A steroid is a lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton with four fused rings. Different steroids vary in the functional groups attached to these rings. Hundreds of distinct steroids have been identified in plants and animals. Their most important role in most living systems is as hormones. In human physiology and medicine, the most important steroids are cholesterol, the steroid hormones, and their precursors and metabolites. In conversations, the term ''steroid'' is often used more restrictively in specific contexts. For instance, ''steroid'' in common medical usage by non-endocrinologists usually refers to corticosteroids, nearly always glucocorticoids. In an athletic or body-building context, ''steroid'' commonly refers to anabolic steroids. Cholesterol is an important steroid, being a common component of animal cell membranes. However, a high level of it can cause various conditions and diseases, including atherosclerosis. Most other steroids are synthesized from cholesterol. Also, various hormones, including vertebrate sex hormones, are steroids created from cholesterol. There are also various specific categories of steroids, including: *Anabolic steroids - used by athletes to increase performance. *Corticosteroids - affects metabolism and electrolyte excretion. *Sex hormones - androgens, estrogens, and progestagens *Prohormones - precursors to actual steroid hormones, manufactured by bodybuilding supplement companies Steroid hormones have their physiological effects by binding to steroid hormone receptor proteins. The binding of steroid hormones to their receptors causes changes in gene Transcription (genetics) and cell function. ==Synthesis== All steroid hormones are synthesized from pregnenolone, a derivative of cholesterol. Steroid hormones contain 21 or fewer carbon atom. The first step in steroid hormone synthesis is the removal of the 6 carbon side-chain of cholesterol. The enzyme ''desmolase'' cleaves Hydroxylation Chemical bond at C-20 and C-22. Three molecules of oxygen and 3 molecules of NADPH are consumed in the conversion from cholesterol to pregnenolone. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates this conversion. == External links == * [http://www.indstate.edu/thcme/mwking/steroid-hormones.html Michael W. King's Medical Biochemistry]. Note: King's webage starts out by saying that Vitamin A is a steroid hormone. Steroids and retinoids are both hydrophobic, pass through Cell membrane and bind to Signal transduction# Nuclear receptors. However, retinoic acid does not have the structure of a steroid. See: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&db=books&doptcmdl=GenBookHL&term=retinoids+AND+stryer%5Bbook%5D+AND+217301%5Buid%5D&rid=stryer.section.4466#4467 Steroids and Related Hydrophobic Molecules]. Steroids
All steroids hormones are synthetised from cholesterol. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Steroid&action=history source]) The link seems to be dead {I got it to work later}, but it does draw needed attention to "synthetised". "steroids hormones" --> "en:Steroid's hormones"? Named after the Latvian biochemist en:Igor steroid who invented the field of biochemistry in which natural compounds are made ([http://wiktionary.org/wiki/Synthetised]) from synthetics; the study of how molecules can be synthetised became known as en:Synthetolgy. User:JWSchmidt 14:48, 19 Mar 2004 (UTC) :JWSchmidt, this is rather innovative. The general parlance seems to be that all hormones that are synthesised (either biologically or in vitro) from cholesterol are steroids. Perhaps you're correct, but the whole medicine community uses "''Steroid hormones''". :I would recommend you find out more on our Latvian Igor and write up his page, then add an "etymology" section on the steroid page about the original meaning of the eponym. :PS I wouldn't rate Domestic Gear a very informative site. Insulin is mentioned as being a steroid. Unless biochemistry has changed while I was asleep, insulin can't in any way be described as a steroid, nor Epo and Lasix, let alone Glucophage (Metformin)! User:Jfdwolff 15:12, 19 Mar 2004 (UTC) I hope it is clear to everyone that I was making a joke about there being a scientist named "Igor Steroid" who developed a science of "Synthetolgy". This makes me wonder if we have discovered a new psuedopsuedoscience. (Maybe there is a religion of Synthetolgy?) A quick look on the internet only reveals one person with the name "Steroid", a Mr. Steroid Maximus who seems to be some sort of porn star. I did not follow the links so I can only imagine which particular muscle got maximized (and: what is the maximum?). User:JWSchmidt 17:46, 19 Mar 2004 (UTC) :Thanx User:JWSchmidt, you sounded very convincing. Couldn't you have waited until April 1? :-) User:Jfdwolff 21:42, 20 Mar 2004 (UTC) ::Just you wait for April 1! (I'm glad you are not mad at me. Some people around here seem to have no sense of humor.)
