
Subhash Chandra Bose (January 23, 1897–August 18, 1945) also known as Netaji, was a prominent leader of the Indian independence movement against British Raj. Bose helped to organize and later led the Indian National Army, put together with Indian prisoner-of-war and plantation workers from Singapore and other parts of Southeast Asia. ''"Give me blood and I shall give you freedom"'' was one of the most popular statements made by him, whereby he urges the people of India to join him in his freedom movement. == Early life == Subhash Chandra Bose was born to an affluent Bengal family in Cuttack, Orissa. His father, Janakinath Bose, was a public prosecutor who believed in orthodox nationalism and later became a member of the Bengal Legislative Council. With eight brothers and six sisters, Bose's family was large, but disciplined. He loved to read and was fascinated with religion, discipline, and self-control. As a youth, he did social service and after reading Vivekananda's writings, "selfless service" became the motto guiding his life. Recognizing his son's intellect, Bose's father was determined that Bose should become a high-ranking Civil service. He attended the Protestant European School and the Ravenshaw Collegiate School in Cuttack and later graduated with honours from the Scottish Church College, Calcutta. He was placed second in his university examinations and participated as a member of the India Defence Corps, then a newly-formed military training unit at the University of Calcutta. Afterwards he travelled to England and attended Fitzwilliam Hall at the University of Cambridge. In 1920, Bose took the Indian Civil Service entrance examination and was ranked second. However, he resigned from the prestigious Indian Civil Service in April 1921 despite his high ranking in the merit list, and went ahead to join the freedom movement. After returning to India, he joined the Indian National Congress and was particularly active in its youth wing. Bose's ideas did not match with that of Mahatma Gandhi belief in non-violence. So he returned to Kolkata to work under Chittaranjan Das, the Bengali freedom fighter and co-founder (with Motilal Nehru) of the Swarajya (Self Rule) Party. In 1921, Bose organised a boycott of the celebrations to mark the Prince of Wales' visit to India. This led to his being imprisoned. In April 1924, Bose was elected the Chief Executive Officer of the newly constituted Calcutta Corporation. Later, in October that year, Bose was arrested as a suspected terrorist. First, he was in Alipore jail and later he was exiled to Mandalay in Burma. In June 1925, Bose was deeply struck by the sudden loss of his mentor Chittaranjan Das. At the end of 1926 he was nominated in absentia, as a candidate for the Bengal Legislative Assembly. On May 16 1927 he was released from jail due to ill-health. The two years in Mandalay increased his confidence and strength. By December 1927, Bose with Jawaharlal Nehru became the the General Secretary of the Indian National Congress. On January 23 1930, Bose was once again arrested for leading an "Independence" procession. After being released from jail on September 25, he was elected as the Mayor of the City of Calcutta. He was incarcerated eleven times by the British over a span of twenty years, either in India or in Rangoon. He spent many years in various capacities as the Chief Executive Officer of the Calcutta Municipal Corporation (where Chittaranjan Das had previously been Mayor), and later as Mayor himself. With Jawaharlal Nehru he was one of the radical Left wing leaders of the Congress Party. He was exiled from India, during the mid 1930s to Europe, where he stated India's cause for self-rule before gatherings and conferences (like the Second Communist International). After his father's death the British authorities allowed him to land at Calcutta's airport only for the religious rites, which would be followed by his swift departure. During this time he traveled extensively in India and in Europe before stating his political opposition to Gandhi. He became the president of the Haripura Indian National Congress in 1938, against Gandhi's wishes. He was elected for a second term in 1939 in Tripura Congress Session; Gandhi had supported Pattabhi Sitaramayya and commented "Pattavi's defeat is my defeat" after learning the election results. Although Bose won the election, Gandhi's continued opposition led to the resignation of the Working Committee. In the face of this gesture of no-confidence Bose himself resigned. Bose then formed an independent party, the All India Forward Bloc. == Actions during the Second World War == Bose advocated the approach that the political instability at war-time Britain should be taken advantage of—rather than simply wait for the British to grant political "Home Rule" after the end of the war (which was the view of Gandhi, Nehru and a section of the Congress leadership) at the time. In this he was influenced by the examples of Italian statesmen Giuseppe Garibaldi and Giuseppe Mazzini. During his stay in Europe from 1933 to 1936, he met several European leaders and thinkers, including Benito Mussolini, Eduard Benes, Karl Seitz, Eamon De Valera, Romain Rolland, and Alfred Rosenberg. He came to believe that India could achieve political freedom only if it had political, military and diplomatic support from outside and that an independent nation necessitated the creation of a national army. His correspondence reveals that despite his sheer dislike for British subjugation, he was deeply impressed by their methodical and systematic approach and their steadfastedly disciplinarian outlook towards life. In England, he exchanged ideas with British Labour Party leaders and political thinkers on the future of India. He came to accept the view that a free India needed Socialist authoritarianism, on the lines of Turkey's Kemal Ataturk for at least two decades. [[Image:Aifbnetajimalayalam.JPG|thumb|align="right"|Netaji poster in Thiruvananthapuram]] === In Germany === At the start of World War II, Bose escaped his incarceration at home by taking the guise of a Pathan insurance agent ("Ziaudddin") to Afghanistan and from there to Moscow with the passport of an Italian nobleman "Count Orlando Mazzotta". From Moscow he reached Rome and from there he traveled to Germany where he instituted the Special Bureau for India under Adam von Trott zu Solz, broadcasting on the German-sponsored Azad Hind Radio. He founded the Free India Centre in Berlin and created the Indian Legion (consisting of some 4500 soldiers) out of Indian prisoners of war who had previously fought for the British in North Africa, but had capitulated to Erwin Rommel's Afrika Korps. The Azad Hind legion was attached to the Waffen SS, and they swore their allegiance to Hitler and Bose for the independence of India. Bose was deeply dissapointed with Hitler when the Germans invaded the Soviet Union and decided to leave Nazi Germany. Besides, Hitler had shown little interest for the cause of Indian independence. He travelled by submarine around the Cape of Good Hope to Imperial Japan, which helped him to raise his army in Singapore. This was the only civilian-transfer across two different submarines of two different navies in World War II. === In Japan === The Indian National Army (INA) consisted of some 85,000 regular troops, a separate women's army unit named after Rani Lakshmi Bai (in a regular army, the women's army unit was the first of its kind in Asia), who gave her life in the Sepoy Mutiny in 1857. These were under the aegis of a provisional government, with its own currency, court and civil code, named the "Provisional Government of Free India" (or the Arzi Hukumate Azad Hind) and recognised by nine Axis states: Germany, Japan, Italy, Croatia, Nationalist China, Siam, Burma, Manchukuo and the Philippines. This government had participated as a delegate or observer in the so-called Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. En route to India, some of Bose's troops assisted in the Japanese victory over the British in the battles of Arakan and Meiktila, along with the Burmese National Army led by Ba Maw and Aung San. The Provisional Government and the INA were established in the Andaman Islands and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal, part of the British Indian Empire. On Indian mainland, the Indian Tricolor was raised for the first time in the town in Moirang, in Manipur, in northeastern India. The other towns of Kohima and Imphal, were placed under siege by divisions of the Japanese, the Burmese and the Gandhi and Nehru Brigades of I.N.A.. At the time of the Great Bengal Famine of 1943, during which millions died of starvation, Bose had offered (through radio) Burmese rice to the victims of the famine. The British authorities in India (and in the UK) refused the offer. When the Japanese were defeated at the Battle of Kohima and Battle of Imphal, the Provisional Government's aim of establishing a base in mainland India was lost forever and the INA was forced to pull-back along with the defeated Japanese Imperial Army. Japan's surrender after the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki also led to the eventual surrender of the Indian National Army. == Political views == Even though Bose and Gandhi had differing ideologies, the latter called Bose the ''"Patriot of Patriots"'' (Bose had called Gandhi "Father of the Nation"). He has been given belated recognition in India, and especially in West Bengal; Calcutta's civil airport and a university have been named after him. Many of the symbols of the Bose's provisional government, which were also associated with the Congress, have been adopted in independent India: Rabindranath Tagore's "Jana Gana Mana", which was the national song of the Provisional Government of Azad Hind is independent India's National Anthem, and the tricolour as India's national flag. His alliance with the Axis continues to be controversial; many in India consider him a hero for his forceful stance against oppressive British imperialism. In working with the Japanese he was however fighting his own countrymen, who defended India within the unpoliticised volunteer British Indian Army against the Japanese invasion. At the time of the start of the Second World War, great divisions existed in the Indian independence movement about whether to exploit the weakness of the British to achieve independence. Some felt that any distinctions between the political allegiances and ideologies of the warring factions of Europe were inconsequential in the face of the possibility of Indian independence, and that it was hypocritical of the British to condemn pro-democracy Indians for allying themselves with anti-democratic Axis forces when the British themselves showed so little respect for democracy or democratic reforms in India. Others felt that it was inappropriate to seek concessions when Britain itself was in peril, and found their distaste for Nazi Germany outweighed their concerns about Independence. Bose, in particular, was accused of 'collaborating' with the Axis; he counter-attacked the allegation criticising the British campaign during World War-II, saying that while Britain was fighting for the freedom of the European nations under Nazi control, it did not grant its own colonies, including India their rightful independence. It may be observed that along with Nehru, Bose had organized and led protest marches against the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931, and of China itself in 1938, when he was Congress president. During that period, Chinese leader Chiang Kai Shek was feted in India and medical aid and food supplies were sent to Chinese areas which suffered the worst brunt of Japanese imperialism. That he eventually abandoned his political stance (which initially was that of Gandhi and Nehru) reflects his deep discontent with the nature of the British rule, and a growing belief that the formation of an Indian free state was nowhere on the British political roadmap. At the Tripura Congress session, he made his views quite explicit: Britain had forced a war on India, without bothering to consult Indians. It is interesting to note that Bose's earlier correspondences (prior to 1939) reflect his deep disapproval of the racist practices of and annulment of democratic institutions in Nazi Germany. Though Bose did ally himself with the Axis powers, there is little to suggest he shared any of their doctrines of racial superiority; instead it appears he was motivated to join them largely out of political pragmatism. == Re-evaluation of Netaji == [[Image:Netajimuralkolkata.JPG|thumb|right|Netaji mural in Kolkata]] The INA is fondly remembered by some Japanese and Indian historians who see Japanese efforts to support Bose as supporting the view that it was fighting a war on behalf of the oppressed peoples of Asia, in addition, the INA is seen by some as an organisation devoid of the divisive energies of parochialism that have since plagued India. Gandhi called Bose the "Patriot of Patriots" (Bose had called Gandhi "Father of the Nation"). Bose's portrait is also hung in the Indian Parliament and a statue has been erected in front of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly. Bose was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award in 1992, but it was later withdrawn in response to a Supreme Court of India directive following a Public Interest Litigation filed in the Court against the "posthumous" nature of the award. The Award Committee could not give conclusive evidence of Bose's death and thus it invalidated the "posthumous" award. == Death == Bose is supposed to have died in a plane crash over Taiwan while flying to Tokyo. However, his body was never recovered, and conspiracy theories concerning his possible survival abound. One such claims that Bose actually died in Siberia, while in Soviet Union captivity. Mr. Harin Shah, an Indian journalist, visited Taipei and was shown a plane crash site (supposedly of Bose's plane). Photos can be found at [http://www.hindustantimes.com/news/specials/Netaji/photogallerycrash.htm] However, the Taiwan Government told an Indian journalist investigating into Bose's death that Bose could not have died in a plane crash in the country, stating that there "were no plane crashes at Taipei between 14 August and 20 September 1945." [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4236189.stm] Despite this testimony three separate Indian government investigations have concluded that Bose died in the plane crash, although a fourth one-man board convened in 1999, the Mukherjee Commission, will not issue its conclusions until 14 May 2005. ==In media== *In May 2005, ''Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose: The Forgotten Hero'', was released. It was directed by Shyam Benegal. ==See also== * Emilie Schenkl * Mahatma Gandhi * Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology * Netaji Subhas Open University * Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport == Reading List == * Brothers Against the Raj --- A biography of Indian Nationalists Sarat and Subhas Chandra Bose / Leonard A. Gordon, Princeton University Press, 1990 * Lost hero : a biography of Subhas Bose / Mihir Bose, Quartet Books, London ; 1982 * Democracy Indian style : Subhas Chandra Bose and the creation of India's political culture / Anton Pelinka ; translated by Renée Schell, New Brunswick, NJ : Transaction Publishers (Rutgers University Press), 2003 * Subhas Chandra Bose : a biography / Marshall J. Getz, Jefferson, N.C. : McFarland & Co., USA, 2002 * Netaji and India's freedom : proceedings of the International Netaji Seminar, 1973 / edited by Sisir K. Bose. International Netaji Seminar (1973 : Calcutta, India), Netaji Research Bureau, Calcutta, India, 1973 * Indian Pilgrim : an unfinished autobiography / Subhas Chandra Bose ; edited by Sisir Kumar Bose and Sugata Bose, Oxford University Press, Calcutta, 1997 * Indian Struggle, 1920-1942 / Subhas Chandra Bose ; edited by Sisir Kumar Bose and Sugata Bose, Oxford University Press, Calcutta, 1997 * Correspondence and Selected Documents, 1930-1942 / Subhas Chandra Bose ; edited by Ravindra Kumar, Inter-India, New Delhi, 1992. * Letters to Emilie Schenkl, 1934-1942 / Subhash Chandra Bose; edited by Sisir Kumar Bose and Sugata Bose, Permanent Black : New Delhi, 2004 * Japanese-trained armies in Southeast Asia : independence and volunteer forces in World War II / Joyce C. Lebra, New York : Columbia University Press, 1977 * Jungle alliance, Japan and the Indian National Army / Joyce C. Lebra, Singapore, Donald Moore for Asia Pacific Press,1971 * The Forgotten Army : India's Armed Struggle for Independence / Peter Ward Fay, Calcutta: Rupa & Co., 1994 ==External links== * [http://netaji.netfirms.com/index.htm Website on Subhash Chandra Bose] * [http://banglapedia.search.com.bd/HT/B_0596.HTM From Banglapedia] * [http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/itihas/bose.htm Article on Bose] * [http://www.netaji.org Website on Netaji] * [http://www.yorozubp.com/netaji/ Speeches of Netaji] * [http://sify.com/itihaas/fullstory.php?id=13401417 More information on Netaji] * [http://indianarmy.nic.in/arhist.htm Indian Army official website history] * [http://www.s-asian.cam.ac.uk/govt.html Centre of South Asian Studies, University of Cambridge] * [http://www.wisc.edu/southasiaoutreach/lessons/figures/bose.html Centre of South Asian Studies, University of Wisconsin] * [http://bengalonline.sitemarvel.com/netaji1.html Another source-1] * [http://bengalonline.sitemarvel.com/netaji2.html Another source-2] * [http://www.sholay.com/personalities/subhas.htm Important Dates] * [http://www.vandemataram.com/biographies/patriots/subhashbose.htm Brief biography] * [http://www.lokpriya.com/personalities/political/past/subhas.html Indian political personalities] * [http://www.tamilnation.org/ideology/bose.htm Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose & India's Independence] * [http://www.swordoftruth.com/swordoftruth/archives/byauthor/shamolimitra/tmbnd.html Mystery behind Netaji's Disappearance - 1] * [http://www.hindustantimes.com/news/specials/Netaji/netajihomepage.shtml Mystery behind Netaji's Disappearance - 2] * [http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010819/spectrum/main1.htm Mystery behind Netaji's Disappearance - 3] * [http://www.tuhl.freeserve.co.uk/tuhl_azad_hind.htm Free Indian Legion] * [http://www.hindustantimes.com/news/specials/Netaji/images/doctor.gif A rare image of a Doctor's report for permission to cremate Netaji's body.] kn:ನೇತಾಜಿ ಸುಭಾಷ್ ಚಂದ್ರ ಬೋಸ್ Indian freedom fighters Indian history People of Kolkata 1897 births 1945 deaths World War II political leaders
