
The Sahara is the world's second largest desert (second to Antarctica), over 9,000,000 km² (3,500,000 mi²), located in northern Africa and is 2.5 million years old. The entire land area of the United States would fit inside it. Its name, ''Sahara'', is an English pronuciation of the word for ''desert'' in Arabic language (صحراء ). ==Overview== The boundaries of the Sahara are the Atlantic Ocean on the west, the Atlas Mountains and the Mediterranean Sea on the north, the Red Sea and Egypt on the east, and the Sudan and the valley of the River Niger on the south. Sahara is divided into western Sahara, the central Ahaggar Mountains, the Tibesti Mountains, the Aïr Mountains (a region of desert mountains and high plateaus), Tenere desert and the Libyan desert (the most arid region). The highest peak in the Sahara is Emi Koussi (3415 m) in the Tibesti Mountains in northern Chad. The Sahara divides the continent into North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa. The southern border of the Sahara is marked by a band of semiarid savanna called the Sahel; south of the Sahel lies the lusher Sudan (region). Humans have lived on the edge of the desert for almost 500,000 years. During the last ice age, the Sahara was a much wetter place, much like East Africa, than it is today. Over 30,000 petroglyphs of river animals such as crocodiles survive in total with half found in the Tassili n'Ajjer in southeast Algeria. Fossils of dinosaurs have also been found here. The modern Sahara, though, is generally devoid of vegetation, except in the Nile Valley and at a few oasis and in some scattered mountains and has been this way since about 3rd millennium BC. 2.5 million people live in the Sahara, most of these in Mauritania, Morocco and Algeria. Dominant groups of people are the Tuareg-Berber, the Sahrawis, Moors, and different black African ethnicities including the Tubu, the Nubians, the Zaghawas and the Kanuri. The largest city is Nouakchott, Mauritania's capital. Other important cities are Tamanrasset, Algeria; Timbuktu, Mali; Agadez, Niger; Ghat, Libya; and Faya, Chad. ==History== Morocco boasts the oldest figurine known to date: 300,000 to 500,000 years ago. Algeria has provided evidence of remarkable workmanship in tool-making as early as 30,000 BC. According to some sources, prehistory Algeria was the site of the ''highest state of development'' of Middle Paleolithic flake-tool techniques. Early remnants of hominid occupation have been found in Ain el Hanech, near Saïda (ca. 200,000 B.C.). Later, Neandertal tool makers produced hand axes in the Levalloisian and Mousterian styles (ca. 43,000 B.C.) similar to those in the Levant. Tools of the era starting about 30,000 BC are called Aterian (after the site Bir el Ater), south of Annaba (city) in the north-eastern corner of Algeria, and are marked by a high standard of workmanship, great variety, and specialization. See Prehistory of Central North Africa. Bubalus Period, (35th millennium BC - 9th millennium BC), remains show artistic stone engravings, petroglyphs and pictographs made of pigment mixed with milk of animals that became extinct in the area, including the buffalo (''Bubalus antiquus''), elephant, rhinoceros, and hippopotamus. This is mainly found in the southeastern area of modern Algeria, Chad and Libya. Men are armed with clubs, throwing sticks, axes and Bow (weapon)s, but never spears. Cattle Period, (8th millennium BC - 5th millennium BC), beginning of a pastoral economy, domestication cattle, sheep and goats, and the discovery of pottery making. Manufacturing of polished stone axes, grindstones and arrowheads, and the predominant use of bow and arrows for hunting. Domesticated animals are Asian imports. The later era shows the origins of villages supporting large populations and cattle herding. Berber Period, (30th century BC - 700 BC), The early period shows the importation of horses, camels and milking cows and large scale agriculture. The use and forging of iron came about from trade with the Phoenicians (c. 13th century BC). They created a confederation of kingdoms across the entire Sahara to Egypt, generally settling on the coasts but sometimes in the desert also. By 25th century BC the Sahara was as dry as it is today and it became a largely impenetrable barrier to humans, with only scattered settlements around the oases, but little trade or commerce through the desert. The one major exception was the Nile Valley. This well watered section of the desert became one of the most densely populated regions on the planet and the home to one of humanity's earliest civilizations. The Nile, however, was impassable at several cataracts making trade and contact difficult. Over time Egypt spread south and technologies such as iron working, and perhaps ideas such as that of monarchy spread into Nubia and further south. Sometime between 633 and 530 BC Hanno the Navigator either established or reinforced Phoenician colonies in the Western Sahara, but all ancient remains have vanished with virtually no trace. See History of Western Sahara. By 500 BC a new influence arrived in the form of the Ancient Greece and Phoenicians. Greek traders spread along the eastern coast of the desert, establishing trading colonies along the Red Sea coast. The Carthaginians explored the Atlantic coast of the desert. The turbulence of the waters and the lack of markets never led to an extensive presence further south than modern