{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон
Jumhurii Tojikiston
|- | style="background:#ffffff;" align=center colspan=2 | {| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 | align=center width=148 | | align=center width=148 | |- | align=center width=148 | Flag of Tajikistan | align=center width=148 | Coat of Arms of Tajikistan |} |- | align=center colspan=2 style="background: #ffffff;" | |- | National anthem | ''Surudi milli'' |- | Official language | Tajik language |- | Capital | Dushanbe |- | List of Presidents of Tajikistan | Emomali Rahmonov |- | List of Prime Ministers of Tajikistan | Akil Akilov |- | Area
– Total
– % water | List of countries by area
143,100 square kilometre
0.3% |- | Population
– Total (2003)
– Population density | List of countries by population
6,863,752
48/km² |- | Collapse of the Soviet Union
– Date | From Soviet Union
September 9, 1991 |- | Currency | Tajikistani Somoni |- | Time zone | Coordinated Universal Time +5 |- | List of country calling codes | 992 |- | Top-level domain | .tj |} The Republic of Tajikistan (Тоҷикистон), formerly known as the ''Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic'', is a country in Central Asia. It has borders with Afghanistan, China, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan. Tajikistan means the 'Land of the Tajiks'. == History == ''Main article: History of Tajikistan'' Humans have been permanently installed in the land that is now Tajikistan since 4,000 BC. The land has been under the rule of various empires throughout history, mostly the Persian Empire. Before AD, it was part of the Bactrian Empire. Arabs brought Islam in the 7th century. The Samanids supplanted the Arabs but was eventually superseded by Turkic invaders. The Mongols would later take control of the area, and Tajikistan would become a part of the emirate of Bukhara. In the 19th century, the Russian Empire began to expand, and spread into Central Asia. During the Great Game, it came in control of Tajikistan. After the overthrow of the Tsar in 1917, Tajik guerillas waged a war against Bolshevik armies in a futile attempt to maintain independence. The Bolsheviks would prevail after a four year war, in which mosques and villages were burned down and the population heavily suppressed. As part of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan was initially grouped with what is now Uzbekistan in the Autonomous SSR of Tajikistan, but was later made a separate constituent republic. Moscow did not do much to develop the Tajik SSR, and it remained relatively behind other Soviet Republics in living conditions, education and industry. In the 1970s Islamic underground parties began to form, and served to rally Tajiks against the USSR, but real disturbances did not occur until 1990. The following year, the USSR collapsed, and Tajikistan declared its independence. The nation almost immediately fell into a civil war that involved various factions fighting one another, these factions were often distinguished by tribal loyalties. Emomali Rahmonov was the first leader of the nation, and continues to rule to this day. However, he has been accused of ethnic cleansing against other ethnicities and groups during the Tajikistan Civil War. In 1997 a cease-fire was reached between Rahmonov and opposition parties (United Tajik Opposition). Peaceful elections were held in 1999, but they were reported by the opposition as unfair, and Rahmonov was re-elected by almost unanimous vote. Russian troops continue to be stationed in southern Tajikistan, in order to guard the border with Afghanistan. Since the September 11th Attacks, United States troops have also been stationed in the country. == Politics == ''Main article: Politics of Tajikistan'' Almost immediately after independence, Tajikistan was plunged into a civil war that saw various factions, allegedly backed by Russia and Iran, fighting one another. All but 25,000 of the more than 400,000 ethnic Russian middle-management middle class fled to Russia. By 1997 the war had cooled down, and a central government began to take form. Tajikistan is officially a republic, and holds elections for the List of Presidents of Tajikistan and Parliament. The latest elections occurred in 2005, and as all previous elections, international observers believe them to have been flawed, arrousing many accusations from opposition parties that President Emomali Rakhmonov intervenes with the election process. In the Parliament, opposition groups have often clashed with the ruling party, but this has not led to great instability. *[http://www.oneworld.org/ips2/may/tajik.html Account of events from independence leading to the Bishkek agreement of 1997] == Provinces == ''Main article: Provinces of Tajikistan'' Tajikistan is divided into regions, or provinces (singular: viloyat, plural: viloyatho) (capitals in parentheses)- *Khatlon ''Viloyati Khatlon'' (Qurghonteppa) *Sughd ''Viloyati Sughd'' (Khujand) *Karotegin (Kofarnihon) and one autonomous province (viloyati mukhtor)- *Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region (GBAR) ''Viloyati Mukhtori Kuhistoni Badakhshon'' (Khorugh). Additionally, the area containing the capital (RRS, ''Region of Republican Subordination''), Dushanbe, has no viloyat-level administrative divisions. note: the administrative center name follows in parentheses == Geography == ''Main article: Geography of Tajikistan'' Tajikistan is landlocked, and is the smallest nation in Central Asia by area. It is covered by mountains of the Pamir range, and more than fifty percent of the country is 3,000 meters (approx. 