
: ''This article is about the Renaissance artist. For other uses, please see Raphael (disambiguation).'' Raphael or Raffaello, a painter and architect of the Florence school in the Italy High Renaissance, was born on April 6 1483 and died on his 37th birthday, April 6 1520 (see the note below about earlier confusion about these dates). He was also called Raffaello Sanzio, Raffaello Santi, Raffaello de Urbino or Rafael Sanzio de Urbino. His life was described in Giorgio Vasari's ''Vite.'' Born in Urbino, he studied in Perugia under Pietro Perugino; but after moving to Florence, Italy he soon adopted the styles of Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. == Major works == [[Image:Sanzio 01.jpg|thumb|300px|right|''Raphael Rooms'' (1509)]] Raphael is best known for his Madonna (art)s and Holy families and for his large frescoes in the Vatican Palace. Indeed, in 1509 he was called to Rome to decorate the Vatican ''Stanze'' (rooms), for Pope Julius II. The best known of these works are ''Raphael Rooms'' and the ''Disputation on the Blessed Sacrament,'' two large, arch-shaped frescoes, the first depicting the philosophers of Antiquity grouped around Plato and Aristotle and the second depicting Christian theologys grouped under Jesus. Under Pope Leo X he was chief architect of Saint Peter's Basilica in 1514 and he was named as a sort of supervisor for Roman archaeology research. He died on his 37th birthday in Rome (reportedly just weeks before Leo was to invest him as a Cardinal (Catholicism)), deeply lamented by all who knew his value. His body lay for a while in state in one of the rooms in which he had demonstrated his genius, and he was honoured with a public funeral. His last work, the Transfiguration, was carried before him in the funeral procession. The unrelenting hand of death (says his biographer) set a period to his labours, and deprived the world of further benefit from his talents, when he had only attained an age at which most other men are but beginning to be useful. "We see him in his cradle (said Fuseli); we hear him stammer; but propriety rocked the cradle, and character formed his lips."[http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/1/1/3/8/11387/11387-h/11387-h.htm] He was interred in the Pantheon, Rome, the country's most honored place. == Dates of birth and death == There is often confusion about Raphael's dates. Sources variously say: (a) Raphael died on his 37th birthday; (b) he died on the eve of his 37th birthday; (c) both his dates of birth and death were Good Friday; and (d) there have been mistakes in converting from the Julian Calendar to the Gregorian Calendar. Clearly, these statements cannot all be true. The truth seems to be as follows: * The Gregorian Calendar has no relevance to Raphael. It was not introduced until 62 years after his death, and it was not retrospective. The Julian Calendar applies to him exclusively. * Raphael was born on Sunday April 6 1483. * He died on his 37th birthday, Good Friday April 6 1520. * He was survived by Stephanos Tolbertieri, his most prized pupil whom he treated as a son. == See also == * Raphael Cartoons == External links and references == * [http://www.kfki.hu/~arthp/bio/r/raphael/biograph.html Raffaello Sanzio Biography] * [http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/raphael/ Webmuseum, Paris: Raphael] * [http://www.artsworld.com/art-architecture/biographies/p-r/raffaello-sanzio-raphael.html Artsworld: Biography: Raffaello Sanzio Raphael] * [http://www.abcgallery.com/R/raphael/raphaelbio.html Olga's Gallery: Raphael] * [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/raphael.html Artcyclopedia: Raphael] * [http://www.unesco.org/phiweb/uk/raphael/raphael.html Exhibition: Raphael: Art and Philosophy] * [http://www.isidore-of-seville.com/angels/20.html Parodies and misuses of Raphael's cherubs from the Sistine Madona] la:Raphael Sanctius Urbinas li:Rafaël 1483 births 1520 deaths Italian architects Italian painters Renaissance art Natives of the Marche
