SKA

#REDIRECT Square Kilometre Array

Ska

''This page is about ska, the musical style. SKA is also a three letter acronym for Square Kilometre Array.'' ---- Ska is a form of Jamaican music which began in the late 1950s. Combining elements of traditional mento and calypso music with an United States jazz and rhythm and blues sound, it was a precursor in Jamaica to rocksteady and later reggae. It is the predominant form of music listened to by the Rude boy, Mod (lifestyle), and Skinhead movements, amongst others, with artists such as Symarip, Laurel Aitken, The Charmers and The Pioneers aiming songs at these groups as far back as the 1960s. Musical historians typically divide the history of ska into three waves. Ska's popularity has waxed and waned since its original inception, and has had revivals of note in England in the 1980s and another wave of popularity in the 1990s. ==The Waves== ===First Wave=== After World War II, Jamaicans purchased radios in increasing numbers and were able to hear American R&B from southern cities like New Orleans, Louisiana, whose artists (such as Fats Domino) had the most influence on early ska. To meet the demand for such music, entrepreneurs like Prince Buster, Coxsone Dodd, and Duke Reid formed sound systems, portable discotheques which appeared at dances and other gatherings. Sound system operators were able to obtain records from Miami and New Orleans, and these records were hot commodities in Jamaica. Often, these sound system operators removed labels from the most popular records in order to enjoy a monopoly on the best-liked tunes and draw the most customers. When New Orleans-style R&B fell out of favor by 1960, Jamaican artists began recording their own version of it. The music of ska is known for the placement of the accented guitar and piano rhythms on the upbeats. The word "ska" may have Onomatopoeia origins in a tradition of poetic or possibly even musical rhythms. Guitarist Ernest Ranglin said that "the offbeat guitar scratching that he and other musicians played was referred to as 'skat! skat! skat!'" Some believe that the early jazz and rock 'n' roll broadcasts from American radio stations were misinterpreted by an eager Jamaican music audience, hence the off-beat rhythms that almost mimicked the break up of weak radio signals that hit the Caribbean shores. Others consider ska not a misinterpretation but its own response to American music. The sound of ska was created at facilities like Studio One and WIRL Records in Kingston, Jamaica, by producers like Dodd, Reid, Prince Buster, and Edward Seaga (later Jamaica's prime minister). The upbeat sound of ska coincided with the celebratory feelings surrounding Jamaica's independence from the U.K. in 1962, an event commemorated by ska songs such as Derrick Morgan's "Forward March" and the Skatalites' "Freedom Sound". As music changed in America, so did ska. For example, ska was influenced by jazz and rock and roll. Ska groups like Clement Dodd's house band, The Skatalites often did instrumental ska versions of popular American and United Kingdom music, such as The Beatles tunes, movie themes, or surf instrumentals. In 1966 and 1967, when American Soul music became slower and smoother, ska changed its sound accordingly and resulted in rocksteady, a style of music with the bass playing more varied rhythms, more emphasis on the downbeat, and soulful vocals. Some historians suggest that the popularity of rocksteady's slowed tempo was a result of an exceptionally warm summer of 1966, during which dancers were physically too hot to dance to the uptempo numbers. Some notable rocksteady musicians are The Melodians, who scored a hit with 'Rivers of Babylon', the Ethiopians, and Desmond Dekker, who did a number of rocksteady songs during the late sixties. Rocksteady lasted until the emergence of reggae in 1968. Ska was showcased at the 1964 New York World's Fair. Byron Lee & the Dragonaires were selected over the Skatalites as the band for the occasion, and Prince Buster, Eric \"Monty\" Morris, and Peter Tosh performed with them, presenting ska music to the world. Prince Buster and U-Roy of Jamaica brought Ska to the U.K. in the early 1960s where it has been a major inspiration to many bands, such as the Specials, Madness (band), UB40 and many other underground music acts from dance to reggae. ===Second Wave=== The Two Tone (or 2 Tone) era was named after the similarly titled record label, formed by