Morocco. Centralized states thus surrounded the desert on the north and east; it remained outside of the control of these states. Raids from the nomadic Berber people of the desert were a constant concern of those living on the edge of the desert. The greatest change in the history of the Sahara arrived with the Arab invasion that brought camels to the region. For the first time an efficient trade across the Sahara desert could be conducted. The kingdoms of the Sahel grew rich and powerful exporting gold to North Africa. The emirates along the Mediterranean sent south manufactured goods and horses. From the Sahara itself salt was exported. This process turned the scattered oasis communities into trading centres, and brought them under the control of the empires on the edge of the desert. This trade persisted for several centuries until the development in Europe of the caravel allowed ships, first from Portugal but soon from all Western Europe, to sail around the desert and gather the resources from the source in Guinea (region). The Sahara was rapidly remarginalized. The colonial powers also largely ignored the region, but the modern era has seen a number of mines and communities develop to exploit the desert's natural resources. These include large deposits of oil and gas in Algeria and Libya and large deposits of Phosphate in Morocco and Western Sahara. mtDNA analyses (see [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=11393336 Z. Brakez et al., "Human mitochondrial DNA sequence variation in the Moroccan population of the Souss area" extract]) found that various populations have contributed to the present-day gene pool of the Souss region of southern Morocco, including Berbers, Arabs, Phoenicians, Sephardic Jews, and sub-Saharan Africans. Throughout the Sahara, Berbers, Arabs, and sub-Saharan Africans are significantly represented genetically. ==Ecology : Sahara ecoregions== * Sahara Desert (ecoregion) (PA1327) * West Saharan montane xeric woodlands (PA 1332) ==See also== * Richat Structure * Western Sahara * Desertification * Trans-Saharan trade * Arabian-Nubian Shield * Nile * Red Sea ==External links== *[http://www.sahara-overland.com/routes/index.htm Trans-Sahara routes] ==References== *Michael Brett and Elizabeth Frentess. The Berbers. Blackwell Publishers. 1996. *Hugh Kennedy. Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of al-Andalus. Longman, 1996. *Abdallah Laroui. The History of the Maghrib: An Interpretive Essay. Princeton, 1977. *Charles-Andre Julien. History of North Africa: From the Arab Conquest to 1830. Praeger, 1970 Deserts of Africa Ecoregions Sahara African geography Arabic words simple:Sahara Desert
i need to learn about the sahara in 4,000 B.C and what the people did yo survive? == Arabic pronunciation of the word "sahara" == What we have a recording of is an arabic speaker saying the word for "desert" an arabic, which is usually transliterated "sahara". Is this what the Sahara desert is called in arabic? Or is this supposed to be the "correct" pronunciation of the English word "Sahara" (never mind that I don't think English contains either the h sound or the r sound that are used in that file)? Don't get me wrong, I think it's cool having an arabic ogg file, but my friend the arabic speaker was immediately surprised that this was being listed on this page. --User:Aarchiba 05:24, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC) === History of Sahara and the origin of the word Sahara === The history of Sahara at those early times can be found Sahara#History. The word Sahara is of Arabic origin which means Desert in English. You can have a look at the List_of_English_words_of_Arabic_origin. User:FayssalF 05:38, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC) === Pronunciation === Look, the pronunciation file is ''not'' a recording of the name of the desert. It's a recording of the Arabic word for desert, from which the English name for the desert is derived. It would be misleading to give the impression that that's the correct way to say the name of the desert in English - the English vowels are all different, and the h in particular has a completely different sound. Perhaps unfortunately, the Arabic would normally be transliterated to look just like "Sahara". --User:Aarchiba 05:16, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC) == Asinine revisions == ===>'''Let's be reasonable:''' 70.49.170.143, please don't put claims that directly contradict evidence in an article - that is confusing and useless to readers. Please also do not delete relevant sections without commenting on the Sahara Talk page. Please also do not insert childish diatribes with poor punctuation in the middle of an article. The web page referenced doesn't have a bibliography '''because it's just an abstract'''. Did you even look at this page? It's not racist to mention this study - please be reasonable. If you have a political axe to grind, feel free to consult some message board, this is a place for learning and fact. User:Koavf 16:32, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC) :look i sent you an e-mail about this the fact is that the study is a bunch of bs.. race does genetically exist and it is impossible to know what a person's race through looking at his gene code. :this is a fact http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,8122-1331319_1,00.html :secound that link claims to have examined one of the southern most parts