
:''For the Macintosh operating system, which was called System up to version 7.5.5, see Mac OS.'' A system is an assemblage of inter-related elements comprising a unified whole. From the Latin and Greek, the term "system" meant to combine, to set up, to place together. A sub-system is a system which is part of another system. A system typically consists of components (or elements) which are connected together in order to facilitate the flow of information, matter or energy. The term is often used to describe a set of entities which interact, and for which a mathematical model can often be constructed. ==Background== At arbitrary boundaries, a collection of interrelated components may be declared a system and may further be abstracted to be declared a component of a larger system. Systems enable "activities" to be performed. (It is tempting to say that systems enable "things" to be done—but that is confusing in this context). An engineering example of a system is often a circuit or a physical series. Depending on the type of system, a system can often be distinguished from individual ''machines'', ''elements'' or ''processes'' of that system by the number, arrangements and complexity of those elements. For example, a pulley is a ''machine'', but an elevator, which incorporates pulleys (amongst other components), is a ''system''. Going to the doctor is a ''process'', but health care is a ''system''. In the natural world, we say that there are systems. For example, the solar system of nine planets orbiting the sun. In the human body, we refer to such systems as the nervous system, the circulatory system, the digestive system, the reproductive system, and the respiratory system. In addition, all so-called "things" (object) are actually systems. For example, a cup is an object, but it is also a system for holding hot or cold liquid, or other material. The cup has a certain shape and a handle, it is made of non-porous material and so on, and it is put together in such a way as to provide a useful function. Describing this thing makes up information, and defines a system. ==Types of systems== An open system can be influenced by events outside of the declared boundaries of a system. A closed system is self-contained: outside events can have no influence upon the system. In practice many things are a mixture of the two. For example a prison is a closed system because the prisoners can't get out, and the wardens spend most of their time at the prison. However it is also an open system, because it depends on outside factors and the prisoners and wardens do go outside. Dynamic systems have components or flows or both, that change over time. Another distinction is the relation of physical systems to conceptual systems. Physical systems are systems of matter and energy. Conceptual systems are made up of ideas. Conceptual systems generally exist to aid in the accomplishment of specific goals or may be used to model physical systems. ==Systems in information and computer science== In computer science and information science, system could also be a method or an algorithm. Again, an example will illustrate: There are systems of counting, as with Roman numerals, and various systems for filing papers, or catalogues, and various library systems, of which the Dewey Decimal System is an example. This still fits with the definition of components which are connected together (in this case in order to facilitate the flow of information). System can also be used referring to a framework, be it software or hardware, designed to allow software to run, see platform (computing). ==Systems in operations research and management science== In operations research and organizational development (OD), organizations are viewed as human systems (conceptual systems) of interacting components such as sub-systems, processes and organizational structures. Organizational development theorist Peter Senge developed the notion of organizations as systems in his book ''The Fifth Discipline''. Systems thinking has been identified as an important leadership competency where an individual thinks globally when acting locally. Such person takes into account the potential consequences of a decision on other parts of the organization. Organizational theorists such as Margaret J. Wheatley have also described the workings