Jerry Dammers, Musical keyboard of The Specials. The band was formulated from the greatly diverse West Midlands region in the late 1970s, with bands such as The Beat and The Selecter in support of the scene. Supplementing the lilting Jamaican rhythms of ska with punk rock's uncompromising lyrics and brutal guitar chord (music)s resulted in a hybrid that slaked a thirst for a moshing groove, plenty of melody via the horns, and thoughtful, irreverent, or politically charged lyrics. The Two Tone movement pushed towards racial unity, and was symbolized by a black and white checkerboard pattern. ===Third Wave=== Beginning in the late 1980s and gaining popularity in the early 1990s, the third wave of ska moved across the Atlantic Ocean and became hugely popular in the United States. Combining elements of ska with rock, punk, and jazz, musicians of the third wave created a style of ska some say lost all of its Jamaican elements. Such a vast difference in sounds has created much debate between the ska and punk music communities as to the validity of the ska punk genre. Despite the differences in the actual sound of the genres, many of the tenets behind both genres are shared. Both genres often promote the ideas of peace, unity, tolerance, and the spirit of DIY (DIY) music. The most notable independent ska record label of the era was Moon Ska Records, based in New York City, New York and founded by the guitarist of The Toasters, Robert 'Bucket' Hingley. This independent label epitomized the idea of DIY. Some of the most popular and long lasting third wave ska bands include The Mighty Mighty Bosstones, Reel Big Fish, Catch 22 (band), No Doubt, and Sublime. While chronologically, bands like The Slackers, Pressure Cooker, Let's Go Bowling, and Hepcat can be classified as third wave groups, their sound is much more similar to that of the first wave. Their music is influenced by or strongly resembles the ska of 1960s Jamaica. The third wave of ska is also comprised of a number of Christianity ska bands. It would not be accurate to describe Christian ska as being its own wave (as is often done), as it does not differ significantly in geography, occurrence in time, or overall sound. Two of the more popular and recognized Christian ska bands are Five Iron Frenzy and The OC Supertones who often wrote songs about life from a Christian perspective. == Ska Musicians of Note == ''This list is very short, including only the groups listed in this article. For a more complete list, see :Category:Ska groups.'' ===First Wave=== *Prince Buster *The Skatalites *The Wailers *Desmond Dekker *Toots and the Maytals ===Second Wave=== *The_Beat_(band) *The Selecter *The Specials *Bad Manners *The Toasters ===Third Wave=== *The Toasters *Big D and the Kids Table *Bim Skala Bim *Catch 22 (band) *Dance Hall Crashers *Hepcat *Less Than Jake *Let's Go Bowling *The Mighty Mighty Bosstones *Mustard Plug *Reel Big Fish *Streetlight Manifesto *Suburban Legends *The Slackers *Save Ferris *Mu330 *Link 80 *Buck-O-Nine *Fishbone *Rancid *Operation Ivy (band) *The Planet Smashers *Ska-P *Skankin' Pickle ==Further reference== *Timothy White, ''Catch a Fire: The Life of Bob Marley'', UK:Corgi Books, 1983 ==External links== *Lyrics: **[http://lyric.uuxfer.net The Ska Lyric Archive - The most complete reference for ska lyrics] **[http://www.skaponk.com Skaponk - A wide database of ska and punk lyrics] **[http://www.jamaicalyrics.com.ar/index.php?mod=search Jamaica Lyrics - Ska Lyrics] *[http://www.potentbrew.com/skaregdu.html The Origins of Ska, Reggae, and Dub Music] *[http://www.bluejuice.dhs.org/skareggae/Boogie.php The Untold Story of Jamaican Popular Music] by Lloyd Dewar *[http://web.fccj.edu/~ivanhoof/ska/ The History of Ska Music] by Ian Vanhoof *[http://ska.about.com Ska.About.Com] Semi-Active Ska Community *[http://edwardsbuzzer.com Edward's Buzzer] website *[http://www.skahoo.com Skahoo] Ska International Search Engine *[http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~jboo/ska/ska.html Ska for the Skeptical] *[http://www.ska-times.de ska-times] ska agenda international, concerts, festivals, blue dances and more *[http://www.live365.com/stations/wannabepunk2 Ska, Punk & Other Junk – Online Ska Radio Station that features Ska and Ska-influenced styles] *[http://www.faqs.org/faqs/music/ska-faq/ Ska FAQ] *[http://www.skapalace.4t.com Ska Palace – includes list of ska bands, reviews] Ska Jamaican styles of music ms:Ska