IMHO, this is an inaccurate description of Subhash Chandra Bose. He was neither a coward nor a refugee to flee to Germany, for his life. He fought with the British, he struggled for his cause within Indian National Congress, formed Indian National Army. during that course of action, he met with Italians and Germans as well as Bolsheviks. His real intention was to bring an armed struggle against British imerial forces as opposed to pacifist approach of Mohandas Gandhi. I will try to put my 02 cents here, but forgive me for my (very) limited history knowledge. :user:Sudhir Krishnan I reverted an attempt to replace the article with copyright material. A reference to the article is in Extermal Links. User:DJ Clayworth 17:27, 27 Nov 2003 (UTC) I would like to see it made explicit why Bose travelled to Germany. I presume, from the context, that it was to secure German support for Indian Nationalism and to promise the support of his followers for the German War effort in return for that support. Is that the case? Also, what is the unit's "heroism"? There is no mention in Indian National Army of heroic actions. Just being a successful fighting unit does not make them more heroes than the British or Japanese units. User:DJ Clayworth 15:49, 8 Jul 2004 (UTC) In what way would be it incorrect or biased to state that India was "cruelly oppressed"? What about the Jallianwallah Bagh massacre or the way the colonial authorities let millions starve in the Bengal famine? Perhaps they don't teach that in US/UK schools? --User:Soman 22:02, 18 Jul 2004 (UTC) :I'm not saying it wasn't. I think it was. But it is a matter of opinion, and we follow a policy of Wikipedia:NPOV. User:Everyking 00:05, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC) Reasons for putting NPOV. While Germany, Italy, Siam and Japan were internationally recognized states, the same cannot be said for the others on the list. Croatia was recognized only by the member states of the Axis, as was Manchukuo {puppet of Japan}, the puppet Chinese government {also of Japan}, the Philippines {who went from a puppet of the United States to direct rule under Japan, then back to being a puppet state} and Burma {which was run basically as a Japanese colony until the creation of a puppet state there in 1943}. If someone wishes to remove it... --User:Hikaru79 4:58 August 27th, 2004 {UTC} Dear 'disputers': You won't change a couple of facts, even if you don't like them. Today, at least in Bharat, Netaji is the most popular politician in Indian history. Croatia is by now an independant state, recognized by all other nations in the world, even by Serbia. And so will be Manchukuo again, as soon as the so-called 'PR of China' will break down, as the Soviet Union did. And I am sure that I shall see it in my days. Impassioned rhetoric aside, some of the disputes are legitimate. Croatia may be an independent state now, but it was not when it recognized the Free India government. Hence the dispute about the validity of including the recognition of a regime that wasn't recognized itself by any country other than its ruler. For more information, see Ustashe. ==Important people met by Bose== Is this section really necessary? User:Utcursch 10:11, Dec 15, 2004 (UTC) : I don't think so. It's pretty frivilous. User:Alren 16:48, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC) == Mukherjee Commission == Something ought to be written about it, see http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/984440.cms --User:Soman 11:01, 8 Jan 2005 (UTC) == rumors of a daughter in germany? == I read an article a long time ago that bose had a daughter with a german woman. Is it true? == Traitor? == The NPOV-tag is ridulous. Who sees Bose as a traitor? (In India that is, he could hardly be accused of having betrayed any other country, say United Kingdom). --User:Soman 19:29, 10 May 2005 (UTC) :From a european and an allied view Bose is certainly a traitor. For some in India he is a hero, but I guess not all, as there was a significant number of Indian soldiers fighting with the allied forces during the war. When one looks at the consequences of a victory for Nazi Germany and Japan one also has to ask the question if Bose was betraying the Indian people. Little doubt that they would have been very bad off by a Japanese occupation, to take that possibility. :So I believe that there is a very good reason to rewrite the article. That does not mean that Bose only should be described as a collaborator with the Axis, but this is a vital part of the history of him and needs to be mentioned in order for the article to be balanced. You may for examble see whats written of him in answers.com :"Bose, Subhas Chandra (shʊbhäsh' chŭn'drə bōs) , 1897–1945, Indian nationalist. He began his political career in Calcutta and soon became the leader of the left wing of the Indian National Congress party. He was president of the party in 1938–39 but was forced to resign after a dispute with Mohandas K. Gandhi; he advocated militancy to achieve independence for India and believed in dictatorship to unify the country. Jailed by the British for his Axis sympathies in World War II, he escaped (1941) and fled to Germany. In 1943 he headed in Singapore a Japanese-sponsored “provisional government of India” and organized an “Indian national army.” Although sympathetic to totalitarianism, his collaboration was principally directed toward freeing India from British rule and the establishment of an independent regime. He was killed in an airplane crash. :Bibliography :See his collected writings and letters, ed. by J. S. Bright (2d ed. 1947); L. Gordon, Brothers Against the Raj (1990)." :I do not feel capable to do this rewrite, but I am sure someone else with a knowlegde of the issue can do it, so until she/he emerges I do belive the article is best left with the NPOV tag. User:Ulflarsen 19:18, 11 May 2005 (UTC) == Bose as a collaborator with the Axis powers == From the article it seems quite clear that Bose was collaborating close with the Axis powers. He cooperated with both the Germans and the Japanese. If the axis powers had won India would probably been worse off than under the British, and so his acts here was against the long term interests of the Indian people as well. :eh? How on earth do you conclude that '' "his acts here was against the long term interests of the Indian people" ''? Are you an Indian? Had you been in India during the British rule? Do you know *anything at all* about British rule in India? Do you read, at all? ::I am not an Indian, but I can read. There is no doubt that the British supressed India, and had a long list of shameful and tragic acts to answer for, one may for example look at the Bengal famine of 1943. But - if the Axis powers that Bose relied on had won, India would most probably been ruled by the Japanese. If one look at how they ruled the areas they occupied I find it quite easy to say that Bose worked against the long term interests of the Indian people. And interestingly - after the Allied forces crushed the Axis powers, India got its independence in 1947. If the japanese militarists had won, India may well have been a colony or a puppet state of Japan today - and not the strong independent state that it is. User:Ulflarsen 19:28, 11 May 2005 (UTC) Parts of the article, like: "Bose himself claimed he could see little difference between the fundamentally oppressive nature of either British imperialism or Axis's fascism despite having lived in Colonial India, democratic Britain and Fascist Germany." -shows quite clear how naive he was about Nazi Germany. :Amritsar_Massacre , you would've known. Please don't go around making gauche/careless statements when you don't know about the subject. ::The Amritsar Massacre was a shameful incident. But reading the article you link to one will see that the event was widely discussed and condemned in the west. If you then compare that massacre, and the famine of 1943 with the suffering the Chinese people led under the Japanese war of aggression - you may see a clear difference in cruelty in Sino-Japanese_War_%281937-1945%29. That same Japan was the country that aided Bose in establishing an army. I have little doubht that the Japanese would have used him - and deposed of him if they had won over the British and occupied India. That Bose aligned himself with that aggressive country, that still today has not sufficiently excused itself of its wartime misdeeds, needs to be reflected in the article for it to be balanced. User:Ulflarsen 19:43, 11 May 2005 (UTC) "A testament to Bose's organizational acumen, the Indian National Army consisted of some 85000 regular troops, a separate women's army unit named after Rani Lakshmi Bai (in a regular army, the women's army unit was the first of its kind in Asia), who gave her life in the First War of Independence in 1857. These were under the aegis of a regular government, with its own currency, court and civil code, named the "Provisional Government of Free India" (or the Arzi Hukumate Azad Hind) and recognised by nine states: Germany, Japan, Italy, Croatia, Nationalist China, Siam, Burma, Manchukuo and the Philippines." The countries liste above recognising the "Provisional Government of Free India" was all Axis controlled countries. :so what? They were *freedom fighters* and they were fighting the *British* (read this ten times). No country aligned with British would've ever recognised/helped them. ::I have no doubt that they saw themselves as freedom fighters. But to achieve his goal Bose aligned himself with two of the most supressive countries that the modern world has seen. And a list of countries supporting his provisional government that all were defeated by the end of the war says something about the value of that support. Again, this website tries hard to be an encyclopedia - and it is not a place where various political cases should have a place to singlemindedly went their ideas - articles should be NPOV. Currently the article about Bose is not so, and therefore the NPOV tag should stay until someone with knowledge manage to rewrite it in a balanced way. User:Ulflarsen 19:50, 11 May 2005 (UTC) The article needs to be rewritten before the NPOV tag can be removed. User:Ulflarsen 20:34, 10 May 2005 (UTC) ''19:12, 10 May 2005 Ulflarsen (I believe this article is rather biased, not NPOV and should be rewritten, as Bose is seen as a traitor by many)''' :Who sees Bose as a traitor? you do? History should be taken into account before making such careless statements. It is true that he collaborated with axis powers, but he did that to try and liberate India from the oppressive British. You just don't know what it is to fight one's freedom. Go and do some homework kid, before marking articles blindly as POVs. get around and do some reading. ::The article is rather biased as I tried to show with the citations above. I suggest you comment on them instead of making comments about my reading. I base my NPOV on the article's content and I belive it is rather easy to see that Bose is seen in a most favourable light. ::Talking about freedom, and freedom fighting that is also a point I examine. If the Axis powers that Bose aligned himself with had won the war (as Bose certainly hoped), India would have been very bad off today. Witness the atrocities of Nazi Germany and Japan. This is not a defense for the British rule of India which was wrong - but Bose's alternative would have made matters worse for the Indian people. ::You may also notice that I did not write anything myself about Bose, as I do not have that kind of knowledge that I feel competent to write about him. But reading the current article about him is enough to see that it needs to be written over again, with less bias. User:Ulflarsen 21:23, 10 May 2005 (UTC) My two paise: Bose was a radical, opposed to the British and refused to follow the non-violent path to freedom. The only reason he aligned his organisation with the Axis was under the logic "an enemy's enemy is a friend". He was careful enough not to support their ideology. In a war of such implications, ideology takes a backseat, thus creating some unthinkable alliances. It would be another issue if Bose had ideological sympathies with the Axis, but he didn't, and its ludicrous to brand him a traitor to India's freedom cause. (PS please sign your replies) == 05:16, May 11, 2005 (UTC) :And in connection with what Nichalp is saying about Realpolitik, let's not forget that even the USSR was for a while allied with Hitler – this is the country that subsequently made by far the greatest sacrifices to bring him down. I have to say, though, that the article as currently written really seems to be bending over backwards to justify Netaji's alignment with the Axis. Can we not find some dissenting voice (with attributions!) to describe as taking an alternate POV? (I'm especially thinking of Jawaharlal Nehru and others who took his approach to the Allied cause... Or perhaps M. N. Roy?) User:QuartierLatin1968 14:19, 11 May 2005 (UTC) ::As you may see from the various replies I have written above I understand very well that one has to think "Realpolitik" - as Churchill did when he fully supported the USSR after the Nazi invasion 21 June 1941. But it has its consequences - and Churchill was for the rest of his life haunted by how the poles and the balts were sold out during Jalta. And to look at the consequences of Bose seeking support from the Axis one have to look at how they treated the countries they colonized. I do believe that it is easy to say that India was better off as a British colony than as a Japanese. As of today, it seems to be little hostility between Britain and India - the same can not be said about Japan and China. I guess that says a bit how hard the japanese occupation was. ::Again - I am not out to remove that Bose is seen as a hero by many in India - but the other view of him needs to be written in, if the article is to be balanced. User:Ulflarsen 20:15, 11 May 2005 (UTC) :::hello, I don't know what you have against Japan or the "Axis powers". Please vent out your anger on the "Axis powers" elsewhere. But the stand you're taking is clearly a POV and not the article as it is currently. You seem to suggest that we label Subash chandra bose a *traitor* 'cos the other view (your view) is that? Don't mark in POV just 'cos you view it from an opressor's viewpoint. ::''India was better off as a British colony than as a Japanese'' :::This is ridiculous. We're not juggling with the possibilities and exploring things that could've happened. We're recording things that happened and writing about a freedom fighter. I see no sense in your false 'POVed aticle' stand. Its time to move on. --User:59.92.226.23 14:50, 12 May 2005 (UTC) ::::I have no problem in that some disagree with me in my view on the article. But then they should argue their position. I have tried to extensively show that Bose also could be seen as a collaborator, also by Indians. Labeling my arguments as "ridiculous" does not bring the discussion forward. Whether he was a freedom fighter is also a question of how one look at him. For some he was a freedom fighter - for others a collaborator. The article as it stands paints Bose in a very posivite light, the darker side of his political work should be more clearly pointed out before the NPOV tag can be removed. User:Ulflarsen 14:59, 12 May 2005 (UTC) :::::Now, don't be a moron. What more explanation do you need? Didn't you read the words by the other fellow wikipedians? --User:59.92.226.23 15:06, 12 May 2005 (UTC) Again, I believe I have argued the case for a rewrite of the article. Have posted this before, but here is an article from Answers.com regarding Bose: "Bose, Subhas Chandra (shʊbhäsh' chŭn'drə bōs) , 1897–1945, Indian nationalist. He began his political career in Calcutta and soon became the leader of the left wing of the Indian National Congress party. He was president of the party in 1938–39 but was forced to resign after a dispute with Mohandas K. Gandhi; he advocated militancy to achieve independence for India and believed in dictatorship to unify the country. Jailed by the British for his Axis sympathies in World War II, he escaped (1941) and fled to Germany. In 1943 he headed in Singapore a Japanese-sponsored “provisional government of India” and organized an “Indian national army.” Although sympathetic to totalitarianism, his collaboration was principally directed toward freeing India from British rule and the establishment of an independent regime. He was killed in an airplane crash. Bibliography: See his collected writings and letters, ed. by J. S. Bright (2d ed. 1947); L. Gordon, Brothers Against the Raj (1990)." As you can see, this short article gives a quite balanced view of Bose, and it also mentions that he fell out with Gandhi. This is not a question of whether Bose was a freedomfighter or not, it is a question of Wikipedia being an encyclopedia and therefor should present all relevant information in as balanced a way as possible. Ulflarsen 15:21, 12 May 2005 (UTC) :::::::My dear fellow, are you sure of what you've been writing here down? You seem to be mincing your own words. First you say the countries in the "axis powers" were forever evil and even seem to suggest that British were better off for India than Japanese. I don't know wether you were justified to go on making such careless comments, but I surely know that you've been changing positions in your stand. :::::::First you say label S C Bose as a "Collaborator" and a "traitor". Now you seem to suggest that the article should mention '''he fell out with Gandhi. This is not a question of whether Bose was a freedomfighter or not''... which makes me to ask you the inevitable: are you sure you aren't nuts? P.S: *you, Mr. User:Ulflarsen said this*: (The hieght of carelessness) * I do believe that it is easy to say that India was better off as a British colony than as a Japanese Seen from the Allied side Bose was a collaborator and a traitor. Seems that quite many of his countrymen must have had that position, if not they would not have enlisted in a war against the Axis powers. ::First off, nobody in India joined hands to fight with allied forces. It was *thrust* upon them. A war was the last thing they needed. Read about the Congress's opposition on India's inclusion in the world war by the ruling British. Yes - I did write that I "I do believe that it is easy to say that India was better off as a British colony than as a Japanese". ::It is insane to portray some pre-concieved notion about any event that would happen or would've happened. It is the hieght of your carelessness that you make such gauche statements. I really fail to understand what you've personally got against Japan. But no country is to be termed *forever evil* just 'cos it once participated in a World war against the allied forces. If you do not agree in that statement, then please argue against it. That is not to say that India and any other country is best off as an independent country. ::?? Care to explain? (add it below with another title - ''"User:Ulflarsen explains and suggests what was best for India"'') But quite often one has to choose between two evils, and the Japanese was clearly the worse in this case. ::ok, so both are evil, now, for you. I believe it is very good reasons for rewriting the article, as as you see I have started a new part discussing that. I hope we can discuss a rewrite that gives a more balanced view of Bose, an article that also shows the serious problem in him collaborating with the Axis powers. User:Ulflarsen 16:06, 12 May 2005 (UTC) ==How to solve the problem with the current article== I do not see the point of more reverts, so I will just drop adding NPOV to the article as it is quickly reverted. That however does not change the situation that the article as I see it is NPOV. The rules for resolving differences over articles Dispute_resolution. The first move is to talk to the opposing party. I have listed my reasons for the current article not being NPOV, but little facts has come forward except claiming that Bose was a freedom fighter and that I as not being an indian can not judge on the article. :'''This is wrong. There's been sufficient information provided. The disputant should stop acting blind and patiently read whats been written here and review his own careless statements. '''--User:59.92.226.23 16:01, 12 May 2005 (UTC) I challenge those who defend the article as it is to come forward to defend it, especially its pro-Axis view and the light treatment of Bose's collaboration with the Axis powers. I hope we can discuss this here and that a revised article can be written that treats the subject in a more balanced way. User:Ulflarsen 15:38, 12 May 2005 (UTC) :I think that the article is now more balanced but I have a problem with a sentence which seems odd: :''...Azad Hind Fauz (in Hindustani) was an organization devoid of any of the divisive energies of provincialism, casteism, communalism, bigotry, parochialism, religious fundamentalism, orthodoxy due to social obscurantism and social intolerance, which in their wake, have more often than not, caused harm to India's secular and socio-cultural fabric.''' Clarifications needed. : == 18:45, May 12, 2005 (UTC) == A Historian's view == http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/itihas/bose.htm From the page: '' Dr. Jyotsna Kamat is a historian living in Bangalore. India's freedom struggle is one of her favorite topics'' She mentions these: ''For common Indians, Axis and Allied powers hardly mattered'' ''Bose wanted to free India from the Eastern front. He had taken care that Japanese interference was not present from any angle'' ''INA marched through Burma and occupied Coxtown on the Indian Border.'' (Please note: ''INA'' and *not* Japan army) So, those who would opt to call him a ''collaborator'' or ''traitor'' should go through a sanity check. --User:59.92.140.94 06:28, 15 May 2005 (UTC) ::During the war he sided both with Nazi Germany and the Japanese. There is little doubt that he was a collaborator. That ordinary indians did not care is not that strange, as they never lived through Japanese occupation. If they had done so they would have taken a different view of Bose. ::That does not mean that Bose was not a freedom fighter, in his own view, just that he was not as wise as his fellow freedomfighter Gandhi, to name one. The Japanese were using INA for their own goals, like they did with other similar movements. Again, India as a colony was much better off under the British than they would have been under the Japanese. The huge mistake Bose did was not to see this and unite with the British during wartime, and then continue fighting them after the Axis had been defeated. User:Ulflarsen 06:53, 15 May 2005 (UTC) :::I am surprised at this line of reasoning. Why on earth do you consider that "Again, India as a colony was much better off under the British than they would have been under the Japanese. "??? Isn't that a little bit too much of Anglo-worship? How can you be sure the British were a lot better than whatever the JApanese would have done? Wasn't Britain's fortune made through exploitation of India? Anyway, history is written by the victors, and thus favors victors with unlimited virtues. And since WHEN is following a different path called "Collaboration"? Finally, Traitor would mean betraying the trust. Why should any indian nationalist leader try utmost not to betray the trust of the British government/empire? With due respect, are you implying the Indians should have been bootlickers of the British forever, never protesting or trying to throw out the 200 year old enemy/occupiers? --User:Ragib 07:58, 15 May 2005 (UTC) ::::To say that clearly first of all - the British should never have colonized India (or other countries for that sake). And when so happened they had full right to resist the British. But the fact was that Britain was the colonial power, had been so, but was slowly starting to see that this had to end. Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan, on the contrary - had to be crushed to give up their imperial ambitions. That the Japanese were ten times worse (even remembering disasters as the 1943 Bengal famine) is easy to see when one compares the British rule in India with the Japanese in China. During WW2 China lost some 20 million due to the Japanese war and occupation. ::::So, if the one Bose aligned himself with had won, India would have gone from bad to worse. Most Indians must have seen this at that time, if not there would have been large uprisings against the British that would have benefitted the Japanese. One that seems to have started out like Bose was Aung San. He started to collaborate with the Japanese invader, but saw their rule and then went on fighting them together with the Allid forces. Bose showed very bad judgement and was betraying the trust of ordinary Indians, and that I believe should be better stated in the article of him. That he was in idealist and hoped to free his people can not let him escape his disastrous decisions. Luckily for India - and the Allies, he did not succeed. User:Ulflarsen 11:32, 15 May 2005 (UTC) :::::''Disastrous decisions?'' ''Bose was like Aung San''? Dude, convince me that you aren't nuts. --User:59.92.140.216 17:52, 19 May 2005 (UTC) ::::::If you disagre with me you should put forward your arguments. As I have showed earlier more than 2 million ordinary Indians fought with the Allies, their view surely must have some weight. Also, as you may notice - the Chinese still has a huge problem with the Japanese due to their massacres in China during WW2. Last but not least, Aung San saw the true character of the Japanese occupation and changed from supporting them to fighting them - aligning himself with the Allied forces. User:Ulflarsen 19:04, 19 May 2005 (UTC) ::::::I just want to comment on one thing, "ordinary" Indians didnt not fight, the Indian soldiers did. They would have fought anyone they were ordered to by the British officers. That doesn't mean they "saw the true character", many of the Indian soldiers also fought against the rebel Indians during the Indian rebellion of 1857. That doesn't mean Indians at that time supported the British rule and hated their own people. So your logic that since soldiers fought along with the British, they all supported the British in WW2, is completely wrong. Come up with some other arguments please. --User:Ragib 21:18, 19 May 2005 (UTC) :::::::The Indian Army's official website says this "In 1939, the Army had 189,000 in its ranks -rising to 2,644,323 at peak strength in 1945." :::::::http://indianarmy.nic.in/arhist.htm :::::::-and it shows the enormous expansion of the Indian army during the war. Some probably fought for money and that alone, but if the British rule at that time was as Bose stated it is strange that they did so. I do not say that they supported the British rule - but that they aligned themselves with the Allied forces and their fight against the Axis powers (the Japanese, Germans and Italians). And history showed they were right, as India got its independence in 1947. If Bose's allies had won, that is the Japanese and Nazi Germany - that would not had happened, and not seeing that is Bose's dangerous mistake, which would have to be paid by ordinary Indians, as the Indian soldiers he left behind in Germany when he escaped to Japan. I would ask you to check the Indian Army history as presented by its website, it shows clearly who Bose were up against. Very good for ordinary Indians that he and his Indian National Army lost against the Indian Army. :::::::This is not to say that Bose was dishonest, he probably believed in his ideas, but he was led astray, possibly by his own hatred of the British colonialists that had occupied his country for centuries. User:Ulflarsen 22:29, 19 May 2005 (UTC) ::: Mr. Norway, I am not saying that you are dishonest, you probably believe in your ideas. but you are probably led astray by your own hatred of the axis powers. What you don't see is the fact that taking help from the Axis power is not the same as believeing in their ideology. So what exactly is your point? His intensions were right but his judgement was flawed, or his intensions were bad too? User:128.125.20.196 08:35, 20 May 2005 (UTC) I have presented a list of arguments, that shows the following: *Most Indians fought with the British, against the Axis - some 2.6 million, against the INA's 85.000. That is a ratio of roughly 30 to 1. If ordinary Indians had supported Bose the number would possibly be the other way around. The numbers are from the official website of the Indian Army: http://indianarmy.nic.in/arhist.htm :There is no point in disputing the numbers and stats you present. However, you have to consider that these were *Soliders* of the regular army. Whatever they think of Nazi or Japanese or whoever really doesn't matter here. They were regular soldiers under the Indian Army, whose superiors were British. So, they would fight *anyone* when ordered. I'm not sure if you would understand the notion, but while the people of an occupied country hate the occupier and colonial rulers, that doesn't mean that some of the people would join the army for a living (paid handsomely during ww2) and do whatever told. Consider the fact that at that time India's (undivided India) total population was 330 million. So if 2 million of them were soldiers, and they were ordered by the British to fight with the Japanese, they would do so, that fact doesn't change any thing, or prove yourn point. All Indian politicians of the time including Gandhi, Nehru, Jinnah opposed the British. They didn't have any special love for the British that they'd pull Indians together to fight with them against the "British's enemies". You can easily add tens of millions of people who supported Bose during the war. --User:Ragib 11:26, 20 May 2005 (UTC) *Bose collaborated with both Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan. Some claim that whether the Axis won, or the Allies was of no difference for the ordinary Indians. I have showed, with the Japanese atrocities in China, that there indeed was a difference. If we say that the Bengal famine of 1943 claimed 4 million lives, then compare that to the 20 million lost in China during the Japanese occupation. That is a ratio of 5 to 1. Some seem to believe that Bose actually controlled the INA. They should read about Aung San, how he changed side after trying the same as Bose, that is to use the Japanese against the British. I quote from the San article: "However, his cooperation with the Japanese authorities was to be short-lived. He became skeptical about their promises of true independence, and was displeased with their treatment of Burmese forces". :This is indeed, yet another fallacious logic. Did you ever think what would happen if, in any battle of history, the other side won? Whoever wins makes the other side look awefully bad. Just to give you an example, suppose that Bangladesh was defeated in the Bangladesh Liberation War with the West Pakistani rulers. What would the Mukti Bahini (Bengali freedom fighers) be called? Traitors? Definitely! Also, what would history say? Definitely, that people would have been a lot worse off in independent Bangladesh, than in East Pakistan. My point is that if the Japanese, hypotheticlaly, won, we would be reading about British and American atrocities instead o f the Japanese ones in our school textbooks. *In the end, the Axis was crushed, and shortly after India, Burma, and other countries got their independence. If the Axis had won, the forces that Bose had allied himself with, India would not have had its freedom for many years. That is not speculation, one can read the history of Imperial Japan and see how they treated other countries they occupied, no reason to believe they would have treated India any better. :*Wrong again. India won independence because that was inevitable. The nationalist movement was already quite strong, with or without the WW2. Also, that part is sheer speculation, not supported by facts. You CANNOT say what people would have done. --User:Ragib 11:26, 20 May 2005 (UTC) This does not mean I support the British colonial rule of India. It was illegal and the British (or other european powers, like Portugal, Denmark-Norway etc) should not have been there at all. The point about my writing is to try to balance the article about Bose, in line with the [Wikipedia:Neutral point of view|NPOV policy]. To round this up; I am not a historian, and neither am I an expert on India or its history. I have however read and experienced enough to have my hair raise when I read statements as this: "Bose himself claimed he could see little difference between the fundamentally oppressive nature of either British imperialism or Axis's fascism despite having lived in Colonial India, democratic Britain and Fascist Germany." Do note that I have not tried to change or delete that paragraph, but I have added one below listing the opposite view, that it INDEED made a differece if it was Axis or Allies that won the war. User:Ulflarsen 09:24, 20 May 2005 (UTC) I have started a poll below. Lets see how that turns out. I think you don't know enough about the British rule in India which is why you think Japanese would have been worse. Also you don't know much about Bose either. I think arguing further is fruitless since my convictions are as strong as yours. User:128.125.20.196 09:58, 20 May 2005 (UTC) :Again, I suggest that you and the others argue the case. I have listed a number of my arguments above. I invite both you and others to challenge them. For example, what do you make of that more than 2 million Indian soldier were fighting the Axis, compared to the 85.000 in INA? Or the Japanese atrocities in China? Or the way Aung San changed from collaborating with the Japanese to supporting the Allied forces? User:Ulflarsen 10:30, 20 May 2005 (UTC) :I think all your arguments have already been refuted several times. User:24.126.17.155 10:50, 20 May 2005 (UTC) :I just want to say that the disputed paragraph is based on several speculation 1. Indians supported British Rule/British War 2. Indians fought against Axis because they were against the Axis powers 3. Subhash Bose is a collaborator because he wanted to get rid of the occupiers of his own homeland. Claim 1 is wrong because history shows almost all Indians were against British rule (several rebellions support this), Claim 2 is wrong because PAID indian soldiers of regular army would have fought the French (or write any other nationality) too if the British superiors wanted them to, and finally claim 3 is wrong because that would have made all nationalist people traitors. Would the Americans call Nathan Hale a traitor? I doubt that, and the same applies to Subhash Bose. --User:Ragib 11:26, 20 May 2005 (UTC) ==Mr. User:Ulflarsen explains and suggests what was best for India and thereby rewrites the history== This space is for alunatic who's ready to re-write the history labelling the good - evil and has been acting blind to the fellow wikipedians' comments.
