
In music and sight singing solfege or solmization is a way of assigning syllables to degree (music)s or steps of the diatonic scale (music). In order, they are: Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La, Ti, and Do (for the octave). In India, the origin of Solfege was to be found in Veda texts like the Upanishad, which discuss a musical system of seven notes, realized ultimately in what is known as sargam. Much later in the West it was a pedagogical technique created by Guido of Arezzo; These names are still used for the notes in Latin countries while in Germanic countries the names of Musical notation#Letter notation of the alphabet are used. == Etymology == "Solfege" came from French language ''solfège'' in the 1910s. (In French, ''solfège'' refers to musical technical skills as a whole: sight reading, writing the score of the music one hears, singing in tune, etc.) The French word in turn came from the Italian language ''solfeggio'', which is a combination of ''sol'' and ''fa''. Its equivalent since Early Modern English is Tonic Sol-fa. The syllable names come from a formerly well-known medieval hymn, entitled ''Ut queant laxis'', in which each successive verse starts on the next higher scale degree in the major scale; The first syllable in each verse corresponds to the solfege syllable, with the exception of the first, "Ut," which was changed to the more singable "Do." The original hymn did not start a phrase upon the seventh scale degree. To fill in this gap, at a later time the Ti (or sometimes Si) was added to the repertoire. == Variations == There are two main types of solfege: ''moveable Do'', in which each syllable corresponds with a scale degree, and ''fixed Do'', in which the syllables correspond to fixed pitches. The advantage of moveable Do is that Do always corresponds to the tonic (music); the disadvantage is that the singer must do a harmonic analysis of the piece in order to sing the correct syllables. In fixed Do, the pitches are set: the tonic, Do, is C, Re is D, and so on; Fa is easy to remember, since it is F. There are also other syllables corresponding to notes outside of the major scale. All the solfege syllables are listed in the table below; the syllables in the major scale are shown in bold.
Some variations of the syllables are (e.g. the major scale): ''Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La, Si, Do'', and ''Fa, Sol, La, Fa, Sol, La, Mi, Fa''. The first variation was common in English-speaking countries until John Curwen changed ''Si'' to ''Ti'' so each syllable would start with a different letter. The second variation uses four syllables and repeats three of them. This system always has a half step before the syllable "fa". It was once common in England, and, via England, in early America. It has survived in American shape note books such as the Sacred Harp and Southern Harmony. The article ''Shape note'' discusses assigning shaped noteheads to correspond with the solfege symbols. John Curwen developed the English ''Tonic Sol-fa'' system in the mid to late 1800s. Visual aids such as shape notes and Tonic Sol-fa remove the difficulty of singing the correct syllables in a ''moveable Do'' system.
== Common scales ==
Some common scales are given below in solfege for reference.
Ascending the chromatic scale (using sharps):
: Do Di Re Ri Mi Fa Fi Sol Si La Li Ti Do
Descending the chromatic scale (using flats):
: Do Ti Te La Le Sol Se Fa Mi Me Re Ra Do
The major scale:
: Do Re Mi Fa Sol La Ti Do
The natural minor scale:
: Do Re Mé Fa Sol Le Te Do
The minor scale is a "moveable" system:
: La Ti Do Re Mi Fa Sol La
In atonal music Musical notation#Integer notation is often sung rather than solfege.
== Other meanings ==
In colloquial language, singers sometimes incorrectly use "solfege" and "sight reading" as synonyms; sight reading means reading the piece without benefit of previous study, or numerical sight-singing, where the solfege syllables are replaced by the numbers one through seven.
== See Also ==
* Note
* Sargam
* GNU Solfege
== External Link ==
*[http://www.niehs.nih.gov/kids/lyrics/doremi.htm The song "Do-Re-Mi"] from ''The Sound of Music''
fa:مبانی موسیقی (سلفژ)
removed " 'a' as in ''fall'' " -- might be right for some Americans, but certainly not in RP. ---- == ''Si'' vs. ''Ti'' == I always thought it was Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La, Si Why is the last not Ti instead of Si on this page? : AFAIK the leading tone really is "ti". "Si" is sharp 5. -- User:Merphant : Originally, it was si (see Ut queant laxis). Now in standard English, it isn't. --User:Menchi 02:37, 5 Nov 2003 (UTC) ---- == Missing solfege syllables == What are the syllables for augmented 3, diminished 4, dminished 1, and augmented 7? I guess you could use "De" and "Fe" for dim 1 and dim 4, respectively, but I've never heard of those. Do such things exist? -- User:Merphant It has to do with the number of half steps between the scale degrees. For example, between "si" and "la" there is only one half step. Because there is only one half step between "mi" and "fa," there is no theoretical need for a raised 3 (likewise a lowered 4 or a lowered 1). If you find one, I would assume you're either in the middle of a modulation, in which case solfege is generally tossed, or in a less tonal piece, in which case, again, solfege is tossed. I'm sure there are exceptions here, but this will be generally true. -- User:GDPmumin == Diphthongs == Vocalists are often concerned with the proper singing of diphthongs, not only in singing text but also in sight reading/solfege situations. I would say that (especially depending on dialect) the pronunciation hints given in the chart are very conducive to unpleasant diphthongs if used as a reference. Perhaps International Phonetic Alphabet or SAMPA pronunciation guides would be more appropriate? Ideas? -- User:TrbleClef 03:57, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC) == Sol, Si, Sharp-Flat == We call the perfect fifth ''sol'', not ''so'' and the major seventh ''si'', not ''ti''. Then, augmented fifth becomes ''sil'' and diminished fifth becomes ''sel''. On some occasions, we even call the minor seventh ''si flat'', the augmented fifth ''sol sharp'', and we do similar thing to the other notes. -- User:ErikDT
