
Sicily (''Sicilia'' in Italian language) is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 25,700 sq. km and 5 million inhabitants. ==Towns and Cities== Sicily's principal cities include the regional capital Palermo, together with the other provincial capitals Catania, Messina, Italy, Syracuse, Italy (''Siracusa'' in Italian), Trapani, Enna, Caltanissetta, Agrigento, Ragusa, Italy. Other famous Sicilian towns include Cefalù, Taormina, Bronte, Sicily, Marsala, Corleone, Castellammare del Golfo Francavilla di Sicilia, and Abacaenum (now Tripi). The regional flag is divided diagonally yellow over red, with the ''trinacria'' symbol in the center. ==Geography== The volcano Mount_Etna, is situated close to Catania. Etna is 3,320 m (10,900 ft) high, making it the tallest volcano in Europe. It is also one of the world's most active volcanos. The Aeolian Islands islands to the north are administratively a part of Sicily, as are the Aegadian Islands to the west, Ustica Island to the north-west, and the Pelagian Islands to the south-west. Sicily has been noted for two millennia as a grain-producing territory: Olive and wine are among its other agricultural products. The mines of the Caltanissetta district became a leading sulphur-producing area in the 1800s, but have declined since the 1950s. ==Transport== Vehicles A network of motorways crosses the island, much of it raised on columns due to the mountainous terrain. Train Sicily is connected to the Italian peninsula by the national railway company, Trenitalia, though trains are loaded onto ferries for the crossing from the mainland. Officially, the Stretto di Messina, S.p.A. insists that construction is scheduled to commence in 2005 on the world's longest suspension bridge, The Strait of Messina Bridge Project. If and when completed, it will mark the first time in history that Sicily has been connected by a land link to Italy. Air Sicily is served by national and international flights (mainly European) from to Palermo International Airport and Catania-Fontanarossa Airport. There are also minor national airports in Trapani and the smaller islands of Pantelleria and Lampedusa. ==Arts== [[Image:Jacob Philipp Hackert 006.jpg|thumb|Landscape with temple ruins on Sicily, Jacob Philipp Hackert, 1778.]] Sicily is well known as a country of art: many poets and writers were born on this island, starting from the Sicilian School in the early 13th century, which inspired much subsequent Italian poetry and created the first Italian standard. The most famous, however, are Luigi Pirandello, Giovanni Verga, Salvatore Quasimodo, Gesualdo Bufalino and the dialectal poet Ignazio Buttitta. Other Sicilian artists include the composers Sigismondo d'India (from Palermo), Vincenzo Bellini (from Catania), as well as the sculpture Tommaso Geraci. Noto and Ragusa contain some of Italy's best examples of Baroque architecture, carved in the local red sandstone. Caltagirone is renowned for its decorative ceramics. Palermo is also a major center of Italian opera. Its Teatro Massimo is the largest opera house in Italy and the third largest in the world, seating 1400. Sicily is also home to two prominent folk art traditions, both of which draw heavily on the island's norman people influence. Donkey carts are painted with intricate decorations of scenes from the Norman romantic poems, such as The Song of Roland. The same tales are told in traditional puppet theatres which feature hand-made wooden marionettes. The 1988 movie ''Cinema Paradiso'' was about life in a Sicilian town following the World War II. ==History== The autochthonous peoples of Sicily, long absorbed into the population, were tribes known to Greek writers as the Elymians, the Sicani and the Siculi or Siceli. Of these, the last were clearly the latest to arrive in the island and were related to other tribes of southern Italy, such as the ''Italoi'' of Calabria, the Oenotrians, the Choni, the Opicans, and the Ausonians. Sicily was colonized by Phoenicians and Punic settlers from Carthage and by Greeces, starting in the 8th century BC. The most important colony was established at Syracuse, Italy in 734 BC. Other important Greek colonies were Gela, Agrigentum, Selinunte, Himera, and Zancle or Messene (modern-day Messina, not to be confused with the ancient city of Messene in Messenia, Greece). These city states were an important part of classical Greek civilization, which included Sicily as part of Magna Graecia - both Empedocles and Archimedes were from Sicily. Sicilian politics was intertwined with politics in Greece itself, leading Athens, for example, mount the disastrous Sicilian Expedition during the Peloponnesian War. The Greeks came into conflict