Susa - meaning of word
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Susa



:''See Susa, Italy for the city in Piemont and Susa, Azerbaijan. See S.U.S.A for the students' association of the University of Stirling.'' [[Image:Sphinx Darius Louvre.jpg|thumb|left|Winged sphinx from the palace of Darius the Great at Susa.]] Susa (Biblical Shushan, modern Shush, ) was an ancient city of the Elamite Empire, Persia and Parthia empires of Iran, located about 150 miles east of the Tigris River in Khuzestan province of Iran. As well as being an archaeological site, Shush is also a lively village due to the devotion of Shi'ites and the Persian Jews community for the prophet Daniel. Susa is one of the oldest known settlements of the region, probably founded about 4000 BC, though the first traces of an inhabited village date back to 7000 BC. Evidence of a painted pottery civilization dates back to 5000 BC. In historic times, it was the capital of the Elamite Empire. Its name originates from their language; it was written variously (''Šušan'', ''Šušun'' etc.) and was apparently pronounced ''Susən''. Šušan was invaded by both Babylonian Empires as well as the Assyria Empire in violent campaigns. After the Babylonian conquest, the name was misunderstood to be connected with the Semitic word ''Šušan'', "lily." Susa is mentioned in the Ketuvim of the Hebrew Bible, mainly in Esther but also once each in Nehemiah and Daniel). The prophets Daniel and Nehemiah lived in Susa during the Babylonian captivity of Judah of the 6th century BC. Esther became queen there and saved the Jews from genocide. A tomb presumed to be that of Daniel is located in the area, known as ''Shush-Daniel''. The tomb is marked by an unusual white stone cone which is neither regular nor symmetric. A tablet unearthed in 1854 by Henry Austin Layard in Nineveh reveals Ashurbanipal as an avenger seeking retribution for the humiliations the Elamites had inflicted on the Mesopotamians over the centuries: "''Susa, the great holy city, abode of their Gods, seat of their mysteries, I conquered. I entered its palaces, I opened their treasuries where silver and gold, goods and wealth were amassed...I destroyed the ziggurat of Susa. I smashed its shining copper horns. I reduced the temples of Elam to naught; their gods and goddesses I scattered to the winds. The tombs of their ancient and recent kings I devastated, I exposed to the sun, and I carried away their bones toward the land of Ashur. I devastated the provinces of Elam and on their lands I sowed salt.''"[1] The city was soon however taken back by the Achaemenid Persians under Cyrus the Great in 538 BC. Under Cyrus' son Cambyses II, the capital of the empire moved from Pasargadae to Susa. The city lost some of its importance when Alexander of Macedon conquered it in 323 BC and destroyed the first Persian Empire, but after Alexander's vast empire collapsed upon his death, Susa became one of the two capitals (along with Ctesiphon) of Parthia. Susa became a frequent place of refuge for Parthian and later the Persian Sassanid dynasty kings, as the Roman Empire sacked Ctesiphon five different times between 116 and 297 CE. Typically, the Parthian rulers wintered in Susa and spent the summer in Ctesiphon. The Roman emperor Trajan captured Susa in 116 CE, but soon was forced to withdraw due to revolts in his rear areas. This advance marked the greatest eastern penetration by the Romans. Susa was destroyed at least twice in its history. In 647 BC, the Assyrian king Assurbanipal leveled the city during the course of a war in which the people of Susa apparently participated on the other side. The second destruction of Susa took place in 638 CE when the Muslim armies first conquered Persia. Finally, in 1218 CE, the city was completely destroyed by invading Mongols. The ancient city was gradually abandoned in the years that followed. ==Sources== [1]: See pages 7-8 of "Persians: Masters of Empire" ISBN: 0-80949104-4 for reference. ==See also== *Elamite Empire *Khuzestan *Choqa Zanbil ==External links== *[http://oi.uchicago.edu/OI/MUS/PA/IRAN/PAAI/IMAGES/ASF/10G11_72dpi.html aerial view] Archaeological sites in Iran Cities in Iran Babylonia Torah places

Susa



==Consistency== Please ensure that this article remains consistent in the use of BCE/CE as a dating convention so that others may not change to BC/AD. Editors wishing to comment on this issue are welcome to do so. User:SouthernComfort 12:01, 24 May 2005 (UTC)


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Words begining with Susa:

Susa
Susa
Susa,_Azerbaijan
Susa,_Italy
Susa,_Yamaguchi
Susa-No-O
Susa-no-O
Susa-no-o
Susa-No-Wo
Susa-no-Wo
Susah
Susaki
Susaki,_Kochi
Susami,_Wakayama
Susam_Sokagi
Susan
Susan-o-O
SusanaeIII
Susana_Dosamantes
Susana_Gimenez
Susana_Giménez
Susana_Higuchi
Susana_Rinaldi
Susana_Spears
Susandress.jpeg
Susank,_Kansas
Susank,_KS
SusanM
SusanM
Susanna
Susanna
SusannahMoodie.jpeg
Susannah_Centlivre
Susannah_Constantine
Susannah_Darwin
Susannah_Doyle
Susannah_Heschel
Susannah_Lattin
Susannah_Lattin
Susannah_Maria_Arne
Susannah_McCorkle
Susannah_of_the_Mounties
Susannah_Wedgwood
Susannah_Wetzel
Susannah_York
Susanna_(Book_of_Daniel)
Susanna_(Book_of_Daniel)
Susanna_(Disciple)
Susanna_(disciple)
Susanna_and_the_Magical_Orchestra
Susanna_Blamire
Susanna_Centlivre
Susanna_Clarke
Susanna_clarke
Susanna_Gregory
Susanna_Hoffs
Susanna_Hoffs
Susanna_Kaysen
Susanna_M._Salter
Susanna_Moodie
Susanna_Moore
Susanna_Mountfort
Susanna_Phillips
Susanna_Salter
Susanna_Strickland
Susanna_Strickland_Moodie
Susanna_Thompson
Susanna_Verbruggen
Susanne_Antonetta
Susanne_Bier
Susanne_Blakeslee
Susanne_Hille
Susanne_Hou
Susanne_K._Langer
Susanne_Klatten
Susanne_Langer
Susanne_langer
Susanne_Le_Pelley
Susanne_le_Pelley
Susanne_Ljungskog
Susanne_Riess-Passer
Susano
Susano
Susano
Susanô
Susano-O
Susano-o
Susano-O-No-Mikoto
Susano-Oh
Susano-oo-no-mikoto
Susano-O_no_Mikoto
Susanoh
Susanoo
Susanoo
Susanoomon
Susanoo_no_Mikoto
Susanowo
Susanowo
SusanPowL0
SusanPowL0
Susanth
Susanthika_Jayasinghe
Susanthika_Jayasinghe
Susanto_Megaranto
Susanville
Susanville,_CA
Susanville,_California
SusanWG
Susan_(crater)
Susan_(Discworld)
Susan_A._Davis
Susan_A._Thompson
Susan_Abigail_Sarandon
Susan_Aceron
Susan_Adele_Greenfield
Susan_Adele_Greenfield,_Baroness_Greenfield
Susan_Aglukark
Susan_Aglukark
Susan_Agnes_Bernard
Susan_Alexandra_Weaver
Susan_Anbeh
Susan_Ann_Sulley
Susan_Anthony
Susan_Anton
Susan_Atefat-Peckham
Susan_Atefat-Peckman
Susan_Atkins
Susan_Auch
Susan_Augusta_Fenimore_Cooper
Susan_B._Anthony
Susan_B._Anthony
Susan_B._Anthony_dollar
Susan_B._Anthony_dollar
Susan_Barbara_Cullen-Ward
Susan_Barnes
Susan_Barrantes
Susan_Batten
Susan_Bies
Susan_Blackmore
Susan_Blackmore
Susan_Blakely
Susan_Blakeslee
Susan_Block
Susan_Bones
Susan_Brownell_Anthony
Susan_Brownmiller
Susan_Buffett
Susan_Butcher
Susan_B_Anthony
Susan_C._Faludi
Susan_Cabot
Susan_Calvin
Susan_Choi
Susan_Collins
Susan_Constant
Susan_Cooper
Susan_Cullen-Ward
Susan_Cullen_Ward
Susan_Cummings
Susan_Davis
Susan_Davis
Susan_Davis
Susan_Davis
Susan_Deacon
Susan_Decker
Susan_Devoy
Susan_Dey
Susan_Dibny
Susan_Doughty
Susan_E._Hinton
Susan_Eaton
Susan_Edmonstone_Ferrier
Susan_Edmonstoune_Ferrier
Susan_Egan