of organizational systems in new contexts, such as quantum physics, chaos theory, and the self-organizing systems. ==See also== *Chaos theory *Complex systems *Computer system *Cybernetics *Donella Meadows' twelve leverage points to intervene in a system *General semantics *Holarchy *Meta-systems *Socio-technical systems *Solar System *Systems theory *Systems thinking == External links == *[http://www.worldtrans.org/whole.html An introduction to ''Whole Systems''] *[http://ratjed.com/?systems Conceptual Systems vs. Physical Systems] *[http://www.platinumsolutions.bravehost.com business solutions systems] *[http://www.airhive.net/modules.php?op=modload&name=4nAlbum&file=index&do=showpic&pid=29&orderby=dateD Video: Basic example of a wireless networking system] Cybernetics Systems theory fa:سامانه
I removed a section from a [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=System&oldid=11334976#Elements_which_can_also_be_called_systems/ previous version] of this article, "Elements which can also be called systems," because it does not match the given definition of a system: "an assemblage of inter-related elements comprising a unified whole." However, perhaps a list of sports scoring systems deserves a place somewhere else in this encyclopedia. User:Wiccan Quagga 21:41, 20 Mar 2005 (UTC) (Moved from User talk:Lexor on 2003-10-16 by Lexor): Lexor, why not use headings sections as a disambiguate means? User:Reddi :Because it looks like they are sections within an article, rather than separate meanings of single word. I don't think that there's specific policy here, but I think my approach is consistent with the current conventions. It also means that the article starts with a section, rather than a definition paragraph, which is not wikipedia format. If the article is getting long enough that you feel you need to include section headers, it's probably time to split off each individual section into a separate (disambiguated) article. My feeling is to keep the "science" section the main one, and move the other meanings to system (disambiguation). Alternatively, since the meanings aren't really that distinctive to a particular discipline (there's lots of overlap, perhaps we should make it a single article, in which case section headers are appropriate, but only after an intro paragraph. :What do you think, should we make a single article or a disambiguation page? --User:Lexor 13:06, 16 Oct 2003 (UTC) :: Since the meanings aren't really that distinctive to a particular discipline (there's lots of overlap, i'd would lean to t a single article), I guess it needs an intro paragraph and forward section (more than anything). Are the subsection too big to split off each individual section into a separate (disambiguated) article? Disambigs usually are short one sentences (for each item). Move the other meanings to system (disambiguation)? Make a note to see the disambiguation? If it's possible to keep the info [not slim it down (the others entries are relevant)]. I'd like a single article [just becuase there is alot of interdependence in the differing concepts], though a disambiguation page would be good too [if not slimmed down and there is an appropriate link page to goto]. I'll see if I can find the goto pages [I'll post them in the discussion on the article page, if I get some). I'd agree to keep the "science" section the main one (either way; it's the most general in it's use IMO). User:Reddi 23:38, 16 Oct 2003 (UTC) :::I'd vote to make this a single article and merge the existing text into several sections with an overall intro. It needs rewriting anyway. --User:Lexor 00:28, 17 Oct 2003 (UTC)
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
Words begining with System:
System
System
System's_Twilight
System-on-a-chip
System-on-Chip
System/23
System/3
System/32
System/34
System/34
System/36
System/360
System/360
System/370
System/38
System/390
System/390
System/4_Pi
System/88
System/9000
System/R
System3cs
System3cs
Systema
Systema
Systemantics
Systematic
Systematic
Systematics
Systematics
Systematics_(disambiguation)
Systematic_bias
Systematic_divinity
Systematic_element_name
Systematic_element_name
Systematic_error
Systematic_ideology
Systematic_musicology
Systematic_name
Systematic_name
Systematic_naming
Systematic_political_science
Systematic_political_science.
