
[[Image:Sami flag large.png|thumb|Sami flag]] The Sami people (there are other names and spellings including Sámi, Saami and Lapp) are an indigenous people of northern Sweden, Norway, Finland and Kola Peninsula, covering a total area in the Nordic countries corresponding to the size of Sweden. The Sami are one of the largest groups of indigenous peoples in Europe. Their languages are the Sami language, which are classified as Finno-Ugric language. The Sami call their ancestral lands ''Sapmi''. Traditional occupations are hunting, fishing, reindeer herding and farming, but today only a minority of the Sami are making a living from these things alone. The population is estimated to about 85,000, although it is difficult to establish exactly how many there are. Roughly half live in Norway, although Sweden also has a significant group. Finland and Russia only have smaller groups located in the far north, including the Russian Kola peninsula. The Sami in Russia were forced by the Soviet authorities into one collective called Lovozero / Lojàvri, in the central part of the Kola peninsula. Traditionally, the Sami had a variety of livelihoods; fishing on the coast and in the inland, trapping animals for fur, sheep herding etc. The best known livelihood is reindeer herding, but only a small percentage of the Sami have been mainly reindeer herders over the last centuries. Today, many Sami lead modern lives in the cities inside and outside the traditional Sami area, with regular jobs. == History == ''Main article: Sami history'' The Sami peoples have inhabited the northern regions of Scandinavia since far back into antiquity. Lapponia, a large, 35-chapter book written by the rhetorican Johannes Schefferus (1621 - 1679) is the oldest source of detailed information on Sami culture. It was written due to "ill-natured" foreign propaganda (in particular from Germany) claiming that Sweden had won victories on the battlefield by means of 'Sami magic'. In attempts to correct the picture of Sami culture amongst the Europeans, Magnus de la Gardie started an early 'ethnological' research project to document Sami groups, conducted by Schefferus. The book was published in late 1673 and quickly translated to French, German, English, and other languages (though not to Swedish until 1956). However, an adapted and abridged version was quickly published in the Netherlands and Germany, where chapters on their difficult living conditions, topography, and the environment had been replaced by made-up stories of magic, sorcery, drum and heathenism. Up to around 1500 the Sami were mainly fishermen and trappers, usually in a combination, leading a nomadic lifestyle decided by the migrations of the reindeer. Around 1500, due to excessive hunting, again provoked by the fact that the Sami had to pay taxes to Norway, Sweden and Russia, the number of reindeer started to decrease. Most Sami then settled along the fjords, on the coast and along the inland waterways to pursue a combination of cattle raising, trapping and fishing. A small minority of the Sami then started to tame the reindeer, creating the well-known reindeer nomads, that although often portrayed by outsiders as the archetypical Sami lifestyle, only represent around 10% of the Sami people. The Sami crossed the borders freely until 1826, when the Norwegian/Finnish/Russian border was closed. Sami were still free to cross the border between Sweden and Norway according to inherited rights down to 1940, when the border closed due to Germany's occupation of Norway. For long periods of time, the Sami lifestyle reigned supreme in the north because of its unique adaptation to the Arctic environment, enabling Sami culture to resist cultural influences from the South. However, in the 19th century Norwegian authorities put the Sami culture under pressure in order to make the Norwegian language and culture universal. On the Swedish and Finnish side, conditions were a lot more lax. The strongest pressure took place from around 1900 to 1940, when Norway invested considerable money and effort to wipe out Sami culture. After World War II, the pressure was relaxed somewhat. Starting in the 1980s, Sami rights have been on the political agenda. == Organisation == ''Main article: Sami organisation'' Sami inhabitants have in Sweden, Norway and Finland (but not Russia) a vote, besides the regular country democratic election length, in their special designed authority, the Sami Parliament (SP). The SP has a democratically elected parliament and acts as a governmental authority. An individual has a Sami vote if any of the following applies: * s/he considers himself to be culturally or ethnically Sami (valid in Sweden, Norway, or Finland) because: ** s/he speaks a Sami language ** s/he had or has a parent, or grandparent, that speaks or spoke a Sami language * s/he simply considers her/himself to be Sami (valid in Finland only) For the Swedish case, the term 'Sami' have been defined by the government, and included only peoples herding reindeers. This was contrary to how the Sami themselves wanted to be defined. == Religion == ''Main article: Sami religion'' The term ''Sami religion'' is usually referring to the pre-Christian religion, practiced till about 18th century. Christianity started already in the 11th century but the Lutheran Bible was first translated in much later time. In the 16th century, priests had tried to convert them, sometimes by cruel means such as burning rune drums (and peoples) on the stake. This made the Sami practice their religion secretly at home, while attending church when required from the