
#redirect Romanesque architecture
[[Image:St_michaelis.jpg|right|thumb|Romanesque St. Michaelis Cathedral (1010-33) in Hildesheim – a World Heritage Site]] The name Romanesque, like many other stylistic designations, was not a term contemporary with the art it describes but an invention of modern scholarship to categorize a Cultural movement. The term "Romanesque" attempts to link the architecture, especially, of the 11th century and 12th century centuries in Middle Ages Europe to Roman Architecture based on similarities of forms and materials. Romanesque is characterized by a use of round or slightly pointed arches, barrel vaults, cruciform piers supporting vaults, and groin vaults. The great carved portals of 12th century church facades parallel the architectural novelty of the period—monumental stone sculpture seems reborn in the Romanesque. Romanesque seems to have been the first pan-European style since Roman Architecture and examples are found in every part of the continent. One important fact pointed out by the stylistic similarity of buildings across Europe is the relative mobility of Middle Ages people. Contrary to many modern ideas of life before the Industrial Revolution, merchants, nobles, knights, artisans, and peasants crossed Europe and the Mediterranean world for business, war, and religious pilgrimage, carrying their knowledge of what buildings in different places looked like. The important pilgrimage routes to Santiago de Compostela in Galicia (Spain), modern north east Spain, may have generated as well as spread some aspects of the Romanesque style. ==Surviving Romanesque buildings== Listed below are examples of surviving Romanesque buildings in modern France, Germany, Spain, Ireland, Italy, England, Netherlands, Scandinavia and Central Europe. ===France=== * Saint-Foy, Conques * Saint-Sernin, Toulouse * Saint-Bénigne, Dijon * Notre-Dame-du-Port, Clermont-Ferrand * Saint-Austremoine, Issoire * Notre-Dame, Orcival * Saint-Nectaire * Saint-Saturnin * Saint-Pierre, Angoulême * Saint-Trophime, Arles * Sainte-Madeleine, Vezelay * Sainte-Croix, Bordeaux [[Image:Jumièges.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Romanesque abbey church of Jumièges, Normandy]] * Paray-le-Monial * Saint-Front, Perigueux * Notre-Dame-la-Grande, Poitiers * Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe * abbey church, Cluny * Chapaize * Abbatiale de Cruas * Abbey of Vigeois, Limousin * Tour Fenestrelle, Uzès * Fontevrault * Autun * Normandy : ** abbey church, Jumièges, Seine-Maritime ** abbey church of Saint-Georges-de-Boscherville, Seine-Maritime ** Saint-Étienne, Caen, Calvados ** Sainte-Trinité, Caen, Calvados **Cerisy-la-Forêt, Manche ** Lessay, Manche * Sant Martí del Canigó, Roussillon ===Germany=== * Mainz, St. Martin - Mainz Cathedral * Saint Michaelis and cathedral in Hildesheim * Cologne, St. Maria im Kapitol * Maria Laach, Benedictine church * Osnabrück Cathedral * Trier Cathedral ===Spain=== [[Image:RomanesqueElephant.jpg|thumb|Mural painting of a war elephant from the church of San Baudelio de Berlanga, Casillas de Berlanga, Castilla-León, Spain. 11th century.]] * León_(city) Cathedral * Ripoll * Salamanca Cathedral * San Juan de la Peña * Sant Climent de Taüll, Vall de Boí * Sant Miquel de Cuixà, Empordà, Catalonia * Santiago de Compostela * Cathedral, Ourense, Romanesque and Gothic * The 20 romanesque churches of Segovia * Tarragona Cathedral Cloister * Zamora ===Ireland=== * Cormac's Chapel, Cashel (1127-1134) * Aghadoe, County Kerry (1158) * Nuns' Church, Clonmacnoise (1167) * Tuam Cathedral and Crosses (c. 1184) * Ardmore Church and Round Tower, County Waterford * Baltinglass Cistercian Abbey, County Wicklow * Boyle Cistercian Abbey, County Roscommon * Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin * Clonfert Cathedral, County Galway * Cong Abbey, County Galway * Devenish Round Tower and Churches, County Fermanagh * Dysert O'Dea Church and Round Tower, County Clare * Freshford, County Kilkenny * Jerpoint Cistercian Abbey, County Kilkenny * Killeshin, County Laois * Maghera, County Derry * Monaincha Abbey and Cross, County Tipperary * Rahan Church of Ireland Church, County Offaly * Timahoe Round Tower, County Laois * St. Saviour's, Glendalough ===Italy=== * Sant' Ambrogio, Milan * San Zeno, Verona, Italy * Cathedral in Pisa * San Michele, Pavia * San Miniato al Monte, Florence * Cathedral in Cefalu * Cathedral in Monza ===England=== In England, Romanesque architecture is often termed 'Norman architecture'. * Crypt of Canterbury,_Kent Canterbury Cathedral * Durham Durham Cathedral * Hereford Cathedral * Kilpeck Church, Herefordshire * Leominster Cathedral * Ludlow Castle * Peterborough Cathedral * Southwell Cathedral ===Netherlands=== * Sint Servaas, Maastricht * Onze-Lieve-Vrouwe, Maastricht * Munsterkerk, Roermond * Janskerk, Utrecht * Pieterskerk, Utrecht * St. Plechelmus, Oldenzaal * Chapel, Lemiers * Reformed church, Oirschot ===Belgium=== * cathedral in Tournai * cathedral in Nivelles ===Scandinavia=== * cathedral, Lund * cathedral, Trondheim ===Central Europe=== * S. George, Prague (Czech Republic) * rotunda of St. George in The Rip Mountain (Czech Republic) * abbey church, Jak (Hungary) * Belapatfalva church (Hungary) * S. Andreas, Krakow (Poland) ==See also== * Periods of Architecture ** Medieval architecture ** Ottonian architecture ** Gothic architecture ==External links== *[http://www.crsbi.ac.uk Corpus of Romanesque Sculpture in Britain and Ireland] *[http://correzeromane.free.fr/notice.php?nom=Vigeois Illustrated history (French)] *[http://www.art-roman.net Overview of French Romanesque art] Romanesque architecture
Medieval architecture Architectural styles
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Romanesque Architecture
#redirect Romanesque architecture
Romanesque architecture
[[Image:St_michaelis.jpg|right|thumb|Romanesque St. Michaelis Cathedral (1010-33) in Hildesheim – a World Heritage Site]] The name Romanesque, like many other stylistic designations, was not a term contemporary with the art it describes but an invention of modern scholarship to categorize a Cultural movement. The term "Romanesque" attempts to link the architecture, especially, of the 11th century and 12th century centuries in Middle Ages Europe to Roman Architecture based on similarities of forms and materials. Romanesque is characterized by a use of round or slightly pointed arches, barrel vaults, cruciform piers supporting vaults, and groin vaults. The great carved portals of 12th century church facades parallel the architectural novelty of the period—monumental stone sculpture seems reborn in the Romanesque. Romanesque seems to have been the first pan-European style since Roman Architecture and examples are found in every part of the continent. One important fact pointed out by the stylistic similarity of buildings across Europe is the relative mobility of Middle Ages people. Contrary to many modern ideas of life before the Industrial Revolution, merchants, nobles, knights, artisans, and peasants crossed Europe and the Mediterranean world for business, war, and religious pilgrimage, carrying their knowledge of what buildings in different places looked like. The important pilgrimage routes to Santiago de Compostela in Galicia (Spain), modern north east Spain, may have generated as well as spread some aspects of the Romanesque style. ==Surviving Romanesque buildings== Listed below are examples of surviving Romanesque buildings in modern France, Germany, Spain, Ireland, Italy, England, Netherlands, Scandinavia and Central Europe. ===France=== * Saint-Foy, Conques * Saint-Sernin, Toulouse * Saint-Bénigne, Dijon * Notre-Dame-du-Port, Clermont-Ferrand * Saint-Austremoine, Issoire * Notre-Dame, Orcival * Saint-Nectaire * Saint-Saturnin * Saint-Pierre, Angoulême * Saint-Trophime, Arles * Sainte-Madeleine, Vezelay * Sainte-Croix, Bordeaux [[Image:Jumièges.