated by hyphens, like Wade-Giles. Except that, in Ministry of the Interior's romanizations, placenames have no spaces between the syllables. * Tongyong uses tone (tonal language) marks like Zhuyin, and not like Hanyu, i.e., Tongyong has no mark for the first tone, but a dot for the neutral tone (which is optional on computers). * The optional syllable disambiguity mark is apostrophe (like Hanyu), e.g., ''ji'nan'' vs. ''jin'an''. The mark may also, as in the Ministry of the Interior placenames, be hyphen. == Adaption and Criticism == Some have argued that Tongyong Pinyin is ridiculous in assigning the letters 'c' and 's' more than one phonetic inital. Furthermore, every single Mandarin syllable can be expressed in equal or fewer keystrokes in Hanyu Pinyin. The largest difficulty lies in the fact that Hanyu Pinyin is already not only the standard of the PRC, but also the internationally accepted ISO standard for the romanization of Mandarin Chinese. Thus, for those who have studied Mandarin anywhere outside Taiwan or accustomed to doing business in China, Hanyu Pinyin is indespensible. However, supporters argue that Tongyong Pinyin avoids the ''j'', ''q'', and ''x'' characters that often leave those who have not studied Mandarin clueless on the appropriate pronunciation. Many supporters of Hanyu Pinyin rebut that it only takes a few minutes to learn the pronunciations of ''j'', ''q'' and ''x''. Even though in early October 2000, the Mandarin Commission of the Ministry of Education proposed to use Tongyong Pinyin as the national standard, Education Minister Ovid Tzeng (曾志朗) submitted a draft of the Taiwanese Romanization in late October to the Executive Yuan, but it was rejected. The adoption of Tongyong Pinyin has also resulted in political controversy. Much of the controversy centered on issues of national identity with proponents of Chinese reunification favoring the hanyu pinyin system which is used on the Mainland and proponents of Taiwan independence favoring the use of tongyong pinyin, and declaring it the "Natural Pinyin" (自然拼音). In October 2002, the ROC government adopted Tongyong Pinyin but through an administrative order which local governments can override. Localities with governments controlled by the Kuomintang, most notably Taipei City, have overridden the order and are using hanyu pinyin for local signs in accordance with the wishes of various groups representing foreign businesses. This creates the odd situation in which adjacent signs have different pinyin based on which government controls them. In part because of the lack of agreement of which pinyin to use, the goal of the Ministry of Education to replace bopomofo with pinyin to teach pronunciation in elementary school remains stalled as of 2003. Tongyong Pinyin also has a Taiwanese language phonetic symbol version (台語音標版) that uses ''v'' (for 万) but not ''f''. == External links == * [http://research.chtsai.org/papers/pinyin-comparison.html Linguistic analysis] * [http://www.romanization.com/tongyong/differences.html Hanyu-Tongyong comparison chart] * [http://abc.iis.sinica.edu.tw/pinyinfangan.htm Formal documents] (in Traditional Chinese): from Academia Sinica * [http://sources.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%9C%B0%E5%90%8D%E8%AD%AF%E5%AF%AB%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87 Toponomastic Rules] (in Traditional Chinese): from Wikisource *http://www.romanization.com/ Chinese language romanization Mandarin terms zh-tw:通用拼音
Tongyong Pinyin
"However, this difference is enough to make anti-unificationists satisfied (and declare it "Natural Pinyin" (自然拼音)), and yet make those Hanyu Pinyin supporters dissatisfied. " This is not an issue as clear cut as having unificationists support Hanyu Pinyin and separatists favor Tongyong Pinyin. There are other reasons to oppose both or support both. It should be noted that part of the criticism w/ Tongyong is that it's confusing to have different sounds be assigned the same letter. This is not a simple political issue. --User:Jiang 22:22, 16 Aug 2003 (UTC) ---- "Around 90% of the Tongyong Pinyin syllables are spelled identically to those of Mainland China's Hanyu Pinyin, mainly with a few consonants changed." I've corrected this to read "Around 80 percent"; Tongyong and Hanyu use the same spellings for 83 out of 410 Mandarin syllables. I've also deleted "mainly with a few consonants changed" because about half of differently spelled syllables have vowel changes exclusively or as well. -- User:Taibeiren ---- == On Taiwan == :Tongyong Pinyin (通用拼音, literally "Universal/General Usage Sound-combining") is the current official romanization of the Chinese language adopted by the national government (although not all local governments) of the Republic of China (on Taiwan) since late 2000 What is "on Taiwan" meant to mean? This is a grammatical mistake, but I don't know what to correct it to. User:Lupin 10:02, 17 Jun 2004 (UTC) : It means the Republic of China is based on the island of Taiwan. Does that make sense, if not, ask User:Jiang, I copied this style off him. --User:Menchi 11:23, 17 Jun 2004 (UTC) :: Wait, no, Jiang wrote that himself [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Tongyong_Pinyin&diff=1621489&oldid=1594955]. This is not a good thing I'm mistakening other people's edits with mine.... >_< --User:Menchi 11:27, 17 Jun 2004 (UTC) The phrase "Republic of China on Taiwan" was already ubiquitous when I stumbled upon this site. I added it so people wouldnt get confused and think that this is the official romanization of the PRC (or rather, it would make those clueless people more confused so they would click on the links to learn). "Republic of China on Taiwan" is not an uncommon description, and was used by the Lee Teng-hui administration to describe ROC/Taiwan (it was used on UN membership resolutions). The Republic of China is the political entity; Taiwan is where the government is based and what it controls. Alternatively, we could use "Republic of China (Taiwan)", which is used by the current Chen Shui-bian administration to denote that the ROC is not merely ''on'' Taiwan, but it ''is'' Taiwan. There are basically a bunch of political intricacies involved here; the main purpose is to denote that "Taiwan" is somehow involved here for those without a clue. --User:JiangUser talk:Jiang 11:43, 17 Jun 2004 (UTC) :OK, I think I begin to understand now. However it's ''very'' confusing for people who don't know about these things. I suggest either # Change "government of the Republic of China on Taiwan" to "government of Taiwan", since they have the same meaning (unless I still don't understand, which is quite possible) and talk about the political intricacies on the Taiwan page. # Make a page Republic of China on Taiwan and link to that. Then confused people could click on that for an explanation. :The first option would be more easily understandable, I feel. User:Lupin 12:34, 17 Jun 2004 (UTC) #This would require a change in the Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Chinese) and should be discussed there. IMO, it's not NPOV to say that Republic of China=Taiwan. It's the position of moderate supporters of Taiwan independence that this is the case and a slight snub for supporters of Chinese reunification. Technically speaking, it's like saying United Kingdom=Great Britain since Quemoy/Matsu Islands are neither part of the Taiwan Province nor the island. But on the other hand, everyones doing it, so Taiwan can be a "conventional short form" for the ROC. #I'm not sure about sending people to a lecuture on the politics when theyre interested in the country/government. Rather, we should discuss at the beginning of the [Republic of China] and [Taiwan] articles the political controversy/status. I thought this was already done, but let me know if it still needs improvement. I plan to expand the article on Chinese Taipei (and rename it) to a discussion on the various monkiers and official designations for the ROC/Taiwan, but Im not sure how it would play into this. I think User:Roadrunner is responsible for the
Tongyong pinyin
#REDIRECT Tongyong Pinyin
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TA | TB | TC | TD | TE | TF | TG | TH | TI | TJ | TK | TL | TŁ | TM | TN | TO | TP | TR | TS | TU | TW | TX | TY | TZ |Words begining with Tongyong_Pinyin:
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