authorities. On the Norwegian side, a major effort to convert the Sami was made in around 1720, when the "Apostle of the Sami" - Thomas von Westen, burned drums and converted people by force. The Swedish Sami vicar, Lars Levi Laestadius initiated a puritan, lutheran movement among the Sami around 1840. This movement is still today very dominant in Sami speaking areas. Sami on the Russian peninsula, in North-Eastern Finland and a handful in Norway are members of the Orthodox church. Sami religion shared many common elements to the Norse mythology and the latter's spiritual parts are often considered to be derived from an aboriginal life style. By a mainly French initiative, from J.P. Gaimard, Lars Levi Laestadius began researching the Sami mythology. His work resulted in four bands or ''fragments'', since by his own admission they contained only a small percentage of what had existed. The fragments were termed ''Theory of Gods'', ''Theory of Sacrifice'', ''Theory of Prophecy, or short reports about rumorous Sami magic'' and ''Sami sagas''. Generally, he filtered out the Norse influence and derived common elements between the South, North, and Eastern Sami groups. The mythology has common elements with other Circumpolar religions as well -- such as those in Siberia and North America. ==Language == ''Main article:Sami language.'' The Sami language is divided into nine dialects, of which several have their own written languages (orthography). Southern Sami cannot understand Northern Sami. Most dialects are spoken in several countries, as linguistic borders do not correspond to national borders. The Sami language is part of the Finno-Ugric languages family, related to Finnish language and Hungarian but not to Norwegian (language) and kin, however due to prolonged contact with the Scandinavians, there is a large number of Germanic words in Sami. == Music == ''Main article: Sami music'' One very interesting Sami tradition is the singing of ''joik'' (not to be confused with the call ''yoicks'' used in fox hunting). Joiks are traditionally sung ''a capella'', usually sung slowly and deep in the throat with apparent emotional content of sorrow or anger. Missionary and priests regarded these as "songs of the Devil". In recent years, musical instruments frequently accompany joiks. The Sami singer Mari Boine introduced joiks to the world audience when she blended it with rhythmic music such as jazz and rock on several award-winning albums in the '80s and '90s. == Related articles == *Sami music *Sami Parliament a Government Agencies of Sweden *Sami School Board of Sweden *Northern indigenous peoples of Russia *Germania (book) by Gaius Cornelius Tacitus *Lars Levi Laestadius, scientist and preacher, who studied Sami culture == External links == * [http://www.staff.uhi.ac.uk/wolfgang/Sami/Sami.html Summary info about the Sami in English] * [http://virtual.finland.fi/finfo/english/minorit3.html Detailed information about the Sami] * [http://www.lysator.liu.se/nordic/scn/faq23.html The ''Nordic FAQ'' has a section on the Sámi ] * [http://odin.dep.no/odin/engelsk/norway/history/032005-990463/index-dok000-b-n-a.html The Sami of Norway] * [http://web.quipo.it/minola/sounds/saami/saami_trad.rm Sample yoicks] * [http://www.hollowear.com/audio/sapmi-mosquito.ram More sample yoicks] * [http://se.wikipedia.org/ North Saami Wikipedia Project] Ancient peoples Ethnic groups of Russia Sami Scandinavia Eurasian nomads als:Saami
Why not a separate article for Northern Indigenous peoples? -- User:Zoe :Good plan. Not today, though! User:GrahamN 21:12 Aug 29, 2002 (PDT) ::Are the Ainu not sufficiently northern to make the list? --User:Brion VIBBER :::Not sure. I got the term Northern Indigenous Peoples (best not to turn it into an acronym, I just discovered!), and the list of tribes, from http://www.survival-international.org/tc%20siberia.htm this article from http://www.survival-international.org Survival International, a respected and long established authroity on the subject of indigenous tribal peoples. User:GrahamN 21:34 Aug 29, 2002 (PDT) ::::Ah, I see; the term seems to be Russia-specific. The last Ainu in Sakhalin were evicted to Japan after World War II, so there presumably aren't any left in Russian territory. --User:Brion VIBBER ---- [http://www.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Special:Contributions&target=80.141.119.26 80.141.119.26] removed the link to Siberia, saying "There are no Saami in Siberia, but on the Kola peninsula in northern Russia". However, two separate sources cited in the article state that the Saami ARE indigenous to Siberia (http://www.buryatmongol.com/sibnative.html and http://survival-international.org/tc%20siberia.htm). I will add Siberia back in pending an explanation from 80.141.119.26. User:GrahamN 23:11 24 May 2003 (UTC) ---- Is there any serious thinking that Saami are related to Vedic traditions in India? Or is this a way-out theory? User:Rmhermen 04:39 9 Jul 2003 (UTC) :I have never heard it. This is pure folk etymology. I think this should be deleted from the entry unless someone has a reference for it. User:Evertype 15:59, 2004 Apr 22 (UTC) This sound very far fetched. Tourists visiting the Sami area are often more interested in trying to make connections to far-away peoples in Asia and North America (or Bolivia...as some told me..), than actually study the unique culture at hand. So forget about vedic traditions, unless you have solid proof. ---- There seems to be an arithmetical conflict regarding the Saami population of Norway, between the Norway page and the Saami one. Saami says: ''The population of about 85,000 ... Roughly half the Saami population lives in Norway'' (so that would be 40000 ish). But Norway says ''...Saami people (about 6000 people. Source: Samemanntallet).''