:I have tried to balance the article about Bose. If you do not agree with me that is just fine, but then you should come forward with your arguments, as I have done myself. User:Ulflarsen 19:00, 19 May 2005 (UTC)
:Nobody cares about what you think. Its what you write here that matters. You hardly have presented any argument here, only a wild speculation which is as good as any other. User:128.125.20.196 08:41, 20 May 2005 (UTC)
::See my comment above. I have presented a list of arguments that you are most welcome to counter, as that is how we can develop a good encyclopedia. The article is in need of improvement and that is what we work towards. User:Ulflarsen 09:27, 20 May 2005 (UTC)
==Poll on user Ulflarsen's views==
*Strongly disagree. User:128.125.20.196 09:45, 20 May 2005 (UTC)
*Disagree. --User:Ragib 10:15, 20 May 2005 (UTC)
*Disagree. User:24.126.17.155 10:43, 20 May 2005 (UTC)
*Strongly disagree. User:Lulu of the Lotus-Eaters 20:05, 2005 May 21 (UTC)
== Stop reverting and start discussing and improving the article ==
I suggest that we stop this reverting and try to improve the article. As listed above I have a number of arguments that has not been commented on. I hope that one can concentrate on the value of the arguments, as that is the basis on which we can develop Wikipedia as a respected encyclopedia. User:Ulflarsen 10:38, 20 May 2005 (UTC)
==A poll is not a good idea, and listing on Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress isn't, either.==
It's quite inappropriate to vote on content. Encyclopedic content and reliability aren't proper subjects for a popularity contest. Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress is not the right place to list editing disagreements either. Please try instead to broaden the discussion by inviting more editors to take part; this you can do by listing the page on Wikipedia:Requests for comments. And please try to keep the discourse civil, I'm sorry to see plenty of personal attacks and name-calling from one side above. Calling other people morons and telling them to go do homework does not help your own cause look good.--User:Bishonen | User talk:Bishonen 10:48, 20 May 2005 (UTC)
===Three revert rule===
Incidentally, please everybody go read Wikipedia:Three revert rule before I'm forced to block somebody.--User:Bishonen | User talk:Bishonen 11:00, 20 May 2005 (UTC)
:I have read the policy and if I have violated it I will keep away from doing any changes. There is however a disagreement over content her not easily solved. I have, as you can see from the discussion above tried to engage in finding some solution and arguing my case. I have mostly been met by rude comments and changes to the content I have added.
:I believe this article is ripe for a third party intervention as there seems to be difficult to reach a middle ground. Hope you can look into it and give further advice and/or possibly involve someone with a balanced view of the issue. User:Ulflarsen 11:09, 20 May 2005 (UTC)
::Sorry, Ulf, I don't have the time or the knowledege of the subject to become involved in the editing myself, although I agree that this editing process needs help. Do please list it on WP:RFC as I suggest above: that page exists for exactly such situations as this. I'm willing to assume that nobody working with this page was previouosly aware of the 3RR, but if anybody continues to revert war now, after my warning, I will block them for 24 hours. If people game the rule by reverting as a team, I will protect the article. Incidentally, the reason I noticed the problems was the inappropriate listing of Ulf Larssen as a vandal at Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress. Please don't throw around the word "vandal" so lightly. It amounts to a Wikipedia:Avoid personal attacks and seems quite unwarranted here.--User:Bishonen | User talk:Bishonen 11:27, 20 May 2005 (UTC)
:::Thanks for the swift feedback. I will try to list it at the RFC page. As I have stated in the discussion above I am an amateur in this issue - but have tried to find data showing that Bose's alignment with the Axis powers was troublesome, especially so for ordinary Indians. Last but not least, I will not make any more edits of this page as I believe someone with more knowledge and a balanced view should take the task to clean in up. User:Ulflarsen
::::While I have not been a party to any reverts, I would like to point out that the issues raised by Ulflarsen has been discussed, and I have presented my rebuttal of his 3 claims above in this talk page. However, most of the time, Ulflarsen has unilaterally reverted with the edit summary like "points still not disproved, so reverting article" (not exact, but close to that). I do believe in discussion, but I think Ulflarsen's continuous reverting and insistence on adding speculative materials have added to this conflict. It is ok for him to have any views, but I think many of his arguments have correctly refuted in the discussion, and the insistence on them further on is inappropriate. Of course, listing Ulflarsen in the Vandalism page was totally wrong and so was the personal attacks against him. I just hope this issue would be resolved pretty soon through discussion. --User:Ragib 11:36, 20 May 2005 (UTC)
:::I have seen your comments in-between mine now, good if you place them after the article. Regarding Indian soldier; the numbers is from the Indian Army official site. If Bose were that celebrated, and the British fight of the Axis despised, one would assume that the Government of India made sure its army website reflected that. It does not. It says: "The Indian Army by the end of the War was thus rated as among the best in the world whose Officers and men displayed the highest levels of motivation and gallantry on the field of battle." The way I read that statement is that the Indian Army and thus the Indian government, and the Indian people - at large, is very proud of the hard fight and the victory against the British, and rightful so.
:::You write: "I am surprised at this line of reasoning. Why on earth do you consider that "Again, India as a colony was much better off under the British than they would have been under the Japanese. "??? Isn't that a little bit too much of Anglo-worship? How can you be sure the British were a lot better than whatever the JApanese would have done? Wasn't Britain's fortune made through exploitation of India? Anyway, history is written by the victors, and thus favors victors with unlimited virtues."
:::I have showed, with numbers, that India indeed was better off under the British than under the Japanese, for the time we talk about (the war years). Again, it does not mean I support British colonialism - I do not. They should not have been there at all. You have not proved me wrong, and not looked into Japanese atrocities in occupied areas. This is vital to the article about Bose as it says that Bose could not see any difference between Axis and Allied forces. Most people could (especially those living under both) and luckily India did not got the experience of an Japanese occupation. About history written about victors - it is true, but with democracy one can always get a wider and more open view. Consder the Bengal famine of 1943, if that had been under Japanese or German occupation, it would probably have been unknown today.
:::The central question is: Was the war irrelevant for India - or was it important who that in the end would win?. Bose and most of the article takes the first view, but for a balanced article to be written the opposite view also needs to be presented. User:Ulflarsen
==Facts of Subash Chandra Bose==
I was shocked to read this talk page . I never knew people were so ignorant about Subash .
Some facts -
*Adolf Hitler contacted Subash and asked him if he was willing to join hands with him to fight against the British . Subash quickly put down the offer because he knew that Hitler saw his own interest rather than that of the Indians . Hitler wanted INA to help aid Axis powers in uprooting British from India , its most valuable colony and chief financer during the war .Subash knew that once British were defeated in India ,Hitler would try to take over it and make India finance his campaign .He was smart to detect that .
*The only reason why Subash opposed British campaign during the war :
On one hand britain was fighting for independence of European nations under Nazi control ,but at the same time it was not granting India independence .This was being hipocritic .
''Subash wanted to take the advantage of WW2 in creating pressure on Britain to grant india freedom since Britain wouldn't have the resources to foil any independence movement in India as their army was involved in operations in Europe ''. '''''That doesn't mean Subash was pro-axis'''''.
* Regarding Subash's collaboration with Japan - As everybody knows , Subash formed ''Azad Hind Fauz (INA)'' with the help of Indian forces under Japanese control. Japanese decided to support the army financially and politically . ''He never asked for their help but Japanese knew it was in their interest to do so . ''
When the Japanese forces attacked North Eastern states of India through Burma, he realised Japanese intensions and ordered INA not collobarate with them . INA was ordered to attack British India instead from Bhutan and Chinese front . It was during this time that his plane crashed and he died . Leaderless INA got disbanded ,the main reason for their defeat .
* Finally , if Subash was pro-Nazi , British rule would have ended in India during WW2 itself . With the Japanese so close to British India , INA could have easily collabarated w/ them and defeated the British . The fact that it didnt proves how much pro-Nazi or pro-Axis Subash really was .This is what I've read in my History Text Books .challenging this is challenging Indian History .We Indians know what exact events took place during our freedom struggle and need not know about it from Europeans .To end , please just don't write anything which comes in your mind . --User:Guptadeepak 12:35, May 20, 2005 (UTC)
:I suggest you start with reading what the Indian Army says on its homepage about its history during WW2: http://indianarmy.nic.in/arhist.htm - it says a lot about its heroic fight against Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan, and as far as I can see nothing about Bose. User:Ulflarsen
:* First of all ,Army of India was a part of British Army . Secondly , INA's main motive was to wage a war against Army of India and not against the Nazi's or Axis Powers . They had no enemity with the Axis . Instead the Axis powers had helped it .Thirdly , just bec INA didnt fight against the Axis or Japan rather , you cant call it a pro-Axis . Fourthly , INA was never a part of the Indian Army , so why should the site mention about it . INA was an independent organisation and banned in India during 1945 by the ''British Indian Govt.''(i'm not sure about the year .)Fifhtly , Indian National Congress had objections regarding Army of India's (and not Indian Army bec the latter refers to post independence army ) involvement during WW2 . Acc. to you , in that case ,even they should be called traitors . --User:Guptadeepak 13:24, May 20, 2005 (UTC)
:::I dont think you get my point. That homepage is the official website of the current Indian Army, and thus reflects official Indian policy on the matter. It says nothing about Bose, but a lot of the more than 2 million Indians that fought with the Allied forces. If the Indian government today had any favourable view of Bose that should be reflected on those pages. It is not.
:::As I wrote earlier: "The central question is: Was the war irrelevant for India - or was it important who that in the end would win?. Bose and most of the article takes the first view, but for a balanced article to be written the opposite view also needs to be presented." The current article about Bose mostly takes the view that whoever won the war (the Axis or the Allies) it had no relevance for India. I believe that is wrong, not only wrong in the sense of a Europeans view of it, but wrong in the way that it would have costed tens of millions of Indian lives. I have tried to show this with comparing India under the British with China under the Japanese. This is very much what the discussion is about. If you or anyone can show that it would not matter much if the Japanese occupied India then Bose's collaboration with the Imperial Japanse Army would have been just fine for ordinary Indians, but I find that hard to prove. User:Ulflarsen
::::*As I had said , Indian National Army had nothing to do with the Govt. of India and the Indian Army . It was an INDEPENDENT organisation . Then , Why should the Indian Army mention about its operations .
::::The very fact that people of India call Subash as Netaji and that Subash's potrait is present in the Indian Parliament shows the favourable view pt. Indians have towards him . Even if there is a section of Indian Parliamentarians who have unfavourable views for Subash ,its only bec. he was against the ideology of Indian National Congress , India's present ruling party .( now called as Congress Party ) .
::::Regarding the question you raised - Subash ofcourse realised that India was better under the British than Japanese and he commanded INA not to collaborate with them .Many beleive that Subash died bec of the plane crash enroute Taiwan , possibily to discuss the matter w/ the Japanese there . Fighting was already on between the Army of India and Japan in Burma . But as soon as Japan reached Indian borders ,it lost the Battle of Midway forcing it to withdraw its troops from N.E. India to reinforce troops in Pacific . So the entire Japanese matter is of no significance .
::::Had Subash lived on for another year or so , had the japanese won the battle of midway and finally had the INA collaborated with the japanese under Subash's orders, the topic was worth discussing .--User:Guptadeepak 14:26, May 20, 2005 (UTC)
::::I agree with Ulflarsen that the article should represent both views , but at the same time , Inida is thousands of kilometers away from Europe and Pacific rim . Indians didnt know what exactly was going on . For them the main priority was independence . When the axis made an offer to indian freedom fighters in their struggle , it was something which they couldnt have ignored. Put yrself in that scenario . Hence the Q. is of no relevance ,because Indians were not aware of the main intensions of the Nazis . Even the European Allies were suprised by the campaign carried out by Hitler initially (particularly Poland ,France and the Dutch) .Hence for Indians of 1940's the war was of no significance as they knew nothing about it. --User:Guptadeepak 08:18, May 21, 2005 (UTC)
:::::That most ordinary Indians did not know I can agree on, but the more important it was that their leaders acted responsibly. Here it seems that Bose and Gandhi parted. Even though not supporting the Allies fight Gandhi at least not seems to have openly aligned himself with the Axis the way Bose did. And regarding the question about the Axis "real nature", it seems that Bose started to realize that Nazi Germany used him. That makes it even stranger and worse, in my view, that he then went on to the work with the Japanese.
:::::And then having worked with the Japanese he must have seen their way - like Aung San did. As far as I can see here on this page, no one has commented on him. He was not a european, he was dead against the British and wanted freedom for his people, and he created an army to fight the British, but then... He saw the character of the Japanese Imperialism and made the conclusion that his country would be better off beating the Japanese. How come no one comment on this? Is it because it does not "fit" into the picture? Or is my reasoning dead wrong?
:::::Once again "IncMan" - I am not out to defend the British, they should have not been in India at all. But the page as it is mostly covers the fact that this was just not "another war" - but a war that made a difference, a HUGE one. And I am not out to deny people to treat Bose as a hero, but as we try to make an encyclopedia we need to show the relevant facts here, and the article seems to be lacking in that respect. User:Ulflarsen 19:35, 21 May 2005 (UTC)
:* Let me make it clear , Bose was never ever a pro-nazi or pro-axis . All people are trying to do is speculate . The only reason for his association with the Japanese was getting the soldiers of the Army of India freed from Japanese captivity . Thats it . Britain had deployed Indian troops in Singapore to defend the state . When it was captured by Japan , approx. 90,000 Indian troops were taken as POWs whom Bose had freed under an agreement with Imperial Japan . However, INA was never a part of any Japanese operation , be it in Burma or in N.E. India itself .
: I'm not here to discuss whether British rule in India was justified or not . I don't have much knowledge about Aung San and it is not required also w.r.t. this article . To be frank , INA had not achieved anything because even before it could get into some real action , Bose had died . What was really on in Bose's mind nobody knows ,Firstly because he wasn't carrying out his movement from India and was hence not in much contact with anyother prominent pro-freedom leader in India . Secondly , he never wanted outsiders to know about his plans even if they were freedom fighters . Bose's death came at the most unfortunate time . He was at the brink of executing his plans but it never happened . All what remains now is speculation . But to say that ''Bose worked with the Japanese '' is wrong . He knew that he needed men in his war, and there was no better way of accumalating such a large force. Once again, this doesn't mean that Bose had any favourable views towards the Japanese. He just saw interest of his campaign. Had Bose militarily or even morally supported the Japanese campaign, the ''speculation'' was worth discussing. There is no evidence that, Bose favoured the Axis.
: The British and the French had appeased the Nazis initially. Were they acting responsibly. The British and the French wanted to use the Nazis as a force against Communalism. Even they had seen their own interest. They were very well aware of Nazis intentions years before their rise. If they wanted, Nazis would have never come to power in Germany. I can't see their mention on this talk page. --User:Guptadeepak 21:38, May 21, 2005 (UTC)
== An outsider's view ==
I stumbled across this page more-or-less accidentally. Moreover, I have no particular knowledge or expertise on Bose, and only an educated layperson's historical knowledge of India's independence movement generally. So I'm not arguing "the facts" here.
However, the article and the talk page were interesting to look through. And doing that, I feel strongly that Ulflarsen's agenda here is just plain nutty. The article certainly does not seem to have any valid NPOV dispute. Sure, maybe a some sentences could be improved, but overall it is reasonably NPOV.
Ulflarsen seems to pin his whole POV allegation on a wildly speculative theory about how historical events might have turned out differently, had certain things happened. Roughly: If the Axis had won the war, then Japan would have established imperial control of India, and would have treated Indians even worse than the British had. And continuing Ulflarsen's reasoning: therefore, Bose was wrong in his political decisions, working against India's interest, etc. (and the article should say so).
:Equivalently, as an argument can be made that a consensus of historians would claim that Japanese imperial control was more oppressive than British control, not a word or an implication should exist suggesting Bose was right in his political decisions. The moment it does, the article loses NPOV. User:Hornplease 04:09, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
As much as there ''is'' any truth or falsity to historical counterfactuals, Ulflarsen could well be right. Or maybe not. Maybe a victorious Japan that was nonetheless weakened by the war losses would have also granted Indian independence. Maybe the Indian independence movement would have defeated a new imperial power that lacked a local bureaucratic infrastructure. Maybe Japan would have been an imperial controller of India, but not ''quite'' as bad as Britian had been.
