The Suez Canal (Arabic language, ''Qanā al-Suways''), west of the Sinai Peninsula, is a 1 E5 m-kilometre (118-mile) ship canal in Egypt between Port Said, Egypt (''Būr Sa'īd'') on the Mediterranean Sea and Suez, Egypt (''al-Suways'') on the Red Sea. The canal allows two-way ''north-south'' water transport from Europe to Asia without circumnavigating Africa. Before the construction of the canal, some transport was conducted by offloading ships and carrying the goods over land between the Mediterranean and the Red Sea. The canal comprises two parts, north and south of the Great Bitter Lake, linking the Mediterranean Sea to the Gulf of Suez on the Red Sea. ==History== ===Antiquity=== Perhaps as early as the Twelfth dynasty of Egypt, Pharaoh Senusret III may have had a ''west-east'' canal dug through the Wadi Tumilat, joining the Nile with the Red Sea, for direct trade with Land of Punt. Evidence nevertheless indicates its existence at least by the 13th century BC during the time of Ramesses II (see [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/S/SU/SUEZ_CANAL.htm], [http://www.denverseminary.edu/dj/articles1998/0100/0114.php], [[http://lexicorient.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct-frame.pl?http://i-cias.com/e.o/suez_can.htm], [http://www.e-c-h-o.org/khd/location.html], [http://www.realidade.com.br/rih2/egipto.htm]). It later fell into disrepair, and according to the ''The Histories of Herodotus'' of the Greek historian Herodotus, re-excavation was undertaken about 600 BCE by Necho II, though he never completed the project. The canal was finally completed about 500 BCE by King Darius I of Persia, the Persian conqueror of Egypt. Darius commemorated his achievement on a number of granite stela that he set up on the Nile bank, including one near Kabret, 130 kilometres from Suez. The Darius the Great's Suez Inscriptions read: : ''Saith King Darius: I am a Persian. Setting out from Persia, I conquered Egypt. I ordered this canal dug from the river called the Nile that flows in Egypt, to Red Sea. When the canal had been dug as I ordered, ships went from Egypt through this canal to Persia, even as I intended.'' [http://www.livius.org/aa-ac/achaemenians/DZ.html] The canal was again restored by Ptolemy II about 250 BCE. Over the next thousand years it was successively modified, destroyed, and rebuilt, until finally being put out of commission in the eighth century by the Abbasid Caliph al-Mansur. ===The modern Suez Canal=== More than a thousand years elapsed before the next attempt was made to dig a canal. At the end of the 18th century, Napoleon Bonaparte, while in Egypt, contemplated the construction of a canal to join the Mediterranean and Red Seas. His project was abandoned, however, after a French survey erroneously concluded that the waters of the Red Sea were higher than those of the Mediterranean, making a lockless canal impossible. In 1854 and 1856, Ferdinand de Lesseps obtained concessions from Said of Egypt, the viceroy of Egypt, whom de Lesseps had as a French diplomat come to know in the 1830s. Said Pasha authorized the creation of a company for the purpose of constructing a maritime canal open to ships of all nations according to plans created by Austrian engineer Alois Negrelli. By way of a lease of the relevant land, the company was to operate the canal for 99 years from its opening to navigation. The Suez Canal Company (''Compagnie Universelle du Canal Maritime de Suez'') came into being on December 15, 1858. The excavation operations through the desert took nearly eleven years. Numerous technical, political, and financial problems were overcome. The final cost was more than double the original estimate. The canal opened to traffic on November 17, 1869. The canal had an immediate and dramatic effect on world trade. It played an important role in increasing European penetration and colonization of Africa. External debts forced Said Pasha's successor, Isma'il Pasha, to sell his country's share in the canal to the United Kingdom in 1875. The Convention of Constantinople in 1888 declared the canal a neutral zone under the protection of the British, after British troops had moved in to protect it in 1882. Under the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936, the United Kingdom insisted on retaining control over the canal. In 