Systematic_risk
Systematic_sampling
Systematic_theology
Systematist
Systematization
Systematization_(Romania)
Systematization_(Romania)
Systema_Kadochnikowa
Systema_Naturae
Systema_Naturae/Temp
Systemboard
Systembolaget
Systembolaget
SystemBuilder
SystemBuilder
SystemC
Systeme_International
Système_International
Systeme_International_d'Unites
Système_International_d'Unités
Systeme_international_unit
Systeme_Panhard
Système_usuel
SystemicBiasToDo
Systemics
Systemics
Systemic_antibiotic
Systemic_bias
Systemic_bias
Systemic_carnitine_deficiency
Systemic_circulation
Systemic_error
Systemic_functional_grammar
Systemic_inflammatory_response_syndrome
Systemic_linguistics
Systemic_Lupus_Erythematosus
Systemic_lupus_erythematosus
Systemic_mastocytosis
Systemic_pesticide
Systemic_psychology
Systemic_risk
Systemic_sclerosis
Systemic_shock
Systemic_vascular_resistance
SystemOperator
SystemRescueCd
Systems
Systems
Systemshocked
Systems_(programming)
Systems_administrator
Systems_analysis
Systems_analysis
Systems_analyst
Systems_Applications_Products_audit
Systems_applications_products_audit
Systems_Application_Architecture
Systems_biology
Systems_biology
Systems_Commonwealth
Systems_Commonwealth
Systems_Concepts
Systems_control
Systems_design
Systems_design
Systems_designer
Systems_development_lifecycle
Systems_development_life_cycle
Systems_development_life_cycle
Systems_dynamics
Systems_Engineer
Systems_engineer
Systems_engineering
Systems_engineering
Systems_integration
Systems_level_programming
Systems_Management_Server
Systems_Network_Architecture
Systems_Network_Architecture
Systems_neuroscience
Systems_of_equations
Systems_of_Star_Wars
Systems_of_Star_Wars
Systems_of_units
Systems_of_units
Systems_of_zoological_classification
Systems_of_zoological_classification
Systems_Planning_and_Analysis
Systems_programming
Systems_programming_language
Systems_programming_languages
Systems_programming_languages
Systems_science
Systems_Theory
Systems_theory
Systems_theory
Systems_theory
Systems_theory_books
Systems_theory_in_Archaeology
Systems_theory_in_archaeology
Systems_theory_researchers
Systems_Thinking
Systems_thinking
Systems_thinking
Systems_thinking_books
Systems_Union
Systems_Union
Systemtray
Systemwars.com
System_(programming)
System_(thermodynamics)
System_3
System_32
System_32_(arcade)
System_34
System_36
System_360
System_370
System_38
System_390
System_390
System_4_Pi
System_5
System_6
System_7
System_7.5
System_7.6
System_7.6.1
System_7_(band)
System_7_(Macintosh)
System_7_(Macintosh)
System_Account_Manager
System_administration
System_administration
System_Administration_and_Networking_Engineering
System_Administrator
System_administrator
System_administrators
System_Administrators_Guild
System_Administrator_Appreciation_Day
System_agnostic
System_analysis
System_analysis
System_Application_Architecture
System_blocking
System_bus
System_call
System_call
System_calls
System_camera
System_context_diagram
System_crash
System_design
System_designer
System_Design_Life_Cycle
System_Design_Life_Cycle
System_Development_Corporation
System_Development_Life_Cycle
System_Development_Life_Cycle
System_dynamic
System_Dynamics
System_dynamics
System_dynamics
System_engineer
System_engineering
System_equivalence
System_equivance
System_F
System_flow
System_for_the_Vigilance_of_the_Amazon
System_functional_testing
System_identification
System_Identifier
System_identifier
System_idle_process
System_integrity
System_lifecycle
System_Lord
System_Lord
System_Lords
System_Management_Bus
System_Management_Server
System_network_architecture
System_network_architecture
System_Object_Model
System_Of_A_Down
System_of_A_Down
System_of_a_Down
System_of_a_Down
System_of_a_down
System_of_a_Down_(album)
System_of_a_Down_(album)
System_of_a_Down_albums
System_of_a_Down_songs
System_of_Government
System_of_government
System_of_imprimitivity
System_of_linear_equations
System_of_linear_equations
System_of_systems
System_of_units
System_of_voting
System_on_a_chip
System_operator
System_Packet_Interface
System_Planning_Corporation
System_Planning_Corporation
System_Platform
System_platform
System_platform
System_Preferences
System_programming
System_programming
System_programming_language
System_programming_language
System_R
System_Reference_Document
System_Relational
System_Requirements
System_requirements
System_requirements
System_Restore
System_restore
System_Science
System_shell
System_Shock
System_Shock_2
System_Shock_II
System_software
System_software