10,000 feet) above sea level. The Amu-Darya and Pyanj River rivers mark the border with Afghanistan. == Economy == ''Main article: Economy of Tajikistan'' Tajikistan is the poorest country of the ex-Soviet Union and one of the poorest countries in the world. With foreign revenue precariously dependent upon exports of cotton and aluminum, the economy is highly vulnerable to external shocks. In FY 2000, international assistance remained an essential source of support for rehabilitation programs that reintegrated former civil war combatants into the civilian economy, thus helping keep the peace. International assistance also was necessary to address the second year of severe drought that resulted in a continued shortfall of food production. On August 21st 2001, the Red Cross announced that a famine was striking Tajikistan, and called for international aid for Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. == Demographics == ''Main article: Demographics of Tajikistan'' Tajikistan has a population of 7,011,556 (July 2004). The major ethnic group is the Tajik, although there is a sizeable minority of Uzbeks, and a small population of Russians, whose numbers are declining due to emigration. Pamiris of Badakhshan are considered to belong to larger group of Tajiks. Likewise, the official language of Tajikistan is Tajik language, while Russian language is largely spoken in business and for government purposes. Although the Tajik and Uzbek are now classified as separate ethnic groups, on account of their languages, this is a relatively new phenomenon and originates from the conquest of Central Asia by the Russian Empire in the 19th century. Despite its poverty, Tajikistan has a high rate of literacy with an estimated 98% of the population having the ability to read and write. Most of the population follows Sunni Islam, although a sizeable number of Shia are present as well. == Culture == ''Main article: Culture of Tajikistan'' The culture of Tajikistan was originally shared with that of Uzbekistan, but during Communist rule, the cultural fabric of the region was disrupted by the Soviet leadership imposing artificial boundaries and the notion of nation-state - alien to the region - on the area. This has not been completely detrimental though, as Tajikistan was known for its theater and famous novelists during the Soviet era. Among these writers were individuals who strove to purify the Tajik language by tying it in more with Persian language and eliminating Arabic language loanwords. Most citizens of Tajikistan are Muslim. The impact of Islam has grown in recent years, and was a strong bonding force during Tajikistan's fight against Soviet rule and during its civil war. Historically, a lot of Tajik culture ties it to the Irann past of the region, and Persian writers, scientists and poets such as Ibn Sina, Firdausi, Rudaki, and Omar Khayyam are especially revered. * Music of Tajikistan * Islam in Tajikistan * Public holidays in Tajikistan == Miscellaneous topics == * Communications in Tajikistan * Transportation in Tajikistan * Military of Tajikistan * Foreign relations of Tajikistan ==Democracy== * [http://www.thinking-east.net/site/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=93 "We have to wait a little bit, and the nation will rebel itself"] by Daler Rahimov * [http://www.thinking-east.net/site/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=78&Itemid=56 Tajik elections need international support] by Daler Rahimov ==Culture== * [http://www.thinking-east.net/site/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=55&Itemid=56 The Mosque and State in Tajikistan] by Daler Rahimov ==External links and references== * Text in the sub-articles from the CIA World Factbook, 2000 and 2003 * [http://tajikistan.tajnet.com/ Tajikistan general portal site] * [http://www.khovar.tj/ Khovar] Tajikistan news agency. * [http://www.tajik-gateway.org/ Tajik Development Gateway] Central Asian countries Tajikistan fa:تاجیکستان ka:ტაჯიკეთი lv:Tadžikistāna zh-min-nan:Tajikistan nds:Tadschikistan tg:Тоҷикистон th:ประเทศทาจิกิสถาน
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajikistan
Central Asian countries fa:Category:تاجیکستان ka:კატეგორია:ტაჯიკეთი
Can someone work a mention of Otakhon Latifi in here somewhere? The article is awfully close to being an orphan. User:Ambi 12:55, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC) Culture of Tajikistan ''An event mentioned in this article is a Template:September 9 selected anniversaries''. -----
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
Words begining with Tajikistan:
Tajikistan
Tajikistan
Tajikistan
Tajikistan
Tajikistan/Communications
Tajikistan/Economy
Tajikistan/Geography
Tajikistan/Government
Tajikistan/History
Tajikistan/Military
Tajikistan/People
Tajikistan/Transnational_issues
Tajikistan/Transportation
Tajikistani_Somoni
Tajikistani_somoni
Tajikistan_Airlines
Tajikistan_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics
Tajikistan_Civil_War
Tajikistan_national_football_team
Tajikistan
{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон
Jumhurii Tojikiston