1951, Egypt repudiated the treaty, and by 1954 Great Britain had agreed to pull out. After the United Kingdom and the United States withdrew their pledge to support the construction of the Aswan Dam, President Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the canal. This caused Britain, France, and Israel to invade in the week-long 1956 Suez War. As a result of damage and sunken ships, the canal was closed until April 1957, when it had been cleared with UN assistance. A United Nations force (UNEF) was established to maintain the neutrality of the canal and the Sinai Peninsula. After the Six Day War in 1967, the canal was closed until June 5, 1975. In 1973, during the Yom Kippur War, the canal was the scene of a major crossing by the Egyptian army into Israeli-controlled Sinai; later, the Israeli army crossed the canal westward. A UN peacekeeping force has been stationed in the Sinai Peninsula since 1974. ==Present day== The canal has no canal lock because there is no sea-level difference and no hills to climb. The canal allows the passage of ships of up to some 150,000 tons Displacement (fluid), with cargo. It permits ships of up to 15 m (50 feet) Draft (nautical) to pass, and improvements are planned to increase this to 22 m (72 feet) by 2010 to allow supertanker passage. Presently supertankers can offload part of their cargo onto a canal-owned boat and reload at the other end of the canal. There is one shipping lane with several passing areas. Some 25,000 ships can pass through the canal each year, bearing about 14% of world shipping. The passage takes between 11 and 16 hours. Since 1980 there has been a road tunnel under the canal, and since 1999 a Overhead line crossing Suez Canal has crossed the Suez Canal. ==Connections between the shores== For north to south: * In El Qantara there is a high-level fixed road bridge. * In 2001 the El Ferdan railway bridge 20 km north of Ismailia was completed: the longest swing bridge in the world, with a span of 340m (1100 ft). The previous bridge was destroyed in 1967 during the Arab-Israeli conflict. * South of the Great Bitter Lake is the Ahmed Hamdi tunnel, built in 1983. Because of leakage problems, in the period 1992–1995 a new water-tight tunnel was built inside the old one. ==See also== * wikisource:Constantinople Convention of the Suez Canal * ''Faraon'' (historical novel by Boleslaw Prus, incorporating motifs of an ancient "Suez Canal"). ==External links== *[http://www.livius.org/aa-ac/achaemenians/DZ.html Darius the Great's Suez Inscriptions] *[http://www.mfa.gov.eg/English/Treaties/ConstantinopleConventionOfTheSuezCanal.aspx?ph=43 Constantinople Convention of the Suez Canal, 1888] *[http://www.halcrow.com/archivenews_nov01_swingbrid.asp El Ferdan railway bridge] *[http://lexicorient.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct-frame.pl?http://i-cias.com/e.o/suez_can.htm Encyclopaedia of the Orient: ''Suez Canal''] *[http://www.randomhouse.com/acmart/catalog/display.pperl?037570812X Parting the Desert] by Zachary Karabell Canals Egypt Historic civil engineering landmarks fa:کانال سوئز simple:Suez Canal
On Template:November 15 selected anniversaries and Template:November 17 selected anniversaries. -- Shouldn't the "C" in ''canal'' be capitalized in the title? It is in the first sentence. User:TUF-KAT :Yes it should. I'll fix it. --mav -- It would probably be a good idea for someone to note (and maybe write an article on?) the Constantinople Convention of 1888. This convention basically said that the Suez Canal couldn't be closed by anybody, and I remember reading that it precipitated one of the major causes of the 1956 Suez Crisis/War/Incident/Massively-Violent-Activity (just to cover all of the opinion bases...:-)). Even better if someone could find the text of it, and whether or not it's still in force (legally, if not practically). Oh yeah. How much does passage through the Canal cost? -User:Penta 19:48, 7 Dec 2003 (UTC) :Found the text, added it as an external link. -User:Itai 12:24, 21 Jan 2004 (UTC) ---- I'm having the hardest time finding out whether the French company called [http://www.suez.fr/ Suez] (NYSE: SZE) (See [http://www.hoovers.com/suez/--ID__90853,ticker__SZE--/free-co-fin-stockquote.xhtml] for details) really is the present-day embodiment of the original ''Compagnie Universelle