System_testing
System_Theory
System_theory
System_tray
System_under_test
System_unit
System_utility
System_V
System_V_printing_system
System_V_Release_4
System_X
System_X_(telephony)
System
:''For the Macintosh operating system, which was called System up to version 7.5.5, see Mac OS.'' A system is an assemblage of inter-related elements comprising a unified whole. From the Latin and Greek, the term "system" meant to combine, to set up, to place together. A sub-system is a system which is part of another system. A system typically consists of components (or elements) which are connected together in order to facilitate the flow of information, matter or energy. The term is often used to describe a set of entities which interact, and for which a mathematical model can often be constructed. ==Background== At arbitrary boundaries, a collection of interrelated components may be declared a system and may further be abstracted to be declared a component of a larger system. Systems enable "activities" to be performed. (It is tempting to say that systems enable "things" to be done—but that is confusing in this context). An engineering example of a system is often a circuit or a physical series. Depending on the type of system, a system can often be distinguished from individual ''machines'', ''elements'' or ''processes'' of that system by the number, arrangements and complexity of those elements. For example, a pulley is a ''machine'', but an elevator, which incorporates pulleys (amongst other components), is a ''system''. Going to the doctor is a ''process'', but health care is a ''system''. In the natural world, we say that there are systems. For example, the solar system of nine planets orbiting the sun. In the human body, we refer to such systems as the nervous system, the circulatory system, the digestive system, the reproductive system, and the respiratory system. In addition, all so-called "things" (object) are actually systems. For example, a cup is an object, but it is also a system for holding hot or cold liquid, or other material. The cup has a certain shape and a handle, it is made of non-porous material and so on, and it is put together in such a way as to provide a useful function. Describing this thing makes up information, and defines a system. ==Types of systems== An open system can be influenced by events outside of the declared boundaries of a system. A closed system is self-contained: outside events can have no influence upon the system. In practice many things are a mixture of the two. For example a prison is a closed system because the prisoners can't get out, and the wardens spend most of their time at the prison. However it is also an open system, because it depends on outside factors and the prisoners and wardens do go outside. Dynamic systems have components or flows or both, that change over time. Another distinction is the relation of physical systems to conceptual systems. Physical systems are systems of matter and energy. Conceptual systems are made up of ideas. Conceptual systems generally exist to aid in the accomplishment of specific goals or may be used to model physical systems. ==Systems in information and computer science== In computer science and information science, system could also be a method or an algorithm. Again, an example will illustrate: There are systems of counting, as with Roman numerals, and various systems for filing papers, or catalogues, and various library systems, of which the Dewey Decimal System is an example. This still fits with the definition of components which are connected together (in this case in order to facilitate the flow of information). System can also be used referring to a framework, be it software or hardware, designed to allow software to run, see platform (computing). ==Systems in operations research and management science== In operations research and organizational development (OD), organizations are viewed as human systems (conceptual systems) of interacting components such as sub-systems, processes and organizational structures. Organizational development theorist Peter Senge developed the notion of organizations as systems in his book ''The Fifth Discipline''. Systems thinking has been identified as an important leadership competency where an individual thinks globally when acting locally. Such person takes into account the potential consequences of a decision on other parts of the organization. Organizational theorists such as Margaret J. Wheatley