with the Punic trading communities with ties to Carthage, which was on the African mainland not far from the southwest corner of the island, and had its own colonies on Sicily. Palermo was a Carthaginian city, founded in the 8th century BC, named Zis or Sis ("Panormos" to the Greeks). Hundreds of Phoenician and Carthaginian grave sites have been found in necropoli over a large area of Palermo, now built over, south of the Norman palace, where the Norman kings had a vast park. In the far west, Lilybaeum (now Marsala) never was thoroughly Hellenized. In the Carthage#First Sicilian War and Carthage#Second Sicilian War, Carthage was in control of all but the eastern part of Sicily, which was dominated by Syracuse. In the 3rd century BC the Carthage#The Messanan Crisis motivated the intervention of the Roman Republic into Sicilian affairs, and led to the First Punic War between Rome and Carthage. By the end of war (242 BC) all Sicily was in Roman hands. The initial success of the Carthaginians during the Second Punic War encouraged many of the Sicilian cities to revolt against Roman rule. Rome sent troops to put down the rebellions (it was during the siege of Syracuse that Archimedes was killed). Carthage briefly took control of parts of Sicily, but in the end was driven off. Many Carthaginian sympathizers were killed-- in 210 BC the Roman consul M. Valerian told the Roman Senate that "no Carthaginian remains in Sicily". For the next 6 centuries Sicily was a province of the Roman Empire. It was something of a rural backwater, important chiefly for its grainfields which were a mainstay of the food supply of the city of Rome. The empire did not make much effort to Romanize the island, which remained largely Greek. The most notable event of this period was the notorious misgovernment of Verres. In AD 440 Sicily fell to the Vandal king Geiseric. A few decades later it came into Ostrogothic hands, where it remained until it was conquered by the Byzantine general Belisarius in 535. But a new Ostrogoth king, Totila, drove down the Italian peninsula and then plundered and conquered Sicily in 550. He in turn was defeated and killed by the Byzantine general Narses in 552. Sicily was then ruled by the Byzantine Empire until the Arab conquest of AD 827-965. For a brief period (662 - 668) during Byzantine rule Syracuse was the imperial capital, until Constans II was assassinated. The cultural diversity and religious tolerance of the period of Muslim rule continued under the Normans who conquered the island in 1060-1090 (raising its status to that of a kingdom in 1130), and the south German Hohenstaufen dynasty which ruled from 1194, adopting Palermo as its principal seat from 1220. Conflict between the Hohenstaufen house and the Papacy led in 1266 to Sicily's conquest by Charles I of Naples, duke of Anjou: opposition to French officialdom and taxation led in 1282 to insurrection (the Sicilian Vespers) and successful invasion by king Peter III of Aragon of Aragon. Ruled from 1479 by the kings of Spain, Sicily suffered a ferocious outbreak of plague (1656), followed by a damaging earthquake in the east of the island (1693). Periods of rule by the crown of Savoy (1713-1720) and then the Austrian Habsburgs gave way to union (1734) with the Bourbon house-ruled kingdom of Naples as the kingdom of the Two Sicilies. The scene in 1820 and 1848 of abortive revolutionary movements against Bourbon denial of constitutional government, Sicily was joined with the kingdom of Italy in 1860 following the expedition of Giuseppe Garibaldi. In 1894 labour agitation through the radical ''Fasci dei lavoratori'' led to the imposition of martial law. Despite some economic development in the half-century after Italian unification, Sicily was largely bypassed by the industrial growth which transformed the larger urban areas of northern Italy. The organised crime networks commonly known as the Mafia extended their influence in the late 19th century (and many of its operatives also emigrated to other countries, particularly the United States); partly suppressed under the Fascism regime beginning in the 1920s, they recovered following the World War II Allies Operation Husky. An autonomous region from 1946, Sicily benefited to some extent from the partial Italian land reform of 1950-1962 and special funding from the ''Cassa per il Mezzogiorno'', the Italian government's Fund for the South (1950-1984). The island returned to the headlines in 1992, however, when the assassination of two anti-mafia magistrates, Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino triggered a general upheaval in Italian political life. == Sicilian people == In the broadest sense of the