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
Words begining with Steroid:
Steroid
Steroid
Steroid-sparing_agent
Steroid-sparing_agents
Steroids
Steroids
Steroids
Steroid_diabetes
Steroid_hormone
Steroid_hormones
Steroid_hormones
Steroid_hormone_receptor
Steroid_receptor
Steroid
A steroid is a lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton with four fused rings. Different steroids vary in the functional groups attached to these rings. Hundreds of distinct steroids have been identified in plants and animals. Their most important role in most living systems is as hormones. In human physiology and medicine, the most important steroids are cholesterol, the steroid hormones, and their precursors and metabolites. In conversations, the term ''steroid'' is often used more restrictively in specific contexts. For instance, ''steroid'' in common medical usage by non-endocrinologists usually refers to corticosteroids, nearly always glucocorticoids. In an athletic or body-building context, ''steroid'' commonly refers to anabolic steroids. Cholesterol is an important steroid, being a common component of animal cell membranes. However, a high level of it can cause various conditions and diseases, including atherosclerosis. Most other steroids are synthesized from cholesterol. Also, various hormones, including vertebrate sex hormones, are steroids created from cholesterol. There are also various specific categories of steroids, including: *Anabolic steroids - used by athletes to increase performance. *Corticosteroids - affects metabolism and electrolyte excretion. *Sex hormones - androgens, estrogens, and progestagens *Prohormones - precursors to actual steroid hormones, manufactured by bodybuilding supplement companies Steroid hormones have their physiological effects by binding to steroid hormone receptor proteins. The binding of steroid hormones to their receptors causes changes in gene Transcription (genetics) and cell function. ==Synthesis== All steroid hormones are synthesized from pregnenolone, a derivative of cholesterol. Steroid hormones contain 21 or fewer carbon atom. The first step in steroid hormone synthesis is the removal of the 6 carbon side-chain of cholesterol. The enzyme ''desmolase'' cleaves Hydroxylation Chemical bond at C-20 and C-22. Three molecules of oxygen and 3 molecules of NADPH are consumed in the conversion from cholesterol to pregnenolone. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates this conversion. == External links == * [http://www.indstate.edu/thcme/mwking/steroid-hormones.html Michael W. King's Medical Biochemistry]. Note: King's webage starts out by saying that Vitamin A is a steroid hormone. Steroids and retinoids are both hydrophobic, pass through Cell membrane and bind to Signal transduction# Nuclear receptors. However, retinoic acid does not have the structure of a steroid. See: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&db=books&doptcmdl=GenBookHL&term=retinoids+AND+stryer%5Bbook%5D+AND+217301%5Buid%5D&rid=stryer.section.4466#4467 Steroids and Related Hydrophobic Molecules]. Steroids
Steroid
All steroids hormones are synthetised from cholesterol. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Steroid&action=history source]) The link seems to be dead {I got it to work later}, but it does draw needed attention to "synthetised". "steroids hormones" --> "en:Steroid's hormones"? Named after the Latvian biochemist en:Igor steroid who invented the field of biochemistry in which natural compounds are made ([http://wiktionary.org/wiki/Synthetised]) from synthetics; the study of how molecules can be synthetised became known as en:Synthetolgy. User:JWSchmidt 14:48, 19 Mar 2004 (UTC) :JWSchmidt, this is rather innovative. The general parlance seems to be that all hormones that are synthesised (either biologically or in vitro) from cholesterol are steroids. Perhaps you're correct, but the whole medicine community uses "''Steroid hormones''". :I would recommend you find out more on our Latvian Igor and write up his page, then add an "etymology" section on the steroid page about the original meaning of the eponym. :PS I wouldn't rate Domestic Gear a very informative site. Insulin is mentioned as being a steroid. Unless biochemistry has changed while I was asleep, insulin can't in any way be described as a steroid, nor Epo and Lasix, let alone Glucophage (Metformin)! User:Jfdwolff 15:12, 19 Mar 2004 (UTC) I hope it is clear to everyone that I was making a joke about there being a scientist named "Igor Steroid" who developed a science of "Synthetolgy". This makes me wonder if we have discovered a new psuedopsuedoscience. (Maybe there is a religion of Synthetolgy?) A quick look on the internet only reveals one person with the name "Steroid", a Mr. Steroid Maximus who seems to be some sort of porn star. I did not follow the links so I can only imagine which particular muscle got maximized (and: what is the maximum?). User:JWSchmidt 17:46, 19 Mar 2004 (UTC) :Thanx User:JWSchmidt, you sounded very convincing. Couldn't you have waited until April 1? :-) User:Jfdwolff 21:42, 20 Mar 2004 (UTC) ::Just you wait for April 1! (I'm glad you are not mad at me. Some people around here seem to have no sense of humor.)
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
S
SB | SC | SD | SE | SF | SG | SH | SI | SJ | SK | SL | SM | SN | SO | SP | SR | SS | ST | SU | SW | SX | SY | SZ |Words begining with Steroid:
Steroid
Steroid
Steroid-sparing_agent
Steroid-sparing_agents
Steroids
Steroids
Steroids
Steroid_diabetes
Steroid_hormone
Steroid_hormones
Steroid_hormones
Steroid_hormone_receptor
Steroid_receptor
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