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Romanesque abbey church of Jumièges, Normandy]] * Paray-le-Monial * Saint-Front, Perigueux * Notre-Dame-la-Grande, Poitiers * Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe * abbey church, Cluny * Chapaize * Abbatiale de Cruas * Abbey of Vigeois, Limousin * Tour Fenestrelle, Uzès * Fontevrault * Autun * Normandy : ** abbey church, Jumièges, Seine-Maritime ** abbey church of Saint-Georges-de-Boscherville, Seine-Maritime ** Saint-Étienne, Caen, Calvados ** Sainte-Trinité, Caen, Calvados **Cerisy-la-Forêt, Manche ** Lessay, Manche * Sant Martí del Canigó, Roussillon ===Germany=== * Mainz, St. Martin - Mainz Cathedral * Saint Michaelis and cathedral in Hildesheim * Cologne, St. Maria im Kapitol * Maria Laach, Benedictine church * Osnabrück Cathedral * Trier Cathedral ===Spain=== [[Image:RomanesqueElephant.jpg|thumb|Mural painting of a war elephant from the church of San Baudelio de Berlanga, Casillas de Berlanga, Castilla-León, Spain. 11th century.]] * León_(city) Cathedral * Ripoll * Salamanca Cathedral * San Juan de la Peña * Sant Climent de Taüll, Vall de Boí * Sant Miquel de Cuixà, Empordà, Catalonia * Santiago de Compostela * Cathedral, Ourense, Romanesque and Gothic * The 20 romanesque churches of Segovia * Tarragona Cathedral Cloister * Zamora ===Ireland=== * Cormac's Chapel, Cashel (1127-1134) * Aghadoe, County Kerry (1158) * Nuns' Church, Clonmacnoise (1167) * Tuam Cathedral and Crosses (c. 1184) * Ardmore Church and Round Tower, County Waterford * Baltinglass Cistercian Abbey, County Wicklow * Boyle Cistercian Abbey, County Roscommon * Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin * Clonfert Cathedral, County Galway * Cong Abbey, County Galway * Devenish Round Tower and Churches, County Fermanagh * Dysert O'Dea Church and Round Tower, County Clare * Freshford, County Kilkenny * Jerpoint Cistercian Abbey, County Kilkenny * Killeshin, County Laois * Maghera, County Derry * Monaincha Abbey and Cross, County Tipperary * Rahan Church of Ireland Church, County Offaly * Timahoe Round Tower, County Laois * St. Saviour's, Glendalough ===Italy=== * Sant' Ambrogio, Milan * San Zeno, Verona, Italy * Cathedral in Pisa * San Michele, Pavia * San Miniato al Monte, Florence * Cathedral in Cefalu * Cathedral in Monza ===England=== In England, Romanesque architecture is often termed 'Norman architecture'. * Crypt of Canterbury,_Kent Canterbury Cathedral * Durham Durham Cathedral * Hereford Cathedral * Kilpeck Church, Herefordshire * Leominster Cathedral * Ludlow Castle * Peterborough Cathedral * Southwell Cathedral ===Netherlands=== * Sint Servaas, Maastricht * Onze-Lieve-Vrouwe, Maastricht * Munsterkerk, Roermond * Janskerk, Utrecht * Pieterskerk, Utrecht * St. Plechelmus, Oldenzaal * Chapel, Lemiers * Reformed church, Oirschot ===Belgium=== * cathedral in Tournai * cathedral in Nivelles ===Scandinavia=== * cathedral, Lund * cathedral, Trondheim ===Central Europe=== * S. George, Prague (Czech Republic) * rotunda of St. George in The Rip Mountain (Czech Republic) * abbey church, Jak (Hungary) * Belapatfalva church (Hungary) * S. Andreas, Krakow (Poland) ==See also== * Periods of Architecture ** Medieval architecture ** Ottonian architecture ** Gothic architecture ==External links== *[http://www.crsbi.ac.uk Corpus of Romanesque Sculpture in Britain and Ireland] *[http://correzeromane.free.fr/notice.php?nom=Vigeois Illustrated history (French)] *[http://www.art-roman.net Overview of French Romanesque art] Romanesque architecture
Romanesque architecture
Medieval architecture Architectural styles
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