
The United Kingdom Reform Act of 1832 (2 & 3 Will. 4, c.45; also referred to as as the Great Reform Act) introduced the first changes to electoral franchise legislation in almost one hundred and fifty years. It met strong opposition from the Tory, who had defeated earlier bills, and it required pressure on William IV of the United Kingdom and the resignation of Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey's Whig government to pass. The Act extended the franchise into the middle classes. Propertied male adults paying an annual rent of £10 or more (£2 in the rural counties) could vote. The vote was also extended to those with copyhold tenure of £10 or more and leaseholders or tenants-at-will paying £50 in rent. These changes increased the electorate from 435,000 to 652,000 (1 in 7 males) and gave greater political influence to urban centres in the north while leaving the rural areas under aristocratic control. The Act also abolished 56 rotten boroughs and removed one Member of Parliament from boroughs with fewer than 4,000 inhabitants. However, Parliament was still under the thrall of the gentry and there was still great disparity between the size of constituencies. Despite the hopes of Lord John Russell that further reform would never be necessary, popular pressure led to greater changes. == Reduced representation == === Disenfranchised and rotten Boroughs === The following electoral Boroughs were completely disfranchised by this Act (Lost all legislative representation): *Aldborough (UK Parliament constituency), North Riding of Yorkshire *Aldeburgh (UK Parliament constituency), Suffolk *Amersham (UK Parliament constituency), Buckinghamshire *Appleby (UK Parliament constituency), Westmorland *Beeralston (UK Parliament constituency), Devon *Bishops Castle (UK Parliament constituency), Shropshire *Bletchingley (UK Parliament constituency), Surrey *Boroughbridge (UK Parliament constituency), North Riding of Yorkshire *Bossiney (UK Parliament constituency), Cornwall *Brackley (UK Parliament constituency), Northamptonshire *Bramber (UK Parliament constituency), Sussex *Callington (UK Parliament constituency), Cornwall *Camelford (UK Parliament constituency), Cornwall *Castle Rising (UK Parliament constituency), Norfolk *Corfe Castle (UK Parliament constituency), Dorset *Downton (UK Parliament constituency), Wiltshire *Dunwich (UK Parliament constituency), Suffolk *East Grinstead (UK Parliament constituency), Sussex *East Looe (UK Parliament constituency), Cornwall *Fowey (UK Parliament constituency), Cornwall *Gatton (UK Parliament constituency), Surrey *Great Bedwin (UK Parliament constituency), Wiltshire *Haslemere (UK Parliament constituency), Surrey *Hedon (UK Parliament constituency), East Riding of Yorkshire *Heytesbury (UK Parliament constituency), Wiltshire *Higham Ferrers (UK Parliament constituency), Northamptonshire *Hindon (UK Parliament constituency), Wiltshire *Ilchester(UK Parliament constituency), Somerset *Lostwithiel (UK Parliament constituency), Cornwall *Ludgershall (UK Parliament constituency), Wiltshire *Milborne Port (UK Parliament constituency), Somerset *Minehead (UK Parliament constituency), Somerset *New Romney (UK Parliament constituency), Kent *Newport (UK Parliament constituency), Cornwall *Newton (UK Parliament constituency), Lancashire *Newtown (UK Parliament constituency), Isle of Wight *Okehampton (UK Parliament constituency), Devon *Old Sarum (UK Parliament constituency), Wiltshire *Orford (UK Parliament constituency), Suffolk *Plympton (UK Parliament constituency), Devon *Queenborough (UK Parliament constituency), Kent *Saltash (UK Parliament constituency), Cornwall *Seaford (UK Parliament constituency), Sussex *St Germain's (UK Parliament constituency), Cornwall *St Mawe's (UK Parliament constituency), Cornwall *St Michael's (UK Parliament constituency), Cornwall *Steyning (UK Parliament constituency), Sussex *Stockbridge (UK Parliament constituency), Hampshire *Tregony (UK Parliament constituency), Cornwall *West Looe (UK Parliament constituency), Cornwall *Wendover (UK Parliament constituency), Buckinghamshire *Weobley (UK Parliament constituency), Herefordshire *Whitchurch (UK Parliament constituency), Hampshire *Winchelsea (UK Parliament constituency), Sussex *Wootton Bassett (UK Parliament constituency), Wiltshire *Yarmouth (UK Parliament constituency), Isle of Wight === Halved franchises === The following Boroughs were reduced from 2 MPs to 1: *Andover, Hampshire *Ashburton, Devon *Berwick-upon-Tweed, Northumberland *Bridgwater, Somerset *Christchurch, Dorset *Dartmouth, Devon *Droitwich Spa, Worcestershire *Grimsby, Lincolnshire *Helston, Cornwall *Honiton, Devon *Hythe, Kent, Kent *Lancaster, England, Lancashire *Launceston, Cornwall *Liskeard, Cornwall *Lyme Regis, Dorset *Malmesbury, Wiltshire *Midhurst, Sussex *Monmouth, Monmouthshire *Morpeth, Northumberland *Northallerton, North Riding of Yorkshire *Peterborough, Northamptonshire *Rye, East Sussex, Sussex *Shaftesbury, Dorset *St Ives, Cornwall *Thirsk, North Riding of Yorkshire *Wallingford, Oxfordshire *Wareham, Dorset *Westbury, Wiltshire *Wilton, Wiltshire *Woodstock, Oxfordshire Weymouth, Dorset and Melcombe Regis in Dorset were reduced from 4 MPs to 2. == New enfranchisements == The following Boroughs were enfranchised: === Boroughs given 1 MP === *Ashton-under-Lyne, Lancashire *Birkenhead, Cheshire *Bury, Lancashire *Chatham, Kent *Cheltenham, Gloucestershire *Dudley, Worcestershire *Frome, Somerset *Gateshead, County Durham *Huddersfield, West Riding of Yorkshire *Kendal, Westmorland *Kidderminster, Worcestershire *Rochdale, Lancashire *South Shields, County Durham *Salford, Lancashire *Tynemouth, Northumberland *Wakefield, West Riding of Yorkshire *Walsall, Staffordshire *Warrington, Lancashire *Whitby, North Riding of Yorkshire === Boroughs given 2 MPs === *Birmingham, Warwickshire *Blackburn, Lancashire *Bolton, Lancashire *Bradford, West Riding of Yorkshire *Devonport, Devon *Greenwich, Kent *Halifax, West Riding of Yorkshire *Lambeth, Surrey *Leeds, West Riding of Yorkshire *Macclesfield, Cheshire *Manchester, Lancashire *Marylebone, Middlesex *Retford, Nottinghamshire *Sheffield, West Riding of Yorkshire *Stoke, Staffordshire *Stroud, Gloucestershire, Gloucestershire *Sunderland, County Durham *Tower Hamlets, Middlesex *Wolverhampton, Staffordshire === Other changes === The Isle of Wight, having had its three small boroughs disenfranchised, was given its first single MP for the whole area. Yorkshire, which had 4 MPs, was given 2 MPs for each of the 3 Ridings, East Riding of Yorkshire, North Riding of Yorkshire and West Riding of Yorkshire. Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire, Dorset, Herefordshire and Hertfordshire were now to have 3 MPs instead of 2. == County divisions == The following counties were divided into two districts, each with 2 MPs: *Cornwall *Cheshire *Cumberland, England *Derbyshire *Devon *Durham *Essex *Gloucestershire *Hampshire *Kent *Lancashire *Leicestershire *Lincolnshire *Norfolk *Northamptonshire *Northumberland *Nottinghamshire *Shropshire *Somerset *Staffordshire *Suffolk *Surrey *Sussex *Warwickshire *Wiltshire *Worcestershire == Scotland and Ireland == In Scotland, the counties each continued to elect 1 member each. Edinburgh and Glasgow now had 2 MPs; Aberdeen, Dundee, Greenock, Paisley and Perth, Scotland 1 each. The remaining Burghs combined in districts to elect 18 MPs. Ireland's representation remained unchanged. British laws 1832 in law
''There was strong opposition from the Tories, who had defeated earlier bills, and it required pressure on William IV and the resignation of the Whig government to pass.'' :I don't understand if the Act is opposed to by the Tories it would requires the Whigs to resign to pass??? Which party actually passed it and how did the Whigs' resignation fit into it? User:Stephen C. Carlson ::The Whigs introduced the Reform Bill in March 1831. AFAIK, they were in government from 1830 to 1834 (under Charles_Grey,_2nd_Earl_Grey and William_Lamb,_2nd_Viscount_Melbourne), so the 1832 Act must have passed under them - though this run might have been interrupted. I'm not sure exactly what this resignation entailed, or when it happened, but I would presume that Grey threatened to resign (and perhaps went through the formalities) in order to blackmail the House_of_Lords (with a Tory majority) into passing the Bill and the King into giving it Royal assent. :::There were elections in 1831 and 1832. User:Phlogistomania 21:05, May 8, 2005 (UTC) ::If the Whig government had resigned, the Tories would have been unable to form a majority in the British_House_of_Commons and government would have ground to a halt. This did happen several times between the 1830s and the 1870s, Whig and