All of this might well make a good subject for a speculative novel. But it is not a matter of known (or knowable) facts. And the various sins and brutalities of Imperial Japan are not the subject of ''this'' article (but they certainly can be discussed in other more relevant articles).
:I agree to the extent that a bald statement that 'Bose thought that collabaration with the Germans, and, subsequently, the Japanese, was preferable to continued British administration of India' is NPOV. Anything suggesting that this point of view was even slightly correct, or that Bose was not severely biased - or uninformed - in thinking so, would become seriously POV. I think the facts, in this case, speak for themselves, but any evaluation of Bose's thinking underlying his decision will descend into this sort of chaos. User:Hornplease 04:09, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
It ''would'' be worth including in the Bose article some actual factual source that showed notable opinions that Bose made wrong decisions. For example, if contemporaries of Bose can be quoted expressing political disagreement to Bose's efforts (based on the alliances Bose formed, specifically), that would be worth mentioning. Or even if Bose can be quoted expressing opinions that seem to misunderstand the nature of Nazism or of Japan, OK, provide the quotes. But all that doesn't make the article POV, just improvable (assuming such quotes actually exist—I do not know whether they do). User:Lulu of the Lotus-Eaters 20:22, 2005 May 21 (UTC)
:I am a layperson too. Two questions though that I find puzzling and seems to contradict the article as it is today:
*What about more than 2 million Indians in the Indian Army fighting the Japanese? Bose, with his 85,000 men were actually fighting his countrymen. These figures, as I have shown above, is from the [http://indianarmy.nic.in/arhist.htm Indian Army's own official website].
::Huh?! What about them? Apparently Bose disagreed (perhaps only tactically) with those 2 million Indians. Perhaps those 2M were drafted. I didn't see anything in this article that contradicted the above fact, but I also don't see how it is relevant to ''this'' article.
:::There was no draft for the Indian Army during the Second World War. User:Hornplease 04:09, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
*What about the way Aung San, a strong advocate of Burmese liberation from the British changed his views on the Japanese, from collaborating with them in the same manner as Bose did, to change to fight them? User:Ulflarsen 21:32, 21 May 2005 (UTC)
::Um... so what?! Aung San's shifting alliance sounds worth including in the article on Aung San, but it's hard to see what it has to do with the one on Bose. A WP article isn't a special honor reserved for people we the editors agree with wholeheartedly. The article should tell us who Bose was and what he did, not spoon-feed us moral judgements about his moral qualities and judgemental savvy (neither pro- nor con-). User:Lulu of the Lotus-Eaters 22:35, 2005 May 21 (UTC)
::: I think a comparison of two nationalist leaders in similar circumstances is not as irrelevant as you suggest,as well as being value-neutral if written carefully. User:Hornplease 04:09, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
:: * Bose had never favoured Axis ideology, forget making a pro-nazi statement. Then how can you include one in the article? The fact remains that there is no evidence of Bose being pro-Axis. --User:Guptadeepak 21:46, May 21, 2005 (UTC)
:::If that's a reference to my comment: I meant it in the hypothetical. ''If'' he had said something, quote it; but contra Ulflarsen, don't speculate on what Bose allegedly implicitly thought. I'm not saying Bose ''did'' favor Axis ideology (in fact, it seems extremely unlikely), just saying that any such mention must be factual, not speculative. User:Lulu of the Lotus-Eaters 22:35, 2005 May 21 (UTC)
:: And regarding bose's operation against his own countrymen : There were Germans who were fighting against the Nazis in WW2. --User:Guptadeepak 22:09, May 21, 2005 (UTC)
==About contributing to the "Poll on user Ulflarsen's views"==
User:Lulu of the Lotus-Eaters, while I'm certainly not trying to discourage anybody from contributing in the way they prefer, did you notice my earlier post "A poll is not a good idea, and listing on Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress isn't, either"? (I do appreciate that missing posts on this long talk page is becoming pretty much inevitable.) It's contrary to wikipedia policy to vote on content, for many good reasons.--User:Bishonen | User talk:Bishonen 11:32, 22 May 2005 (UTC)
:On the other hand, it is better to come to a consensus. Look at the discussion. User Ulflarsen's views are not necessarily supported by most people, and also his arguments have been refuted. Therefore, just appeasing a particular user's particular speculative views is not a good idea too. There is no harm if Ulflarsen sticks to facts, but the continuous promotion of speculation is really unfortunate. Why speculate in the first place? Many things could have happened if the world war 2 went the other way, but we don't know them. We can't be sure of a thing that has NOT happened. So, Ulflarsen's continuous speculation and guesses should not be a part of the article. I again ask Ulflarsen to stick to hard facts, and not speculate and judge from a so-called-neutral view, which is more like looking into a crystal ball and imagining how things could have happened. That's not the way to write an encyclopedia. Never should be. Thanks. --User:Ragib 11:40, 22 May 2005 (UTC)
::Ragib, are you replying to me..? I meant to address the issue of voting only, not of which views are to prevail. Consensus-building is pretty much the opposite of polling and voting. Wikipedia:Consensus is indeed the ideal, thank you for pointing it out! --User:Bishonen | User talk:Bishonen 13:46, 22 May 2005 (UTC)
:I'm not sure I agree with your comment that "a poll is not a good idea." I'm not sure I ''disagree'' either, mind you. I ''did'' see your comment when I read through this long discussion page, but it did not necessarily seem to represent consensus of the editors here (if nothing else, those who expressed a poll opinion presumably feel differently).
:I entirely agree that "voting on content" is a really bad idea. But I did not perceive the poll that way. Rather, I felt the poll looked like a way of making Ulflarsen quantitatively aware that he lacked support for the idea an article required inclusion of his historical counterfactual speculation. In any case, my longer comment on Ulflarsen's views is more illustrative of my take on things than is my one line "disagree". User:Lulu of the Lotus-Eaters 17:39, 2005 May 22 (UTC)
===Towards a compromise===
Hi, I have been requested to help informally mediate this dispute, though due to a pressing scheduale, I may not be the only one, and while I'm scarcely familliar with the material, I'll try to devote to this as much time as I can. I am hopeful we can move this dispute along towards a compromise and a stable resolution. I am concerned that this article is being overly sympathetic to Bose, that it tends to editorialize — that said, I find the compeeting version and some of juxtapositions it makes also problematic. In both cases, most of all I'm concerned about speculative and counter-factual arguments that editors here seem to draw, largely from insufficiently attributed sources. As well, the grammatical and logical coherence and cohesiveness (I'm sure, in part, a product of the edit war) are certainly in need of improvement. Overall, far from an insurmountable feat so long as a clear inter-editorial collaborative direction and standards are consistently adhered to by all parties involved.
So, with this preamble behind us, I want to touch on a not an arbitrary (though far from an isolated) example:
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
Words begining with Subhash_Chandra_Bose:
Subhash_Chandra_Bose
Subhash_Chandra_Bose
Subhash Chandra Bose
Subhash Chandra Bose (January 23, 1897–August 18, 1945) also known as Netaji, was a prominent leader of the Indian independence movement against British Raj. Bose helped to organize and later led the Indian National Army, put together with Indian prisoner-of-war and plantation workers from Singapore and other parts of Southeast Asia. ''"Give me blood and I shall give you freedom"'' was one of the most popular statements made by him, whereby he urges the people of India to join him in his freedom movement. == Early life == Subhash Chandra Bose was born to an affluent Bengal family in Cuttack, Orissa. His father, Janakinath Bose, was a public prosecutor who believed in orthodox nationalism and later became a member of the Bengal Legislative Council. With eight brothers and six sisters, Bose's family was large, but disciplined. He loved to read and was fascinated with religion, discipline, and self-control. As a youth, he did social service and after reading Vivekananda's writings, "selfless service" became the motto guiding his life. Recognizing his son's intellect, Bose's father was determined that Bose should become a high-ranking Civil service. He attended the Protestant European School and the Ravenshaw Collegiate School in Cuttack and later graduated with honours from the Scottish Church College, Calcutta. He was placed second in his university examinations and participated as a member of the India Defence Corps, then a newly-formed military training unit at the University of Calcutta. Afterwards he travelled to England and attended Fitzwilliam Hall at the University of Cambridge. In 1920, Bose took the Indian Civil Service entrance examination and was ranked second. However, he resigned from the prestigious Indian Civil Service in April 1921 despite his high ranking in the merit list, and went ahead to join the freedom movement. After returning to India, he joined the Indian National Congress and was particularly active in its youth wing. Bose's ideas did not match with that of Mahatma Gandhi belief in non-violence. So he returned to Kolkata to work under Chittaranjan Das, the Bengali freedom fighter and co-founder (with Motilal Nehru) of the Swarajya (Self Rule) Party. In 1921, Bose organised a boycott of the celebrations to mark the Prince of Wales' visit to India. This led to his being imprisoned. In April 1924, Bose was elected the Chief Executive Officer of the newly constituted Calcutta Corporation. Later, in October that year, Bose was arrested as a suspected terrorist. First, he was in Alipore jail and later he was exiled to Mandalay in Burma. In June 1925, Bose was deeply struck by the sudden loss of his mentor Chittaranjan Das. At the end of 1926 he was nominated in absentia, as a candidate for the Bengal Legislative Assembly. On May 16 1927 he was released from jail due to ill-health. The two years in Mandalay increased his confidence and strength. By December 1927, Bose with Jawaharlal Nehru became the the General Secretary of the Indian National Congress. On January 23 1930, Bose was once again arrested for leading an "Independence" procession. After being released from jail on September 25, he was elected as the Mayor of the City of Calcutta. He was incarcerated eleven times by the British over a span of twenty years, either in India or in Rangoon. He spent many years in various capacities as the Chief Executive Officer of the Calcutta Municipal Corporation (where Chittaranjan Das had previously been Mayor), and later as Mayor himself. With Jawaharlal Nehru he was one of the radical Left wing leaders of the Congress Party. He was exiled from India, during the mid 1930s to Europe, where he stated India's cause for self-rule before gatherings and conferences (like the Second Communist International). After his father's death the British authorities allowed him to land at Calcutta's airport only for the religious rites, which would be followed by his swift departure. During this time he traveled extensively in India and in Europe before stating his political opposition to Gandhi. He became the president of the Haripura Indian National Congress in 1938, against Gandhi's wishes. He was elected for a second term in 1939 in Tripura Congress Session; Gandhi had supported Pattabhi Sitaramayya and commented "Pattavi's defeat is my defeat" after learning the election results. Although Bose won the election, Gandhi's continued opposition led to the resignation of the Working Committee. In the face of this gesture of no-confidence Bose himself resigned. Bose then formed an independent party, the All India Forward Bloc. == Actions during the Second World War == Bose advocated the approach that the political instability at war-time Britain should be taken advantage of—rather than simply wait for the British to grant political "Home Rule" after the end of the war (which was the view of Gandhi, Nehru and a section of the Congress leadership) at the time. In this he was influenced by the examples of Italian statesmen Giuseppe Garibaldi and Giuseppe Mazzini. During his stay in Europe from 1933 to 1936, he met several European leaders and thinkers, including Benito Mussolini, Eduard Benes, Karl Seitz, Eamon De Valera, Romain Rolland, and Alfred Rosenberg. He came to believe that India could achieve political freedom only if it had political, military and diplomatic support from outside and that an independent nation necessitated the creation of a national army. His correspondence reveals that despite his sheer dislike for British subjugation, he was deeply impressed by their methodical and systematic approach and their steadfastedly disciplinarian outlook towards life. In England, he exchanged ideas with British Labour Party leaders and political thinkers on the future of India. He came to accept the view that a free India needed Socialist authoritarianism, on the lines of Turkey's Kemal Ataturk for at least two decades. [[Image:Aifbnetajimalayalam.JPG|thumb|align="right"|Netaji poster in Thiruvananthapuram]] === In Germany === At the start of World War II, Bose escaped his incarceration at home by taking the guise of a Pathan insurance agent ("Ziaudddin") to Afghanistan and from there to Moscow with the passport of an Italian nobleman "Count Orlando Mazzotta". From Moscow he reached Rome and from there he traveled to Germany where he instituted the Special Bureau for India under Adam von Trott zu Solz, broadcasting on the German-sponsored Azad Hind Radio. He founded the Free India Centre in Berlin and created the Indian Legion (consisting of some 4500 soldiers) out of Indian prisoners of war who had previously fought for the British in North Africa, but had capitulated to Erwin Rommel's Afrika Korps. The Azad Hind legion was attached to the Waffen SS, and they swore their allegiance to Hitler and Bose for the independence of India. Bose was deeply dissapointed with Hitler when the Germans invaded the Soviet Union and decided to leave Nazi Germany. Besides, Hitler had shown little interest for the cause of Indian independence. He travelled by submarine around the Cape of Good Hope to Imperial Japan, which helped him to raise his army in Singapore. This was the only civilian-transfer across two different submarines of two different navies in World War II. === In Japan === The Indian National Army (INA) consisted of some 85,000 regular troops, a separate women's army unit named after Rani Lakshmi Bai (in a regular army, the women's army unit was the first of its kind in Asia), who gave her life in the Sepoy Mutiny in 1857. These were under the aegis of a provisional government, with its own currency, court and civil code, named the "Provisional Government of Free India" (or the Arzi Hukumate Azad Hind) and recognised by nine Axis states: Germany, Japan, Italy, Croatia, Nationalist China, Siam, Burma, Manchukuo and the Philippines. This government had participated as a delegate or observer in the so-called Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. En route to India, some of Bose's troops assisted in the Japanese victory over the British in the battles of Arakan and Meiktila, along with the Burmese National Army led by Ba Maw and Aung San. The Provisional Government and the INA were established in the Andaman Islands and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal, part of the British Indian Empire. On Indian mainland, the Indian Tricolor was raised for the first time in the town in Moirang, in Manipur, in northeastern India. The other towns of Kohima and Imphal, were placed under siege by divisions of the Japanese, the Burmese and the Gandhi and Nehru Brigades of I.N.A.. At the time of the Great Bengal Famine of 1943, during which millions died of starvation, Bose had offered (through radio) Burmese rice to the victims of the famine. The British authorities in India (and in the UK) refused the offer. When the Japanese were defeated at the Battle of Kohima and Battle of Imphal, the Provisional Government's aim of establishing a base in mainland India was lost forever and the INA was forced to pull-back along with the defeated Japanese Imperial Army. Japan's surrender after the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki also led to the eventual surrender of the Indian National Army. == Political views == Even though Bose and Gandhi had differing ideologies, the latter called Bose the ''"Patriot of Patriots"'' (Bose had called Gandhi "Father of the Nation"). He has been given belated recognition in India, and especially in West Bengal; Calcutta's civil airport and a university have been named after him. Many of the symbols of the Bose's provisional government, which were also associated with the Congress, have been adopted in independent India: Rabindranath Tagore's "Jana Gana Mana", which was the national song of the Provisional Government of Azad Hind is independent India's National Anthem, and the tricolour as India's national flag. His alliance with the Axis continues to be controversial; many in India consider him a hero for his forceful stance against oppressive British imperialism. In working with the Japanese he was however fighting his own countrymen, who defended India within the unpoliticised volunteer British Indian Army against the Japanese invasion. At the