term, Sicilians are those people who live in or whose ancestors lived in Sicily. Sicily has been long known as a "melting pot" of ancient cultures and peoples, and highly valued for its location. The inhabitants of the island are therefore descended from numerous peoples, mainly Greece, Italy, Phoenicia, Saracen and the pre-colonial indigenous peoples known as Sicans/Sicani (generally residing in the west of Sicily and possibly an Iberian Peninsula tribe), the Elymi, and the Sicels/Siculi (residing mostly in the eastern portion of the island and probably an Italic tribe). There is also the presence of Normans, Lombards, Provence, Catalonia and Spain blood in some Sicilians, due to either conquest of, or migration to, the island. A common presumption about the peopling of Sicily has been as follows: ::''Sicilians residing in the east, southeast, and northeast portions of the island are primarily of Greek (and probably Sicel) descent. Cities such as Syracuse (Sirakousa), Messina (Zankle), Agrigento (Akragas), and Taormina/Giardini-Naxos, were originally Greek settlements. In the southwest, west, and northwest of the island, the inhabitants are primarily of Phoenician/Arab and Sican descent. Cities such as Trapani and Palermo were Phoenician settlements.'' However, a recent genetic study ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=9686481&itool=iconabstr], ''Department of Biology, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Italy'')'' rejects ''the above assertions: ::''The genetic distance matrix used for identifying the main genetic barriers revealed no east-west differences within the island's population, at least at the provincial level. FST estimates proved that the population subdivision did not affect the pattern of gene frequency variation; this implies that Sicily is effectively one panmictic unit. The bulk of our results confirm the absence of genetic differentiation between eastern and western Sicilians, and thus we reject the hypothesis of the subdivision of an ancient population in two areas.'' The few Sicilians with Norman or Spanish blood are found mostly in the large northern cities such as Palermo and Cefalu. Sicilians of Lombard descent are to be found primarily in the centre and central-east of Sicily, in towns such as Piazza Amerina, Nicosia and Aidone, where a Gallic-Italic dialect is spoken to this day. There were also significant Lombard settlements in Randazzo and Paternó in the middle ages. San Fratello, in the Province of Messina, was the destination of a large contingent of mercenaries from Provence in the middle ages, and to this day, the San Fratellans speak a unique Provençal-Sicilian dialect. Sicilians are noted for having very dark and expressive eyes; "the eyes of Sicily". == Sicilian language == ''For main article: Sicilian language'' Many Sicilians are bilingual in both Italian language and Sicilian language, a separate Romance languages, descended from Vulgar Latin, with Greek language, Arabic language, French language, Provençal, German language, Catalan language and Spanish language influences. It is important to note that Sicilian is not a derivative of Italian. Although thought by some to be a dialect, ''Sicilianu'' is a distinct langauge, with a rich history and a sizeable vocabulary (at least 250,000 words), due to the influence of the different conquerors of, and settlers to, the island. Sicilian dialects are also spoken in the southern and central sections of the Italian regions Calabria (Calabrese) and Puglia (Salentino); and had a significant influence on the Maltese_language, which was a part of the Kingdom of Sicily (in its various forms) until the late 18th century. With the predominance of Italian language in Italian schools, the media, etc., Sicilian is no longer the first language of many Sicilians. Indeed, in urban centers in particular, one is more likely to hear standard Italian spoken rather than Sicilian, especially among the young. Sicilian generally uses the word ending for singular masculine nouns and adjectives, and for feminine. The plural is usually for both masculine and feminine. By contrast, in Italian masculine nouns and adjectives that end in in the singular pass to in the plural, while the feminine counterparts pass from to . The "-LL-" sound (in words of Latin origin, for example) manifests itself in Sicilian as a voiced retroflex plosive with the tip of the tongue curled up and back, a sound which is not part of Standard Italian. In Sicilian, this sound is written simply as "-dd-" although the sound itself is not but rather . For example, the Italian word bello is beddu in Sicilian. In numerous villages, the Arbëreshë dialect of the Albanian language