. I don't know if this due to the difference between those who are ethnically Saami and those who speak Saami, or some "registered Saami" issue, or if it's just a matter of the wording needing tightening-up somewhere. Still, the two pages (as they read right now) seem to directly contradict one another. -- User:Finlay McWalter 17:52, 16 Sep 2003 (UTC) The number 40 000 in Norway is an estimate. Norway undoubtedly has the largest number of Sami, but in coastal areas of Norway, it is hard to distinguish Sami from Norwegians, since the present Norwegians have a great deal of Sami ancestry, and the present Sami are much more assimilated into Norwegian culture than the ones in inland areas. The present number of 11 000 people registered in the samemanntallet are the ones who have declared themselves Sami, a voluntary thing. Teh others may or may not regard themselves as Sami, and quite a few are fluent in Sami language, without referring to themselves as Sami. This is because it is still a social stigma in rural coastal areas to be a Sami. Today many people "step out of the closet" as Sami, so the gap between the estimate of 40 000 and the number declared in the samemanntallet is narrowing. The various estimates concerning the Sami vary enormously, so any number should be taken with a pinch of salt. ---- This article claims that ''jojks'' are known in English as ''yoicks''. My source spells it ''joiks'' and gives no other transliterations (though it does mention the North Saami ''luohti'' and the South Saami ''vuolle''). Googling indicates that ''joiks'' is the most common, but ''yoicks'' gives virtually no hits (can't tell for sure how many, because there seem to be other uses of the word). I can only find one page in English which uses ''yoicks'' to refer to this[http://parisvoice.com/01/nov/html/music.cfm]. Can anybody clear this up? User:TUF-KAT 20:43, Dec 14, 2003 (UTC) The name in Sami is juoiggus, and this word has a separate Norwegian adaptation; "joik", and a similar Swedish one "jojk". A word starting with "j" in Sami, Norwegian or Swedish, is pronounced "y". An exampel is "jul" (Christmas), which is also used in English as "yule", the pronunciation is exactly the same. The average English speaker is probably unaware of this, so spelling "juoiggus/joik/jojk" as "yoik" in English probably makes English speakers pronounce the word correctly. ---- I have also seen the inhabitants of Lapland referred to as "Laps". Is this a misspelling of "Lapps", or is it valid? - User:DropDeadGorgias User_talk:DropDeadGorgias 18:03, Apr 21, 2004 (UTC) The words Laps and Lapland have been used extensively, especially in Sweden and Finland (and in countries outside the Sami area) historically. In Norway one would often call the Sami "Finn" (a term that you still hear sometimes), although Lap was also heard. However, with the increased respect for Sami identity, we today prefer to say Sami. And their ancestral lands are hence called Sàpmi. ==It's Sami not Saami== The best English term for this population is "Sami". This reflects the native designation "Sápmi" (where -pm- is a grade of -m-; Sámi is a declined form of this). The Norwegian/Swedish designation is "samisk". The spelling "Saami" is a Finnicism (Finnish "saami"); since most Sami live in Norway, it makes sense to borrow a Germanic spelling into English rather than a Finnic one. Further, the spelling "Saami" risks hypercorrection to "Såmi" (cf. Haakon/Håkon, Aarhus/Århus). The New Oxford Dictionary of English gives "Sami" on page 1644. "Saami" does not occur there. The term "Saami" is attested; a google search will certainly find it. But it is not the recommended form in English. User:Evertype 16:00, 2004 Apr 22 (UTC) Thanks for clearing this up. But are you sure that it is a finnicism, though? I would suppose that it is likely to be a rendition of the acute accent in ''Sámi'' in 7-bit ASCII. User:Arj 21:51, 22 Apr 2004 (UTC) The people in question have had some difficulties to unite on what the best transliteration to English should be, and there is no reason to believe that this issue is finally concluded. You can find representatives who argue against ''Sámi'' for it being too difficult for Americans who panic for accents, against ''Saami'' for being too difficult for Indo-European languages who don't know how to handle vowel-length, against ''Sami'' for beeing too close to the more "oppressive" or more alien Germanic languages nations (compared to the akin Finno-Ugric languages or Finnic, and again against ''Sami'' as it more likely renders an unwished distorted English pronounciation. I don't know what to do in Wikipedia, but one thing is clear. The statement ''"the spelling "Saami" is found but is a Finnicism"'' can not remain where it's inserted. Wikipedia-article usually do not in the first sentence argue in controversies. Further, it's a peculiar and strange assertation, as the languages of this people really are Finno-Ugric, why a scandinavism ought to be more out of place than a finnicism. Finally, the only name which Wikipedia ought to take a clear stand against, based on the sentiments in the people in question, is the ''"Lapp"'' term, by many considered particularly offensive. The first-sentence stance against ''Saami'' is thus unfortunate, as it might give the impression of Wikipedia not taking the reservations against ''Lapp-'' as serious as against "Finnicisms".