Ska

What a lot of jerking around I just did between scat singing, mouth music, ska, and skat. Please see the relevant talk pages for further notes on what I have done, but basically I thought there was a lot of excellent information, links, history, etc, that was not quite in the right places, so I moved it. I hope I haven't trodden too hard on anyone's toes, but it seemed worth the effort to me, and remember, it can always be reverted, although I'd suggest yelling at me ikn the various talk pages first. User:Ortolan88 04:35 Dec 30, 2002 (UTC) ---- I removed the patently false claim that ska was the first jamaican music. There were natives there for centures before recorded history, and they surely had music, and the article itself later mentioned mento, a tradition folk music that predates ska by decades. I also removed this because it was out of place and I couldn't quite understand it. Something very similar could be appropriate, but I just didn't get this: :It is reported that the phrase "Skavoovie" was a greeting used by "Clue J," whenever greeting the Skatalites and Coxsone Dodd. Cluett Johnson, better known as Clue J, or "Clue J. Johnson" was the bassist and leader of "Clue J and the Blues Blasters." He lead that late 1950s Jamaican musical group. That music group spawned some of the greatest musicians of the ska era (1962-1966). User:TUF-KAT 07:17 17 May 2003 (UTC) ---- I guess I'm having some problems with this... why do people insist on referring to the Wailers (the original name of the band) as ''Bob Marley AND the Wailers''? Equally frustrating is the fact that ''the Wailers'' redirects to ''Bob Marley''. I guess we've forgotten about Peter Tosh and Bunny Livingston. User:Vudujava 16:05, 7 Oct 2003 (UTC) ---- Is Sublime (band) an important 90's ska band? Should it be included as an example? ska is the best third wave ska band ever, it should be mentioned. Whenever I go to a poster site or whatever and do the generic search of "ska", Sublime is one or two bands that usually shows up. I'd say it's pretty well known to include. I'm not so sure about most of these other bands under the Third Wave Ska category, though. Half of them don't even have pages. If we're going to include them, they should be or have done something worthy of note. Just because a band 'brings the mosh' or 'rocks hardcore' is no reason to include it in an encyclopedic article. Which of these can we dump to shorten the list? User:Specialkay985 14:05, Apr 19, 2005 (UTC) ---- I never like seeing See Also sections in an entry. Is there some place we can include these references in the article's main body? Some of the links in the list are also linked elsewhere (e.g., skinhead, Jamaica). Can these be removed entirely? User:Specialkay985 04:10, Apr 19, 2005 (UTC) ---- I changed around this page, hardly deleted anything, just rearranged sections under headings so that the different waves could be easily seen and separate. user:Falcolombardi87 ---- I agree that the 'See Also' section could be removed and the links put somewhere else in the article. It might also be worthwhile to remove the 'Ska Musicians of Note' section and add all the bands to the ska groups category - Category:Ska groups.user:Falcolombardi87 I removed the ''See Also'' section as every link contained within was somewhere else on the page. I don't mind adding all the "Musicians of Note" to the category page, but I am unclear on how to do so. User:Specialkay985 21:38, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC) ---- OK cool, editing categories is quite easy. At the moment there is a category called Ska groups which holds a few ska bands and a sub category for third wave ska groups (It might be worthwhile to add subcategories for first wave and second wave bands, but then that wouldn't leave any bands in the ska groups category if you see what I mean). To access it just search for Category:Ska groups. To add a page/band to a category just add a phrase like this at the bottom of the band page using the edit section: Ska groups will add the page/band to the Ska groups category while putting Third wave ska groups at the bottom will add the page/band to the third wave subcategory. The category link will appear at the bottom after saving the page, but not in preview. To create a subcategory you must create a category page by creating a page as normal (Category pages always start with Category: then the page name) or by adding a category phrase at the bottom of a band page which I think should automatically create the category. Then edit the page and put the phrase Ska groups and this will create a subcategory within Ska groups. In this way you can create a network of categories. Hope this explains, I know it's long winded. user:Falcolombardi87 16:37, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC) ---- I've created three more categories for 1st, second and fourth wave. I suppose it's up to people to put the relevant bands in the correct categories then they can be removed from the ska page and a link created maybe.user:Falcolombardi87 17:08, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC) I've gone through both the first and second wave lists, adding the category tag to any group that actually had a page. I will rest up before I do the third wave pages, so I can plow through the utter monotony in one fell swoop. As for editing the lists once all the categorization is done, I think the best thing to do would be list all artists listed on the page under each wave's heading, and include a link to a "more complete listing" on the category page, where people can throw on all the bands they wish. User:Specialkay985 21:08, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC) Ok, cool. user:falcolombardi87 == Fourth Wave? == I don't think Christian ska qualifies as a Fourth Wave. Besides the fact that Christian is a lyrical and not a musical classification (there are Christian bands covering all genres, not only or primarily ska), it's nowhere near widespread enough to warrant it being labeled the "Fourth Wave". Each wave of ska, as I see it, is accompanied by a substantial change in the musical style coupled with a boom in popularity. Since neither of these have happened with Christian ska, or at all since the Third Wave, I think the Fourth Wave section should be removed. I can agree with that. User:Specialkay985 04:31, Apr 28, 2005 (UTC) Yeah, I know what you mean. I think it should at least be given a mention though, even if it's just 1 or 2 sentences - some recognize it as a wave, and the article should be representative of all things ska. You could remove the heading and just fit it in somewhere.user:Falcolombardi87 19:49, Apr 28, 2005 (UTC) I like the changes that have been made regarding Christian ska. But I took out a sentence that didn't describe the subject accurately and added a few words on Five Iron Frenzy. user:Falcolombardi87 14:25, Apr 30, 2005 (UTC)