has been spoken since a wave of refugees settled there in the 15th century. While it is spoken within the household, Italian is the official language and modern Greek is chanted in the local Byzantine liturgy. There are also several areas where dialects of the Lombard language of the Gallo-Italic family are spoken. Much of this population is also tri-lingual, being able to also speak one of the Sicilian dialects as well. ==Famous Sicilians== *Empedocles (c. 490 BC – 430 BC) - scientist and philosopher *Diodorus - historian *Gorgias (c. 483 BC -375 BC) - sophist, philosopher, and rhetorician *Archimedes (c. 287 BC-212 BC) - scientist *Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (1194-1250) - Holy Roman Emperor and King of Sicily (Frederick I of Sicily) *Vincenzo Bellini (1801-1835) - opera composer *Giovanni Verga (1840-1922) - novelist *Luigi Pirandello (1867-1936) - dramatist *Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa (1896-1957) - writer, poet *Giovanni Falcone (1939-1992) - judge *Maria Grazia Cucinotta (born 1969) - actress *Giovanni Meli - poet *Nino Martoglio - poet ==See also== * Sicilian language * Cuisine of Sicily * Monarchs of Naples and Sicily ==External links== * [http://www.regione.sicilia.it The official Sicily region website (in Italian)] * [http://sicilia.indettaglio.it A very large Sicily region website (both in Italian and English)] * [http://www.piazza-armerina.it Information about Casale] * [http://www.sicily-photos.com Sicily photos] * [http://www.isole-sicilia.it Sicilian Islands] Islands of Italy Sicily la:Sicilia scn:Sicilia
Eeh ... dobbiamo aggiungerci la parola minc***???? i think it's an essential word though... Can someone explain this interest in sicily, its places and mafia??? the other topics and regions concerning italy get much less attention here and i notice every time i write sth about the topics they get more text but e.g. topics about south america ecc get much much less interest? well it's positive but... weird user:Zisa :Bentornata Zisa, :come, niente Marsala? :-((( :Sicily is important for both, what it still contains and what it exported. In the second direction Sicily sent out really many people, that are now in some parts of the planet with the pride of coming from this (is)land and making some delicious work of "propaganda" :-) I am sure that it will be a great pleasure to hear you too, while describing your island. Am I wrong? :-))) :Also, Sicilians are well known in the sites of their emigration maybe in western world very few people never met a Sicilian in their life. Just think of the italian communities abroad, and their percentage. :About mafia, that in practice regards only a "minor minority" of sicilians abroad (and offends the others), it has often been rendered in a spectacular way, i.e. in cinema (isn't there at least one film each year about it?), so perhaps one could expect to find who knows what in this phenomenon. Characteristic aspects, the rural mafia with ''coppola'', the "folkloristic happening" seem to be over. I hope this macabre curiosity is not in Wikipedia's articles. If you find it, just delete it. Help informing, instead. :We shouldn't forget, instead, that it is a marvellous place with plenty of ancient culture, art, history, traditions, a variety of other values that make it a ''quintessenza'' of Mediterranean sea. :Why weird? Just because of mafia? I'm sure the interest is not in that element, not at all, and I trust our non-italian friends will confirm us. :Ciao - user:Gianfranco (who hopes to re-visit Sicily soon) ok, it's positive. though the people of the (is)land are not just sunshine and the mafia .. never mind. if still using the old streotype every sicilian = mafioso, statistically (mafiosi / inhabitants) it would be far more true to say that all the swedish people are black... no it's not a paradise and well yes there is the sun ... but in the north italy one earns 3 times more. and has water every day. or ok; we could take an othr example of the places from where people emigrate. argentina. a lot of people emigrate back to where their grandparents were from; italy, spain etc. and still no one adds anything on the page of argentina. all the ones of sicilian ancestry are proud to be that, but why i dont see such argentinians..? or if the grandparents were e.g. sicilian or spanish, the person still identifies himself rather with that place than being from argentina. neither an article of astor piazzolla; and he is more famous abroad (italy, us ecc) than in argentina i guess. or then, why the other regions, such as lonbardy, don't get anything ...? ciao user:Zisa The map seems wrong, it highlights Sardinia instead of Sicily...