/User:Tuomas 06:39, 23 Apr 2004 (UTC) : Do you mean we should remove all forms of "Lapp(ish)" from the article? Lapp(onia) is something that have been used, at least from the Carta Marina since 1539 to ~1990. //User:Rogper 22:21, 3 May 2004 (UTC) ::Not at all, but we shouldn't give the usage prominence. /User:Tuomas 20:31, 5 May 2004 (UTC) I am sure that the -aa- is a Finnicism, yes. :...or Samiism... :-) /User:Tuomas 20:31, 5 May 2004 (UTC) There's no reason to use -aa- in English while -a- is used in Norwegian. :The issue is exactly this. Should the indigenous people be shown respect — or their Germanic masters? /User:Tuomas 20:31, 5 May 2004 (UTC) Oxford (which one can consider to be authoritative) prefers Sami. Tuomas' point about not bothering with the word "Finnicism" is well-taken. "Sami" rhymes with "swami" in English, by they way. Same spelling, same sound. "Saami" just isn't right. : The [http://www.sametinget.se/sametinget/view.cfm?oid=1009&changeUserconf_syslanguage=1 Sami Parlament], Sametinget, uses "Sami" on their homepage. I've been using Sami (=singular Same, plural Samer in Swedish) or Samic (=Samisk in Swedish). // User:Rogper 22:13, 3 May 2004 (UTC) ::They do this year, yes. I don't care much about which transcription to use, but as information the first vowel is (should be) rather close to, but not quite as, English ''arm'', SAMPA /A:/, or maybe rather as a long version of the sound in ''cup'', SAMPA /sV:mI/. ''Swami'' is maybe a better approximation than ''Slavic''. The way my Arabic teacher pronounces Ba'ath Party is even closer. However, some sound distinction get lost in the transfer to other languages, that can't be avoided. /User:Tuomas 20:31, 5 May 2004 (UTC) In Sami, Sami is spelt Sàmi. Accents are hard and difficult to many. Why not simply say Sami, and leave out all the rest? This is a direct Sami-English adaptation, not via Norwegian/Swedish or Finnish. == germanic? scythian? == "Sami People are a group of Germanic and Scythian tribes"... I have grave doubts that the above is not at all correct. Sami language is indisputedly known of being a Finnic language. Not germanic, nor scythian (who also probably were indoeuropean). (Sami old religion and culture is known to be close with finnic shamanism.) The above should be altered: Sami people are a group of Finnic tribes, or something like that. Germanic and scythian taken away. User:213.243.157.114 21:32, 17 Jul 2004 (UTC) :I think it was unclear where the Sami first come from, although they nowadays speak a Finnic language. It seems that this could have been, because of close contact with Finnic tribes in some way, though. == Sami: governmental definitions == The Organization section can be confusing to read. It's not clear on who can vote where if certain operational criteria are met. Splitting along state lines may improve it. User:A-giau 18:50, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC) It also seems to suggest there's a united, transnational Sami Parliament when there are in fact several, with rather different powers. User:A-giau 18:52, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC) == Official status == It'd be nice to have some information on official status or official recognition (perhaps described along state lines), and a bit of details about the implications. Info on related social movements would be appreciated, as well. User:A-giau 19:03, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC) == Is Lapp derogatory? == There seems to be quite some controverse about the name ''Lapp'': It is said to be ''offending'' and ''derogatory''. On the other hand, almost anyone not involved in ethnological affairs uses the word. I would like to know: If ''Lapp'' is considered an insult, doea the word have a specific meaning (Like "Eskimo" meening "raw meat eater" in a Cree dialect), and are all Sami offended by the name Lapp. Btw, why do I want to know this? Because I am to write an article on the Sami and their language on the Limburgic Wikipedia. User:Caesarion 10:46, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC) :It means "patch", as in "bums in patched clothes". If someone uses the term, he's simply ignorant of this. --User:Vuo 11:27, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
Words begining with Sami_people:
Sami_people
Sami_people
Sami_peoples
Sami_peoples
Sami people
[[Image:Sami flag large.png|thumb|Sami flag]] The Sami people (there are other names and spellings including Sámi, Saami and Lapp) are an indigenous people of northern Sweden, Norway, Finland and Kola Peninsula, covering a total area in the Nordic countries corresponding to the size of Sweden. The Sami are one of the largest groups of indigenous peoples in Europe. Their languages are the Sami language, which are classified as Finno-Ugric language. The Sami call their ancestral lands ''Sapmi''. Traditional occupations are hunting, fishing, reindeer herding and farming, but today only a minority of the Sami are making a living from these things alone. The population is estimated to about 85,000, although it is difficult to establish exactly how many there are. Roughly half live in Norway, although Sweden also has a significant group. Finland and Russia only have smaller groups located in the far north, including the Russian Kola