time of the start of the Second World War, great divisions existed in the Indian independence movement about whether to exploit the weakness of the British to achieve independence. Some felt that any distinctions between the political allegiances and ideologies of the warring factions of Europe were inconsequential in the face of the possibility of Indian independence, and that it was hypocritical of the British to condemn pro-democracy Indians for allying themselves with anti-democratic Axis forces when the British themselves showed so little respect for democracy or democratic reforms in India. Others felt that it was inappropriate to seek concessions when Britain itself was in peril, and found their distaste for Nazi Germany outweighed their concerns about Independence. Bose, in particular, was accused of 'collaborating' with the Axis; he counter-attacked the allegation criticising the British campaign during World War-II, saying that while Britain was fighting for the freedom of the European nations under Nazi control, it did not grant its own colonies, including India their rightful independence. It may be observed that along with Nehru, Bose had organized and led protest marches against the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931, and of China itself in 1938, when he was Congress president. During that period, Chinese leader Chiang Kai Shek was feted in India and medical aid and food supplies were sent to Chinese areas which suffered the worst brunt of Japanese imperialism. That he eventually abandoned his political stance (which initially was that of Gandhi and Nehru) reflects his deep discontent with the nature of the British rule, and a growing belief that the formation of an Indian free state was nowhere on the British political roadmap. At the Tripura Congress session, he made his views quite explicit: Britain had forced a war on India, without bothering to consult Indians. It is interesting to note that Bose's earlier correspondences (prior to 1939) reflect his deep disapproval of the racist practices of and annulment of democratic institutions in Nazi Germany. Though Bose did ally himself with the Axis powers, there is little to suggest he shared any of their doctrines of racial superiority; instead it appears he was motivated to join them largely out of political pragmatism. == Re-evaluation of Netaji == [[Image:Netajimuralkolkata.JPG|thumb|right|Netaji mural in Kolkata]] The INA is fondly remembered by some Japanese and Indian historians who see Japanese efforts to support Bose as supporting the view that it was fighting a war on behalf of the oppressed peoples of Asia, in addition, the INA is seen by some as an organisation devoid of the divisive energies of parochialism that have since plagued India. Gandhi called Bose the "Patriot of Patriots" (Bose had called Gandhi "Father of the Nation"). Bose's portrait is also hung in the Indian Parliament and a statue has been erected in front of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly. Bose was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award in 1992, but it was later withdrawn in response to a Supreme Court of India directive following a Public Interest Litigation filed in the Court against the "posthumous" nature of the award. The Award Committee could not give conclusive evidence of Bose's death and thus it invalidated the "posthumous" award. == Death == Bose is supposed to have died in a plane crash over Taiwan while flying to Tokyo. However, his body was never recovered, and conspiracy theories concerning his possible survival abound. One such claims that Bose actually died in Siberia, while in Soviet Union captivity. Mr. Harin Shah, an Indian journalist, visited Taipei and was shown a plane crash site (supposedly of Bose's plane). Photos can be found at [http://www.hindustantimes.com/news/specials/Netaji/photogallerycrash.htm] However, the Taiwan Government told an Indian journalist investigating into Bose's death that Bose could not have died in a plane crash in the country, stating that there "were no plane crashes at Taipei between 14 August and 20 September 1945." [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4236189.stm] Despite this testimony three separate Indian government investigations have concluded that Bose died in the plane crash, although a fourth one-man board convened in 1999, the Mukherjee Commission, will not issue its conclusions until 14 May 2005. ==In media== *In May 2005, ''Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose: The Forgotten Hero'', was released. It was directed by Shyam Benegal. ==See also== * Emilie Schenkl * Mahatma Gandhi * Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology * Netaji Subhas Open University * Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport == Reading List == * Brothers Against the Raj --- A biography of Indian Nationalists Sarat and Subhas Chandra Bose / Leonard A. Gordon, Princeton University Press, 1990 * Lost hero : a biography of Subhas Bose / Mihir Bose, Quartet Books, London ; 1982 * Democracy Indian style : Subhas Chandra Bose and the creation of India's political culture / Anton Pelinka ; translated by Renée Schell, New Brunswick, NJ : Transaction Publishers (Rutgers University Press), 2003 * Subhas Chandra Bose : a biography / Marshall J. Getz, Jefferson, N.C. : McFarland & Co., USA, 2002 * Netaji and India's freedom : proceedings of the International Netaji Seminar, 1973 / edited by Sisir K. Bose. International Netaji Seminar (1973 : Calcutta, India), Netaji Research Bureau, Calcutta, India, 1973 * Indian Pilgrim : an unfinished autobiography / Subhas Chandra Bose ; edited by Sisir Kumar Bose and Sugata Bose, Oxford University Press, Calcutta, 1997 * Indian Struggle, 1920-1942 / Subhas Chandra Bose ; edited by Sisir Kumar Bose and Sugata Bose, Oxford University Press, Calcutta, 1997 * Correspondence and Selected Documents, 1930-1942 / Subhas Chandra Bose ; edited by Ravindra Kumar, Inter-India, New Delhi, 1992. * Letters to Emilie Schenkl, 1934-1942 / Subhash Chandra Bose; edited by Sisir Kumar Bose and Sugata Bose, Permanent Black : New Delhi, 2004 * Japanese-trained armies in Southeast Asia : independence and volunteer forces in World War II / Joyce C. Lebra, New York : Columbia University Press, 1977 * Jungle alliance, Japan and the Indian National Army / Joyce C. Lebra, Singapore, Donald Moore for Asia Pacific Press,1971 * The Forgotten Army : India's Armed Struggle for Independence / Peter Ward Fay, Calcutta: Rupa & Co., 1994 ==External links== * [http://netaji.netfirms.com/index.htm Website on Subhash Chandra Bose] * [http://banglapedia.search.com.bd/HT/B_0596.HTM From Banglapedia] * [http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/itihas/bose.htm Article on Bose] * [http://www.netaji.org Website on Netaji] * [http://www.yorozubp.com/netaji/ Speeches of Netaji] * [http://sify.com/itihaas/fullstory.php?id=13401417 More information on Netaji] * [http://indianarmy.nic.in/arhist.htm Indian Army official website history] * [http://www.s-asian.cam.ac.uk/govt.html Centre of South Asian Studies, University of Cambridge] * [http://www.wisc.edu/southasiaoutreach/lessons/figures/bose.html Centre of South Asian Studies, University of Wisconsin] * [http://bengalonline.sitemarvel.com/netaji1.html Another source-1] * [http://bengalonline.sitemarvel.com/netaji2.html Another source-2] * [http://www.sholay.com/personalities/subhas.htm Important Dates] * [http://www.vandemataram.com/biographies/patriots/subhashbose.htm Brief biography] * [http://www.lokpriya.com/personalities/political/past/subhas.html Indian political personalities] * [http://www.tamilnation.org/ideology/bose.htm Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose & India's Independence] * [http://www.swordoftruth.com/swordoftruth/archives/byauthor/shamolimitra/tmbnd.html Mystery behind Netaji's Disappearance - 1] * [http://www.hindustantimes.com/news/specials/Netaji/netajihomepage.shtml Mystery behind Netaji's Disappearance - 2] * [http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010819/spectrum/main1.htm Mystery behind Netaji's Disappearance - 3] * [http://www.tuhl.freeserve.co.uk/tuhl_azad_hind.htm Free Indian Legion] * [http://www.hindustantimes.com/news/specials/Netaji/images/doctor.gif A rare image of a Doctor's report for permission to cremate Netaji's body.] kn:ನೇತಾಜಿ ಸುಭಾಷ್ ಚಂದ್ರ ಬೋಸ್ Indian freedom fighters Indian history People of Kolkata 1897 births 1945 deaths World War II political leaders
Subhash Chandra Bose
IMHO, this is an inaccurate description of Subhash Chandra Bose. He was neither a coward nor a refugee to flee to Germany, for his life. He fought with the British, he struggled for his cause within Indian National Congress, formed Indian National Army. during that course of action, he met with Italians and Germans as well as Bolsheviks. His real intention was to bring an armed struggle against British imerial forces as opposed to pacifist approach of Mohandas Gandhi. I will try to put my 02 cents here, but forgive me for my (very) limited history knowledge. :user:Sudhir Krishnan I reverted an attempt to replace the article with copyright material. A reference to the article is in Extermal Links. User:DJ Clayworth 17:27, 27 Nov 2003 (UTC) I would like to see it made explicit why Bose travelled to Germany. I presume, from the context, that it was to secure German support for Indian Nationalism and to promise the support of his followers for the German War effort in return for that support. Is that the case? Also, what is the unit's "heroism"? There is no mention in Indian National Army of heroic actions. Just being a successful fighting unit does not make them more heroes than the British or Japanese units. User:DJ Clayworth 15:49, 8 Jul 2004 (UTC) In what way would be it incorrect or biased to state that India was "cruelly oppressed"? What about the Jallianwallah Bagh massacre or the way the colonial authorities let millions starve in the Bengal famine? Perhaps they don't teach that in US/UK schools? --User:Soman 22:02, 18 Jul 2004 (UTC) :I'm not saying it wasn't. I think it was. But it is a matter of opinion, and we follow a policy of Wikipedia:NPOV. User:Everyking 00:05, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC) Reasons for putting NPOV. While Germany, Italy, Siam and Japan were internationally recognized states, the same cannot be said for the others on the list. Croatia was recognized only by the member states of the Axis, as was Manchukuo {puppet of Japan}, the puppet Chinese government {also of Japan}, the Philippines {who went from a puppet of the United States to direct rule under Japan, then back to being a puppet state} and Burma {which was run basically as a Japanese colony until the creation of a puppet state there in 1943}. If someone wishes to remove it... --User:Hikaru79 4:58 August 27th, 2004 {UTC} Dear 'disputers': You won't change a couple of facts, even if you don't like them. Today, at least in Bharat, Netaji is the most popular politician in Indian history. Croatia is by now an independant state, recognized by all other nations in the world, even by Serbia. And so will be Manchukuo again, as soon as the so-called 'PR of China' will break down, as the Soviet Union did. And I am sure that I shall see it in my days. Impassioned rhetoric aside, some of the disputes are legitimate. Croatia may be an independent state now, but it was not when it recognized the Free India government. Hence the dispute about the validity of including the recognition of a regime that wasn't recognized itself by any country other than its ruler. For more information, see Ustashe. ==Important people met by Bose== Is this section really necessary? User:Utcursch 10:11, Dec 15, 2004 (UTC) : I don't think so. It's pretty frivilous. User:Alren 16:48, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC) == Mukherjee Commission == Something ought to be written about it, see http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/984440.cms --User:Soman 11:01, 8 Jan 2005 (UTC) == rumors of a daughter in germany? == I read an article a long time ago that bose had a daughter with a german woman. Is it true? == Traitor? == The NPOV-tag is ridulous. Who sees Bose as a traitor? (In India that is, he could hardly be accused of having betrayed any other country, say United Kingdom). --User:Soman 19:29, 10 May 2005 (UTC) :From a european and an allied view Bose is certainly a traitor. For some in India he is a hero, but I guess not all, as there was a significant number of Indian soldiers fighting with the allied forces during the war. When one looks at the consequences of a victory for Nazi Germany and Japan one also has to ask the question if Bose was betraying the Indian people. Little doubt that they would have been very bad off by a Japanese occupation, to take that possibility. :So I believe that there is a very good reason to rewrite the article. That does not mean that Bose only should be described as a collaborator with the Axis, but this is a vital part of the history of him and needs to be mentioned in order for the article to be balanced. You may for examble see whats written of him in answers.com :"Bose, Subhas Chandra (shʊbhäsh' chŭn'drə bōs) , 1897–1945, Indian nationalist. He began his political career in Calcutta and soon became the leader of the left wing of the Indian National Congress party. He was president of the party in 1938–39 but was forced to resign after a dispute with Mohandas K. Gandhi; he advocated militancy to achieve independence for India and believed in dictatorship to unify the country. Jailed by the British for his Axis sympathies in World War II, he escaped (1941) and fled to Germany. In 1943 he headed in Singapore a Japanese-sponsored “provisional government of India” and organized an “Indian national army.” Although sympathetic to totalitarianism, his collaboration was principally directed toward freeing India from British rule and the establishment of an independent regime. He was killed in an airplane crash. :Bibliography :See his collected writings and letters, ed. by J. S. Bright (2d ed. 1947); L. Gordon, Brothers Against the Raj (1990)." :I do not feel capable to do this rewrite, but I am sure someone else with a knowlegde of the issue can do it, so until she/he emerges I do belive the article is best left with the NPOV tag. User:Ulflarsen 19:18, 11 May 2005 (UTC) == Bose as a collaborator with the Axis powers == From the article it seems quite clear that Bose was collaborating close with the Axis powers. He cooperated with both the Germans and the Japanese. If the axis powers had won India would probably been worse off than under the British, and so his acts here was against the long term interests of the Indian people as well. :eh? How on earth do you conclude that '' "his acts here was against the long term interests of the Indian people" ''? Are you an Indian? Had you been in India during the British rule? Do you know *anything at all* about British rule in India? Do you read, at all? ::I am not an Indian, but I can read. There is no doubt that the British supressed India, and had a long list of shameful and tragic acts to answer for, one may for example look at the Bengal famine of 1943. But - if the Axis powers that Bose relied on had won, India would most probably been ruled by the Japanese. If one look at how they ruled the areas they occupied I find it quite easy to say that Bose worked against the long term interests of the Indian people. And interestingly - after the Allied forces crushed the Axis powers, India got its independence in 1947. If the japanese militarists had won, India may well have been a colony or a puppet state of Japan today - and not the strong independent state that it is. User:Ulflarsen 19:28, 11 May 2005 (UTC) Parts of the article, like: "Bose himself claimed he could see little difference between the fundamentally oppressive nature of either British imperialism or Axis's fascism despite having lived in Colonial India, democratic Britain and Fascist Germany." -shows quite clear how naive he was about Nazi Germany. :Amritsar_Massacre , you would've known. Please don't go around making gauche/careless statements when you don't know about the subject. ::The Amritsar Massacre was a shameful incident. But reading the article you link to one will see that the event was widely discussed and condemned in the west. If you then compare that massacre, and the famine of 1943 with the suffering the Chinese people led under the Japanese war of aggression - you may see a clear difference in cruelty in Sino-Japanese_War_%281937-1945%29. That same Japan was the country that aided Bose in establishing an army. I have little doubht that the Japanese would have used him - and deposed of him if they had won over the British and occupied India. That Bose aligned himself with that aggressive country, that still today has not sufficiently excused itself of its wartime misdeeds, needs to be reflected in the article for it to be balanced. User:Ulflarsen 19:43, 11 May 2005 (UTC) "A testament to Bose's organizational acumen, the Indian National Army consisted of some 85000 regular troops, a separate women's army unit named after Rani Lakshmi Bai (in a regular army, the women's army unit was the first of its kind in Asia), who gave her life in the First War of Independence in 1857. These were under the aegis of a regular government, with its own currency, court and civil code, named the "Provisional Government of Free India" (or the Arzi Hukumate Azad Hind) and recognised by nine states: Germany, Japan, Italy, Croatia, Nationalist China, Siam, Burma, Manchukuo and the Philippines." The countries liste above recognising the "Provisional Government of Free India" was all Axis controlled countries. :so what? They were *freedom fighters* and they were fighting the *British* (read this ten times). No country aligned with British would've ever recognised/helped them. ::I have no doubt that they saw themselves as freedom fighters. But to achieve his goal Bose aligned himself with two of the most supressive countries that the modern world has seen. And a list of countries supporting his provisional government that all were defeated by the end of the war says something about the value of that support. Again, this website tries hard to be