== Raphael's birth and death dates == The text is a little problematical. * The date of 6 April 1483 has been calculated using the Proleptic Gregorian Calendar. My question: Why? The Gregorian was introduced on 15 October 1582, and was NOT retrospectively applied. The Proleptic Gregorian was a later invention for use in scientific contexts, and it has no relevance for the dating of ordinary historical events. Just as the Julian Calendar does not apply to dates on or after 15 October 1582 in Italy (and some other countries), the (Proleptic) Gregorian does not apply to events occurring prior to that time. If Raphael was born on Good Friday 1483, and that day fell on 28 March (using the only calendar then available, the Julian), then 28 March 1483 is Raphael's date of birth and 6 April 1483 is simply wrong. * Similar argument for his date of death. If he died on the eve of his 37th birthday, that means he died in 1520, by which time the Julian Calendar was still in place. The only correct date we should use is 27 March 1520. * Paragraph 3 under "Major works" says he died on his 37th birthday, but the last line of the article says he died on the eve of his 37th birthday. At least one of these is incorrect. Does anybody know the truth? * I have also seen it written that both his dates of birth and death were Good Friday. Can anybody verify or refute this? Cheers User:JackofOz 06:13, 19 Jan 2005 (UTC) :I'd like to know if what appears in the article is speculation on the part of the person who posted it, or if he or she can point us to some other source of that information. :I agree especially with your first bulleted paragraph. If he was indeed born on Good Friday, and that fell on 28 March 1483 Julian, then he was probably born on 28 March Julian, and the 6 April date is just an error. Note that 6 April was a Sunday on the Julian calendar, Friday on the proleptic Gregorian calendar. :But the conclusions drawn in the article is based on a speculation that if the date of birth was on the Julian calendar, the date of death must have been as well. That doesn't hold water. :*Dates of birth are often harder to verify than dates of death, especially in those days long before registration of births. Dates of death of famous people, however, are generally available from a variety of sources, so it is unlikely that any discrepancy there would have remained uncommented on for very long. :Good Friday in 1520, at least in the Danish calendar calculations in the "Dage" program, was on 6 April 1520 Julian calendar. So if his birth and death were indeed both on Good Friday on the Julian calendar, the only Christian calendar in use then, he would have been one week past his birthday at his death. User:Gene Nygaard 06:09, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC) * Ah-hah! The plot thickens. Thanks for that, and let's hope the 'Raphael guru' makes him- or herself known soon. Cheers User:JackofOz 06:53, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC) ::I searched the histories of the relevant pages and found that at the creation of Raphael (disambiguation) on Feb 12, 2002 (as the article Raphael) 62.253.67.6 gave birth and death dates of "April 6?, 1483 - 1520". On the same date 151.24.190.229 changed the dates to "Urbino, April 6?, 1483 - Rome, April 6, 1520" and added the sentence "He died at 37, on his birthday", all of which he apparently got from the current ''Encyclopaedia Britannica'' article on Raphael. Then on Feb 15, 2002 User:Wesley removed the question mark. On Nov 13, 2002 User:Eclecticology transferred those dates to Raffaello Santi when he merged Raphael with it, and changed Raphael into a disambiguation page. Finally the note on those dates was added to Raffaello Santi on Apr 15, 2004 by 32.106.41.158. It appears that the last writer converted April 6, 1520 (Gregorian) to March 27, 1520 (Julian) thus concluding that he died on the eve of his birthday (and failed to remove the note that he died on his birthday). The [http://87.1911encyclopedia.org/R/RA/RAPHAEL_SANZIO.htm 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica article on Raphael Sanzio] states on its last page that he died on "Good Friday (April 6) 1520, at the age of thirty-seven, exactly". I suspect that he did indeed die on April 6, 1520 at the age of 37. I also suspect that someone