have also described the workings of organizational systems in new contexts, such as quantum physics, chaos theory, and the self-organizing systems. ==See also== *Chaos theory *Complex systems *Computer system *Cybernetics *Donella Meadows' twelve leverage points to intervene in a system *General semantics *Holarchy *Meta-systems *Socio-technical systems *Solar System *Systems theory *Systems thinking == External links == *[http://www.worldtrans.org/whole.html An introduction to ''Whole Systems''] *[http://ratjed.com/?systems Conceptual Systems vs. Physical Systems] *[http://www.platinumsolutions.bravehost.com business solutions systems] *[http://www.airhive.net/modules.php?op=modload&name=4nAlbum&file=index&do=showpic&pid=29&orderby=dateD Video: Basic example of a wireless networking system] Cybernetics Systems theory fa:سامانه
System
I removed a section from a [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=System&oldid=11334976#Elements_which_can_also_be_called_systems/ previous version] of this article, "Elements which can also be called systems," because it does not match the given definition of a system: "an assemblage of inter-related elements comprising a unified whole." However, perhaps a list of sports scoring systems deserves a place somewhere else in this encyclopedia. User:Wiccan Quagga 21:41, 20 Mar 2005 (UTC) (Moved from User talk:Lexor on 2003-10-16 by Lexor): Lexor, why not use headings sections as a disambiguate means? User:Reddi :Because it looks like they are sections within an article, rather than separate meanings of single word. I don't think that there's specific policy here, but I think my approach is consistent with the current conventions. It also means that the article starts with a section, rather than a definition paragraph, which is not wikipedia format. If the article is getting long enough that you feel you need to include section headers, it's probably time to split off each individual section into a separate (disambiguated) article. My feeling is to keep the "science" section the main one, and move the other meanings to system (disambiguation). Alternatively, since the meanings aren't really that distinctive to a particular discipline (there's lots of overlap, perhaps we should make it a single article, in which case section headers are appropriate, but only after an intro paragraph. :What do you think, should we make a single article or a disambiguation page? --User:Lexor 13:06, 16 Oct 2003 (UTC) :: Since the meanings aren't really that distinctive to a particular discipline (there's lots of overlap, i'd would lean to t a single article), I guess it needs an intro paragraph and forward section (more than anything). Are the subsection too big to split off each individual section into a separate (disambiguated) article? Disambigs usually are short one sentences (for each item). Move the other meanings to system (disambiguation)? Make a note to see the disambiguation? If it's possible to keep the info [not slim it down (the others entries are relevant)]. I'd like a single article [just becuase there is alot of interdependence in the differing concepts], though a disambiguation page would be good too [if not slimmed down and there is an appropriate link page to goto]. I'll see if I can find the goto pages [I'll post them in the discussion on the article page, if I get some). I'd agree to keep the "science" section the main one (either way; it's the most general in it's use IMO). User:Reddi 23:38, 16 Oct 2003 (UTC) :::I'd vote to make this a single article and merge the existing text into several sections with an overall intro. It needs rewriting anyway. --User:Lexor 00:28, 17 Oct 2003 (UTC)
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
S
SB | SC | SD | SE | SF | SG | SH | SI | SJ | SK | SL | SM | SN | SO | SP | SR | SS | ST | SU | SW | SX | SY | SZ |Words begining with System:
System
System
System's_Twilight
System-on-a-chip
System-on-Chip
System/23
System/3
System/32
System/34
System/34
System/36
System/360
System/360
System/370
System/38
System/390
System/390
System/4_Pi
System/88
System/9000
System/R
System3cs
System3cs
Systema
Systema
Systemantics
Systematic
Systematic
Systematics
Systematics
Systematics_(disambiguation)
Systematic_bias
Systematic_divinity
Systematic_element_name
Systematic_element_name
Systematic_error
Systematic_ideology
Systematic_musicology
Systematic_name
Systematic_name
Systematic_naming
Systematic_political_science
Systematic_political_science.