of morocco in the sahara.Even if you were to agree with the so called study then you should know it is not talking about north africans but about saharans. who live between the two areas,the caucasian north african and black africa.Also morroco has different populations too like arabs,berbers,europeans and black sub-saharans so you can't pick 20 or whatever random morrocans. :Another thing morocco is a coutry that has a lot of different people like european looking people in the atlas part of and saharan people in the souss area that the article claims to study. :I don't have any political axe to grind i just don't want people to read this false info or should i say abstract info.Anything in an encyclopedia should have bibiography and not some abstract bs that anyone can write. :lastly race only exists on the physical level according to any bio or socalogy professors :i know this because i am a socalogy and bio student in university :http://www.rednova.com/news/display/?id=10801 :Europe, North Africa, western Asia and the Indian subcontinent, whose people have wavy or somewhat curly hair, sharp facial features (especially a narrow, prominent nose), and abundant facial and bodily hair :Please stop giving people mis information by using some site that does not give proof for what it says. :this is one of the reasons why many professors in my university don't accept internet sources as true sources when one is writeing an essay. :Every human being shares more than 99.9 per cent of their DNA with everybody else, and the tiny variations that remain differ more within ethnic groups than between them, a major review of the evidence says. :It is impossible to look at people’s genetic code and deduce whether they are black, Caucasian or Asian, and there is no human population that fits the biological definition of a race, the study found http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,8122-1331319_1,00.html :please stop giving false facts ok :thanks Posted by 70.49.170.143 ::The idea that population genetics is impossible is completely inconsistent with the facts. However, that the Souss Valley is scarcely representative of Morocco is a whole is certainly true - and no genetics study should ever be cited as if it were the last word on the subject, because (as I've seen at Berber) they frequently disagree with each other. The field is still young. - User:Mustafaa 04:18, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC) :i think the human genome project and top universitys would have have facts straght and most university today teach what that article states. about it being impossible to tell a person's race through genes. so i think those are the facts. and i belive even some polical figures in the states have quoted this. :and even if it isn't just one study should be posted as fact here... :that is why i wanted that part removed... Posted by 70.49.170.143 at 06:37, Apr 17, 2005 :Yesterday, in a special issue of the journal Nature Genetics, the published results of a survey of human variation as expressed in the human genome map conclude that race and ethnicity are no longer satisfactory categories for discerning differences among the human race. "It is impossible to look at people’s genetic code and deduce whether they are black, Caucasian or Asian, and there is no human population that fits the biological definition of a race, the study found."[1] Race and ethnicity are nothing more than culturally based forms of taxonomy. The study also concluded: :"The human genome map has shown that if two people of any ethnic origin are selected at random, only between 1 in 1,000 and 1 in 1,500 of their genes will differ. This makes our species among the most homogeneous known to science: populations of chimpanzees and fruit flies differ much more from one another in genetic terms. A typical Caucasian’s genes will be as similar—and as different—to those of another Caucasian as they will be to a black African or a Chinese person." :http://www.newquaker.com/2004_10_24_blogarchive.htm :http://www.religionnewsblog.com/9124-Gene_tests_prove_that_we_are_all_the_same_under_the_skin.html :science,regelion all these people are accepting the fact... Posted by 70.49.170.143 at 06:43, Apr 17, 2005 === Identity of participants and style of editing === Hi 70.49.170.143! Your comments are very welcomed. However, they should be explained here and not in the main article. I see that you've stopped "commenting" there and that you are participating here instead. You may be right but everything needs to be discussed and agreed about before any major edits in the main article. Another comment I have regarding your edits here is about the way they are structured. It is very hard to realize where your comment starts and where it does end plus that there is no identity information (no identity mark, no dates included) unless one goes checking on the history page; which is time consuming. I am sorry I got to fix that without your consent but it was for the sake of clarity. It would be very nice if you just add a note in order to help readers and participants find out about that fact. I would also suggest,-if you don't mind, that you get a Wikipedia account as probably you will be contributing from time to time. User:FayssalF 12:46, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC) == Shipbuilding in the Sahara == There are facts about shipbuilding in the area in the Babalus period. I reverted