thought that that also meant that April 6, 1483 was a Good Friday. [http://www.artist-biography.info/artist/raphael/] states that he was born on Good Friday in 1483. I confirm via [http://www.ely.anglican.org/cgi-bin/easter] that April 6, 1483 (Julian) was not a Good Friday (it was Sunday). ::I recommend that the birth and death dates at the top of the article (April 6, 1483 - April 6, 1520) should not be changed (except delete "see note below"), and that the erroneous speculative note on the dates be removed. It might be advisable to note that he died on Good Friday but was not born on Good Friday, possibly as part of the "He died on his thirty-seventh birthday" sentence. — User:Joe Kress 12:32, Jan 31, 2005 (UTC) ::: I '''concur'' with that recommendation. User:Gene Nygaard 13:01, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC). Thanks folks for that excellent bit of research. I have now made some amendments to the main page. Cheers User:JackofOz 01:12, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)
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Words begining with Raphael:
Raphael
Raphael
Raphael's_Rooms
Raphaelle_Peale
Raphael_(angel)
Raphael_(archangel)
Raphael_(archangel)
Raphael_(disambiguation)
Raphael_(Ninja_Turtle)
Raphael_(security_industry)
Raphael_(security_industry)
Raphael_Bombelli
Raphael_Cartoons
Raphael_Cilento
Raphael_Eitan
Raphael_Fabretti
Raphael_Finkel
Raphael_Holinshed
Raphael_Holinshed
Raphael_Hurley
Raphael_Kaulla
Raphael_Lemkin
Raphael_Liraz
Raphael_liraz
Raphael_liraz
Raphael_Louis_Zengel
Raphael_M._Robinson
Raphael_Maklouf
Raphael_Martos
Raphael_Méndez
Raphael_nadjari
Raphael_of_Brooklyn
Raphael_Poiree
Raphaël_Poirée
Raphael_Robinson
Raphael_Rooms
Raphael_Saadiq
Raphael_Saddiq
Raphael_Santi
Raphael_Sanzio
Raphael_Semmes
Raphael_Smith
Raphael_Sobiehrd-Mnishovsky
Raphael_Sonenshein
Raphael_sonenshein
Raphael_Soriano
Raphael_the_Archangel
Raphael_Urbinas
Raphael_von_Koeber
Raphael_Wicky
Raphael_wicky
Raphael_Wiggins
Raphael_Yadgaroff
Raphael_Zengel
Raphael
: ''This article is about the Renaissance artist. For other uses, please see Raphael (disambiguation).'' Raphael or Raffaello, a painter and architect of the Florence school in the Italy High Renaissance, was born on April 6 1483 and died on his 37th birthday, April 6 1520 (see the note below about earlier confusion about these dates). He was also called Raffaello Sanzio, Raffaello Santi, Raffaello de Urbino or Rafael Sanzio de Urbino. His life was described in Giorgio Vasari's ''Vite.'' Born in Urbino, he studied in Perugia under Pietro Perugino; but after moving to Florence, Italy he soon adopted the styles of Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. == Major works == [[Image:Sanzio 01.jpg|thumb|300px|right|''Raphael Rooms'' (1509)]] Raphael is best known for his Madonna (art)s and Holy families and for his large frescoes in the Vatican Palace. Indeed, in 1509 he was called to Rome to decorate the Vatican ''Stanze'' (rooms), for Pope Julius II. The best known of these works are ''Raphael Rooms'' and the ''Disputation on the Blessed Sacrament,'' two large, arch-shaped frescoes, the first depicting the philosophers of Antiquity grouped around Plato and Aristotle and the second depicting Christian theologys grouped under Jesus. Under Pope Leo X he was chief architect of Saint Peter's Basilica in 1514 and he was named as a sort of supervisor for Roman archaeology research. He died on his 37th birthday in Rome (reportedly just weeks before Leo was to invest him as a Cardinal (Catholicism)), deeply lamented by all who knew his value. His body lay for a while in state in one of the rooms in which he had demonstrated his genius, and he was honoured with a public funeral. His last work, the Transfiguration, was carried before him in the funeral procession. The unrelenting hand of death (says his biographer) set a period to his labours, and deprived the world of further benefit from his talents, when he had only attained an age at which most other men are but beginning to be useful. "We see him in his cradle (said Fuseli); we hear him stammer; but propriety rocked the cradle, and character formed his lips."