Liberal governments resigning, the Tories/Conservatives forming a minority government which soon fell when it couldn't pass a budget or any legislation, leading to a general election which usually returned a Whig/Liberal Commons majority with a renewed mandate. - Gregg ==Title == I notice the article is currently at "Reform Act 1832", while the talk page is at "Talk:Reform Act of 1832". I notice also that google has 7 times as many hits for the title with the "of" in it than without. I am therefore about to move the article to the title "Reform Act of 1832". If there is a reason that the title should omit "of", please explain, and I will move it back. -- User:Infrogmation 06:06, 17 Nov 2004 (UTC) : British acts of Parliament are usually named in the format ''Foobar Act 2004''. It's not a big deal (and the standard didn't always exist, qv Act of Settlement, Acts of Union), but the original name is more likely to be correct and, certainly, sits more comfortable to my (British English) eyes… :o) — User:OwenBlacker 18:32, Nov 17, 2004 (UTC) :: Have now moved it back. :: See Talk:List of Acts of Parliament in the United Kingdom#Summary of naming conventions, where I listed how I understood the naming convention to be, and no-one objected in 6 months, so I guess it's sort-of policy. Maybe I should move it to a sub-branch of the MoS... :: User:Jdforrester User_talk:Jdforrester 02:15, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC) == Size of the Electorate after the Act == This article states that there were 652,000 electors after the act. 827,776 votes were cast in the 1832 General Election. Something's not quite right here. User:Phlogistomania 21:07, May 8, 2005 (UTC) ==Errors in list== There appears to be a number of errors in the list of rotten boroughs abolished in 1832. It does not conform to the list on http://www.nationalarchives.g ov.uk/pathways/citizenship/struggle_democracy/transcripts/great_reform.htm (a clearer version is at http://dspace.dial.pipex.com/town/terrace/adw03/peel/refact/refact.htm), so I'm modifying it. User:Jooler 09:52, 18 May 2005 (UTC)
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Words begining with Reform_Act_1832:
Reform_Act_1832
Reform_Act_1832
Reform Act 1832
The United Kingdom Reform Act of 1832 (2 & 3 Will. 4, c.45; also referred to as as the Great Reform Act) introduced the first changes to electoral franchise legislation in almost one hundred and fifty years. It met strong opposition from the Tory, who had defeated earlier bills, and it required pressure on William IV of the United Kingdom and the resignation of Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey's Whig government to pass. The Act extended the franchise into the middle classes. Propertied male adults paying an annual rent of £10 or more (£2 in the rural counties) could vote. The vote was also extended to those with copyhold tenure of £10 or more and leaseholders or tenants-at-will paying £50 in rent. These changes increased the electorate from 435,000 to 652,000 (1 in 7 males) and gave greater political influence to urban centres in the north while leaving the rural areas under aristocratic control. The Act also abolished 56 rotten boroughs and removed one Member of Parliament from boroughs with fewer than 4,000 inhabitants. However, Parliament was still under the thrall of the gentry and there was still great disparity between the size of constituencies. Despite the hopes of Lord John Russell that further reform would never be necessary, popular pressure led to greater changes. == Reduced representation == === Disenfranchised and rotten Boroughs === The following electoral Boroughs were completely disfranchised by this Act (Lost all legislative representation): *Aldborough (UK Parliament constituency), North Riding of Yorkshire *Aldeburgh (UK Parliament constituency), Suffolk *Amersham (UK Parliament constituency), Buckinghamshire *Appleby (UK Parliament constituency), Westmorland *Beeralston (UK Parliament constituency), Devon *Bishops Castle (UK Parliament constituency), Shropshire *Bletchingley (UK Parliament constituency), Surrey *Boroughbridge (UK Parliament constituency), North Riding of Yorkshire *Bossiney (UK Parliament constituency), Cornwall *Brackley (UK Parliament constituency), Northamptonshire *Bramber (UK Parliament constituency), Sussex *Callington (UK Parliament constituency), Cornwall *Camelford (UK Parliament constituency), Cornwall *Castle Rising (UK Parliament constituency), Norfolk *Corfe Castle (UK Parliament constituency), Dorset *Downton (UK Parliament constituency), Wiltshire *Dunwich (UK Parliament constituency), Suffolk *East Grinstead (UK Parliament constituency), Sussex *East Looe (UK Parliament constituency), Cornwall *Fowey (UK Parliament constituency), Cornwall *Gatton (UK Parliament constituency), Surrey *Great Bedwin (UK Parliament constituency), Wiltshire *Haslemere (UK Parliament constituency), Surrey *Hedon (UK Parliament constituency), East Riding of Yorkshire *Heytesbury (UK Parliament constituency), Wiltshire *Higham Ferrers (UK Parliament constituency), Northamptonshire *Hindon (UK Parliament constituency), Wiltshire *Ilchester(UK Parliament constituency), Somerset *Lostwithiel (UK Parliament constituency), Cornwall *Ludgershall (UK Parliament constituency), Wiltshire *Milborne Port (UK Parliament constituency), Somerset *Minehead (UK Parliament constituency), Somerset *New Romney (UK Parliament constituency), Kent *Newport (UK Parliament constituency), Cornwall *Newton (UK Parliament constituency), Lancashire *Newtown (UK Parliament constituency), Isle of Wight *Okehampton (UK Parliament constituency), Devon *Old Sarum (UK Parliament constituency), Wiltshire *Orford (UK Parliament constituency), Suffolk *Plympton (UK Parliament constituency), Devon *Queenborough (UK Parliament constituency), Kent *Saltash (UK Parliament constituency), Cornwall *Seaford (UK Parliament constituency), Sussex *St Germain's (UK Parliament constituency), Cornwall *St Mawe's (UK Parliament constituency), Cornwall *St Michael's (UK Parliament constituency), Cornwall *Steyning (UK Parliament constituency), Sussex *Stockbridge (UK Parliament constituency), Hampshire *Tregony (UK Parliament constituency), Cornwall *West Looe (UK Parliament constituency), Cornwall *Wendover (UK Parliament constituency), Buckinghamshire *Weobley (UK Parliament constituency), Herefordshire *Whitchurch (UK Parliament constituency), Hampshire *Winchelsea (UK Parliament constituency), Sussex *Wootton Bassett (UK Parliament constituency), Wiltshire *Yarmouth (UK Parliament constituency), Isle of Wight === Halved franchises === The following Boroughs were reduced from 2 MPs to 1: *Andover, Hampshire *Ashburton, Devon *Berwick-upon-Tweed, Northumberland *Bridgwater, Somerset *Christchurch, Dorset *Dartmouth, Devon *Droitwich Spa, Worcestershire *Grimsby, Lincolnshire *Helston, Cornwall *Honiton, Devon *Hythe, Kent, Kent *Lancaster, England, Lancashire *Launceston, Cornwall *Liskeard, Cornwall *Lyme Regis, Dorset *Malmesbury, Wiltshire *Midhurst, Sussex *Monmouth, Monmouthshire *Morpeth, Northumberland *Northallerton, North Riding of Yorkshire *Peterborough, Northamptonshire *Rye, East Sussex, Sussex *Shaftesbury, Dorset *St Ives, Cornwall *Thirsk, North Riding of Yorkshire *Wallingford, Oxfordshire *Wareham, Dorset *Westbury, Wiltshire *Wilton, Wiltshire *Woodstock, Oxfordshire Weymouth, Dorset and Melcombe Regis in Dorset were reduced from 4 MPs to 2. == New enfranchisements == The following Boroughs were enfranchised: === Boroughs given 1 MP === *Ashton-under-Lyne, Lancashire *Birkenhead, Cheshire *Bury, Lancashire *Chatham, Kent *Cheltenham, Gloucestershire *Dudley, Worcestershire *Frome, Somerset *Gateshead, County Durham *Huddersfield, West Riding of Yorkshire *Kendal, Westmorland *Kidderminster, Worcestershire *Rochdale, Lancashire *South Shields, County Durham *Salford, Lancashire *Tynemouth, Northumberland *Wakefield, West Riding of Yorkshire *Walsall, Staffordshire *Warrington, Lancashire *Whitby, North Riding of Yorkshire === Boroughs given 2 MPs === *Birmingham, Warwickshire *Blackburn, Lancashire *Bolton, Lancashire *Bradford, West Riding of Yorkshire *Devonport, Devon *Greenwich, Kent *Halifax, West Riding of Yorkshire *Lambeth, Surrey *Leeds, West Riding of Yorkshire *Macclesfield, Cheshire *Manchester, Lancashire *Marylebone, Middlesex *Retford, Nottinghamshire *Sheffield, West Riding of Yorkshire *Stoke, Staffordshire *Stroud, Gloucestershire, Gloucestershire *Sunderland, County Durham *Tower Hamlets, Middlesex *Wolverhampton, Staffordshire === Other changes === The Isle of Wight, having had its three small boroughs disenfranchised, was given its first single MP for the whole area. Yorkshire, which had 4 MPs, was given 2 MPs for each of the 3 Ridings, East Riding of Yorkshire, North Riding of Yorkshire and West Riding of Yorkshire. Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire, Dorset, Herefordshire and Hertfordshire were now to have 3 MPs instead of 2. == County divisions == The following counties were divided into two districts, each with 2 MPs: *Cornwall *Cheshire *Cumberland, England *Derbyshire *Devon *Durham *Essex *Gloucestershire *Hampshire *Kent *Lancashire *Leicestershire *Lincolnshire *Norfolk *Northamptonshire *Northumberland *Nottinghamshire *Shropshire *Somerset *Staffordshire *Suffolk *Surrey *Sussex *Warwickshire *Wiltshire *Worcestershire == Scotland and Ireland == In Scotland, the counties each continued to elect 1 member each. Edinburgh and Glasgow now had 2 MPs; Aberdeen, Dundee, Greenock, Paisley and Perth, Scotland 1 each. The remaining Burghs combined in districts to elect 18 MPs. Ireland's representation remained unchanged. British laws 1832 in law
Reform Act 1832
''There was strong opposition from the Tories, who had defeated earlier bills, and it required pressure on William IV and the resignation of the Whig government to pass.'' :I don't understand if the Act is opposed to by the Tories it would requires the Whigs to resign to pass??? Which party actually passed it and how did the Whigs' resignation fit into it? User:Stephen C. Carlson ::The Whigs introduced the Reform Bill in March 1831. AFAIK, they were in government from 1830 to 1834 (under Charles_Grey,_2nd_Earl_Grey and William_Lamb,_2nd_Viscount_Melbourne), so the 1832 Act must have passed under them - though this run might have been interrupted. I'm not sure exactly what this resignation entailed, or when it happened, but I would presume that Grey threatened to resign (and perhaps went through the formalities) in order to blackmail the House_of_Lords (with a Tory majority) into passing the Bill and the King into giving it Royal assent. :::There were elections in 1831 and 1832. User:Phlogistomania 21:05, May 8, 2005 (UTC) ::If the Whig government had resigned, the Tories would have been unable to form a majority in the British_House_of_Commons and government would have ground to a halt. This did happen several times between the 1830s and the 1870s, Whig and Liberal governments resigning, the Tories/Conservatives forming a minority government which soon fell when it couldn't pass a budget or any legislation, leading to a general election which usually returned a Whig/Liberal Commons majority with a renewed mandate. - Gregg ==Title == I notice the article is currently at "Reform Act 1832", while the talk page is at "Talk:Reform Act of 1832". I notice also that google has 7 times as many hits for the title with the "of" in it than without. I am therefore about to move the article to the title "Reform Act of 1832". If there is a reason that the title should omit "of", please explain, and I will move it back. -- User:Infrogmation 06:06, 17 Nov 2004 (UTC) : British acts of Parliament are usually named in the format ''Foobar Act 2004''. It's not a big deal (and the standard didn't always exist, qv Act of Settlement, Acts of Union), but the original name is more likely to be correct and, certainly, sits more comfortable to my (British English) eyes… :o) — User:OwenBlacker 18:32, Nov 17, 2004 (UTC) :: Have now moved it back. :: See Talk:List of Acts of Parliament in the United Kingdom#Summary of naming conventions, where I listed how I understood the naming convention to be, and no-one objected in 6 months, so I guess it's sort-of policy. Maybe I should move it to a sub-branch of the MoS... :: User:Jdforrester User_talk:Jdforrester 02:15, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC) == Size of the Electorate after the Act == This article states that there were 652,000 electors after the act. 827,776 votes were cast in the 1832 General Election. Something's not quite right here. User:Phlogistomania 21:07, May 8, 2005 (UTC) ==Errors in list== There appears to be a number of errors in the list of rotten boroughs abolished in 1832. It does not conform to the list on http://www.nationalarchives.g ov.uk/pathways/citizenship/struggle_democracy/transcripts/great_reform.htm (a clearer version is at http://dspace.dial.pipex.com/town/terrace/adw03/peel/refact/refact.htm), so I'm modifying it. User:Jooler 09:52, 18 May 2005 (UTC)
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