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SWAT:''For other uses, see Swat.'' SWAT is an acronym for Special Weapons And Tactics. Originally named "Special Weapons Attack Tactics." In the United States, it is the most commonly known name to the public of a specialized paramilitary police unit in major city police departments who are trained to perform dangerous operations. These can include coordinated attacks on selected targets such as heavily armed criminals in secure locations. They are typically equipped with heavier armaments than ordinary police officers with available arms including submachine guns, carbines, specialized tear gas and Hand grenade#Concussion grenades grenades, and high-powered rifles for "marksmen" (snipers). == History == The first SWAT unit was created in the city of Delano, California, California in the 1960s in response to the farmworker uprisings led by the then-new UFW headed by Cesar Chavez. This unit was a department-wide team which received specialized crowd control, sniper/counter-sniper and counter-force training. After seeing the Delano PD in action on the news broadcasts, the Los Angeles, California police attended their training, then expanded on the concept using L.A.'s added resources of money, personnel and matériel, creating the specialized SWAT units within the department that are so well-known today. In the 1960s Los Angeles had some serious troubles with sniping incidents against police officers and civilians. Common police officers didn't handle those situations at all well, because line police officers, whose job is simple law enforcement, get limited weapons training, very little weapons practice, and effectively no team combat tactics or "counterforce" capability. Classic "riot police" (crowd control) squads also seemed not to be up to the challenge presented by these events. Officer John Nelson (LAPD officer) came up with the idea to form a specially trained and equipped unit, intended to respond to and manage critical situations while minimizing police casualties. Inspector Daryl F. Gates approved this idea, and he formed a small select group of volunteer officers. This first SWAT unit was initially constituted as 15 teams of four men each, for a total staff of 60. These officers were given special status and benefits. They had to attend special monthly training. This unit also served as security unit for police facilities during civil unrest. In the LAPD, SWAT units were listed as "Platoon 'D'". The first challenge for LAPD's SWAT unit was on 9 December 1969: a four-hour confrontation with members of The Black Panthers. The Panthers finally surrendered; the casualty tally was three Panthers wounded and three police officers wounded. By 1974 there was general acceptance and implementation of SWAT as a resource for the city and county of Los Angeles. On the afternoon of 17 May, 1974, LAPD SWAT took on one of its most significant challenges. Elements of a group which called itself the "Symbionese Liberation Army" (SLA), a group of heavily-armed terrorists, barricaded themselves in a residence on East 54th Street at Compton Avenue. Coverage of the siege was broadcast to millions via television and radio and read about in the world press for days after. Appeals to surrender were made to the barricaded suspects on 26 separate occasions, 18 preceding the introduction of tear gas, and 10 during the ensuing confrontation. Not a single round was fired by police until their initial appeals had been answered by repeated volleys of semi-automatic and fully automatic gunfire. Despite the later-calculated firing of 3,772 rounds by the SLA, no uninvolved citizens or police officers sustained injury from gunfire. The fate of the suspects, however, was somewhat different. During the gun battle, a fire erupted inside the residence. The cause of the fire is officially unknown. Police sources speculated that an errant round ignited one of the suspect's molotov cocktails. Others suspect that the repeated use of tear gas grenades, which function by burning chemicals at high temperatures, started the structure fire. All six of the suspects suffered multiple gunshot wounds and perished in the ensuing blaze. Another famous incident is the North Hollywood shootout, 28 February 1997. == Training == In 1983, SWAT supervisors are said to have taken part in coordinated training with somewhat similar response teams in Europe, including the German GSG-9, French GIGN and British Special Air Service. Note that SWAT is sometimes characterized as "paramilitary" whereas units such as the SAS are actual elements of their country's military forces. At the time, a US legal principle called the Posse Comitatus Act was generally believed to prohibit such cross-training of SWAT with elements of the US military. Over 2,000 hours of training per officer were invested in each operator in order to make this new concept a reality. In the 19 days of the 1984 Summer Games, SWAT officers reportedly worked a grueling 24 hours on and 24 hours off in a full-time training mode to use and hone their skills. 