Ska

Jamaican styles of music

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S

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Words begining with Ska:

SKA
Ska
Ska
Ska
Ska-Core
Ska-core
Ska-Core,_The_Devil,_and_More
Ska-Core,_The_Devil,_and_More
Ska-P
Ska-P
Ska-p
Ska-p
Skaansk
Skaanska
Skaara
Skaarj
Skaarj
Skabourding
Skabra
Skacore
SkaDaddyZ
SkaDaddyZ
Skadar
Skadar_Lake
Skadden,_Arps
Skadden,_Arps,_Slate,_Meagher_&_Flom
Skadden,_Arps,_Slate,_Meagher_&_Flom_LLP
Skadden,_Arps_et_al
Skade
Skaden
Skadi
Ska�i
Skadi_(moon)
Skaerbaek
Skaevinge
Skaffman
Skaftafell_National_Park
Skag
Skagafj�r�ur_Municipality
Skagarans
Skagen
Skagen
Skagen_Township,_Minnesota
Skagen_Township,_MN
Skagerak
Skagerak_international_school
Skagerak_international_schoool
Skagerrak
Skagerrak
Skagit
Skagit_County
Skagit_County,_WA
Skagit_County,_Washington
Skagit_County,_Washington
Skagit_County,_Washington
Skagit_River
Skagit_Valley
Skagull
Skagul_Toste
Skagway
Skagway,_AK
Skagway,_Alaska
Skagway,_Alaska
Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon_Census_Area
Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon_Census_Area,_AK
Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon_Census_Area,_Alaska
Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon_Census_Area,_Alaska
Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon_Census_Area,_Alaska
Skaha_Bluffs
Skajake
Skal
Skal
Skal/Catharsis
Skala
Skald
Skald
Skaldic_poems
Skaldic_Poetry
Skaldic_poetry
SkaldSircha
Skaldskaparmal
Sk�ldskaparm�l
Skald_(disambiguation)
Skald_(poet)
Skald_(poet)
Skald_(publisher)
Skale_Tracker
Sk�lholt
Skalla-Grimr
Skalla-Grimr
Skalli
Skalman
Skalnate_Pleso
Skalnat�_Pleso
Skalnate_Pleso_Observatory
Skalnat�_Pleso_Observatory
Skamander
Skamandros
Skamania_County
Skamania_County,_WA
Skamania_County,_Washington
Skamania_County,_Washington
Skamania_County,_Washington
Skamasutra
Skamasutra
Skam_Records
Skan
Skan
Skanawan
Skanawan,_WI
Skanawan,_Wisconsin
Skanda
Skandagupta
Skanda_(Bodhisattva)
Skanderbeg
Skanderbeg
Skanderborg
Skanderborg_Festival
Skanderborg_municipality
Skandha
Skandha
Skandhas
Skandhas
Skandia
Skandiabanken
Skandia_Township,_MI
Skandia_Township,_Michigan
Skandia_Township,_Minnesota
Skandia_Township,_MN
Skandinaviska_Banken
Skandinaviska_Enskilda_Banken