[http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/1/1/3/8/11387/11387-h/11387-h.htm] He was interred in the Pantheon, Rome, the country's most honored place. == Dates of birth and death == There is often confusion about Raphael's dates. Sources variously say: (a) Raphael died on his 37th birthday; (b) he died on the eve of his 37th birthday; (c) both his dates of birth and death were Good Friday; and (d) there have been mistakes in converting from the Julian Calendar to the Gregorian Calendar. Clearly, these statements cannot all be true. The truth seems to be as follows: * The Gregorian Calendar has no relevance to Raphael. It was not introduced until 62 years after his death, and it was not retrospective. The Julian Calendar applies to him exclusively. * Raphael was born on Sunday April 6 1483. * He died on his 37th birthday, Good Friday April 6 1520. * He was survived by Stephanos Tolbertieri, his most prized pupil whom he treated as a son. == See also == * Raphael Cartoons == External links and references == * [http://www.kfki.hu/~arthp/bio/r/raphael/biograph.html Raffaello Sanzio Biography] * [http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/raphael/ Webmuseum, Paris: Raphael] * [http://www.artsworld.com/art-architecture/biographies/p-r/raffaello-sanzio-raphael.html Artsworld: Biography: Raffaello Sanzio Raphael] * [http://www.abcgallery.com/R/raphael/raphaelbio.html Olga's Gallery: Raphael] * [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/raphael.html Artcyclopedia: Raphael] * [http://www.unesco.org/phiweb/uk/raphael/raphael.html Exhibition: Raphael: Art and Philosophy] * [http://www.isidore-of-seville.com/angels/20.html Parodies and misuses of Raphael's cherubs from the Sistine Madona] la:Raphael Sanctius Urbinas li:Rafaël 1483 births 1520 deaths Italian architects Italian painters Renaissance art Natives of the Marche
Raphael
== Raphael's birth and death dates == The text is a little problematical. * The date of 6 April 1483 has been calculated using the Proleptic Gregorian Calendar. My question: Why? The Gregorian was introduced on 15 October 1582, and was NOT retrospectively applied. The Proleptic Gregorian was a later invention for use in scientific contexts, and it has no relevance for the dating of ordinary historical events. Just as the Julian Calendar does not apply to dates on or after 15 October 1582 in Italy (and some other countries), the (Proleptic) Gregorian does not apply to events occurring prior to that time. If Raphael was born on Good Friday 1483, and that day fell on 28 March (using the only calendar then available, the Julian), then 28 March 1483 is Raphael's date of birth and 6 April 1483 is simply wrong. * Similar argument for his date of death. If he died on the eve of his 37th birthday, that means he died in 1520, by which time the Julian Calendar was still in place. The only correct date we should use is 27 March 1520. * Paragraph 3 under "Major works" says he died on his 37th birthday, but the last line of the article says he died on the eve of his 37th birthday. At least one of these is incorrect. Does anybody know the truth? * I have also seen it written that both his dates of birth and death were Good Friday. Can anybody verify or refute this? Cheers User:JackofOz 06:13, 19 Jan 2005 (UTC) :I'd like to know if what appears in the article is speculation on the part of the person who posted it, or if he or she can point us to some other source of that information. :I agree especially with your first bulleted paragraph. If he was indeed born on Good Friday, and that fell on 28 March 1483 Julian, then he was probably born on 28 March Julian, and the 6 April date is just an error. Note that 6 April was a Sunday on the Julian calendar, Friday on the proleptic Gregorian calendar. :But the conclusions drawn in the article is based on a speculation that if the date of birth was on the Julian calendar, the date of death must have been as well. That doesn't hold water. :*Dates of birth are often harder to verify than dates of death, especially in those days long before registration of births. Dates of death of famous people, however, are generally available from a