Regions of Italy scn:Category:Sicilia
{| width="100%"; style="margin:0 auto; background: #EFEFEF" align=center id=toc
|align=center style="background: #CCCCFF"| Europe | Italy | Sicily (''Sicilia'')
|-
|align="center" style="font-size: 100%; " | Province of Agrigento | Province of Caltanissetta | Province of Catania | Province of Enna | Province of Messina | Province of Palermo | Province of Ragusa | Province of Syracuse (''Siracusa'') | Province of Trapani
|}
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Sicily
Sicily (''Sicilia'' in Italian language) is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 25,700 sq. km and 5 million inhabitants. ==Towns and Cities== Sicily's principal cities include the regional capital Palermo, together with the other provincial capitals Catania, Messina, Italy, Syracuse, Italy (''Siracusa'' in Italian), Trapani, Enna, Caltanissetta, Agrigento, Ragusa, Italy. Other famous Sicilian towns include Cefalù, Taormina, Bronte, Sicily, Marsala, Corleone, Castellammare del Golfo Francavilla di Sicilia, and Abacaenum (now Tripi). The regional flag is divided diagonally yellow over red, with the ''trinacria'' symbol in the center. ==Geography== The volcano Mount_Etna, is situated close to Catania. Etna is 3,320 m (10,900 ft) high, making it the tallest volcano in Europe. It is also one of the world's most active volcanos. The Aeolian Islands islands to the north are administratively a part of Sicily, as are the Aegadian Islands to the west, Ustica Island to the north-west, and the Pelagian Islands to the south-west. Sicily has been noted for two millennia as a grain-producing territory: Olive and wine are among its other agricultural products. The mines of the Caltanissetta district became a leading sulphur-producing area in the 1800s, but have declined since the 1950s. ==Transport== Vehicles A network of motorways crosses the island, much of it raised on columns due to the mountainous terrain. Train Sicily is connected to the Italian peninsula by the national railway company, Trenitalia, though trains are loaded onto ferries for the crossing from the mainland. Officially, the Stretto di Messina, S.p.A. insists that construction is scheduled to commence in 2005 on the world's longest suspension bridge, The Strait of Messina Bridge Project. If and when completed, it will mark the first time in history that Sicily has been connected by a land link to Italy. Air Sicily is served by national and international flights (mainly European) from to Palermo International Airport and Catania-Fontanarossa Airport. There are also minor national airports in Trapani and the smaller islands of Pantelleria and Lampedusa. ==Arts== [[Image:Jacob Philipp Hackert 006.jpg|thumb|Landscape with temple ruins on Sicily, Jacob Philipp Hackert, 1778.]] Sicily is well known as a country of art: many poets and writers were born on this island, starting from the Sicilian School in the early 13th century, which inspired much subsequent Italian poetry and created the first Italian standard. The most famous, however, are Luigi Pirandello, Giovanni Verga, Salvatore Quasimodo, Gesualdo Bufalino and the dialectal poet Ignazio Buttitta. Other Sicilian artists include the composers Sigismondo d'India (from Palermo), Vincenzo Bellini (from Catania), as well as the sculpture Tommaso Geraci. Noto and Ragusa contain some of Italy's best examples of Baroque architecture, carved in the local red sandstone. Caltagirone is renowned for its decorative ceramics. Palermo is also a major center of Italian opera. Its Teatro Massimo is the largest opera house in Italy and the third largest in the world, seating 1400. Sicily is also home to two prominent folk art traditions, both of which draw heavily on the island's norman people influence. Donkey carts are painted with intricate decorations of scenes from the Norman romantic poems, such as The Song of Roland. The same tales are told in traditional puppet theatres which feature hand-made wooden marionettes. The 1988 movie ''Cinema Paradiso'' was about life in a Sicilian town following the World War II. ==History== The autochthonous peoples of Sicily, long absorbed into the population, were tribes known to Greek writers as the Elymians, the Sicani and the Siculi or Siceli. Of these, the last were clearly the latest to arrive in the island and were related to other tribes of southern Italy, such as the ''Italoi'' of Calabria, the Oenotrians, the Choni, the Opicans, and the Ausonians. Sicily was colonized by Phoenicians and Punic settlers from Carthage and by Greeces, starting in the 8th century BC. The most important colony was established at Syracuse, Italy in 734 BC. Other important Greek colonies were Gela, Agrigentum, Selinunte, Himera, and Zancle or Messene (modern-day Messina, not to be confused with the ancient city of Messene in Messenia, Greece). These city states were an important part of classical Greek civilization, which