
The Second Polish Republic is an unofficial name applied to the Republic of Poland between World War I and World War II. When the borders of the state were fixed in 1921, it had an area of 388.6 thousand sq. km. (sixth largest in Europe), and 27.2 million inhabitants according to the census of that year. In 1939, just before the outbreak of World War II, it had an estimated 35.1 million inhabitants. A third of these were national minorities (10% Jews, 17% Ukraine and Belarus, 5% Germany, and 1% percent Lithuanians, Russians and Czech Republic). ==History== Occupied by Germany and Austria-Hungary armies in the summer of 1915, the formerly Russian-ruled part of Poland was proclaimed an independent kingdom by the occupying powers on November 5, 1916, with a governing Council of State and (from October 15, 1917) a Regency Council (''Rada Regencyjna Królestwa Polskiego'') to administer the country under German auspices pending the election of a king. Shortly before the end of World War I, on October 7, 1918, the Regency Council dissolved the Council of State and announced its intention to restore Polish independence. With the notable exception of the Marxism-oriented Social Democratic Party of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania (SDKPiL), most political parties supported this move. On October 23 the Council appointed a new government under Józef Swierzynski and began conscription into the Polish Army. On November 5, in Lublin, the first Soviet of Delegates was created. On November 6 the Communism announced the creation of a Republic of Tarnobrzeg. The same day, a Provisional People's Government of the Republic of Poland was created under the Socialist, Ignacy Daszynski. Elections to the Sejm: January 26, 1919. On November 10, Jozef Pilsudski, newly freed from imprisonment by the German authorities at Magdeburg, returned to Warsaw. Next day, due to his popularity and support from most political parties, the Regency Council appointed Piłsudski Commander in Chief of the Polish Armed Forces. On November 14 the Council dissolved itself and transferred all its authority to Piłsudski as Chief of State (''Naczelnik Państwa''). Battle_of_Warsaw_(1920).">Image:Polish-soviet_war_1920_Aftermath_of_Battle_of_Warsaw.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Polish soldiers displaying captured Soviet battle flags after the Battle of Warsaw (1920). Centers of government that were created in Galicia (Central Europe) (formerly Austrian-ruled southern Poland) included a National Council of the Principality of Cieszyn (created on November 19) and a Polish Liquidation Committee (created on October 28). Soon afterward, conflict broke out in Lviv (Polish ''Lwów'') between forces of the Military Committee of Ukrainians and the Polish \"Eagles\" of Lwów. After consultation with Pilsudski, Daszynski's government dissolved itself and a new government was created under Jedrzej Moraczewski. Treaty of Versailles [[Image:Armoured_Car_Korfanty_1920.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Polish armoured car ''Korfanty'' in 1920 in the Silesian Uprisings]] War against the Ukrainians: Polish-Ukrainian War. War against the Soviets: Polish-Soviet War. Miracle of the Vistula. Treaty of Riga. War against the Lithuanians: Polish-Lithuanian War. Border conflicts between Poland and Czechoslovakia. Uprisings in Wielkopolska and Silesia. Great Poland Uprising, Silesian Uprisings. July 15, 1920 - Agrarian Reform. March 17, 1921 - March Constitution. 1921 - alliances with France, Romania. Election to Sejm and Senat - November 1922. [[Image:Pilsudzki_timecover_june07_1926.jpg|150|thumb|right|Piłsudski on the cover of TIME magazine, June 7, 1926 in the aftermath of his May Coup]] President Gabriel Narutowicz, and his assassination (December 16, 1922). 1924 - Wladyslaw Grabski Government. Bank Polski. Monetary reform. President Wojciechowski - December 20, 1922, to Zamach majowy. Coup of May - ''Zamach majowy'', 1926, May, Józef Piłsudski coup d'etat (May Coup). beginning of Sanacja government. Roman Dmowski, Obóz Wielkiej Polski (4 December 1926), Endecja. [[Image:Rydz_Smigly_Bulawa1.jpg|100px|right|thumb|Edward Rydz-Smigly receiving the Marshal bulawa from president of Poland Ignacy Moscicki. November 10, 1936, Warsaw.]] 