du canal maritime de Suez'' - Suez Canal Company. It claims ([http://www.suez.fr/group/english/histoire/index.htm]) that it is, although not in so many words. Any thoughts? -User:Itai 12:24, 21 Jan 2004 (UTC) :It probably is the present-day embodiment, but it would not have anything to do with the current management of the canal: as the whole issue about the Suez Crisis in 1956 was that Egypt nationalised the canal and now controls it. --User:Mgream 22:35, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC) ------ The canal has no locks because there is no sea level difference. The canal allows ships with up to 15 meters (50 feet) of draft to pass, and improvements are planned to increase this to 22 m (72 feet) by 2010 to allow supertanker passage. Presently supertankers can offload part of their load onto a canal-owned boat and reload at the other end of the canal. There is one shipping lane with several passing areas. Would that be enough for a French or US aircraft carrier to use the canal? *That doesn't sound right....no locks? That can't be right. Is it? User:Kingturtle 03:48, 18 Feb 2004 (UTC) :There are no locks, numerous references will tell you this. --User:Mgream 22:35, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC) *US aircraft carriers can already fit through the Suez Canal, and do so. The USS George Washington exited the canal on the Red Sea side this week. User:Cyrius 07:41, 20 Feb 2004 (UTC) == ''Said''? == The link to "Said" goes to a page that doesn't seem to be the right one.User:IFaqeer—User:IFaqeer User talk:IFaqeer 21:27, Nov 15, 2004 (UTC) == Contradiction == Please clarify: This is a direct quote from the [http://lexicorient.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct-frame.pl?http://i-cias.com/e.o/suez_can.htm Encyclopaedia of the Orient:] 13th century BCE: A canal is constructed between the delta of the Nile and the Red Sea. For the following centuries, the canal was only partially maintained. 8th century CE: The canal is no longer maintained, and soon becomes unnavigable. 1854: By a French initiative, the viceroy of Egypt, Said Pasha, decides for the project of building a canal that would connect the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea. 1858: La Compagnie Universelle du Canal Maritime de Suez is formed to construct the canal. The company, which was owned by both French and Egyptian interests, should both build the canal, and administer it for the following 99 years. After this time, the ownership would pass over to the Egyptian government. 1859 April 25: Constructions begin. Why hasn't Wikipedia mentioned this? Anti-Egyptian (and I really dislike saying this, but... ) prejudice??? Please refer to Origins of chess and Great Pyramid of Giza: Labor for more information. Wikipedia certainly cannot claim that the ancient Egyptians were incapable of such a engineering feat, given a monument as extraordinary as the Great Pyramid of Giza, constructed more than one thousand years prior to a mere canal! ==Ancient "Suez Canal"== It's my understanding that the ancient "Suez Canal" connected the Nile with the Red Sea. In which case, I would think it facilitated Egyptian trade with ''East'' rather than West Africa? User:Logologist 14:33, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC) :Please don't feel embarrassed by the following. (I am fortunate to having had contact with some very bright and exceedingly experienced historians in my lifetime who informed me of the following. Yes, you may declare the above, and it is a very common mistake.) :Ancient manuscripts refer to the "Mediterranean Sea" as the "Red Sea." Exactly why this is so is uncertain. For some reason or another, ancient references to both seas in many instances carried the same name. Even the Gulf of Suez is referred to as the "Red Sea" in some instances! However, I'm not an historian, and my memory fails at recollecting precise references for you. Sorry. :It was Necho II (610 - 595 BC) who dug the canal from the Nile to the Gulf of Suez. :The use of the term "Red Sea" in the article, Suez Canal, is only to appease those who want to claim this technicality in the ancient documents discovered (from the 13th century BC) of the canal's origin. They prefer to state that some other canal was constructed. '''However, try as energetically as