included Sicily as part of Magna Graecia - both Empedocles and Archimedes were from Sicily. Sicilian politics was intertwined with politics in Greece itself, leading Athens, for example, mount the disastrous Sicilian Expedition during the Peloponnesian War. The Greeks came into conflict with the Punic trading communities with ties to Carthage, which was on the African mainland not far from the southwest corner of the island, and had its own colonies on Sicily. Palermo was a Carthaginian city, founded in the 8th century BC, named Zis or Sis ("Panormos" to the Greeks). Hundreds of Phoenician and Carthaginian grave sites have been found in necropoli over a large area of Palermo, now built over, south of the Norman palace, where the Norman kings had a vast park. In the far west, Lilybaeum (now Marsala) never was thoroughly Hellenized. In the Carthage#First Sicilian War and Carthage#Second Sicilian War, Carthage was in control of all but the eastern part of Sicily, which was dominated by Syracuse. In the 3rd century BC the Carthage#The Messanan Crisis motivated the intervention of the Roman Republic into Sicilian affairs, and led to the First Punic War between Rome and Carthage. By the end of war (242 BC) all Sicily was in Roman hands. The initial success of the Carthaginians during the Second Punic War encouraged many of the Sicilian cities to revolt against Roman rule. Rome sent troops to put down the rebellions (it was during the siege of Syracuse that Archimedes was killed). Carthage briefly took control of parts of Sicily, but in the end was driven off. Many Carthaginian sympathizers were killed-- in 210 BC the Roman consul M. Valerian told the Roman Senate that "no Carthaginian remains in Sicily". For the next 6 centuries Sicily was a province of the Roman Empire. It was something of a rural backwater, important chiefly for its grainfields which were a mainstay of the food supply of the city of Rome. The empire did not make much effort to Romanize the island, which remained largely Greek. The most notable event of this period was the notorious misgovernment of Verres. In AD 440 Sicily fell to the Vandal king Geiseric. A few decades later it came into Ostrogothic hands, where it remained until it was conquered by the Byzantine general Belisarius in 535. But a new Ostrogoth king, Totila, drove down the Italian peninsula and then plundered and conquered Sicily in 550. He in turn was defeated and killed by the Byzantine general Narses in 552. Sicily was then ruled by the Byzantine Empire until the Arab conquest of AD 827-965. For a brief period (662 - 668) during Byzantine rule Syracuse was the imperial capital, until Constans II was assassinated. The cultural diversity and religious tolerance of the period of Muslim rule continued under the Normans who conquered the island in 1060-1090 (raising its status to that of a kingdom in 1130), and the south German Hohenstaufen dynasty which ruled from 1194, adopting Palermo as its principal seat from 1220. Conflict between the Hohenstaufen house and the Papacy led in 1266 to Sicily's conquest by Charles I of Naples, duke of Anjou: opposition to French officialdom and taxation led in 1282 to insurrection (the Sicilian Vespers) and successful invasion by king Peter III of Aragon of Aragon. Ruled from 1479 by the kings of Spain, Sicily suffered a ferocious outbreak of plague (1656), followed by a damaging earthquake in the east of the island (1693). Periods of rule by the crown of Savoy (1713-1720) and then the Austrian Habsburgs gave way to union (1734) with the Bourbon house-ruled kingdom of Naples as the kingdom of the Two Sicilies. The scene in 1820 and 1848 of abortive revolutionary movements against Bourbon denial of constitutional government, Sicily was joined with the kingdom of Italy in 1860 following the expedition of Giuseppe Garibaldi. In 1894 labour agitation through the radical ''Fasci dei lavoratori'' led to the imposition of martial law. Despite some economic development in the half-century after Italian unification, Sicily was largely bypassed by the industrial growth which transformed the larger urban areas of northern Italy. The organised crime networks commonly known as the Mafia extended their influence in the late 19th century (and many of its operatives also emigrated to other countries, particularly the United States); partly suppressed under the Fascism regime beginning in the 1920s, they recovered following the World War II Allies Operation Husky. An autonomous region from 1946, Sicily benefited to some extent from the partial Italian land reform of 1950-1962 and special funding from the ''Cassa per il Mezzogiorno'', the Italian government's Fund for the South (1950-1984). The island returned to the headlines in 1992, however, when the assassination of two anti-mafia magistrates, Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino triggered a general upheaval in Italian political