16 November 1930 - wybory brzeskie (elections 25 July 1932 - non-aggression pact with Soviet Union 26 January 1934 - non-violence ? pact with Germany 14 April 1934 - Obóz Narodowo-Radykalny 23 April 1935 - April Constitution 12 May 1935 - death of Józef Piłsudski [[Image:WWII Poland Invasion 1939-09-01.jpg|thumb|left|200px|German soldiers destroying Polish border checkpoint on 1 September. Second World War begins.]] Gdynia, Centralny Okreg Przemyslowy (1936), Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski 2 February 1937 - Obóz Zjednoczenia Narodowego 2 January 1939 - death of Roman Dmowski 31 March 1939 - military guarantees from United Kingdom and France 23 August 1939 - allience between Soviet Union and Germany: Ribbentrop-Molotow Pact 25 August 1939 - alliance between Poland and United Kingdom Polish September Campaign - the beginning of the Second World War and end of the Second Polish Republic. succeeded by Polish Government in Exile. == Politics and government == == Economy == == Culture == == Geography and demographics == {||style="empty-cells: show; border: solid 1px;border-collapse:collapse;text-align:center;" border=1 width="500px" |----- bgcolor="#efefef" | colspan=6 align="center" | Polish voivodships in the interbellum
(data as per April 1, 1937) |- style="background:#efefef" align="center" ! car plates
(since 1937) ! Voivodship
Separate city ! Capital ! Area
in 1000 km² (1930) ! Population
in 1000 (1931) |- | 00-19 | align="left"| City of Warsaw | align="left"| Warsaw | 0,14 | 1179,5 |- | 85-89 | align="left"| Warsaw Voivodship | align="left"| Warsaw | 31,7 | 2460,9 |- | 20-24 | align="left"| Bialystok Voivodship | align="left"| Bialystok | 26,0 | 1263,3 |- | 25-29 | align="left"| Kielce Voivodship | align="left"| Kielce | 22,2 | 2671,0 |- | 30-34 | align="left"| Kraków Voivodship | align="left"| Kraków | 17,6 | 2300,1 |- | 35-39 | align="left"| Lublin Voivodship | align="left"| Lublin | 26,6 | 2116,2 |- | 40-44 | align="left"| Lwów Voivodship | align="left"| Lwów | 28,4 | 3126,3 |- | 45-49 | align="left"| Lodz Voivodship | align="left"| Lodz | 20,4 | 2650,1 |- | 50-54 | align="left"| Nowogródek Voivodship | align="left"| Nowogródek | 23,0 | 1057,2 |- | 55-59 | align="left"| Polesie Voivodship | align="left"| Brest-Litovsk | 36,7 | 1132,2 |- | 60-64 | align="left"| Pomeranian Voivodship | align="left"| Torun | 25,7 | 1884,4 |- | 65-69 | align="left"| Poznan Voivodship | align="left"| Poznan | 28,1 | 2339,6 |- | 70-74 | align="left"| Stanislawow Voivodship | align="left"| Stanislawow | 16,9 | 1480,3 |- | 75-79 ? | align="left"| Silesian Voivodship | align="left"| Katowice | 5,1 | 1533,5 |- | 80-84 | align="left"| Tarnopol Voivodship | align="left"| Tarnopol | 16,5 | 1600,4 |- | 90-94 | align="left"| Wilno Voivodship | align="left"| Wilno | 29,0 | 1276,0 |- | 95-99 | align="left"| Volhynian Voivodship | align="left"| Lutsk | 35,7 | 2085,6 |- |}
==See also== * History of Poland ** History of Poland (1914-1918) ** Kingdom of Poland (1916-1918) ** Independence of Poland Regained ** History of Poland (1939-1945) Polish history Former countries
What does this paragraph mean?: :''Occupied by German and Austro-Hungarian in the summer of 1915, the former Russian-ruled part of Poland was proclaimed an independent kingdom by the occupying powers on 5 November 1916, with a governing Council of State and (from 15 October 1917) a Regency Council (Rada Regencyjna) to administer the country under German auspices pending the election of a king.'' Are we talking about the same place? The sentence seems to be starting to talk about the former Russian-ruled part of Poland. Are we talking about all of Poland, or just the part that was formerly ruled by Russia? I got very confused. -- User:Zoe == Split == This article will soon be splitted into several subarticles. See Wikipedia:WikiProject History of Poland/Periodization. --User:Piotrus 23:22, 27 Nov 2004 (UTC) ==Wikify== Just gets messy near the bottom. Needs to be cleaned up a tad. --User:Woohookitty 06:09, 24 Jan 2005 (UTC)
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
Words begining with Second_Polish_Republic:
Second_Polish_Republic
Second_Polish_Republic
Second Polish Republic