|- | style="background:#ffffff;" align=center colspan=2 | {| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 | align=center width=148 | | align=center width=148 | |- | align=center width=148 | Flag of Tajikistan | align=center width=148 | Coat of Arms of Tajikistan |} |- | align=center colspan=2 style="background: #ffffff;" | |- | National anthem | ''Surudi milli'' |- | Official language | Tajik language |- | Capital | Dushanbe |- | List of Presidents of Tajikistan | Emomali Rahmonov |- | List of Prime Ministers of Tajikistan | Akil Akilov |- | Area
– Total
– % water | List of countries by area
143,100 square kilometre
0.3% |- | Population
– Total (2003)
– Population density | List of countries by population
6,863,752
48/km² |- | Collapse of the Soviet Union
– Date | From Soviet Union
September 9, 1991 |- | Currency | Tajikistani Somoni |- | Time zone | Coordinated Universal Time +5 |- | List of country calling codes | 992 |- | Top-level domain | .tj |} The Republic of Tajikistan (Тоҷикистон), formerly known as the ''Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic'', is a country in Central Asia. It has borders with Afghanistan, China, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan. Tajikistan means the 'Land of the Tajiks'. == History == ''Main article: History of Tajikistan'' Humans have been permanently installed in the land that is now Tajikistan since 4,000 BC. The land has been under the rule of various empires throughout history, mostly the Persian Empire. Before AD, it was part of the Bactrian Empire. Arabs brought Islam in the 7th century. The Samanids supplanted the Arabs but was eventually superseded by Turkic invaders. The Mongols would later take control of the area, and Tajikistan would become a part of the emirate of Bukhara. In the 19th century, the Russian Empire began to expand, and spread into Central Asia. During the Great Game, it came in control of Tajikistan. After the overthrow of the Tsar in 1917, Tajik guerillas waged a war against Bolshevik armies in a futile attempt to maintain independence. The Bolsheviks would prevail after a four year war, in which mosques and villages were burned down and the population heavily suppressed. As part of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan was initially grouped with what is now Uzbekistan in the Autonomous SSR of Tajikistan, but was later made a separate constituent republic. Moscow did not do much to develop the Tajik SSR, and it remained relatively behind other Soviet Republics in living conditions, education and industry. In the 1970s Islamic underground parties began to form, and served to rally Tajiks against the USSR, but real disturbances did not occur until 1990. The following year, the USSR collapsed, and Tajikistan declared its independence. The nation almost immediately fell into a civil war that involved various factions fighting one another, these factions were often distinguished by tribal loyalties. Emomali Rahmonov was the first leader of the nation, and continues to rule to this day. However, he has been accused of ethnic cleansing against other ethnicities and groups during the Tajikistan Civil War. In 1997 a cease-fire was reached between Rahmonov and opposition parties (United Tajik Opposition). Peaceful elections were held in 1999, but they were reported by the opposition as unfair, and Rahmonov was re-elected by almost unanimous vote. Russian troops continue to be stationed in southern Tajikistan, in order to guard the border with Afghanistan. Since the September 11th Attacks, United States troops have also been stationed in the country. == Politics == ''Main article: Politics of Tajikistan'' Almost immediately after independence, Tajikistan was plunged into a civil war that saw various factions, allegedly backed by Russia and Iran, fighting one another. All but 25,000 of the more than 400,000 ethnic Russian middle-management middle class fled to Russia. By 1997 the war had cooled down, and a central government began to take form. Tajikistan is officially a republic, and holds elections for the List of Presidents of Tajikistan and Parliament. The latest elections occurred in 2005, and as all previous elections, international observers believe them to have been flawed, arrousing many accusations from opposition parties that President Emomali Rakhmonov intervenes with the election process. In the Parliament, opposition groups have often clashed with the ruling party, but this has not led to great instability. *[http://www.oneworld.org/ips2/may/tajik.html Account of events from independence leading to the Bishkek agreement of 1997] == Provinces == ''Main article: Provinces of Tajikistan'' Tajikistan is divided into regions, or provinces (singular: viloyat, plural: viloyatho) (capitals in parentheses)- *Khatlon ''Viloyati Khatlon'' (Qurghonteppa) *Sughd ''Viloyati Sughd'' (Khujand) *Karotegin (Kofarnihon) and one autonomous province (viloyati mukhtor)- *Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region (GBAR) ''Viloyati Mukhtori Kuhistoni Badakhshon'' (Khorugh). Additionally, the area containing the capital (RRS, ''Region of Republican Subordination''), Dushanbe, has no viloyat-level administrative divisions. note: the administrative center name follows in parentheses == Geography == ''Main article: Geography of Tajikistan'' Tajikistan is landlocked, and is the smallest nation in Central Asia by area. It is covered by mountains of the Pamir range, and more than fifty percent of the country is 3,000 meters (approx. 