variety of sources, so it is unlikely that any discrepancy there would have remained uncommented on for very long. :Good Friday in 1520, at least in the Danish calendar calculations in the "Dage" program, was on 6 April 1520 Julian calendar. So if his birth and death were indeed both on Good Friday on the Julian calendar, the only Christian calendar in use then, he would have been one week past his birthday at his death. User:Gene Nygaard 06:09, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC) * Ah-hah! The plot thickens. Thanks for that, and let's hope the 'Raphael guru' makes him- or herself known soon. Cheers User:JackofOz 06:53, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC) ::I searched the histories of the relevant pages and found that at the creation of Raphael (disambiguation) on Feb 12, 2002 (as the article Raphael) 62.253.67.6 gave birth and death dates of "April 6?, 1483 - 1520". On the same date 151.24.190.229 changed the dates to "Urbino, April 6?, 1483 - Rome, April 6, 1520" and added the sentence "He died at 37, on his birthday", all of which he apparently got from the current ''Encyclopaedia Britannica'' article on Raphael. Then on Feb 15, 2002 User:Wesley removed the question mark. On Nov 13, 2002 User:Eclecticology transferred those dates to Raffaello Santi when he merged Raphael with it, and changed Raphael into a disambiguation page. Finally the note on those dates was added to Raffaello Santi on Apr 15, 2004 by 32.106.41.158. It appears that the last writer converted April 6, 1520 (Gregorian) to March 27, 1520 (Julian) thus concluding that he died on the eve of his birthday (and failed to remove the note that he died on his birthday). The [http://87.1911encyclopedia.org/R/RA/RAPHAEL_SANZIO.htm 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica article on Raphael Sanzio] states on its last page that he died on "Good Friday (April 6) 1520, at the age of thirty-seven, exactly". I suspect that he did indeed die on April 6, 1520 at the age of 37. I also suspect that someone thought that that also meant that April 6, 1483 was a Good Friday. [http://www.artist-biography.info/artist/raphael/] states that he was born on Good Friday in 1483. I confirm via [http://www.ely.anglican.org/cgi-bin/easter] that April 6, 1483 (Julian) was not a Good Friday (it was Sunday). ::I recommend that the birth and death dates at the top of the article (April 6, 1483 - April 6, 1520) should not be changed (except delete "see note below"), and that the erroneous speculative note on the dates be removed. It might be advisable to note that he died on Good Friday but was not born on Good Friday, possibly as part of the "He died on his thirty-seventh birthday" sentence. — User:Joe Kress 12:32, Jan 31, 2005 (UTC) ::: I '''concur'' with that recommendation. User:Gene Nygaard 13:01, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC). Thanks folks for that excellent bit of research. I have now made some amendments to the main page. Cheers User:JackofOz 01:12, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
R
RA | RB | RC | RD | RE | RF | RG | RH | RI | RJ | RK | RL | RM | RN | RO | RP | RS | RT | RU | RW | RX | RY | RZ |Words begining with Raphael:
Raphael
Raphael
Raphael's_Rooms
Raphaelle_Peale
Raphael_(angel)
Raphael_(archangel)
Raphael_(archangel)
Raphael_(disambiguation)
Raphael_(Ninja_Turtle)
Raphael_(security_industry)
Raphael_(security_industry)
Raphael_Bombelli
Raphael_Cartoons
Raphael_Cilento
Raphael_Eitan
Raphael_Fabretti
Raphael_Finkel
Raphael_Holinshed
Raphael_Holinshed
Raphael_Hurley
Raphael_Kaulla
Raphael_Lemkin
Raphael_Liraz
Raphael_liraz
Raphael_liraz
Raphael_Louis_Zengel
Raphael_M._Robinson
Raphael_Maklouf
Raphael_Martos
Raphael_Méndez
Raphael_nadjari
Raphael_of_Brooklyn
Raphael_Poiree
Raphaël_Poirée
Raphael_Robinson
Raphael_Rooms
Raphael_Saadiq
Raphael_Saddiq
Raphael_Santi
Raphael_Sanzio
Raphael_Semmes
Raphael_Smith
Raphael_Sobiehrd-Mnishovsky
Raphael_Sonenshein
Raphael_sonenshein
Raphael_Soriano
Raphael_the_Archangel
Raphael_Urbinas
Raphael_von_Koeber
Raphael_Wicky
Raphael_wicky
Raphael_Wiggins
Raphael_Yadgaroff
Raphael_Zengel
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