the article to the last version indicating these facts. Please check out these references : [http://www.raceandhistory.com/historicalviews/ancientamerica.htm Race and history], [http://www.physicsdaily.com/physics/Sahara Physicsdaily.com]. Cheers User:FayssalF 00:56, May 21, 2005 (UTC) User talk:FayssalF :Please refer to WP:V, Wikipedia:Reliable sources and Wikipedia:Check your facts for reasons why not any old website can be used as a serious source. Additionally, the content we are talking about has been added by in an attempt to lend credibility to all sorts of outlandish claims added to other articles. He has responded evasively to several inquiries of other editors questioning his sources and editing patterns on his talk page. Also, if you check out the links referred to above, you will see that there actually are ''no facts whatsoever'' about shipbuilding in this area. All we have are weak 'indications' and 'hints' that require a great stretch of the imagination (or indeed a pervasive Afro-centric bias) to serve as 'evidence' for shipbuilding in the Sahara. The theory is not notable. Anyone who wants to promote theories like this should keep them at his own website. Wikipedia is not the place for this. — User:Mark Dingemanse User Talk:Mark Dingemanse 09:13, 24 May 2005 (UTC) == Antarctica? == The opening sentence states that Antarctica is the largest desert in the world. I have not heard that one before and was under the impression that glaciers don't count as deserts. I know there are cold ice-free deserts in Antarctica but rather small compared to the glacier itself. Any thoughts on this? --User:Biekko 23:37, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)
Deserts of Africa
I'm only starting to get used to this, but it seems like an interesting project. I don't know what to say, so...umm...yeah. My main interest is politics (mainly American and British, but a few other places as well). There's so much done already - (I mean, there's already articles on almost all of the List of mayors of Chicago!) - it's hard to find places that need my help. I've made contributions to the following articles: *Eugene Sawyer *Patrick Dalzel-Job
Rex listed you on the vandalism in progress page for Stolen Honor. This hasn't been the first time he's pulled this crap, and he's been User_talk:Rex071404/archive2#Vandalism_in_progress not to use ViP for content disputes, but Rex is the type of person who ignores the rules when it suits him. Just thought I'd give you a heads up. User:Gamaliel 01:49, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC) == Don't let Rex get you down... == ... and don't let him drag you down to his level, either. That's just my advice, but keep in mind that Rex is ''not'' representative of the average Wikipedian. And the average Wikipedian is very sick of him and his antics. He'll do everything he can to try and rattle you: he'll lie to you, he'll make empty threats to call RfAs on you, he'll call you a sockpuppet and a vandal -- but see, everything he does is logged in the edit history. If you ''don't get lured'' into doing it back to him, then anyone looking at the edit history can see clearly that all the bad faith has been from him. That's my strategy, anyways. Good luck! -- User:Antaeus Feldspar 02:55, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC) ==Arbitration proceeding: User Rex071404 3== I've begun an arbitration proceeding based in part on Rex's attacks on you. See Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration#User:Rex071404 3. The next step is for the Arbitration Committee to vote on whether to accept it. The Arbitration Committee has wide powers to deal with problem users. You can read more about the procedure at Wikipedia:Arbitration policy. You don't need to do anything; I'm just letting you know for information. If the ArbCom accepts the case, you or anyone else can add evidence, but I think I've covered it pretty thoroughly already. As the others have said to you, don't let Rex discourage you from participating here! User:JamesMLane 06:55, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC) :My answer to JamesMLane's most recent attempt at advancing his admitted agenda of getting me hard banned can be read here [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikipedia:Requests_for_arbitration&diff=6215147&oldid=6215133]. User:Rex071404__">User:Rex071404|User:Rex071404 16:23, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
Words begining with Sahara:
Sahara
Sahara
Sahara
Sahara
Sahara
Sahara,_Teirra_Mia
Saharan
Saharanpur
Saharanpur_Division
Saharans
Saharan_Africa
Saharan_Atlas
Saharan_Cypress
Saharan_dust
Saharan_Horned_Viper
Saharan_horned_viper
Saharan_languages
Saharan_languages
Saharan_rock_art
Saharan_rock_art
Saharawi
Saharawis
Saharawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic
Sahara_(1943_film)
Sahara_(1943_movie)
Sahara_(1983_movie)
Sahara_(2005_movie)
Sahara_(disambiguation)
Sahara_(hotel_and_casino)
Sahara_(movie)
Sahara_(television_series)
Sahara_Airlines
Sahara_Airlines(Algeria)
Sahara_Airlines_(Algeria)
Sahara_Beara
Sahara_Desert
Sahara_Desert
Sahara_desert
Sahara_Desert_(ecoregion)
Sahara_Desert_(ecoregion)
Sahara_Hotnights
Sahara_hotnights
Sahara_India_Pariwar
Sahara_India_Pariwar
Sahara_Knite
Sahara_Manoranjan
Sahara_Stadium_Kingsmead
Sahara