we may, we always fail at locating ''any'' evidence of any other canal which these ancient documents must be referring to.''' Nevertheless, they prefer to argue that such evidence may show up some time in the future. So, we publicly leave the term as it is, yes probably in error, but maybe not actually so. [''Note that the original article text has been changed to reflect this.''] :If you'd like a good map to reference, here is a really good one I have located on the internet, but it takes a few minutes to download. So be patient! [http://egypt.africa-atlas.com/sinai.htm] -- User:Roylee ::The Egyptians wouldn't have needed to ''dig a canal'' to get to the Mediterranean Sea. All they needed to do was sail downstream. User:Logologist 21:24, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC) :::Egyptians to Mediterranean Sea? Yes. West African Saharans to eastern "states?" No. :::The West African Saharans were the major shipbuilding of the era, not the History of ancient Egypt. But, both populations were African. Perhaps the initial motivation to dig a Suez canal from the Mediterranean Sea to the Gulf of Suez was of West African origin??? Perhaps the actual dig was a joint effort??? :::Perhaps the Phoenicians were West Saharan Africans??? According to Phoenicia: Phoenician Merchantry, Egyptian pharoah Necho II sent a Phoenician expedition out to circumnavigate Africa. Why would the Phoenicians oblige to an Egyptian pharoah? Maybe because Egypt dug the canal for them? Seems reasonable, but we'll never know. -- User:Roylee has made a number of contentious edits into articles such as Mende language and Shipbuilding that have since been reverted. Someone more knowledgeable in this area may want to verify the information about the 1st Suez Canal. Cheers, User:BanyanTreeUser:BanyanTreeUser talk:BanyanTree 00:12, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
#REDIRECT Suez_Canal
#REDIRECT Talk:Suez_Canal
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
Words begining with Suez_Canal:
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Suez_Canal
Suez_canal
Suez_canal
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Suez_Canal_Zone
Suez Canal
The Suez Canal (Arabic language, ''Qanā al-Suways''), west of the Sinai Peninsula, is a 1 E5 m-kilometre (118-mile) ship canal in Egypt between Port Said, Egypt (''Būr Sa'īd'') on the Mediterranean Sea and Suez, Egypt (''al-Suways'') on the Red Sea. The canal allows two-way ''north-south'' water transport from Europe to Asia without circumnavigating Africa. Before the construction of the canal, some transport was conducted by offloading ships and carrying the goods over land between the Mediterranean and the Red Sea. The canal comprises two parts, north and south of the Great Bitter Lake, linking the Mediterranean Sea to the Gulf of Suez on the Red Sea. ==History== ===Antiquity=== Perhaps as early as the Twelfth dynasty of Egypt, Pharaoh Senusret III may have had a ''west-east'' canal dug through the Wadi Tumilat, joining the Nile with the Red Sea, for direct trade with Land of Punt. Evidence nevertheless indicates its existence at least by the 13th century BC during the time of Ramesses II (see [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/S/SU/SUEZ_CANAL.htm], [http://www.denverseminary.edu/dj/articles1998/0100/0114.php], [[http://lexicorient.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct-frame.pl?http://i-cias.com/e.o/suez_can.htm], [http://www.e-c-h-o.org/khd/location.html], [http://www.realidade.com.br/rih2/egipto.htm]). It later fell into disrepair, and according to the ''The Histories of Herodotus'' of the Greek historian Herodotus, re-excavation was undertaken about 600 BCE by Necho II, though he never completed the project. The canal was finally completed about 500 BCE by King Darius I of Persia, the Persian conqueror of Egypt. Darius commemorated his achievement on a number of granite stela that he set up on the Nile bank, including one near Kabret, 130 kilometres from Suez. The Darius the Great's Suez Inscriptions read: : ''Saith King Darius: I am a Persian. Setting out from Persia, I conquered Egypt. I ordered this canal dug from the river called the Nile that flows in Egypt, to Red Sea. When the canal had been dug as I ordered, ships went from Egypt through this canal to Persia, even