life. == Sicilian people == In the broadest sense of the term, Sicilians are those people who live in or whose ancestors lived in Sicily. Sicily has been long known as a "melting pot" of ancient cultures and peoples, and highly valued for its location. The inhabitants of the island are therefore descended from numerous peoples, mainly Greece, Italy, Phoenicia, Saracen and the pre-colonial indigenous peoples known as Sicans/Sicani (generally residing in the west of Sicily and possibly an Iberian Peninsula tribe), the Elymi, and the Sicels/Siculi (residing mostly in the eastern portion of the island and probably an Italic tribe). There is also the presence of Normans, Lombards, Provence, Catalonia and Spain blood in some Sicilians, due to either conquest of, or migration to, the island. A common presumption about the peopling of Sicily has been as follows: ::''Sicilians residing in the east, southeast, and northeast portions of the island are primarily of Greek (and probably Sicel) descent. Cities such as Syracuse (Sirakousa), Messina (Zankle), Agrigento (Akragas), and Taormina/Giardini-Naxos, were originally Greek settlements. In the southwest, west, and northwest of the island, the inhabitants are primarily of Phoenician/Arab and Sican descent. Cities such as Trapani and Palermo were Phoenician settlements.'' However, a recent genetic study ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=9686481&itool=iconabstr], ''Department of Biology, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Italy'')'' rejects ''the above assertions: ::''The genetic distance matrix used for identifying the main genetic barriers revealed no east-west differences within the island's population, at least at the provincial level. FST estimates proved that the population subdivision did not affect the pattern of gene frequency variation; this implies that Sicily is effectively one panmictic unit. The bulk of our results confirm the absence of genetic differentiation between eastern and western Sicilians, and thus we reject the hypothesis of the subdivision of an ancient population in two areas.'' The few Sicilians with Norman or Spanish blood are found mostly in the large northern cities such as Palermo and Cefalu. Sicilians of Lombard descent are to be found primarily in the centre and central-east of Sicily, in towns such as Piazza Amerina, Nicosia and Aidone, where a Gallic-Italic dialect is spoken to this day. There were also significant Lombard settlements in Randazzo and Paternó in the middle ages. San Fratello, in the Province of Messina, was the destination of a large contingent of mercenaries from Provence in the middle ages, and to this day, the San Fratellans speak a unique Provençal-Sicilian dialect. Sicilians are noted for having very dark and expressive eyes; "the eyes of Sicily". == Sicilian language == ''For main article: Sicilian language'' Many Sicilians are bilingual in both Italian language and Sicilian language, a separate Romance languages, descended from Vulgar Latin, with Greek language, Arabic language, French language, Provençal, German language, Catalan language and Spanish language influences. It is important to note that Sicilian is not a derivative of Italian. Although thought by some to be a dialect, ''Sicilianu'' is a distinct langauge, with a rich history and a sizeable vocabulary (at least 250,000 words), due to the influence of the different conquerors of, and settlers to, the island. Sicilian dialects are also spoken in the southern and central sections of the Italian regions Calabria (Calabrese) and Puglia (Salentino); and had a significant influence on the Maltese_language, which was a part of the Kingdom of Sicily (in its various forms) until the late 18th century. With the predominance of Italian language in Italian schools, the media, etc., Sicilian is no longer the first language of many Sicilians. Indeed, in urban centers in particular, one is more likely to hear standard Italian spoken rather than Sicilian, especially among the young. Sicilian generally uses the word ending for singular masculine nouns and adjectives, and for feminine. The plural is usually for both masculine and feminine. By contrast, in Italian masculine nouns and adjectives that end in in the singular pass to in the plural, while the feminine counterparts pass from to . The "-LL-" sound (in words of Latin origin, for example) manifests itself in Sicilian as a voiced retroflex plosive with the tip of the tongue curled up and back, a sound which is not part of Standard Italian. In Sicilian, this sound is written simply as "-dd-" although the sound itself is not but rather . For example, the Italian word bello is beddu in Sicilian. In numerous villages, the Arbëreshë dialect of the Albanian language has been spoken since a wave of refugees settled there in the 15th century. While it is spoken within the household, Italian is the official language and modern Greek is chanted