1984 Summer Olympics came and went without an incident, but the counter-terrorism skills developed during that time reportedly raised the team to a new level. Since its inception, LAPD SWAT Team members have effected the safe rescue of numerous hostages, arrested scores of violent suspects and earned hundreds of commendations and citations, including several Medals of Valor, the Department's highest award for heroism in the line of duty. The LAPD SWAT Team has rescued dozens of hostages and currently handles approximately 90 barricaded suspect incidents and 50 high-risk warrants a year. This kind of police unit quickly became well known with the premiere of the short-lived but notorious television series ''SWAT (TV series)'' in the 1970s, which was panned as being overly violent and unrealistic with the characters regularly undergoing missions that usually happen only once in a lifetime for actual teams. A later series of PC games with a SWAT theme was authorized by Retired Chief Darryl Gates more than a decade later. == SWAT Gear == SWAT teams use specially-manufactured gear that works well in close-quarters combat (or CQC) in an urban enviornment. SWAT gear varies from unit to unit, but there are some consistent trends in what they wear and use. Clothing consists of fire-proof Nomex cover-alls, a bullet-proof vest, an outer tactical vest that carries equipment, Nomex gloves, a balaclava, tactical goggles, a Kevlar helmet or gas mask, soft-soled urban boots, flexi-cuffs, and thigh ammo pouches. Weaponry usually consists of submachine guns (SMGs), usually the 9mm Heckler_und_Koch MP5, often times the MP5A4 variant with a dual-magazine capacity add-on. They may also use other carbines, usually a scaled down version or otherwise derivative of the military M16 (rifle)/M4_Carbine weapons. The 9mm GLOCK and .45 caliber Colt M1911 are popular choices for a sidearm. Breachings shotguns are used to blow out the locks on locked doors, as well as small C2_explosive charges. SWAT teams also employ snipers (called "High-ground") which may be equipped with any number of sniper rifles. Various grenades, called tactical aids, are used to disorient or incapacitate the suspects in a room before the SWAT team enters. These tactical aids consists of Flashbang grenades, which emit a loud noise and blinding light, CS gas grenades, which release tear gas, and Stinger grenades which shoot out tiny rubber balls in all directions. SWAT teams employ fiber-optic cameras to safely look under doors or around corners without exposing themselves. Non-lethal weaponry includes a Flexible_baton_round shotgun, which launches a bean-bag at a high but non-lethal velocity at a suspect. The purpose of a SWAT team is to save lives, so the use of non-lethal weapons is preferred to lethal alternatives. == SWAT and similar units in the United States == Though initially confined to metropolitan cities, today virtually all cities with a police force in excess of a handful of officers have a paramilitary tactical unit. A variety of abbreviations and acronyms are used. A partial list of active SWAT teams and affiliate organizations in USA: ===Federal Agencies=== *United States Park Police [http://www.nps.gov/uspp/tspecial.htm Special Forces Branch] *Federal Bureau of Prisons Special Operations and Response Teams, Hostage Rescue Team *Federal Bureau of Investigation Special Operations and Response Teams *Drug Enforcement Administration Special Operations and Special Mission Units *United States Marshals Service [http://www.usdoj.gov/marshals/duties/ops.htm Special Operations and Programs] *United States Customs Service Special Response Teams and Air Interdiction *United States Secret Service USSS Counter Assault Team (CAT) *United States Department of Energy Special Response Teams ===State and Local Police=== *Milwaukee Police Department Tactical Enforcement Unit (TEU, 700's, Tac Squad or The Unit) *Eufaula SWAT *Escondido T.O.U. *Hillsborough SWAT *Huntington Beach Police SWAT *Huntington Park Police SERT *New York Police Department ESU (Emergency Services Unit) *Palm Springs PD S.W.A.T. *Placer County Sheriff's Department S.W.A.T. *San Jose Police M.E.R.G.E. Unit *Del Ray Beach Police SWAT Team *Florida S.W.A.T. Association *Leon Co. Sheriffs Office SWAT *Suwanee Co. Sheriff S.R.T. *Carmel SWAT Team *Marion County Sheriff's Department S.W.A.T. *Hyattsville Police H.E.A.T *Massachusetts State Police S.T.O.P. Team *Jackson Police Dept. SWAT *Dona Ana County Sheriff's Office SRT *Hendersonville S.E.T. *Washington County Sheriff's Office of Tactical Negotiations *Baldwin Borough Police SWAT *Johnstown Police CERT *National Tactical Officers Association *Chattanooga Police SWAT Team *Texas Assoc. of Hostage Negotiators *Texas Tactical Police Officer's Association *City of Newburgh, NY SWAT Team *Olympia Police SWAT *Spokane Police SWAT *Seattle Police SWAT *Fond du Lac Police SWAT *Boston Police Department Boston Police Special Operations Unit *Suffolk County Police Dept. (NY) ESU, Special Patrol Unit, Street Crimes Unit *Suffolk County Sheriff's Dept. (NY) ERT * New