The Sahara is the world's second largest desert (second to Antarctica), over 9,000,000 km² (3,500,000 mi²), located in northern Africa and is 2.5 million years old. The entire land area of the United States would fit inside it. Its name, ''Sahara'', is an English pronuciation of the word for ''desert'' in Arabic language (صحراء ). ==Overview== The boundaries of the Sahara are the Atlantic Ocean on the west, the Atlas Mountains and the Mediterranean Sea on the north, the Red Sea and Egypt on the east, and the Sudan and the valley of the River Niger on the south. Sahara is divided into western Sahara, the central Ahaggar Mountains, the Tibesti Mountains, the Aïr Mountains (a region of desert mountains and high plateaus), Tenere desert and the Libyan desert (the most arid region). The highest peak in the Sahara is Emi Koussi (3415 m) in the Tibesti Mountains in northern Chad. The Sahara divides the continent into North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa. The southern border of the Sahara is marked by a band of semiarid savanna called the Sahel; south of the Sahel lies the lusher Sudan (region). Humans have lived on the edge of the desert for almost 500,000 years. During the last ice age, the Sahara was a much wetter place, much like East Africa, than it is today. Over 30,000 petroglyphs of river animals such as crocodiles survive in total with half found in the Tassili n'Ajjer in southeast Algeria. Fossils of dinosaurs have also been found here. The modern Sahara, though, is generally devoid of vegetation, except in the Nile Valley and at a few oasis and in some scattered mountains and has been this way since about 3rd millennium BC. 2.5 million people live in the Sahara, most of these in Mauritania, Morocco and Algeria. Dominant groups of people are the Tuareg-Berber, the Sahrawis, Moors, and different black African ethnicities including the Tubu, the Nubians, the Zaghawas and the Kanuri. The largest city is Nouakchott, Mauritania's capital. Other important cities are Tamanrasset, Algeria; Timbuktu, Mali; Agadez, Niger; Ghat, Libya; and Faya, Chad. ==History== Morocco boasts the oldest figurine known to date: 300,000 to 500,000 years ago. Algeria has provided evidence of remarkable workmanship in tool-making as early as 30,000 BC. According to some sources, prehistory Algeria was the site of the ''highest state of development'' of Middle Paleolithic flake-tool techniques. Early remnants of hominid occupation have been found in Ain el Hanech, near Saïda (ca. 200,000 B.C.). Later, Neandertal tool makers produced hand axes in the Levalloisian and Mousterian styles (ca. 43,000 B.C.) similar to those in the Levant. Tools of the era starting about 30,000 BC are called Aterian (after the site Bir el Ater), south of Annaba (city) in the north-eastern corner of Algeria, and are marked by a high standard of workmanship, great variety, and specialization. See Prehistory of Central North Africa. Bubalus Period, (35th millennium BC - 9th millennium BC), remains show artistic stone engravings, petroglyphs and pictographs made of pigment mixed with milk of animals that became extinct in the area, including the buffalo (''Bubalus antiquus''), elephant, rhinoceros, and hippopotamus. This is mainly found in the southeastern area of modern Algeria, Chad and Libya. Men are armed with clubs, throwing sticks, axes and Bow (weapon)s, but never spears. Cattle Period, (8th millennium BC - 5th millennium BC), beginning of a pastoral economy, domestication cattle, sheep and goats, and the discovery of pottery making. Manufacturing of polished stone axes, grindstones and arrowheads, and the predominant use of bow and arrows for hunting. Domesticated animals are Asian imports. The later era shows the origins of villages supporting large populations and cattle herding. Berber Period, (30th century BC - 700 BC), The early period shows the importation of horses, camels and milking cows and large scale agriculture. The use and forging of iron came about from trade with the Phoenicians (c. 13th century BC). They created a confederation of kingdoms across the entire Sahara to Egypt, generally settling on the coasts but sometimes in the desert also. By 25th century BC the Sahara was as dry as it is today and it became a largely impenetrable barrier to humans, with only scattered settlements around the oases, but little trade or commerce through the desert. The one major exception was the Nile Valley. This well watered section of the desert became one of the most densely populated regions on the planet and the home to one of humanity's earliest civilizations. The Nile, however, was impassable at several cataracts making trade and contact difficult. Over time Egypt spread south and technologies such as iron working, and perhaps ideas such as that of monarchy spread into Nubia and further south. Sometime between 633 and 530 BC Hanno the Navigator either established or reinforced Phoenician colonies in the Western Sahara, but all ancient remains have vanished with virtually no trace. See History of Western Sahara. By 500 BC a new influence arrived in the form of the Ancient Greece and Phoenicians. Greek traders spread along the eastern coast of the desert, establishing trading colonies along the Red Sea coast. The Carthaginians explored the Atlantic coast of the desert. The turbulence of the waters and the lack of markets never led to an extensive presence further south than modern Morocco. Centralized states thus surrounded the desert on the north and east; it remained outside of the control of these states. Raids