Susan_Elizabeth_Miller
Susan_Elizabeth_Miller,_Baroness_Miller_of_Chilthorne_Domer
Susan_Elizabeth_Rice
Susan_Estrich
Susan_Eubanks
Susan_Faludi
Susan_Faludi
Susan_Fenimore_Cooper
Susan_Flannery
Susan_Fleming
Susan_Foreman
Susan_Foreman
Susan_Gardiner
Susan_George
Susan_Glaspell
Susan_Green
Susan_Greenfield
Susan_Griffin
Susan_Haack
Susan_Hampshire
Susan_Harris
Susan_Harrison
Susan_Harris_(character)
Susan_Hart
Susan_Haskell
Susan_Hawk
Susan_Hayward
Susan_Hayward
Susan_Helms
Susan_Hill
Susan_Hockfield
Susan_Howard
Susan_Howatch
Susan_Howe
Susan_Howe
Susan_Hughes
Susan_Ioannou
Susan_Ivanova
Susan_J._Helms
Susan_Kadis
Susan_Kare
Susan_Kathleen_Doughty
Susan_King
Susan_Kinsolving
Susan_Kohner
Susan_Kramer
Susan_L._Kilrain
Susan_L._Still
Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte
Susan_Lee
Susan_Lewis
Susan_Lindauer
Susan_Lindquist
Susan_Lindquist
Susan_Lucci
Susan_Lucci
Susan_M._Cohen
Susan_M._Collins
Susan_Margaret_Collins
Susan_Mary_Woodford-Hollick
Susan_Mason
Susan_Mason
Susan_Mason/ban
Susan_Mayer
Susan_May_Williams
Susan_May_Williams
Susan_McClary
Susan_McClary
Susan_Mcclary
Susan_McDougal
Susan_McDougal
Susan_McInnis
Susan_McKeown
Susan_McMaster
Susan_McMaster
Susan_Meiselas
Susan_Milan
Susan_milan
Susan_Miller
Susan_Miller_(Playmate)
Susan_Molinari
Susan_Moonsie
Susan_Moore
Susan_Moore,_AL
Susan_Moore,_Alabama
Susan_Moore,_Alabama
Susan_Musgrave
Susan_Nattrass
Susan_Nelles
Susan_Oliver
Susan_Olsen
Susan_Orlean
Susan_Peters
Susan_Pevensie
Susan_Pevensie
Susan_Polgar
Susan_Polgár
Susan_Polgár
Susan_Powter
Susan_Pratt
Susan_Pratt
Susan_Quilliam
Susan_Quilliam
Susan_Raye
Susan_Richards
Susan_Richard_Nelson
Susan_River
Susan_River_(California)
Susan_Roces
Susan_Roman
Susan_Rosenblatt
Susan_Ross
Susan_SaintJames
Susan_Saint_James
Susan_Sarandon
Susan_Sarandon
Susan_Seaforth
Susan_Seaforth_Hayes
Susan_Sered
Susan_Sheridan
Susan_Shreve
Susan_Smith
Susan_Smith_(Playmate)
Susan_Sontag
Susan_Sontag
Susan_Spaull
Susan_St._James
Susan_Stafford
Susan_Starr_Sered
Susan_Still
Susan_Storm
Susan_Sto_Helit
Susan_Sto_Helit_(Discworld)
Susan_Sto_Helit_(Discworld)
Susan_Strasberg
Susan_Stroman
Susan_Sullivan
Susan_Swan
Susan_Tedeschi
Susan_Tedeschi_albums
Susan_Thompson
Susan_Tom
Susan_Travers
Susan_Tully
Susan_Tully
Susan_Tyrrell
Susan_V._Smith
Susan_Vaughan_Smith
Susan_Vega
Susan_Ward
Susan_ward
Susan_Warner
Susan_Watts
Susan_Webber_Wright
Susan_Weber_Soros
Susan_Weber_Soros
Susan_Werner
Susan_Werner_albums
Susan_Whelan
Susan_Williams
Susan_Wittig_Albert
Susan_Wolf
Susan_Yeats
Susaram
Susarion
SUSAT
Susato
Susaye_Greene
Susaye_greene
Susa_(city)
Susa_Rayonu
Susa_Region
Susa_Sahari


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