an encyclopedia - and it is not a place where various political cases should have a place to singlemindedly went their ideas - articles should be NPOV. Currently the article about Bose is not so, and therefore the NPOV tag should stay until someone with knowledge manage to rewrite it in a balanced way. User:Ulflarsen 19:50, 11 May 2005 (UTC) The article needs to be rewritten before the NPOV tag can be removed. User:Ulflarsen 20:34, 10 May 2005 (UTC) ''19:12, 10 May 2005 Ulflarsen (I believe this article is rather biased, not NPOV and should be rewritten, as Bose is seen as a traitor by many)''' :Who sees Bose as a traitor? you do? History should be taken into account before making such careless statements. It is true that he collaborated with axis powers, but he did that to try and liberate India from the oppressive British. You just don't know what it is to fight one's freedom. Go and do some homework kid, before marking articles blindly as POVs. get around and do some reading. ::The article is rather biased as I tried to show with the citations above. I suggest you comment on them instead of making comments about my reading. I base my NPOV on the article's content and I belive it is rather easy to see that Bose is seen in a most favourable light. ::Talking about freedom, and freedom fighting that is also a point I examine. If the Axis powers that Bose aligned himself with had won the war (as Bose certainly hoped), India would have been very bad off today. Witness the atrocities of Nazi Germany and Japan. This is not a defense for the British rule of India which was wrong - but Bose's alternative would have made matters worse for the Indian people. ::You may also notice that I did not write anything myself about Bose, as I do not have that kind of knowledge that I feel competent to write about him. But reading the current article about him is enough to see that it needs to be written over again, with less bias. User:Ulflarsen 21:23, 10 May 2005 (UTC) My two paise: Bose was a radical, opposed to the British and refused to follow the non-violent path to freedom. The only reason he aligned his organisation with the Axis was under the logic "an enemy's enemy is a friend". He was careful enough not to support their ideology. In a war of such implications, ideology takes a backseat, thus creating some unthinkable alliances. It would be another issue if Bose had ideological sympathies with the Axis, but he didn't, and its ludicrous to brand him a traitor to India's freedom cause. (PS please sign your replies) == 05:16, May 11, 2005 (UTC) :And in connection with what Nichalp is saying about Realpolitik, let's not forget that even the USSR was for a while allied with Hitler – this is the country that subsequently made by far the greatest sacrifices to bring him down. I have to say, though, that the article as currently written really seems to be bending over backwards to justify Netaji's alignment with the Axis. Can we not find some dissenting voice (with attributions!) to describe as taking an alternate POV? (I'm especially thinking of Jawaharlal Nehru and others who took his approach to the Allied cause... Or perhaps M. N. Roy?) User:QuartierLatin1968 14:19, 11 May 2005 (UTC) ::As you may see from the various replies I have written above I understand very well that one has to think "Realpolitik" - as Churchill did when he fully supported the USSR after the Nazi invasion 21 June 1941. But it has its consequences - and Churchill was for the rest of his life haunted by how the poles and the balts were sold out during Jalta. And to look at the consequences of Bose seeking support from the Axis one have to look at how they treated the countries they colonized. I do believe that it is easy to say that India was better off as a British colony than as a Japanese. As of today, it seems to be little hostility between Britain and India - the same can not be said about Japan and China. I guess that says a bit how hard the japanese occupation was. ::Again - I am not out to remove that Bose is seen as a hero by many in India - but the other view of him needs to be written in, if the article is to be balanced. User:Ulflarsen 20:15, 11 May 2005 (UTC) :::hello, I don't know what you have against Japan or the "Axis powers". Please vent out your anger on the "Axis powers" elsewhere. But the stand you're taking is clearly a POV and not the article as it is currently. You seem to suggest that we label Subash chandra bose a *traitor* 'cos the other view (your view) is that? Don't mark in POV just 'cos you view it from an opressor's viewpoint. ::''India was better off as a British colony than as a Japanese'' :::This is ridiculous. We're not juggling with the possibilities and exploring things that could've happened. We're recording things that happened and writing about a freedom fighter. I see no sense in your false 'POVed aticle' stand. Its time to move on. --User:59.92.226.23 14:50, 12 May 2005 (UTC) ::::I have no problem in that some disagree with me in my view on the article. But then they should argue their position. I have tried to extensively show that Bose also could be seen as a collaborator, also by Indians. Labeling my arguments as "ridiculous" does not bring the discussion forward. Whether he was a freedom fighter is also a question of how one look at him. For some he was a freedom fighter - for others a collaborator. The article as it stands paints Bose in a very posivite light, the darker side of his political work should be more clearly pointed out before the NPOV tag can be removed. User:Ulflarsen 14:59, 12 May 2005 (UTC) :::::Now, don't be a moron. What more explanation do you need? Didn't you read the words by the other fellow wikipedians? --User:59.92.226.23 15:06, 12 May 2005 (UTC) Again, I believe I have argued the case for a rewrite of the article. Have posted this before, but here is an article from Answers.com regarding Bose: "Bose, Subhas Chandra (shʊbhäsh' chŭn'drə bōs) , 1897–1945, Indian nationalist. He began his political career in Calcutta and soon became the leader of the left wing of the Indian National Congress party. He was president of the party in 1938–39 but was forced to resign after a dispute with Mohandas K. Gandhi; he advocated militancy to achieve independence for India and believed in dictatorship to unify the country. Jailed by the British for his Axis sympathies in World War II, he escaped (1941) and fled to Germany. In 1943 he headed in Singapore a Japanese-sponsored “provisional government of India” and organized an “Indian national army.” Although sympathetic to totalitarianism, his collaboration was principally directed toward freeing India from British rule and the establishment of an independent regime. He was killed in an airplane crash. Bibliography: See his collected writings and letters, ed. by J. S. Bright (2d ed. 1947); L. Gordon, Brothers Against the Raj (1990)." As you can see, this short article gives a quite balanced view of Bose, and it also mentions that he fell out with Gandhi. This is not a question of whether Bose was a freedomfighter or not, it is a question of Wikipedia being an encyclopedia and therefor should present all relevant information in as balanced a way as possible. Ulflarsen 15:21, 12 May 2005 (UTC) :::::::My dear fellow, are you sure of what you've been writing here down? You seem to be mincing your own words. First you say the countries in the "axis powers" were forever evil and even seem to suggest that British were better off for India than Japanese. I don't know wether you were justified to go on making such careless comments, but I surely know that you've been changing positions in your stand. :::::::First you say label S C Bose as a "Collaborator" and a "traitor". Now you seem to suggest that the article should mention '''he fell out with Gandhi. This is not a question of whether Bose was a freedomfighter or not''... which makes me to ask you the inevitable: are you sure you aren't nuts? P.S: *you, Mr. User:Ulflarsen said this*: (The hieght of carelessness) * I do believe that it is easy to say that India was better off as a British colony than as a Japanese Seen from the Allied side Bose was a collaborator and a traitor. Seems that quite many of his countrymen must have had that position, if not they would not have enlisted in a war against the Axis powers. ::First off, nobody in India joined hands to fight with allied forces. It was *thrust* upon them. A war was the last thing they needed. Read about the Congress's opposition on India's inclusion in the world war by the ruling British. Yes - I did write that I "I do believe that it is easy to say that India was better off as a British colony than as a Japanese". ::It is insane to portray some pre-concieved notion about any event that would happen or would've happened. It is the hieght of your carelessness that you make such gauche statements. I really fail to understand what you've personally got against Japan. But no country is to be termed *forever evil* just 'cos it once participated in a World war against the allied forces. If you do not agree in that statement, then please argue against it. That is not to say that India and any other country is best off as an independent country. ::?? Care to explain? (add it below with another title - ''"User:Ulflarsen explains and suggests what was best for India"'') But quite often one has to choose between two evils, and the Japanese was clearly the worse in this case. ::ok, so both are evil, now, for you. I believe it is very good reasons for rewriting the article, as as you see I have started a new part discussing that. I hope we can discuss a rewrite that gives a more balanced view of Bose, an article that also shows the serious problem in him collaborating with the Axis powers. User:Ulflarsen 16:06, 12 May 2005 (UTC) ==How to solve the problem with the current article== I do not see the point of more reverts, so I will just drop adding NPOV to the article as it is quickly reverted. That however does not change the situation that the article as I see it is NPOV. The rules for resolving differences over articles Dispute_resolution. The first move is to talk to the opposing party. I have listed my reasons for the current article not being NPOV, but little facts has come forward except claiming that Bose was a freedom fighter and that I as not being an indian can not judge on the article. :'''This is wrong. There's been sufficient information provided. The disputant should stop acting blind and patiently read whats been written here and review his own careless statements. '''--User:59.92.226.23 16:01, 12 May 2005 (UTC) I challenge those who defend the article as it is to come forward to defend it, especially its pro-Axis view and the light treatment of Bose's collaboration with the Axis powers. I hope we can discuss this here and that a revised article can be written that treats the subject in a more balanced way. User:Ulflarsen 15:38, 12 May 2005 (UTC) :I think that the article is now more balanced but I have a problem with a sentence which seems odd: :''...Azad Hind Fauz (in Hindustani) was an organization devoid of any of the divisive energies of provincialism, casteism, communalism, bigotry, parochialism, religious fundamentalism, orthodoxy due to social obscurantism and social intolerance, which in their wake, have more often than not, caused harm to India's secular and socio-cultural fabric.''' Clarifications needed. : == 18:45, May 12, 2005 (UTC) == A Historian's view == http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/itihas/bose.htm From the page: '' Dr. Jyotsna Kamat is a historian living in Bangalore. India's freedom struggle is one of her favorite topics'' She mentions these: ''For common Indians, Axis and Allied powers hardly mattered'' ''Bose wanted to free India from the Eastern front. He had taken care that Japanese interference was not present from any angle'' ''INA marched through Burma and occupied Coxtown on the Indian Border.'' (Please note: ''INA'' and *not* Japan army) So, those who would opt to call him a ''collaborator'' or ''traitor'' should go through a sanity check. --User:59.92.140.94 06:28, 15 May 2005 (UTC) ::During the war he sided both with Nazi Germany and the Japanese. There is little doubt that he was a collaborator. That ordinary indians did not care is not that strange, as they never lived through Japanese occupation. If they had done so they would have taken a different view of Bose. ::That does not mean that Bose was not a freedom fighter, in his own view, just that he was not as wise as his fellow freedomfighter Gandhi, to name one. The Japanese were using INA for their own goals, like they did with other similar movements. Again, India as a colony was much better off under the British than they would have been under the Japanese. The huge mistake Bose did was not to see this and unite with the British during wartime, and then continue fighting them after the Axis had been defeated. User:Ulflarsen 06:53, 15 May 2005 (UTC) :::I am surprised at this line of reasoning. Why on earth do you consider that "Again, India as a colony was much better off under the British than they would have been under the Japanese. "??? Isn't that a little bit too much of Anglo-worship? How can you be sure the British were a lot better than whatever the JApanese would have done? Wasn't Britain's fortune made through exploitation of India? Anyway, history is written by the victors, and thus favors victors with unlimited virtues. And since WHEN is following a different path called "Collaboration"? Finally, Traitor would mean betraying the trust. Why should any indian nationalist leader try utmost not to betray the trust of the British government/empire? With due respect, are you implying the Indians should have been bootlickers of the British forever, never protesting or trying to throw out the 200 year old enemy/occupiers? --User:Ragib 07:58, 15 May 2005 (UTC) ::::To say that clearly first of all - the British should never have colonized India (or other countries for that sake). And when so happened they had full right to resist the British. But the fact was that Britain was the colonial power, had been so, but was slowly starting to see that this had to end. Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan, on the contrary - had to be crushed to give up their imperial ambitions. That the Japanese were ten times worse (even remembering disasters as the 1943 Bengal famine) is easy to see when one compares the British rule in India with the Japanese in China. During WW2 China lost some 20 million due to the Japanese war and occupation. ::::So, if the one Bose aligned himself with had won, India would have gone from bad to worse. Most Indians must have seen this at that time, if not there would have been large uprisings against the British that would have benefitted the Japanese. One that seems to have started out like Bose was Aung San. He started to collaborate with the Japanese invader, but saw their rule and then went on fighting them together with the Allid forces. Bose showed very bad judgement and was betraying the trust of ordinary Indians, and that I believe should be better stated in the article of him. That he was in idealist and hoped to free his people can not let him escape his disastrous decisions. Luckily for India - and the Allies, he did not succeed. User:Ulflarsen 11:32, 15 May 2005 (UTC) :::::''Disastrous decisions?'' ''Bose was like Aung San''? Dude, convince me that you aren't nuts. --User:59.92.140.216 17:52, 19 May 2005 (UTC) ::::::If you disagre with me you should put forward your arguments. As I have showed earlier more than 2 million ordinary Indians fought with the Allies, their view surely must have some weight. Also, as you may notice - the Chinese still has a huge problem with the Japanese due to their massacres in China during WW2. Last but not least, Aung San saw the true character of the Japanese occupation and changed from supporting them to fighting them - aligning himself with the Allied forces. User:Ulflarsen 19:04, 19 May 2005 (UTC) ::::::I just want to comment on one thing, "ordinary" Indians didnt not fight, the Indian soldiers did. They would have fought anyone they were ordered to by the British officers. That doesn't mean they "saw the true character", many of the Indian soldiers also fought against the rebel Indians during the Indian rebellion of 1857. That doesn't mean Indians at that time supported the British rule and hated their own people. So your logic that since soldiers fought along with the British, they all supported the British in WW2, is completely wrong. Come up with some other arguments please. --User:Ragib 21:18, 19 May 2005 (UTC) :::::::The Indian Army's official website says this "In 1939, the Army had 189,000 in its ranks -rising to 2,644,323 at peak strength in 1945." :::::::http://indianarmy.nic.in/arhist.htm :::::::-and it shows the enormous expansion of the Indian army during the war. Some probably fought for money and that alone, but if the British rule at that time was as Bose stated it is strange that they did so. I do not say that they supported the British rule - but that they aligned themselves with the Allied forces and their fight against the Axis powers (the Japanese, Germans and Italians). And history showed they were right, as India got its independence in 1947. If Bose's allies had won, that is the Japanese and Nazi Germany - that would not had happened, and not seeing that is Bose's dangerous mistake, which would have to be paid by ordinary Indians, as the Indian soldiers he left behind in Germany when he escaped to Japan. I would ask you to check the Indian Army history as presented by its website, it shows clearly who Bose were up against. Very good for ordinary Indians that he and his Indian National Army lost against the Indian Army. :::::::This is not to say that Bose was dishonest, he probably believed in his ideas, but he was led astray, possibly by his own hatred of the British colonialists that had occupied his country for centuries. User:Ulflarsen 22:29, 19 May 2005 (UTC) ::: Mr. Norway, I am not saying that you are dishonest, you probably believe in your ideas. but you are probably led astray by your own hatred of the axis powers. What you don't see is the fact that taking help from the Axis power