York State Police Special Response Team * Franklin County Sheriff Swat Team Columbus OHIO ==Synonyms for SWAT== *STAR *Emergency Response Team *Hostage Rescue Team *Special Operations Group *Special Emergency Response Team *Critical Incident Response Team *Emergency Services Unit *Special Response Team *Tactical Response Unit ==Related units outside the United States== *Royal Canadian Mounted Police ''Emergency Response Team'', Canada *Toronto Police ''Emergency Task Force'', Canada *Metropolitan Police ''SO19'', London, England *French Gendarmerie ''Groupe d'Intervention de la Gendarmerie Nationale'' and ''EPIGN'', France *French National Police ''Recherche Assistance Intervention Dissuasion'', France *Bundesgrenzschutz ''Grenzschutzgruppe 9'', Germany *An Garda Síochána ''Emergency Response Unit'', Republic of Ireland *Guardia Civil (Spain) ''UEI'', Spain *''Nationella insatsstyrkan'', Sweden *''Karhu Ryhmä'', Finland *Hong Kong Police ''Special Duties Unit'', Hong Kong *''BOPE'', Rio de Janeiro, Brazil *''Armed Defenders Squad, New Zealand Law enforcement in the United States Los Angeles history SWATThere might be a mention of the upcoming movie... ? --User:Daniel C. Boyer 19:26 19 Jul 2003 (UTC) And the game SWAT 3 by Sierra, which has a lot of info on SWAT Tactics. User:Doidimais Brasil 21:18, Dec 7, 2003 (UTC) == article of the week == I know there's a lot of information on this page (technically), but I think it has a long way to go and is all jumbled together. Anyone else agree? I would nominate it, but it's not quite a stub. No, this should NOT be an article of the week. It reeks of pro-SWAT and especially pro-LAPD biases. While it is not worth flagging as POV, it is not a good example of NPOV to hold up to new viewers. There needs to be some toning down, some acknowledgement of critics (and I am sufficiently pro-police myself that I can't represent them), and a more neutral discussion of the history. User:clarka 28 Sept 2004 :I agree with the comment above. This is ''not'' a good example of encyclopaedic material. This is sufficiently far from my areas of interest that I can't be bothered to start improving it by deleting all the unnecessary superlatives, but someone should.--User:81.42.154.191 00:56, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC) Can't we rename this ''Los Angeles SWAT'' or something or merge into the LAPD article? It seems to have virtually nothing about any other SWAT unit. And the claim that the LAPD SWAT is "somewhat similar" to the SAS is rather peculiar. The British police forces have their own equivalents to the SWAT units. The SAS are soldiers (as the article says). -- User:Necrothesp 13:14, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC) :I suggest it would likely be better to expand on other units. I was thinking of mentioning Toronto's ETF (Emergency Task Force), although I wondered what to include, other than the fact it exists... User:Krupo 21:33, Sep 28, 2004 (UTC) :I wrote a page on the RCMP Emergency Response Team... Never heard of the ETF, though... User:AndrewM1 23:16, Sep 28, 2004 (UTC) ::Toronto "SWAT" unit. Very professional. Made the news recently when a sniper had to take out a man holding a woman hostage in front of the main train station. They, probably like many such units, consider it a successful mission when no one's harmed. Funny fact about their history: around since 1965, originally created to deal with strikes(!) More info on their site. [http://www.torontopolice.on.ca/etf/] User:Krupo 03:27, Sep 29, 2004 (UTC) SwatSwat has several meanings: * a SWAT (Special Weapons and Tactics) team * ''S.W.A.T. (TV Series)'', a 1970's TV series * ''S.W.A.T. (movie)'', a 2003 movie based on the series * ''SWAT Series'', a series of videogames where the player assumes the role of a SWAT team member * Swat (Pakistan), a province of Pakistan See other meanings of words starting from letter: SSB | SC | SD | SE | SF | SG | SH | SI | SJ | SK | SL | SM | SN | SO | SP | SR | SS | ST | SU | SW | SX | SY | SZ |Words begining with SWAT: SWAT SWAT Swat Swatantra Swatantra_Bharat_Party Swatantra_Party Swatantra_party Swatara Swatara Swatara_Creek Swatara_Township,_Dauphin_County,_PA Swatara_Township,_Dauphin_County,_Pennsylvania Swatara_Township,_Lebanon_County,_PA Swatara_Township,_Lebanon_County,_Pennsylvania Swatara_Township,_PA Swatara_Township,_Pennsylvania SWATbot Swatch Swatch Swatch Swatch Swatchel Swatchmobile Swatch_(disambig) Swatch_(disambiguation) Swatch_Group Swatch_Internet_Time Swatch_Internet_Time Swatch_Internet_time SWATH Swather Swathithirunal Swathi_Kiranam Swathi_Muthyam Swathi_Muthyam Swathi_Thirunal Swathi_Thirunal_Rama_Varma Swath_Ship Swati Swati Swati_language Swati_Tirunaal Swatou Swatow Swattenden Swattenden Swattie Swat_(district) Swat_(Pakistan) SWAT_(TV_series) SWAT_3:_Close_Quarters_Battle SWAT_Cats Swat_Cats Swat_District Swat_district SWAT_Kats Swat_Kats SWAT_Kats:_The_Radical_Squadron SWAT_Kats:_The_Radical_Squadron Swat_Kats_characters SWAT_Series SWAT_Team Swat_Valley SWAT_van |
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