The Second Polish Republic is an unofficial name applied to the Republic of Poland between World War I and World War II. When the borders of the state were fixed in 1921, it had an area of 388.6 thousand sq. km. (sixth largest in Europe), and 27.2 million inhabitants according to the census of that year. In 1939, just before the outbreak of World War II, it had an estimated 35.1 million inhabitants. A third of these were national minorities (10% Jews, 17% Ukraine and Belarus, 5% Germany, and 1% percent Lithuanians, Russians and Czech Republic). ==History== Occupied by Germany and Austria-Hungary armies in the summer of 1915, the formerly Russian-ruled part of Poland was proclaimed an independent kingdom by the occupying powers on November 5, 1916, with a governing Council of State and (from October 15, 1917) a Regency Council (''Rada Regencyjna Królestwa Polskiego'') to administer the country under German auspices pending the election of a king. Shortly before the end of World War I, on October 7, 1918, the Regency Council dissolved the Council of State and announced its intention to restore Polish independence. With the notable exception of the Marxism-oriented Social Democratic Party of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania (SDKPiL), most political parties supported this move. On October 23 the Council appointed a new government under Józef Swierzynski and began conscription into the Polish Army. On November 5, in Lublin, the first Soviet of Delegates was created. On November 6 the Communism announced the creation of a Republic of Tarnobrzeg. The same day, a Provisional People's Government of the Republic of Poland was created under the Socialist, Ignacy Daszynski. Elections to the Sejm: January 26, 1919. On November 10, Jozef Pilsudski, newly freed from imprisonment by the German authorities at Magdeburg, returned to Warsaw. Next day, due to his popularity and support from most political parties, the Regency Council appointed Piłsudski Commander in Chief of the Polish Armed Forces. On November 14 the Council dissolved itself and transferred all its authority to Piłsudski as Chief of State (''Naczelnik Państwa''). Battle_of_Warsaw_(1920).">Image:Polish-soviet_war_1920_Aftermath_of_Battle_of_Warsaw.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Polish soldiers displaying captured Soviet battle flags after the Battle of Warsaw (1920). Centers of government that were created in Galicia (Central Europe) (formerly Austrian-ruled southern Poland) included a National Council of the Principality of Cieszyn (created on November 19) and a Polish Liquidation Committee (created on October 28). Soon afterward, conflict broke out in Lviv (Polish ''Lwów'') between forces of the Military Committee of Ukrainians and the Polish \"Eagles\" of Lwów. After consultation with Pilsudski, Daszynski's government dissolved itself and a new government was created under Jedrzej Moraczewski. Treaty of Versailles [[Image:Armoured_Car_Korfanty_1920.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Polish armoured car ''Korfanty'' in 1920 in the Silesian Uprisings]] War against the Ukrainians: Polish-Ukrainian War. War against the Soviets: Polish-Soviet War. Miracle of the Vistula. Treaty of Riga. War against the Lithuanians: Polish-Lithuanian War. Border conflicts between Poland and Czechoslovakia. Uprisings in Wielkopolska and Silesia. Great Poland Uprising, Silesian Uprisings. July 15, 1920 - Agrarian Reform. March 17, 1921 - March Constitution. 1921 - alliances with France, Romania. Election to Sejm and Senat - November 1922. [[Image:Pilsudzki_timecover_june07_1926.jpg|150|thumb|right|Piłsudski on the cover of TIME magazine, June 7, 1926 in the aftermath of his May Coup]] President Gabriel Narutowicz, and his assassination (December 16, 1922). 1924 - Wladyslaw Grabski Government. Bank Polski. Monetary reform. President Wojciechowski - December 20, 1922, to Zamach majowy. Coup of May - ''Zamach majowy'', 1926, May, Józef Piłsudski coup d'etat (May Coup). beginning of Sanacja government. Roman Dmowski, Obóz Wielkiej Polski (4 December 1926), Endecja. [[Image:Rydz_Smigly_Bulawa1.jpg|100px|right|thumb|Edward Rydz-Smigly receiving the Marshal bulawa from president of Poland Ignacy Moscicki. November 10, 1936, Warsaw.]] 