Skandinaviska_Enskilda_Banken
Skandor_Akbar
Skandranon
Skane
Skaneateles
Skaneateles,_(town)_New_York
Skaneateles,_New_York
Skaneateles_(town),_New_York
Skaneateles_(town),_Onondaga_County,_New_York
Skaneateles_(village),_New_York
Skaneateles_(village),_Onondaga_County,_New_York
Skaneateles_Lake
Skaneateles_Turnpike
Skane_County
Skane_Regional_Council
Skane_Township,_Minnesota
Skane_Township,_MN
Skanger
Skania
SKanitz
Skank
Skank
Skanked
Skankfest
Skankfest
Skankin'_Pickle
Skankin'_Pickle
Skanking
Skanks_for_the_Memories
Skanky
Skank_(band)
Skansen
Skansk
Skanska
Skanska
Skan�r_(etymology)
Skaoi
Skaos
Skapara
Skapo
Skara
Skaraborg
Skaraborg
Skaraborgs_l�n
Skaraborg_County
Skaramaga
Skaramagas
Skaramagkas
Skaramanga
Skaramangas
Skara_Brae
Skara_Municipality
SkArcher
SkArcher
SkArcher/sandbox
Skardu
Skarffe
Skarg
Skarhamn
Skarloey
Skarloey
Skarloey_Railway
Skarmory
Skarn
Skaro
Skaro
Skaroe
Skarpn�ck_borough
Skarstein
Skarsterlân
Skarsterlan
Skarsterl�n
Skarzysko-Kamienna
Skar�
Skasaher
Skat
Skat
Skatalites
Skatboarding
Skate
Skate
Skate
Skate-park
Skatebiker
Skatebiker
Skateboard
Skateboard
Skateboarder
Skateboarder
Skateboarders
Skateboarders_by_nationality
Skateboarding
Skateboarding
Skateboarding
Skateboarding-stub
Skateboarding_companies
Skateboarding_Slang
Skateboarding_slang
Skateboarding_stubs
Skateboarding_trick
Skateboarding_trick
Skateboarding_tricks
Skateboarding_tricks
Skateboards
Skateboards
Skateboard_bearing
Skateboard_rider
Skateboard_trick
Skateboard_tricks
Skatehorn
Skatehorn
Skatejunkie
Skatepark
Skateparks
Skateparks
Skatepark_of_Tampa
Skatepark_of_tampa
Skateplank
Skater
Skatershq
Skater_punk
Skates
Skate_(fish)
Skate_boards
Skate_class_submarine
Skate_class_submarine
Skate_class_submarine
Skate_class_submarines
Skate_Lad
Skate_light_fighter
Skate_Or_Die
Skate_or_Die
Skate_or_Die!
Skate_park
Skate_parks
Skate_punk
Skate_punk
Skate_rock
Skate_shoe
Skate_shoes
Skathi
Skathi_(moon)
Skathi_(moon)
Skating
Skating
Skating_at_the_1988_Winter_Olympics
Skating_rink
Skatole
Skatopia
Skat_(card_game)
Skat_(star)
Skat_singing
Skauch
Skaukatt
Skaun
Skaveman_City
Skaveman_Wiki
Skaveman_Wiki
Skaven
Skavoovee
Skavoovee
Skawave
Skawina
Skayde
Skaz
Skazi
SKAZNBOI
Ska_albums
Ska_band
Ska_groups
Ska_Maria_Pastora
Ska_music
Ska_Punk
Ska_punk
Ska_punk