10,000 feet) above sea level. The Amu-Darya and Pyanj River rivers mark the border with Afghanistan. == Economy == ''Main article: Economy of Tajikistan'' Tajikistan is the poorest country of the ex-Soviet Union and one of the poorest countries in the world. With foreign revenue precariously dependent upon exports of cotton and aluminum, the economy is highly vulnerable to external shocks. In FY 2000, international assistance remained an essential source of support for rehabilitation programs that reintegrated former civil war combatants into the civilian economy, thus helping keep the peace. International assistance also was necessary to address the second year of severe drought that resulted in a continued shortfall of food production. On August 21st 2001, the Red Cross announced that a famine was striking Tajikistan, and called for international aid for Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. == Demographics == ''Main article: Demographics of Tajikistan'' Tajikistan has a population of 7,011,556 (July 2004). The major ethnic group is the Tajik, although there is a sizeable minority of Uzbeks, and a small population of Russians, whose numbers are declining due to emigration. Pamiris of Badakhshan are considered to belong to larger group of Tajiks. Likewise, the official language of Tajikistan is Tajik language, while Russian language is largely spoken in business and for government purposes. Although the Tajik and Uzbek are now classified as separate ethnic groups, on account of their languages, this is a relatively new phenomenon and originates from the conquest of Central Asia by the Russian Empire in the 19th century. Despite its poverty, Tajikistan has a high rate of literacy with an estimated 98% of the population having the ability to read and write. Most of the population follows Sunni Islam, although a sizeable number of Shia are present as well. == Culture == ''Main article: Culture of Tajikistan'' The culture of Tajikistan was originally shared with that of Uzbekistan, but during Communist rule, the cultural fabric of the region was disrupted by the Soviet leadership imposing artificial boundaries and the notion of nation-state - alien to the region - on the area. This has not been completely detrimental though, as Tajikistan was known for its theater and famous novelists during the Soviet era. Among these writers were individuals who strove to purify the Tajik language by tying it in more with Persian language and eliminating Arabic language loanwords. Most citizens of Tajikistan are Muslim. The impact of Islam has grown in recent years, and was a strong bonding force during Tajikistan's fight against Soviet rule and during its civil war. Historically, a lot of Tajik culture ties it to the Irann past of the region, and Persian writers, scientists and poets such as Ibn Sina, Firdausi, Rudaki, and Omar Khayyam are especially revered. * Music of Tajikistan * Islam in Tajikistan * Public holidays in Tajikistan == Miscellaneous topics == * Communications in Tajikistan * Transportation in Tajikistan * Military of Tajikistan * Foreign relations of Tajikistan ==Democracy== * [http://www.thinking-east.net/site/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=93 "We have to wait a little bit, and the nation will rebel itself"] by Daler Rahimov * [http://www.thinking-east.net/site/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=78&Itemid=56 Tajik elections need international support] by Daler Rahimov ==Culture== * [http://www.thinking-east.net/site/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=55&Itemid=56 The Mosque and State in Tajikistan] by Daler Rahimov ==External links and references== * Text in the sub-articles from the CIA World Factbook, 2000 and 2003 * [http://tajikistan.tajnet.com/ Tajikistan general portal site] * [http://www.khovar.tj/ Khovar] Tajikistan news agency. * [http://www.tajik-gateway.org/ Tajik Development Gateway] Central Asian countries Tajikistan fa:تاجیکستان ka:ტაჯიკეთი lv:Tadžikistāna zh-min-nan:Tajikistan nds:Tadschikistan tg:Тоҷикистон th:ประเทศทาจิกิสถาน
Tajikistan
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajikistan
Tajikistan
Central Asian countries fa:Category:تاجیکستان ka:კატეგორია:ტაჯიკეთი
Tajikistan
Can someone work a mention of Otakhon Latifi in here somewhere? The article is awfully close to being an orphan. User:Ambi 12:55, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC) Culture of Tajikistan ''An event mentioned in this article is a Template:September 9 selected anniversaries''. -----
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
T
TA | TB | TC | TD | TE | TF | TG | TH | TI | TJ | TK | TL | TŁ | TM | TN | TO | TP | TR | TS | TU | TW | TX | TY | TZ |Words begining with Tajikistan:
Tajikistan
Tajikistan
Tajikistan
Tajikistan
Tajikistan/Communications
Tajikistan/Economy
Tajikistan/Geography
Tajikistan/Government
Tajikistan/History
Tajikistan/Military
Tajikistan/People
Tajikistan/Transnational_issues
Tajikistan/Transportation
Tajikistani_Somoni
Tajikistani_somoni
Tajikistan_Airlines
Tajikistan_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics
Tajikistan_Civil_War
Tajikistan_national_football_team
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