peninsula. The Sami in Russia were forced by the Soviet authorities into one collective called Lovozero / Lojàvri, in the central part of the Kola peninsula. Traditionally, the Sami had a variety of livelihoods; fishing on the coast and in the inland, trapping animals for fur, sheep herding etc. The best known livelihood is reindeer herding, but only a small percentage of the Sami have been mainly reindeer herders over the last centuries. Today, many Sami lead modern lives in the cities inside and outside the traditional Sami area, with regular jobs. == History == ''Main article: Sami history'' The Sami peoples have inhabited the northern regions of Scandinavia since far back into antiquity. Lapponia, a large, 35-chapter book written by the rhetorican Johannes Schefferus (1621 - 1679) is the oldest source of detailed information on Sami culture. It was written due to "ill-natured" foreign propaganda (in particular from Germany) claiming that Sweden had won victories on the battlefield by means of 'Sami magic'. In attempts to correct the picture of Sami culture amongst the Europeans, Magnus de la Gardie started an early 'ethnological' research project to document Sami groups, conducted by Schefferus. The book was published in late 1673 and quickly translated to French, German, English, and other languages (though not to Swedish until 1956). However, an adapted and abridged version was quickly published in the Netherlands and Germany, where chapters on their difficult living conditions, topography, and the environment had been replaced by made-up stories of magic, sorcery, drum and heathenism. Up to around 1500 the Sami were mainly fishermen and trappers, usually in a combination, leading a nomadic lifestyle decided by the migrations of the reindeer. Around 1500, due to excessive hunting, again provoked by the fact that the Sami had to pay taxes to Norway, Sweden and Russia, the number of reindeer started to decrease. Most Sami then settled along the fjords, on the coast and along the inland waterways to pursue a combination of cattle raising, trapping and fishing. A small minority of the Sami then started to tame the reindeer, creating the well-known reindeer nomads, that although often portrayed by outsiders as the archetypical Sami lifestyle, only represent around 10% of the Sami people. The Sami crossed the borders freely until 1826, when the Norwegian/Finnish/Russian border was closed. Sami were still free to cross the border between Sweden and Norway according to inherited rights down to 1940, when the border closed due to Germany's occupation of Norway. For long periods of time, the Sami lifestyle reigned supreme in the north because of its unique adaptation to the Arctic environment, enabling Sami culture to resist cultural influences from the South. However, in the 19th century Norwegian authorities put the Sami culture under pressure in order to make the Norwegian language and culture universal. On the Swedish and Finnish side, conditions were a lot more lax. The strongest pressure took place from around 1900 to 1940, when Norway invested considerable money and effort to wipe out Sami culture. After World War II, the pressure was relaxed somewhat. Starting in the 1980s, Sami rights have been on the political agenda. == Organisation == ''Main article: Sami organisation'' Sami inhabitants have in Sweden, Norway and Finland (but not Russia) a vote, besides the regular country democratic election length, in their special designed authority, the Sami Parliament (SP). The SP has a democratically elected parliament and acts as a governmental authority. An individual has a Sami vote if any of the following applies: * s/he considers himself to be culturally or ethnically Sami (valid in Sweden, Norway, or Finland) because: ** s/he speaks a Sami language ** s/he had or has a parent, or grandparent, that speaks or spoke a Sami language * s/he simply considers her/himself to be Sami (valid in Finland only) For the Swedish case, the term 'Sami' have been defined by the government, and included only peoples herding reindeers. This was contrary to how the Sami themselves wanted to be defined. == Religion == ''Main article: Sami religion'' The term ''Sami religion'' is usually referring to the pre-Christian religion, practiced till about 18th century. Christianity started already in the 11th century but the Lutheran Bible was first translated in much later time. In the 16th century, priests had tried to convert them, sometimes by cruel means such as burning rune drums (and peoples) on the stake. This made the Sami practice their religion secretly at home, while attending church when required from the authorities. On the Norwegian side, a major effort to convert the Sami was made in around 1720, when the "Apostle of the Sami" - Thomas von Westen, burned drums and converted people by force. The Swedish Sami vicar, Lars Levi Laestadius initiated a puritan, lutheran movement among the Sami around 1840. This movement is still today very dominant in Sami speaking areas. Sami on the Russian peninsula, in North-Eastern Finland and a handful in Norway are members of the Orthodox church. Sami religion shared many common elements to the Norse mythology and the latter's spiritual parts are often considered to be derived from an