as I intended.'' [http://www.livius.org/aa-ac/achaemenians/DZ.html] The canal was again restored by Ptolemy II about 250 BCE. Over the next thousand years it was successively modified, destroyed, and rebuilt, until finally being put out of commission in the eighth century by the Abbasid Caliph al-Mansur. ===The modern Suez Canal=== More than a thousand years elapsed before the next attempt was made to dig a canal. At the end of the 18th century, Napoleon Bonaparte, while in Egypt, contemplated the construction of a canal to join the Mediterranean and Red Seas. His project was abandoned, however, after a French survey erroneously concluded that the waters of the Red Sea were higher than those of the Mediterranean, making a lockless canal impossible. In 1854 and 1856, Ferdinand de Lesseps obtained concessions from Said of Egypt, the viceroy of Egypt, whom de Lesseps had as a French diplomat come to know in the 1830s. Said Pasha authorized the creation of a company for the purpose of constructing a maritime canal open to ships of all nations according to plans created by Austrian engineer Alois Negrelli. By way of a lease of the relevant land, the company was to operate the canal for 99 years from its opening to navigation. The Suez Canal Company (''Compagnie Universelle du Canal Maritime de Suez'') came into being on December 15, 1858. The excavation operations through the desert took nearly eleven years. Numerous technical, political, and financial problems were overcome. The final cost was more than double the original estimate. The canal opened to traffic on November 17, 1869. The canal had an immediate and dramatic effect on world trade. It played an important role in increasing European penetration and colonization of Africa. External debts forced Said Pasha's successor, Isma'il Pasha, to sell his country's share in the canal to the United Kingdom in 1875. The Convention of Constantinople in 1888 declared the canal a neutral zone under the protection of the British, after British troops had moved in to protect it in 1882. Under the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936, the United Kingdom insisted on retaining control over the canal. In 1951, Egypt repudiated the treaty, and by 1954 Great Britain had agreed to pull out. After the United Kingdom and the United States withdrew their pledge to support the construction of the Aswan Dam, President Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the canal. This caused Britain, France, and Israel to invade in the week-long 1956 Suez War. As a result of damage and sunken ships, the canal was closed until April 1957, when it had been cleared with UN assistance. A United Nations force (UNEF) was established to maintain the neutrality of the canal and the Sinai Peninsula. After the Six Day War in 1967, the canal was closed until June 5, 1975. In 1973, during the Yom Kippur War, the canal was the scene of a major crossing by the Egyptian army into Israeli-controlled Sinai; later, the Israeli army crossed the canal westward. A UN peacekeeping force has been stationed in the Sinai Peninsula since 1974. ==Present day== The canal has no canal lock because there is no sea-level difference and no hills to climb. The canal allows the passage of ships of up to some 150,000 tons Displacement (fluid), with cargo. It permits ships of up to 15 m (50 feet) Draft (nautical) to pass, and improvements are planned to increase this to 22 m (72 feet) by 2010 to allow supertanker passage. Presently supertankers can offload part of their cargo onto a canal-owned boat and reload at the other end of the canal. There is one shipping lane with several passing areas. Some 25,000 ships can pass through the canal each year, bearing about 14% of world shipping. The passage takes between 11 and 16 hours. Since 1980 there has been a road tunnel under the canal, and since 1999 a Overhead line crossing Suez Canal has crossed the Suez Canal. ==Connections between the shores== For north to south: * In El Qantara there is a high-level fixed road bridge. * In 2001 the El Ferdan railway bridge 20 km north of Ismailia was completed: the longest swing bridge in the world, with a span of 340m (1100 ft). The previous bridge was destroyed in 1967 during the Arab-Israeli conflict. * South of the Great Bitter Lake is the Ahmed Hamdi tunnel, built in 1983. Because of leakage problems, in the period 1992–1995 a new water-tight tunnel was built inside the old one. ==See also== * wikisource:Constantinople Convention of the Suez Canal * ''Faraon'' (historical novel by Boleslaw Prus, incorporating motifs of an ancient "Suez Canal"). ==External links== *[http://www.livius.org/aa-ac/achaemenians/DZ.html Darius the Great's Suez Inscriptions] *[http://www.mfa.gov.eg/English/Treaties/ConstantinopleConventionOfTheSuezCanal.aspx?ph=43 Constantinople Convention of the Suez Canal, 1888] *[http://www.halcrow.com/archivenews_nov01_swingbrid.asp El Ferdan railway bridge] *[http://lexicorient.