from the nomadic Berber people of the desert were a constant concern of those living on the edge of the desert. The greatest change in the history of the Sahara arrived with the Arab invasion that brought camels to the region. For the first time an efficient trade across the Sahara desert could be conducted. The kingdoms of the Sahel grew rich and powerful exporting gold to North Africa. The emirates along the Mediterranean sent south manufactured goods and horses. From the Sahara itself salt was exported. This process turned the scattered oasis communities into trading centres, and brought them under the control of the empires on the edge of the desert. This trade persisted for several centuries until the development in Europe of the caravel allowed ships, first from Portugal but soon from all Western Europe, to sail around the desert and gather the resources from the source in Guinea (region). The Sahara was rapidly remarginalized. The colonial powers also largely ignored the region, but the modern era has seen a number of mines and communities develop to exploit the desert's natural resources. These include large deposits of oil and gas in Algeria and Libya and large deposits of Phosphate in Morocco and Western Sahara. mtDNA analyses (see [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=11393336 Z. Brakez et al., "Human mitochondrial DNA sequence variation in the Moroccan population of the Souss area" extract]) found that various populations have contributed to the present-day gene pool of the Souss region of southern Morocco, including Berbers, Arabs, Phoenicians, Sephardic Jews, and sub-Saharan Africans. Throughout the Sahara, Berbers, Arabs, and sub-Saharan Africans are significantly represented genetically. ==Ecology : Sahara ecoregions== * Sahara Desert (ecoregion) (PA1327) * West Saharan montane xeric woodlands (PA 1332) ==See also== * Richat Structure * Western Sahara * Desertification * Trans-Saharan trade * Arabian-Nubian Shield * Nile * Red Sea ==External links== *[http://www.sahara-overland.com/routes/index.htm Trans-Sahara routes] ==References== *Michael Brett and Elizabeth Frentess. The Berbers. Blackwell Publishers. 1996. *Hugh Kennedy. Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of al-Andalus. Longman, 1996. *Abdallah Laroui. The History of the Maghrib: An Interpretive Essay. Princeton, 1977. *Charles-Andre Julien. History of North Africa: From the Arab Conquest to 1830. Praeger, 1970 Deserts of Africa Ecoregions Sahara African geography Arabic words simple:Sahara Desert
Sahara
i need to learn about the sahara in 4,000 B.C and what the people did yo survive? == Arabic pronunciation of the word "sahara" == What we have a recording of is an arabic speaker saying the word for "desert" an arabic, which is usually transliterated "sahara". Is this what the Sahara desert is called in arabic? Or is this supposed to be the "correct" pronunciation of the English word "Sahara" (never mind that I don't think English contains either the h sound or the r sound that are used in that file)? Don't get me wrong, I think it's cool having an arabic ogg file, but my friend the arabic speaker was immediately surprised that this was being listed on this page. --User:Aarchiba 05:24, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC) === History of Sahara and the origin of the word Sahara === The history of Sahara at those early times can be found Sahara#History. The word Sahara is of Arabic origin which means Desert in English. You can have a look at the List_of_English_words_of_Arabic_origin. User:FayssalF 05:38, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC) === Pronunciation === Look, the pronunciation file is ''not'' a recording of the name of the desert. It's a recording of the Arabic word for desert, from which the English name for the desert is derived. It would be misleading to give the impression that that's the correct way to say the name of the desert in English - the English vowels are all different, and the h in particular has a completely different sound. Perhaps unfortunately, the Arabic would normally be transliterated to look just like "Sahara". --User:Aarchiba 05:16, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC) == Asinine revisions == ===>'''Let's be reasonable:''' 70.49.170.143, please don't put claims that directly contradict evidence in an article - that is confusing and useless to readers. Please also do not delete relevant sections without commenting on the Sahara Talk page. Please also do not insert childish diatribes with poor punctuation in the middle of an article. The web page referenced doesn't have a bibliography '''because it's just an abstract'''. Did you even look at this page? It's not racist to mention this study - please be reasonable. If you have a political axe to grind, feel free to consult some message board, this is a place for learning and fact. User:Koavf 16:32, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC) :look i sent you an e-mail about this the fact is that the study is a bunch of bs.. race does genetically exist and it is impossible to know what a person's race through looking at his gene code. :this is a fact http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,8122-1331319_1,00.html :secound that link claims to have examined one of the southern most parts of morocco in the sahara.Even if you were to agree with the so called study then you should know it is not talking about