Systematic_risk
Systematic_sampling
Systematic_theology
Systematist
Systematization
Systematization_(Romania)
Systematization_(Romania)
Systema_Kadochnikowa
Systema_Naturae
Systema_Naturae/Temp
Systemboard
Systembolaget
Systembolaget
SystemBuilder
SystemBuilder
SystemC
Systeme_International
Système_International
Systeme_International_d'Unites
Système_International_d'Unités
Systeme_international_unit
Systeme_Panhard
Système_usuel
SystemicBiasToDo
Systemics
Systemics
Systemic_antibiotic
Systemic_bias
Systemic_bias
Systemic_carnitine_deficiency
Systemic_circulation
Systemic_error
Systemic_functional_grammar
Systemic_inflammatory_response_syndrome
Systemic_linguistics
Systemic_Lupus_Erythematosus
Systemic_lupus_erythematosus
Systemic_mastocytosis
Systemic_pesticide
Systemic_psychology
Systemic_risk
Systemic_sclerosis
Systemic_shock
Systemic_vascular_resistance
SystemOperator
SystemRescueCd
Systems
Systems
Systemshocked
Systems_(programming)
Systems_administrator
Systems_analysis
Systems_analysis
Systems_analyst
Systems_Applications_Products_audit
Systems_applications_products_audit
Systems_Application_Architecture
Systems_biology
Systems_biology
Systems_Commonwealth
Systems_Commonwealth
Systems_Concepts
Systems_control
Systems_design
Systems_design
Systems_designer
Systems_development_lifecycle
Systems_development_life_cycle
Systems_development_life_cycle
Systems_dynamics
Systems_Engineer
Systems_engineer
Systems_engineering
Systems_engineering
Systems_integration
Systems_level_programming
Systems_Management_Server
Systems_Network_Architecture
Systems_Network_Architecture
Systems_neuroscience
Systems_of_equations
Systems_of_Star_Wars
Systems_of_Star_Wars
Systems_of_units
Systems_of_units
Systems_of_zoological_classification
Systems_of_zoological_classification
Systems_Planning_and_Analysis
Systems_programming
Systems_programming_language
Systems_programming_languages
Systems_programming_languages
Systems_science
Systems_Theory
Systems_theory
Systems_theory
Systems_theory
Systems_theory_books
Systems_theory_in_Archaeology
Systems_theory_in_archaeology
Systems_theory_researchers
Systems_Thinking
Systems_thinking
Systems_thinking
Systems_thinking_books
Systems_Union
Systems_Union
Systemtray
Systemwars.com
System_(programming)
System_(thermodynamics)
System_3
System_32
System_32_(arcade)
System_34
System_36
System_360
System_370
System_38
System_390
System_390
System_4_Pi
System_5
System_6
System_7
System_7.5
System_7.6
System_7.6.1
System_7_(band)
System_7_(Macintosh)
System_7_(Macintosh)
System_Account_Manager
System_administration
System_administration
System_Administration_and_Networking_Engineering
System_Administrator
System_administrator
System_administrators
System_Administrators_Guild
System_Administrator_Appreciation_Day
System_agnostic
System_analysis
System_analysis
System_Application_Architecture
System_blocking
System_bus
System_call
System_call
System_calls
System_camera
System_context_diagram
System_crash
System_design
System_designer
System_Design_Life_Cycle
System_Design_Life_Cycle
System_Development_Corporation
System_Development_Life_Cycle
System_Development_Life_Cycle
System_dynamic
System_Dynamics
System_dynamics
System_dynamics
System_engineer
System_engineering
System_equivalence
System_equivance
System_F
System_flow
System_for_the_Vigilance_of_the_Amazon
System_functional_testing
System_identification
System_Identifier
System_identifier
System_idle_process
System_integrity
System_lifecycle
System_Lord
System_Lord
System_Lords
System_Management_Bus
System_Management_Server
System_network_architecture
System_network_architecture
System_Object_Model
System_Of_A_Down
System_of_A_Down
System_of_a_Down
System_of_a_Down
System_of_a_down
System_of_a_Down_(album)
System_of_a_Down_(album)
System_of_a_Down_albums
System_of_a_Down_songs
System_of_Government
System_of_government
System_of_imprimitivity
System_of_linear_equations
System_of_linear_equations
System_of_systems
System_of_units
System_of_voting
System_on_a_chip
System_operator
System_Packet_Interface
System_Planning_Corporation
System_Planning_Corporation
System_Platform
System_platform
System_platform
System_Preferences
System_programming
System_programming
System_programming_language
System_programming_language
System_R
System_Reference_Document
System_Relational
System_Requirements
System_requirements
System_requirements
System_Restore
System_restore
System_Science
System_shell
System_Shock
System_Shock_2
System_Shock_II
System_software
System_software
System_testing
System_Theory
System_theory
System_tray
System_under_test
System_unit
System_utility
System_V
System_V_printing_system
System_V_Release_4
System_X
System_X_(telephony)
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