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct-frame.pl?http://i-cias.com/e.o/suez_can.htm Encyclopaedia of the Orient: ''Suez Canal''] *[http://www.randomhouse.com/acmart/catalog/display.pperl?037570812X Parting the Desert] by Zachary Karabell Canals Egypt Historic civil engineering landmarks fa:کانال سوئز simple:Suez Canal
Suez Canal
On Template:November 15 selected anniversaries and Template:November 17 selected anniversaries. -- Shouldn't the "C" in ''canal'' be capitalized in the title? It is in the first sentence. User:TUF-KAT :Yes it should. I'll fix it. --mav -- It would probably be a good idea for someone to note (and maybe write an article on?) the Constantinople Convention of 1888. This convention basically said that the Suez Canal couldn't be closed by anybody, and I remember reading that it precipitated one of the major causes of the 1956 Suez Crisis/War/Incident/Massively-Violent-Activity (just to cover all of the opinion bases...:-)). Even better if someone could find the text of it, and whether or not it's still in force (legally, if not practically). Oh yeah. How much does passage through the Canal cost? -User:Penta 19:48, 7 Dec 2003 (UTC) :Found the text, added it as an external link. -User:Itai 12:24, 21 Jan 2004 (UTC) ---- I'm having the hardest time finding out whether the French company called [http://www.suez.fr/ Suez] (NYSE: SZE) (See [http://www.hoovers.com/suez/--ID__90853,ticker__SZE--/free-co-fin-stockquote.xhtml] for details) really is the present-day embodiment of the original ''Compagnie Universelle du canal maritime de Suez'' - Suez Canal Company. It claims ([http://www.suez.fr/group/english/histoire/index.htm]) that it is, although not in so many words. Any thoughts? -User:Itai 12:24, 21 Jan 2004 (UTC) :It probably is the present-day embodiment, but it would not have anything to do with the current management of the canal: as the whole issue about the Suez Crisis in 1956 was that Egypt nationalised the canal and now controls it. --User:Mgream 22:35, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC) ------ The canal has no locks because there is no sea level difference. The canal allows ships with up to 15 meters (50 feet) of draft to pass, and improvements are planned to increase this to 22 m (72 feet) by 2010 to allow supertanker passage. Presently supertankers can offload part of their load onto a canal-owned boat and reload at the other end of the canal. There is one shipping lane with several passing areas. Would that be enough for a French or US aircraft carrier to use the canal? *That doesn't sound right....no locks? That can't be right. Is it? User:Kingturtle 03:48, 18 Feb 2004 (UTC) :There are no locks, numerous references will tell you this. --User:Mgream 22:35, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC) *US aircraft carriers can already fit through the Suez Canal, and do so. The USS George Washington exited the canal on the Red Sea side this week. User:Cyrius 07:41, 20 Feb 2004 (UTC) == ''Said''? == The link to "Said" goes to a page that doesn't seem to be the right one.User:IFaqeer—User:IFaqeer User talk:IFaqeer 21:27, Nov 15, 2004 (UTC) == Contradiction == Please clarify: This is a direct quote from the [http://lexicorient.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct-frame.pl?http://i-cias.com/e.o/suez_can.htm Encyclopaedia of the Orient:] 13th century BCE: A canal is constructed between the delta of the Nile and the Red Sea. For the following centuries, the canal was only partially maintained. 8th century CE: The canal is no longer maintained, and soon becomes unnavigable. 