north africans but about saharans. who live between the two areas,the caucasian north african and black africa.Also morroco has different populations too like arabs,berbers,europeans and black sub-saharans so you can't pick 20 or whatever random morrocans. :Another thing morocco is a coutry that has a lot of different people like european looking people in the atlas part of and saharan people in the souss area that the article claims to study. :I don't have any political axe to grind i just don't want people to read this false info or should i say abstract info.Anything in an encyclopedia should have bibiography and not some abstract bs that anyone can write. :lastly race only exists on the physical level according to any bio or socalogy professors :i know this because i am a socalogy and bio student in university :http://www.rednova.com/news/display/?id=10801 :Europe, North Africa, western Asia and the Indian subcontinent, whose people have wavy or somewhat curly hair, sharp facial features (especially a narrow, prominent nose), and abundant facial and bodily hair :Please stop giving people mis information by using some site that does not give proof for what it says. :this is one of the reasons why many professors in my university don't accept internet sources as true sources when one is writeing an essay. :Every human being shares more than 99.9 per cent of their DNA with everybody else, and the tiny variations that remain differ more within ethnic groups than between them, a major review of the evidence says. :It is impossible to look at people’s genetic code and deduce whether they are black, Caucasian or Asian, and there is no human population that fits the biological definition of a race, the study found http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,8122-1331319_1,00.html :please stop giving false facts ok :thanks Posted by 70.49.170.143 ::The idea that population genetics is impossible is completely inconsistent with the facts. However, that the Souss Valley is scarcely representative of Morocco is a whole is certainly true - and no genetics study should ever be cited as if it were the last word on the subject, because (as I've seen at Berber) they frequently disagree with each other. The field is still young. - User:Mustafaa 04:18, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC) :i think the human genome project and top universitys would have have facts straght and most university today teach what that article states. about it being impossible to tell a person's race through genes. so i think those are the facts. and i belive even some polical figures in the states have quoted this. :and even if it isn't just one study should be posted as fact here... :that is why i wanted that part removed... Posted by 70.49.170.143 at 06:37, Apr 17, 2005 :Yesterday, in a special issue of the journal Nature Genetics, the published results of a survey of human variation as expressed in the human genome map conclude that race and ethnicity are no longer satisfactory categories for discerning differences among the human race. "It is impossible to look at people’s genetic code and deduce whether they are black, Caucasian or Asian, and there is no human population that fits the biological definition of a race, the study found."[1] Race and ethnicity are nothing more than culturally based forms of taxonomy. The study also concluded: :"The human genome map has shown that if two people of any ethnic origin are selected at random, only between 1 in 1,000 and 1 in 1,500 of their genes will differ. This makes our species among the most homogeneous known to science: populations of chimpanzees and fruit flies differ much more from one another in genetic terms. A typical Caucasian’s genes will be as similar—and as different—to those of another Caucasian as they will be to a black African or a Chinese person." :http://www.newquaker.com/2004_10_24_blogarchive.htm :http://www.religionnewsblog.com/9124-Gene_tests_prove_that_we_are_all_the_same_under_the_skin.html :science,regelion all these people are accepting the fact... Posted by 70.49.170.143 at 06:43, Apr 17, 2005 === Identity of participants and style of editing === Hi 70.49.170.143! Your comments are very welcomed. However, they should be explained here and not in the main article. I see that you've stopped "commenting" there and that you are participating here instead. You may be right but everything needs to be discussed and agreed about before any major edits in the main article. Another comment I have regarding your edits here is about the way they are structured. It is very hard to realize where your comment starts and where it does end plus that there is no identity information (no identity mark, no dates included) unless one goes checking on the history page; which is time consuming. I am sorry I got to fix that without your consent but it was for the sake of clarity. It would be very nice if you just add a note in order to help readers and participants find out about that fact. I would also suggest,-if you don't mind, that you get a Wikipedia account as probably you will be contributing from time to time. User:FayssalF 12:46, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC) == Shipbuilding in the Sahara == There are facts about shipbuilding in the area in the Babalus period. I reverted the article to the last version indicating these facts. Please check out these references : [http://www.raceandhistory.com/historicalviews/ancientamerica.htm Race and history], [http://www.physicsdaily.com/physics/Sahara Physicsdaily.com]. Cheers User:FayssalF 00:56, May 21, 2005 (UTC) User talk:FayssalF :Please refer to WP:V, Wikipedia:Reliable sources and Wikipedia:Check your facts for reasons why not any old website can be used as a serious source. Additionally, the content we are talking about has been added by in an attempt to lend credibility to all sorts of outlandish claims added to other articles. He has responded evasively to several inquiries of other editors questioning his sources and editing patterns on his talk page. Also, if you check out the links referred to above, you will see that there actually are ''no facts whatsoever'' about shipbuilding in this area. All we have are weak 'indications' and 'hints' that require a great stretch of the imagination (or indeed a pervasive Afro-centric bias) to serve as 'evidence' for shipbuilding in the Sahara. The theory is not notable. Anyone who wants to promote theories like this should keep them at his own website. Wikipedia is not the place for this. — User:Mark Dingemanse User Talk:Mark Dingemanse 09:13, 24 May 2005 (UTC) == Antarctica? == The opening sentence states that Antarctica is the largest desert in the world. I have not heard that one before and was under the impression that glaciers don't count as deserts. I know there are cold ice-free deserts in Antarctica but rather small compared to the glacier itself. Any thoughts on this? --User:Biekko 23:37, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)
Sahara
Deserts of Africa
Sahara
I'm only starting to get used to this, but it seems like an interesting project. I don't know what to say, so...umm...yeah. My main interest is politics (mainly American and British, but a few other places as well). There's so much done already - (I mean, there's already articles on almost all of the List of mayors of Chicago!) - it's hard to find places that need my help. I've made contributions to the following articles: *Eugene Sawyer *Patrick Dalzel-Job
Sahara
Rex listed you on the vandalism in progress page for Stolen Honor. This hasn't been the first time he's pulled this crap, and he's been User_talk:Rex071404/archive2#Vandalism_in_progress not to use ViP for content disputes, but Rex is the type of person who ignores the rules when it suits him. Just thought I'd give you a heads up. User:Gamaliel 01:49, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC) == Don't let Rex get you down... == ... and don't let him drag you down to his level, either. That's just my advice, but keep in mind that Rex is ''not'' representative of the average Wikipedian. And the average Wikipedian is very sick of him and his antics. He'll do everything he can to try and rattle you: he'll lie to you, he'll make empty threats to call RfAs on you, he'll call you a sockpuppet and a vandal -- but see, everything he does is logged in the edit history. If you ''don't get lured'' into doing it back to him, then anyone looking at the edit history can see clearly that all the bad faith has been from him. That's my strategy, anyways. Good luck! -- User:Antaeus Feldspar 02:55, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC) ==Arbitration proceeding: User Rex071404 3== I've begun an arbitration proceeding based in part on Rex's attacks on you. See Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration#User:Rex071404 3. The next step is for the Arbitration Committee to vote on whether to accept it. The Arbitration Committee has wide powers to deal with problem users. You can read more about the procedure at Wikipedia:Arbitration policy. You don't need to do anything; I'm just letting you know for information. If the ArbCom accepts the case, you or anyone else can add evidence, but I think I've covered it pretty thoroughly already. As the others have said to you, don't let Rex discourage you from participating here! User:JamesMLane 06:55, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC) :My answer to JamesMLane's most recent attempt at advancing his admitted agenda of getting me hard banned can be read here [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikipedia:Requests_for_arbitration&diff=6215147&oldid=6215133]. User:Rex071404__">User:Rex071404|User:Rex071404 16:23, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
S
SB | SC | SD | SE | SF | SG | SH | SI | SJ | SK | SL | SM | SN | SO | SP | SR | SS | ST | SU | SW | SX | SY | SZ |Words begining with Sahara:
Sahara
Sahara
Sahara
Sahara
Sahara
Sahara,_Teirra_Mia
Saharan
Saharanpur
Saharanpur_Division
Saharans
Saharan_Africa
Saharan_Atlas
Saharan_Cypress
Saharan_dust
Saharan_Horned_Viper
Saharan_horned_viper
Saharan_languages
Saharan_languages
Saharan_rock_art
Saharan_rock_art
Saharawi
Saharawis
Saharawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic
Sahara_(1943_film)
Sahara_(1943_movie)
Sahara_(1983_movie)
Sahara_(2005_movie)
Sahara_(disambiguation)
Sahara_(hotel_and_casino)
Sahara_(movie)
Sahara_(television_series)
Sahara_Airlines
Sahara_Airlines(Algeria)
Sahara_Airlines_(Algeria)
Sahara_Beara
Sahara_Desert
Sahara_Desert
Sahara_desert
Sahara_Desert_(ecoregion)
Sahara_Desert_(ecoregion)
Sahara_Hotnights
Sahara_hotnights
Sahara_India_Pariwar
Sahara_India_Pariwar
Sahara_Knite
Sahara_Manoranjan
Sahara_Stadium_Kingsmead
These materials are based on Wikipedia and licensed under the GNU FDL
YouTube.com videos better site than Turbo Tax 2007