16 November 1930 - wybory brzeskie (elections 25 July 1932 - non-aggression pact with Soviet Union 26 January 1934 - non-violence ? pact with Germany 14 April 1934 - Obóz Narodowo-Radykalny 23 April 1935 - April Constitution 12 May 1935 - death of Józef Piłsudski [[Image:WWII Poland Invasion 1939-09-01.jpg|thumb|left|200px|German soldiers destroying Polish border checkpoint on 1 September. Second World War begins.]] Gdynia, Centralny Okreg Przemyslowy (1936), Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski 2 February 1937 - Obóz Zjednoczenia Narodowego 2 January 1939 - death of Roman Dmowski 31 March 1939 - military guarantees from United Kingdom and France 23 August 1939 - allience between Soviet Union and Germany: Ribbentrop-Molotow Pact 25 August 1939 - alliance between Poland and United Kingdom Polish September Campaign - the beginning of the Second World War and end of the Second Polish Republic. succeeded by Polish Government in Exile. == Politics and government == == Economy == == Culture == == Geography and demographics == {||style="empty-cells: show; border: solid 1px;border-collapse:collapse;text-align:center;" border=1 width="500px" |----- bgcolor="#efefef" | colspan=6 align="center" | Polish voivodships in the interbellum
(data as per April 1, 1937) |- style="background:#efefef" align="center" ! car plates
(since 1937) ! Voivodship
Separate city ! Capital ! Area
in 1000 km² (1930) ! Population
in 1000 (1931) |- | 00-19 | align="left"| City of Warsaw | align="left"| Warsaw | 0,14 | 1179,5 |- | 85-89 | align="left"| Warsaw Voivodship | align="left"| Warsaw | 31,7 | 2460,9 |- | 20-24 | align="left"| Bialystok Voivodship | align="left"| Bialystok | 26,0 | 1263,3 |- | 25-29 | align="left"| Kielce Voivodship | align="left"| Kielce | 22,2 | 2671,0 |- | 30-34 | align="left"| Kraków Voivodship | align="left"| Kraków | 17,6 | 2300,1 |- | 35-39 | align="left"| Lublin Voivodship | align="left"| Lublin | 26,6 | 2116,2 |- | 40-44 | align="left"| Lwów Voivodship | align="left"| Lwów | 28,4 | 3126,3 |- | 45-49 | align="left"| Lodz Voivodship | align="left"| Lodz | 20,4 | 2650,1 |- | 50-54 | align="left"| Nowogródek Voivodship | align="left"| Nowogródek | 23,0 | 1057,2 |- | 55-59 | align="left"| Polesie Voivodship | align="left"| Brest-Litovsk | 36,7 | 1132,2 |- | 60-64 | align="left"| Pomeranian Voivodship | align="left"| Torun | 25,7 | 1884,4 |- | 65-69 | align="left"| Poznan Voivodship | align="left"| Poznan | 28,1 | 2339,6 |- | 70-74 | align="left"| Stanislawow Voivodship | align="left"| Stanislawow | 16,9 | 1480,3 |- | 75-79 ? | align="left"| Silesian Voivodship | align="left"| Katowice | 5,1 | 1533,5 |- | 80-84 | align="left"| Tarnopol Voivodship | align="left"| Tarnopol | 16,5 | 1600,4 |- | 90-94 | align="left"| Wilno Voivodship | align="left"| Wilno | 29,0 | 1276,0 |- | 95-99 | align="left"| Volhynian Voivodship | align="left"| Lutsk | 35,7 | 2085,6 |- |}
==See also== * History of Poland ** History of Poland (1914-1918) ** Kingdom of Poland (1916-1918) ** Independence of Poland Regained ** History of Poland (1939-1945) Polish history Former countries
Second Polish Republic
What does this paragraph mean?: :''Occupied by German and Austro-Hungarian in the summer of 1915, the former Russian-ruled part of Poland was proclaimed an independent kingdom by the occupying powers on 5 November 1916, with a governing Council of State and (from 15 October 1917) a Regency Council (Rada Regencyjna) to administer the country under German auspices pending the election of a king.'' Are we talking about the same place? The sentence seems to be starting to talk about the former Russian-ruled part of Poland. Are we talking about all of Poland, or just the part that was formerly ruled by Russia? I got very confused. -- User:Zoe == Split == This article will soon be splitted into several subarticles. See Wikipedia:WikiProject History of Poland/Periodization. --User:Piotrus 23:22, 27 Nov 2004 (UTC) ==Wikify== Just gets messy near the bottom. Needs to be cleaned up a tad. --User:Woohookitty 06:09, 24 Jan 2005 (UTC)
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
S
SB | SC | SD | SE | SF | SG | SH | SI | SJ | SK | SL | SM | SN | SO | SP | SR | SS | ST | SU | SW | SX | SY | SZ |Words begining with Second_Polish_Republic:
Second_Polish_Republic
Second_Polish_Republic
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