aboriginal life style. By a mainly French initiative, from J.P. Gaimard, Lars Levi Laestadius began researching the Sami mythology. His work resulted in four bands or ''fragments'', since by his own admission they contained only a small percentage of what had existed. The fragments were termed ''Theory of Gods'', ''Theory of Sacrifice'', ''Theory of Prophecy, or short reports about rumorous Sami magic'' and ''Sami sagas''. Generally, he filtered out the Norse influence and derived common elements between the South, North, and Eastern Sami groups. The mythology has common elements with other Circumpolar religions as well -- such as those in Siberia and North America. ==Language == ''Main article:Sami language.'' The Sami language is divided into nine dialects, of which several have their own written languages (orthography). Southern Sami cannot understand Northern Sami. Most dialects are spoken in several countries, as linguistic borders do not correspond to national borders. The Sami language is part of the Finno-Ugric languages family, related to Finnish language and Hungarian but not to Norwegian (language) and kin, however due to prolonged contact with the Scandinavians, there is a large number of Germanic words in Sami. == Music == ''Main article: Sami music'' One very interesting Sami tradition is the singing of ''joik'' (not to be confused with the call ''yoicks'' used in fox hunting). Joiks are traditionally sung ''a capella'', usually sung slowly and deep in the throat with apparent emotional content of sorrow or anger. Missionary and priests regarded these as "songs of the Devil". In recent years, musical instruments frequently accompany joiks. The Sami singer Mari Boine introduced joiks to the world audience when she blended it with rhythmic music such as jazz and rock on several award-winning albums in the '80s and '90s. == Related articles == *Sami music *Sami Parliament a Government Agencies of Sweden *Sami School Board of Sweden *Northern indigenous peoples of Russia *Germania (book) by Gaius Cornelius Tacitus *Lars Levi Laestadius, scientist and preacher, who studied Sami culture == External links == * [http://www.staff.uhi.ac.uk/wolfgang/Sami/Sami.html Summary info about the Sami in English] * [http://virtual.finland.fi/finfo/english/minorit3.html Detailed information about the Sami] * [http://www.lysator.liu.se/nordic/scn/faq23.html The ''Nordic FAQ'' has a section on the Sámi ] * [http://odin.dep.no/odin/engelsk/norway/history/032005-990463/index-dok000-b-n-a.html The Sami of Norway] * [http://web.quipo.it/minola/sounds/saami/saami_trad.rm Sample yoicks] * [http://www.hollowear.com/audio/sapmi-mosquito.ram More sample yoicks] * [http://se.wikipedia.org/ North Saami Wikipedia Project] Ancient peoples Ethnic groups of Russia Sami Scandinavia Eurasian nomads als:Saami
Sami people
Why not a separate article for Northern Indigenous peoples? -- User:Zoe :Good plan. Not today, though! User:GrahamN 21:12 Aug 29, 2002 (PDT) ::Are the Ainu not sufficiently northern to make the list? --User:Brion VIBBER :::Not sure. I got the term Northern Indigenous Peoples (best not to turn it into an acronym, I just discovered!), and the list of tribes, from http://www.survival-international.org/tc%20siberia.htm this article from http://www.survival-international.org Survival International, a respected and long established authroity on the subject of indigenous tribal peoples. User:GrahamN 21:34 Aug 29, 2002 (PDT) ::::Ah, I see; the term seems to be Russia-specific. The last Ainu in Sakhalin were evicted to Japan after World War II, so there presumably aren't any left in Russian territory. --User:Brion VIBBER ---- [http://www.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Special:Contributions&target=80.141.119.26 80.141.119.26] removed the link to Siberia, saying "There are no Saami in Siberia, but on the Kola peninsula in northern Russia". However, two separate sources cited in the article state that the Saami ARE indigenous to Siberia (http://www.buryatmongol.com/sibnative.html and http://survival-international.org/tc%20siberia.htm). I will add Siberia back in pending an explanation from 80.141.119.26. User:GrahamN 23:11 24 May 2003 (UTC) ---- Is there any serious thinking that Saami are related to Vedic traditions in India? Or is this a way-out theory? User:Rmhermen 04:39 9 Jul 2003 (UTC) :I have never heard it. This is pure folk etymology. I think this should be deleted from the entry unless someone has a reference for it. User:Evertype 15:59, 2004 Apr 22 (UTC) This sound very far fetched. Tourists visiting the Sami area are often more interested in trying to make connections to far-away peoples in Asia and North America (or Bolivia...as some told me..), than actually study the unique culture at hand. So forget about vedic traditions, unless you have solid proof. ---- There seems to be an arithmetical conflict regarding the Saami population of Norway, between the Norway page and the Saami one. Saami says: ''The population of about 85,000 ... Roughly half the Saami population lives in Norway'' (so that would be 40000 ish). But Norway says ''...Saami people (about 6000 people. Source: Samemanntallet).''