in the local Byzantine liturgy. There are also several areas where dialects of the Lombard language of the Gallo-Italic family are spoken. Much of this population is also tri-lingual, being able to also speak one of the Sicilian dialects as well. ==Famous Sicilians== *Empedocles (c. 490 BC – 430 BC) - scientist and philosopher *Diodorus - historian *Gorgias (c. 483 BC -375 BC) - sophist, philosopher, and rhetorician *Archimedes (c. 287 BC-212 BC) - scientist *Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (1194-1250) - Holy Roman Emperor and King of Sicily (Frederick I of Sicily) *Vincenzo Bellini (1801-1835) - opera composer *Giovanni Verga (1840-1922) - novelist *Luigi Pirandello (1867-1936) - dramatist *Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa (1896-1957) - writer, poet *Giovanni Falcone (1939-1992) - judge *Maria Grazia Cucinotta (born 1969) - actress *Giovanni Meli - poet *Nino Martoglio - poet ==See also== * Sicilian language * Cuisine of Sicily * Monarchs of Naples and Sicily ==External links== * [http://www.regione.sicilia.it The official Sicily region website (in Italian)] * [http://sicilia.indettaglio.it A very large Sicily region website (both in Italian and English)] * [http://www.piazza-armerina.it Information about Casale] * [http://www.sicily-photos.com Sicily photos] * [http://www.isole-sicilia.it Sicilian Islands] Islands of Italy Sicily la:Sicilia scn:Sicilia
Sicily
Eeh ... dobbiamo aggiungerci la parola minc***???? i think it's an essential word though... Can someone explain this interest in sicily, its places and mafia??? the other topics and regions concerning italy get much less attention here and i notice every time i write sth about the topics they get more text but e.g. topics about south america ecc get much much less interest? well it's positive but... weird user:Zisa :Bentornata Zisa, :come, niente Marsala? :-((( :Sicily is important for both, what it still contains and what it exported. In the second direction Sicily sent out really many people, that are now in some parts of the planet with the pride of coming from this (is)land and making some delicious work of "propaganda" :-) I am sure that it will be a great pleasure to hear you too, while describing your island. Am I wrong? :-))) :Also, Sicilians are well known in the sites of their emigration maybe in western world very few people never met a Sicilian in their life. Just think of the italian communities abroad, and their percentage. :About mafia, that in practice regards only a "minor minority" of sicilians abroad (and offends the others), it has often been rendered in a spectacular way, i.e. in cinema (isn't there at least one film each year about it?), so perhaps one could expect to find who knows what in this phenomenon. Characteristic aspects, the rural mafia with ''coppola'', the "folkloristic happening" seem to be over. I hope this macabre curiosity is not in Wikipedia's articles. If you find it, just delete it. Help informing, instead. :We shouldn't forget, instead, that it is a marvellous place with plenty of ancient culture, art, history, traditions, a variety of other values that make it a ''quintessenza'' of Mediterranean sea. :Why weird? Just because of mafia? I'm sure the interest is not in that element, not at all, and I trust our non-italian friends will confirm us. :Ciao - user:Gianfranco (who hopes to re-visit Sicily soon) ok, it's positive. though the people of the (is)land are not just sunshine and the mafia .. never mind. if still using the old streotype every sicilian = mafioso, statistically (mafiosi / inhabitants) it would be far more true to say that all the swedish people are black... no it's not a paradise and well yes there is the sun ... but in the north italy one earns 3 times more. and has water every day. or ok; we could take an othr example of the places from where people emigrate. argentina. a lot of people emigrate back to where their grandparents were from; italy, spain etc. and still no one adds anything on the page of argentina. all the ones of sicilian ancestry are proud to be that, but why i dont see such argentinians..? or if the grandparents were e.g. sicilian or spanish, the person still identifies himself rather with that place than being from argentina. neither an article of astor piazzolla; and he is more famous abroad (italy, us ecc) than in argentina i guess. or then, why the other regions, such as lonbardy, don't get anything ...? ciao user:Zisa The map seems wrong, it highlights Sardinia instead of Sicily...
Sicily
Regions of Italy scn:Category:Sicilia
Sicily
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
S
SB | SC | SD | SE | SF | SG | SH | SI | SJ | SK | SL | SM | SN | SO | SP | SR | SS | ST | SU | SW | SX | SY | SZ |Words begining with Sicily:
Sicily
Sicily
Sicily
Sicily
Sicily_Bridge
Sicily_Campaign
Sicily_Island,_LA
Sicily_Island,_Louisiana
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