is not the same as believeing in their ideology. So what exactly is your point? His intensions were right but his judgement was flawed, or his intensions were bad too? User:128.125.20.196 08:35, 20 May 2005 (UTC) I have presented a list of arguments, that shows the following: *Most Indians fought with the British, against the Axis - some 2.6 million, against the INA's 85.000. That is a ratio of roughly 30 to 1. If ordinary Indians had supported Bose the number would possibly be the other way around. The numbers are from the official website of the Indian Army: http://indianarmy.nic.in/arhist.htm :There is no point in disputing the numbers and stats you present. However, you have to consider that these were *Soliders* of the regular army. Whatever they think of Nazi or Japanese or whoever really doesn't matter here. They were regular soldiers under the Indian Army, whose superiors were British. So, they would fight *anyone* when ordered. I'm not sure if you would understand the notion, but while the people of an occupied country hate the occupier and colonial rulers, that doesn't mean that some of the people would join the army for a living (paid handsomely during ww2) and do whatever told. Consider the fact that at that time India's (undivided India) total population was 330 million. So if 2 million of them were soldiers, and they were ordered by the British to fight with the Japanese, they would do so, that fact doesn't change any thing, or prove yourn point. All Indian politicians of the time including Gandhi, Nehru, Jinnah opposed the British. They didn't have any special love for the British that they'd pull Indians together to fight with them against the "British's enemies". You can easily add tens of millions of people who supported Bose during the war. --User:Ragib 11:26, 20 May 2005 (UTC) *Bose collaborated with both Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan. Some claim that whether the Axis won, or the Allies was of no difference for the ordinary Indians. I have showed, with the Japanese atrocities in China, that there indeed was a difference. If we say that the Bengal famine of 1943 claimed 4 million lives, then compare that to the 20 million lost in China during the Japanese occupation. That is a ratio of 5 to 1. Some seem to believe that Bose actually controlled the INA. They should read about Aung San, how he changed side after trying the same as Bose, that is to use the Japanese against the British. I quote from the San article: "However, his cooperation with the Japanese authorities was to be short-lived. He became skeptical about their promises of true independence, and was displeased with their treatment of Burmese forces". :This is indeed, yet another fallacious logic. Did you ever think what would happen if, in any battle of history, the other side won? Whoever wins makes the other side look awefully bad. Just to give you an example, suppose that Bangladesh was defeated in the Bangladesh Liberation War with the West Pakistani rulers. What would the Mukti Bahini (Bengali freedom fighers) be called? Traitors? Definitely! Also, what would history say? Definitely, that people would have been a lot worse off in independent Bangladesh, than in East Pakistan. My point is that if the Japanese, hypotheticlaly, won, we would be reading about British and American atrocities instead o f the Japanese ones in our school textbooks. *In the end, the Axis was crushed, and shortly after India, Burma, and other countries got their independence. If the Axis had won, the forces that Bose had allied himself with, India would not have had its freedom for many years. That is not speculation, one can read the history of Imperial Japan and see how they treated other countries they occupied, no reason to believe they would have treated India any better. :*Wrong again. India won independence because that was inevitable. The nationalist movement was already quite strong, with or without the WW2. Also, that part is sheer speculation, not supported by facts. You CANNOT say what people would have done. --User:Ragib 11:26, 20 May 2005 (UTC) This does not mean I support the British colonial rule of India. It was illegal and the British (or other european powers, like Portugal, Denmark-Norway etc) should not have been there at all. The point about my writing is to try to balance the article about Bose, in line with the [Wikipedia:Neutral point of view|NPOV policy]. To round this up; I am not a historian, and neither am I an expert on India or its history. I have however read and experienced enough to have my hair raise when I read statements as this: "Bose himself claimed he could see little difference between the fundamentally oppressive nature of either British imperialism or Axis's fascism despite having lived in Colonial India, democratic Britain and Fascist Germany." Do note that I have not tried to change or delete that paragraph, but I have added one below listing the opposite view, that it INDEED made a differece if it was Axis or Allies that won the war. User:Ulflarsen 09:24, 20 May 2005 (UTC) I have started a poll below. Lets see how that turns out. I think you don't know enough about the British rule in India which is why you think Japanese would have been worse. Also you don't know much about Bose either. I think arguing further is fruitless since my convictions are as strong as yours. User:128.125.20.196 09:58, 20 May 2005 (UTC) :Again, I suggest that you and the others argue the case. I have listed a number of my arguments above. I invite both you and others to challenge them. For example, what do you make of that more than 2 million Indian soldier were fighting the Axis, compared to the 85.000 in INA? Or the Japanese atrocities in China? Or the way Aung San changed from collaborating with the Japanese to supporting the Allied forces? User:Ulflarsen 10:30, 20 May 2005 (UTC) :I think all your arguments have already been refuted several times. User:24.126.17.155 10:50, 20 May 2005 (UTC) :I just want to say that the disputed paragraph is based on several speculation 1. Indians supported British Rule/British War 2. Indians fought against Axis because they were against the Axis powers 3. Subhash Bose is a collaborator because he wanted to get rid of the occupiers of his own homeland. Claim 1 is wrong because history shows almost all Indians were against British rule (several rebellions support this), Claim 2 is wrong because PAID indian soldiers of regular army would have fought the French (or write any other nationality) too if the British superiors wanted them to, and finally claim 3 is wrong because that would have made all nationalist people traitors. Would the Americans call Nathan Hale a traitor? I doubt that, and the same applies to Subhash Bose. --User:Ragib 11:26, 20 May 2005 (UTC) ==Mr. User:Ulflarsen explains and suggests what was best for India and thereby rewrites the history== This space is for a
A characterization of Bose as a collaborator has been criticised by many commentators, who claim that what such critics fail to see is the fundamentally oppressive nature of the British rule in India. Now, the problem with this sentence (aside from the atrocious grammar) is that it adds very little to the reader's understanding of what this debate is about and what drives it.
:I quite agree with you killing that sentence. I tried to soften a previous even more POV criticism of Bose by changing a couple words. But the whole thing is better w/o the sentence at all. User:Lulu of the Lotus-Eaters 17:59, 2005 May 26 (UTC)
With that in mind, I what to make clear that I am not, at present, interested in hearing the arguments ''of'' editors here about this, rather, I am interested in those arguments which can be propperly attributed. Commentators, journalists, politicians, and esp. those who professionally study this. How about we, therefore, adopt as a standard for each side to present pertinent (esp. historiographical) currents and arguments which relate to this debate and then we can go on from there towards a possible comrpomise, and to any other area of the dispute. The key, though, is one issue, one passage, one section at a time. I am certain that with hard work, this can and will be made explicable.
I am confident we can see this through if we proceed according to these clear steps, which do however demand far more extensive and intensive research on everyone's part. Finally, I insist that a collegial atmosphere be maintained at all times. I'll be back again tommorow to check in on the responses. For now, please direct these to me rather than to the other parties. We'll move on from there. Thanks.
''P.S.'' I am deleting the ''Important people met by Bose'' list — it makes little sense and it is in bad form. If any of these meetings are noteworthy, they need to be depicted in the body. There is a reason why no single biographical article has such a section. I trust there are no objections. User:El C 07:19, 24 May 2005 (UTC)
:Good. That's a silly heading to have. User:Lulu of the Lotus-Eaters 17:59, 2005 May 26 (UTC)
I am against to any attempt to revert the article on Bose. He was a Patriot of first rate and a balanced and able person to lead India to Independence from British. One can never deny that his motives were as pure as dew. His writings and speches included in the article reveals his firm beleive in india's strength and his endeaviour to chanelise them at that perticular time to get a mass revolution with the end of british rule. The indian army under british should not be considered the same army which fought for britishers against their rivels, so I am surprised to know the fact that their website talks of pre independence heroism when they were fighting for queen under british commonders, not for there motherland India. The fact is that this loyalty of British Indian Army was more or less intact of any anti-british movement in india by congress or any other and this loyalty was the main log to support british rule in India. It revolted when they find there own friends of INA of Subhas being trailed in red fort. Why they revolted?
Because then they feel and find themselve in the wrong side, against there own men. So one should be very clear that the INA was fighting for Indpendence of their motherland against british indian army who were fighting to defend the queen's rule in India. What had happened if INA came victorious in is a speculation. If there are fact of Japanese atrocetese then there are enough resions to beleive in Subhas's deplomacy to protect India form any such eventuality. [Unsigned comment by User:210.212.60.68 User:El C 21:47, 26 May 2005 (UTC)]
:Well, I am afraid, Anonymous editor, that we will have to follow scholarly and otherwise notable consensus outside of Wikipedia. If you have sources that we could employ for these purposes, I encourage you to submitt these here. User:El C 21:47, 26 May 2005 (UTC)
== "People met by Bose" how relevant or encyclopedic is that? ==
My question is what's the significance of this section? In his lifetime, Bose met thousands of people. What's the big deal if Bose met Lord Halifax or Indira Gandhi? As a member of Bengal legislative coucil, he met thousands of others too whom I can name here. But so what? There was a significance of his meeting with, say, Hitler or Mussolini, but other than mention of that fact in other sections, I don't see the merit of keeping this laughingly pathetic section here. Adding this here only makes the article less encyclopedic, and rather somewhat dubious. So, I call for removal of this section. Please add your opinion or arguments for/against that.
Finally, , I deeply appreciate your efforts in making the article better, but before adding back sections like this (discussed and deleted before) please at least leave your arguments in the edit summary. --User:Ragib 06:12, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
:Yeah, "met by" is far too nebulous for a section. If some particular context or significance of a particular encounter or relationship can be provided, put that in the main text. But this conflates people Bose was closely allied with and people he once shook hands with. User:Lulu of the Lotus-Eaters 06:28, 2005 May 27 (UTC)
== Name spelling ==
I would just like to comment on the English transliteration of Bose's name. In Bengali language, Bose's name is written as ''Danta-sa''—''hrassha u''—''bhha''—''aa-kar''—''mudrdhanna-sha''. For the benefit of non-Bengali speakers, the last character, ''murdhanna-shha'' is pronounced as in ''Shaw''. So, the English transliteration should be ''Subhash'' rather than ''Shubhas''. Thanks. --User:Ragib 00:25, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
== Suggested Changes: Open for debate ==
Because of the past skirmishes on this subject, I'm announcing ahead of time a few of the changes I would like to see made to this article, mainly to reinforce NPOV; If anyone has objections, it is suggested that they make them here first before changing the article, so we can avoid revert wars.
1. Bose advocated the 'practical' approach that the political instability in wartime Britain...
Whether or not this approach was practical is POV. Word to be deleted.
2. The INA may or may not have been 'a testament to Bose's organisational acumen'. There is apparently a good case to be made (even in the referenced 'Forgotten Army') that much of the organisation was already in place thanks to Rashbehari Bose.
3. The Provisional Azad Hind Govt was less a 'regular government' than a skeletal placeholder for what Netaji hoped to put in place. The wording should reflect that.
4. Delete the reference to Eamon de Valera. He spent the entire war congratulating everybody, and as such his telegram is not informative.
5. The Bengal Famine reference is fine; except that the wording implies that the refusal to accept help rather than other actions of the administration was the primary action that 'led to the death' of millions. Not supported by the consensus. See Amartya Sen, Famines and Purchasing Power.
6. The sentence, quoted here : "Many of the ideals of Bose have been adopted in independent India like the adoption of Rabindranath Tagore's "Jana Gana Mana", the national song of the Provisional Government of Azad Hind as independent India's National Anthem, the adoption of Hindi as India's national language, the tricolour of India's national flag (inspired partly from the flag of the Azad Hind Fauz)."
Will be deleted in its entirety, as all of these except Hindi were primarily associated with the Congress and the national movement generally, and are not Azad Hind-specific.
7. This sentence: "Though his alliance with the Axis has been criticised by some commentators, most consider him a hero for his forceful stance against oppressive British imperialism."
is completely unnecessary, and will be deleted. The opinions of "some commentators" and the ambiguous "most" can be discussed in a separate subsection from a discussion of his politics.
8. This paragraph:
In working with the Japanese he was however fighting his own countrymen, who defended India within the unpoliticised British Indian Army against the Japanese invasion. Also the most effective blackout of politically sensitive information by the British ensured that some 2.6 million Indian soldiers fought with the Allies, and thus vastly outnumbering the Indian National Army. The I.N.A. was composed of a few brigades of the previously surrendered (to the Japanese at Singapore) British Indian Army divisions and expatriates in South East Asia. Compared to that, most of the British Indian Army divisions were left intact and unpoliticised."
repeats information that is clearly implied by previous sections of this article or (in the case of the info blackout) contradicted by the discussion of his radio addresses.
Will be deleted.
9. "It became eventually clear to Bose that ... was nowhere on the British roadmap."
Should be either deleted or rewritten to demonstrate that it was his personal view, not imply that he was right about it.
10. Churchill-bashing, while one of my favourite sports, is not appropriate in this article. Also, the quotes are not correct. The first should read "I have not become the King's First Minister to..." and the second is incorrect as well.
References will be deleted.
11. Reference to the heroism of the INA, as noted by an earlier editor, should be deleted or qualified or substantiated, lest the definition of the word be debased by overuse.
12. The entire section on re-evaluation is clearly NPOV and needs to be fixed.
In particular, describing all critics of Bose as Western or Western-influenced is neither correct nor appropriate.
A paragraph in that section is a repetition of an earlier paragraph, and will be deleted.
Sourcing for the sentence which states that Bose said he could see little difference between Brit imperialism and Axis fascism AFTER living in Nazi Germany. This is inaccurate, IIRC.
User:Hornplease 05:40, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
Since nobody's objected, I'll make these cahnges tonight. Any objections on the talk page first, please. User:Hornplease 18:41, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
The additions made just now don't seem to be Neutral. In fact they go out of their way to justify Bose, giving great detail to how he is being re-evaluated, explaining how he didn't agree with racist Nazi policies (but somehow managed to reconcile himself with supporting them). Would someone else like to look and give a second opinion. User:DJ Clayworth 05:38, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)
:There was no *New* addition, at least not today. According to [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Subhash_Chandra_Bose&curid=204281&diff=0&oldid=0 this diff], Kelly just reverted a vandalism/blanking. The issues you raise, however, are old, and have been debated deeply here in the talk page. See previous edits. Thanks --User:Ragib 05:41, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)See other meanings of words starting from letter:
S
SB | SC | SD | SE | SF | SG | SH | SI | SJ | SK | SL | SM | SN | SO | SP | SR | SS | ST | SU | SW | SX | SY | SZ |Words begining with Subhash_Chandra_Bose:
Subhash_Chandra_Bose
Subhash_Chandra_Bose
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