. I don't know if this due to the difference between those who are ethnically Saami and those who speak Saami, or some "registered Saami" issue, or if it's just a matter of the wording needing tightening-up somewhere. Still, the two pages (as they read right now) seem to directly contradict one another. -- User:Finlay McWalter 17:52, 16 Sep 2003 (UTC) The number 40 000 in Norway is an estimate. Norway undoubtedly has the largest number of Sami, but in coastal areas of Norway, it is hard to distinguish Sami from Norwegians, since the present Norwegians have a great deal of Sami ancestry, and the present Sami are much more assimilated into Norwegian culture than the ones in inland areas. The present number of 11 000 people registered in the samemanntallet are the ones who have declared themselves Sami, a voluntary thing. Teh others may or may not regard themselves as Sami, and quite a few are fluent in Sami language, without referring to themselves as Sami. This is because it is still a social stigma in rural coastal areas to be a Sami. Today many people "step out of the closet" as Sami, so the gap between the estimate of 40 000 and the number declared in the samemanntallet is narrowing. The various estimates concerning the Sami vary enormously, so any number should be taken with a pinch of salt. ---- This article claims that ''jojks'' are known in English as ''yoicks''. My source spells it ''joiks'' and gives no other transliterations (though it does mention the North Saami ''luohti'' and the South Saami ''vuolle''). Googling indicates that ''joiks'' is the most common, but ''yoicks'' gives virtually no hits (can't tell for sure how many, because there seem to be other uses of the word). I can only find one page in English which uses ''yoicks'' to refer to this[http://parisvoice.com/01/nov/html/music.cfm]. Can anybody clear this up? User:TUF-KAT 20:43, Dec 14, 2003 (UTC) The name in Sami is juoiggus, and this word has a separate Norwegian adaptation; "joik", and a similar Swedish one "jojk". A word starting with "j" in Sami, Norwegian or Swedish, is pronounced "y". An exampel is "jul" (Christmas), which is also used in English as "yule", the pronunciation is exactly the same. The average English speaker is probably unaware of this, so spelling "juoiggus/joik/jojk" as "yoik" in English probably makes English speakers pronounce the word correctly. ---- I have also seen the inhabitants of Lapland referred to as "Laps". Is this a misspelling of "Lapps", or is it valid? - User:DropDeadGorgias User_talk:DropDeadGorgias 18:03, Apr 21, 2004 (UTC) The words Laps and Lapland have been used extensively, especially in Sweden and Finland (and in countries outside the Sami area) historically. In Norway one would often call the Sami "Finn" (a term that you still hear sometimes), although Lap was also heard. However, with the increased respect for Sami identity, we today prefer to say Sami. And their ancestral lands are hence called Sàpmi. ==It's Sami not Saami== The best English term for this population is "Sami". This reflects the native designation "Sápmi" (where -pm- is a grade of -m-; Sámi is a declined form of this). The Norwegian/Swedish designation is "samisk". The spelling "Saami" is a Finnicism (Finnish "saami"); since most Sami live in Norway, it makes sense to borrow a Germanic spelling into English rather than a Finnic one. Further, the spelling "Saami" risks hypercorrection to "Såmi" (cf. Haakon/Håkon, Aarhus/Århus). The New Oxford Dictionary of English gives "Sami" on page 1644. "Saami" does not occur there. The term "Saami" is attested; a google search will certainly find it. But it is not the recommended form in English. User:Evertype 16:00, 2004 Apr 22 (UTC) Thanks for clearing this up. But are you sure that it is a finnicism, though? I would suppose that it is likely to be a rendition of the acute accent in ''Sámi'' in 7-bit ASCII. User:Arj 21:51, 22 Apr 2004 (UTC) The people in question have had some difficulties to unite on what the best transliteration to English should be, and there is no reason to believe that this issue is finally concluded. You can find representatives who argue against ''Sámi'' for it being too difficult for Americans who panic for accents, against ''Saami'' for being too difficult for Indo-European languages who don't know how to handle vowel-length, against ''Sami'' for beeing too close to the more "oppressive" or more alien Germanic languages nations (compared to the akin Finno-Ugric languages or Finnic, and again against ''Sami'' as it more likely renders an unwished distorted English pronounciation. I don't know what to do in Wikipedia, but one thing is clear. The statement ''"the spelling "Saami" is found but is a Finnicism"'' can not remain where it's inserted. Wikipedia-article usually do not in the first sentence argue in controversies. Further, it's a peculiar and strange assertation, as the languages of this people really are Finno-Ugric, why a scandinavism ought to be more out of place than a finnicism. Finally, the only name which Wikipedia ought to take a clear stand against, based on the sentiments in the people in question, is the ''"Lapp"'' term, by many considered particularly offensive. The first-sentence stance against ''Saami'' is thus unfortunate, as it might give the impression of Wikipedia not taking the reservations against ''Lapp-'' as serious as against "Finnicisms".