#REDIRECT Solfege
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
Words begining with Solfege:
Solfege
Solfege
Solfège
Solfege
In music and sight singing solfege or solmization is a way of assigning syllables to degree (music)s or steps of the diatonic scale (music). In order, they are: Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La, Ti, and Do (for the octave). In India, the origin of Solfege was to be found in Veda texts like the Upanishad, which discuss a musical system of seven notes, realized ultimately in what is known as sargam. Much later in the West it was a pedagogical technique created by Guido of Arezzo; These names are still used for the notes in Latin countries while in Germanic countries the names of Musical notation#Letter notation of the alphabet are used. == Etymology == "Solfege" came from French language ''solfège'' in the 1910s. (In French, ''solfège'' refers to musical technical skills as a whole: sight reading, writing the score of the music one hears, singing in tune, etc.) The French word in turn came from the Italian language ''solfeggio'', which is a combination of ''sol'' and ''fa''. Its equivalent since Early Modern English is Tonic Sol-fa. The syllable names come from a formerly well-known medieval hymn, entitled ''Ut queant laxis'', in which each successive verse starts on the next higher scale degree in the major scale; The first syllable in each verse corresponds to the solfege syllable, with the exception of the first, "Ut," which was changed to the more singable "Do." The original hymn did not start a phrase upon the seventh scale degree. To fill in this gap, at a later time the Ti (or sometimes Si) was added to the repertoire. == Variations == There are two main types of solfege: ''moveable Do'', in which each syllable corresponds with a scale degree, and ''fixed Do'', in which the syllables correspond to fixed pitches. The advantage of moveable Do is that Do always corresponds to the tonic (music); the disadvantage is that the singer must do a harmonic analysis of the piece in order to sing the correct syllables. In fixed Do, the pitches are set: the tonic, Do, is C, Re is D, and so on; Fa is easy to remember, since it is F. There are also other syllables corresponding to notes outside of the major scale. All the solfege syllables are listed in the table below; the syllables in the major scale are shown in bold.
| Scale degree | Syllable | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| Unison, Octave | Do | ''dough'' |
| Augmented unison | Di | ''Dee'' |
| Minor second | Ra | ''"Rah rah rah"'' |
| Major second | Re | ''ray'' |
| Augmented second | Ri | like ''reach'' |
| Minor third | Mé | ''May'' |
| Major third | Mi | like the word ''me'' |
| Perfect fourth | Fa | 'a' as in ''father'' |
| Augmented fourth | Fi | like ''feet'' |
| Diminished fifth | Se | ''say'' |
| Perfect fifth | So (or Sol) | long 'o', like ''sold'' |
| Augmented fifth | Si | ''see'' |
| Minor sixth | Le | ''lay'' |
| Major sixth | La | 'a' as in ''large'' (like ''Fa'', above) |
| Augmented sixth | Li | like ''lean'' |
| Minor seventh | Te | like ''take'' |
| Major seventh | Ti* | ''tea'' |
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Solfege
removed " 'a' as in ''fall'' " -- might be right for some Americans, but certainly not in RP. ---- == ''Si'' vs. ''Ti'' == I always thought it was Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La, Si Why is the last not Ti instead of Si on this page? : AFAIK the leading tone really is "ti". "Si" is sharp 5. -- User:Merphant : Originally, it was si (see Ut queant laxis). Now in standard English, it isn't. --User:Menchi 02:37, 5 Nov 2003 (UTC) ---- == Missing solfege syllables == What are the syllables for augmented 3, diminished 4, dminished 1, and augmented 7? I guess you could use "De" and "Fe" for dim 1 and dim 4, respectively, but I've never heard of those. Do such things exist? -- User:Merphant It has to do with the number of half steps between the scale degrees. For example, between "si" and "la" there is only one half step. Because there is only one half step between "mi" and "fa," there is no theoretical need for a raised 3 (likewise a lowered 4 or a lowered 1). If you find one, I would assume you're either in the middle of a modulation, in which case solfege is generally tossed, or in a less tonal piece, in which case, again, solfege is tossed. I'm sure there are exceptions here, but this will be generally true. -- User:GDPmumin == Diphthongs == Vocalists are often concerned with the proper singing of diphthongs, not only in singing text but also in sight reading/solfege situations. I would say that (especially depending on dialect) the pronunciation hints given in the chart are very conducive to unpleasant diphthongs if used as a reference. Perhaps International Phonetic Alphabet or SAMPA pronunciation guides would be more appropriate? Ideas? -- User:TrbleClef 03:57, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC) == Sol, Si, Sharp-Flat == We call the perfect fifth ''sol'', not ''so'' and the major seventh ''si'', not ''ti''. Then, augmented fifth becomes ''sil'' and diminished fifth becomes ''sel''. On some occasions, we even call the minor seventh ''si flat'', the augmented fifth ''sol sharp'', and we do similar thing to the other notes. -- User:ErikDT
Solfège
#REDIRECT Solfege
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
S
SB | SC | SD | SE | SF | SG | SH | SI | SJ | SK | SL | SM | SN | SO | SP | SR | SS | ST | SU | SW | SX | SY | SZ |Words begining with Solfege:
Solfege
Solfege
Solfège
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