1854: By a French initiative, the viceroy of Egypt, Said Pasha, decides for the project of building a canal that would connect the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea. 1858: La Compagnie Universelle du Canal Maritime de Suez is formed to construct the canal. The company, which was owned by both French and Egyptian interests, should both build the canal, and administer it for the following 99 years. After this time, the ownership would pass over to the Egyptian government. 1859 April 25: Constructions begin. Why hasn't Wikipedia mentioned this? Anti-Egyptian (and I really dislike saying this, but... ) prejudice??? Please refer to Origins of chess and Great Pyramid of Giza: Labor for more information. Wikipedia certainly cannot claim that the ancient Egyptians were incapable of such a engineering feat, given a monument as extraordinary as the Great Pyramid of Giza, constructed more than one thousand years prior to a mere canal! ==Ancient "Suez Canal"== It's my understanding that the ancient "Suez Canal" connected the Nile with the Red Sea. In which case, I would think it facilitated Egyptian trade with ''East'' rather than West Africa? User:Logologist 14:33, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC) :Please don't feel embarrassed by the following. (I am fortunate to having had contact with some very bright and exceedingly experienced historians in my lifetime who informed me of the following. Yes, you may declare the above, and it is a very common mistake.) :Ancient manuscripts refer to the "Mediterranean Sea" as the "Red Sea." Exactly why this is so is uncertain. For some reason or another, ancient references to both seas in many instances carried the same name. Even the Gulf of Suez is referred to as the "Red Sea" in some instances! However, I'm not an historian, and my memory fails at recollecting precise references for you. Sorry. :It was Necho II (610 - 595 BC) who dug the canal from the Nile to the Gulf of Suez. :The use of the term "Red Sea" in the article, Suez Canal, is only to appease those who want to claim this technicality in the ancient documents discovered (from the 13th century BC) of the canal's origin. They prefer to state that some other canal was constructed. '''However, try as energetically as we may, we always fail at locating ''any'' evidence of any other canal which these ancient documents must be referring to.''' Nevertheless, they prefer to argue that such evidence may show up some time in the future. So, we publicly leave the term as it is, yes probably in error, but maybe not actually so. [''Note that the original article text has been changed to reflect this.''] :If you'd like a good map to reference, here is a really good one I have located on the internet, but it takes a few minutes to download. So be patient! [http://egypt.africa-atlas.com/sinai.htm] -- User:Roylee ::The Egyptians wouldn't have needed to ''dig a canal'' to get to the Mediterranean Sea. All they needed to do was sail downstream. User:Logologist 21:24, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC) :::Egyptians to Mediterranean Sea? Yes. West African Saharans to eastern "states?" No. :::The West African Saharans were the major shipbuilding of the era, not the History of ancient Egypt. But, both populations were African. Perhaps the initial motivation to dig a Suez canal from the Mediterranean Sea to the Gulf of Suez was of West African origin??? Perhaps the actual dig was a joint effort??? :::Perhaps the Phoenicians were West Saharan Africans??? According to Phoenicia: Phoenician Merchantry, Egyptian pharoah Necho II sent a Phoenician expedition out to circumnavigate Africa. Why would the Phoenicians oblige to an Egyptian pharoah? Maybe because Egypt dug the canal for them? Seems reasonable, but we'll never know. -- User:Roylee has made a number of contentious edits into articles such as Mende language and Shipbuilding that have since been reverted. Someone more knowledgeable in this area may want to verify the information about the 1st Suez Canal. Cheers, User:BanyanTreeUser:BanyanTreeUser talk:BanyanTree 00:12, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
Suez canal
#REDIRECT Suez_Canal
Suez canal
#REDIRECT Talk:Suez_Canal
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Suez_Canal
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Suez_canal
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