/User:Tuomas 06:39, 23 Apr 2004 (UTC) : Do you mean we should remove all forms of "Lapp(ish)" from the article? Lapp(onia) is something that have been used, at least from the Carta Marina since 1539 to ~1990. //User:Rogper 22:21, 3 May 2004 (UTC) ::Not at all, but we shouldn't give the usage prominence. /User:Tuomas 20:31, 5 May 2004 (UTC) I am sure that the -aa- is a Finnicism, yes. :...or Samiism... :-) /User:Tuomas 20:31, 5 May 2004 (UTC) There's no reason to use -aa- in English while -a- is used in Norwegian. :The issue is exactly this. Should the indigenous people be shown respect — or their Germanic masters? /User:Tuomas 20:31, 5 May 2004 (UTC) Oxford (which one can consider to be authoritative) prefers Sami. Tuomas' point about not bothering with the word "Finnicism" is well-taken. "Sami" rhymes with "swami" in English, by they way. Same spelling, same sound. "Saami" just isn't right. : The [http://www.sametinget.se/sametinget/view.cfm?oid=1009&changeUserconf_syslanguage=1 Sami Parlament], Sametinget, uses "Sami" on their homepage. I've been using Sami (=singular Same, plural Samer in Swedish) or Samic (=Samisk in Swedish). // User:Rogper 22:13, 3 May 2004 (UTC) ::They do this year, yes. I don't care much about which transcription to use, but as information the first vowel is (should be) rather close to, but not quite as, English ''arm'', SAMPA /A:/, or maybe rather as a long version of the sound in ''cup'', SAMPA /sV:mI/. ''Swami'' is maybe a better approximation than ''Slavic''. The way my Arabic teacher pronounces Ba'ath Party is even closer. However, some sound distinction get lost in the transfer to other languages, that can't be avoided. /User:Tuomas 20:31, 5 May 2004 (UTC) In Sami, Sami is spelt Sàmi. Accents are hard and difficult to many. Why not simply say Sami, and leave out all the rest? This is a direct Sami-English adaptation, not via Norwegian/Swedish or Finnish. == germanic? scythian? == "Sami People are a group of Germanic and Scythian tribes"... I have grave doubts that the above is not at all correct. Sami language is indisputedly known of being a Finnic language. Not germanic, nor scythian (who also probably were indoeuropean). (Sami old religion and culture is known to be close with finnic shamanism.) The above should be altered: Sami people are a group of Finnic tribes, or something like that. Germanic and scythian taken away. User:213.243.157.114 21:32, 17 Jul 2004 (UTC) :I think it was unclear where the Sami first come from, although they nowadays speak a Finnic language. It seems that this could have been, because of close contact with Finnic tribes in some way, though. == Sami: governmental definitions == The Organization section can be confusing to read. It's not clear on who can vote where if certain operational criteria are met. Splitting along state lines may improve it. User:A-giau 18:50, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC) It also seems to suggest there's a united, transnational Sami Parliament when there are in fact several, with rather different powers. User:A-giau 18:52, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC) == Official status == It'd be nice to have some information on official status or official recognition (perhaps described along state lines), and a bit of details about the implications. Info on related social movements would be appreciated, as well. User:A-giau 19:03, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC) == Is Lapp derogatory? == There seems to be quite some controverse about the name ''Lapp'': It is said to be ''offending'' and ''derogatory''. On the other hand, almost anyone not involved in ethnological affairs uses the word. I would like to know: If ''Lapp'' is considered an insult, doea the word have a specific meaning (Like "Eskimo" meening "raw meat eater" in a Cree dialect), and are all Sami offended by the name Lapp. Btw, why do I want to know this? Because I am to write an article on the Sami and their language on the Limburgic Wikipedia. User:Caesarion 10:46, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC) :It means "patch", as in "bums in patched clothes". If someone uses the term, he's simply ignorant of this. --User:Vuo 11:27, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
S
SB | SC | SD | SE | SF | SG | SH | SI | SJ | SK | SL | SM | SN | SO | SP | SR | SS | ST | SU | SW | SX | SY | SZ |Words begining with Sami_people:
Sami_people
Sami_people
Sami_peoples
Sami_peoples
These materials are based on Wikipedia and licensed under the GNU FDL
YouTube.com videos better site than Turbo Tax 2007
