
''This article describes the Canadian province. For other usages, see Quebec (disambiguation).'' Quebec (IPA for English or ) (French language: Québec, pronounced ) is the largest province in Canada geographically, and the second most populous, after Ontario, with a population of 7,568,640 (Statistics Canada, January 2005). This represents about 24% of the Canadian population. Quebec's primary and only official language is Quebec_French, making up the bulk of the Francophone population in North America. Quebec is the only Canadian province where English is not an official language, and it is one of only two Canadian provinces where French is an official language (the other one being New Brunswick). The capital is Quebec City (simply referred to as "Québec" in French) and the largest city is Montreal (or Montréal in French). A resident of Quebec is called a ''Quebecer'' (also spelled ''Quebecker''), or in French, un(e) Québécois. == Geography == ''Main article: Geography of Quebec'' The province, Canada's largest, occupies a vast territory (nearly three times the size of France), most of which is very sparsely populated. More than 90 percent of Quebec's area lies within the Canadian Shield, a large part of which was historically referred to as the Ungava Region. The addition of the vast and scarcely inhabited northern region (which borders James Bay, Hudson Bay and Hudson Strait) by the Parliament of Canada through passage of the Quebec Boundary Extension Act, 1898 and the Quebec Boundaries Extension Act, 1912 created the massive Province of Quebec of today. Quebec is located in eastern Canada, bordered by Ontario and Hudson Bay to the west, Atlantic Canada to the east, the United States (Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont and New York) to the south and the Arctic Ocean to the north. The province's three largest hydroelectricity projects are built on La Grande Rivière. The extreme north of the province, now called Nunavik, is subarctic or arctic and is home to part of the Inuit nation. The most populated region is the St. Lawrence River Valley in the south, where the capital, Quebec City, and the largest city, Montreal, are situated. North of Montreal are the Laurentian mountains, a range of ancient mountains, and to the east are the Appalachian Mountains which extends into the Eastern Townships and Gaspésie regions. The Gaspe juts into the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the east. 10 Largest Municipalities by population {| border="1" cellpadding="2" !Municipality !2001 !1996 |- |Montreal |1,812,723 |1,774,846 |- |Quebec City, Quebec |507,986 |504,605 |- |Longueuil, Quebec |348,091 |373,009 |- |Laval, Quebec |343,005 |330,393 |- |Gatineau, Quebec |226,696 |217,591 |- |Saguenay, Quebec |148,050 |153,476 |- |Sherbrooke, Quebec |146,689 |135,501 |- |Trois-Rivières, Quebec |122,395 |124,417 |- |Lévis, Quebec |121,999 |118,344 |- |Terrebonne, Quebec |80,531 |75,110 |} ==History== ''Main article: History of Quebec'' The name Quebec, which comes from the Mi'kmaq word ''Gepèèg'' meaning "strait," originally meant the narrowing of the St. Lawrence River off what is currently Quebec City. The first European explorer of what is now Quebec was Jacques Cartier, who planted a cross in the Gaspé in 1534 and sailed into the St. Lawrence River in 1535. Quebec City was founded near the site of Stadacona, a village populated by Iroquoians when Jacques Cartier explored Canada. However, the village was no longer there when Samuel de Champlain established the ''Habitation de Quebec'' in 1608. After 1627, King Louis XIII of France introduced the seigneurial system and forbade settlement in New France by anyone other than Roman Catholics, ensuring that welfare and education was kept firmly in the hands of the church. New France became a royal province in 1663 under King Louis XIV of France and the intendant Jean Talon. Great Britain acquired Canada by the Treaty of Paris (1763) when King Louis XV of France of France and his advisors chose to keep the territory of Guadeloupe for its valuable sugar crops instead of New France, which was viewed as a vast, frozen wasteland of little importance to the French colonial empire. By the British Royal Proclamation of 1763, Canada (part of New France) was renamed the Province of Quebec. In 1774, the British Parliament passed the Quebec Act that helped ensure the survival of the French language and French culture in the region. The Act allowed Quebec to maintain the French civil law as its judicial system and sanctioned the freedom of religious choice, allowing the Roman Catholic Church to remain. Quebec retained its seigneurial system and civil law code after France's giving of the territory to England. Owing to an influx of Loyalist (American Revolution) refugees from the US Revolutionary War, the Constitutional Act of 1791 saw the colony divided in two at the Ottawa River (a small portion west of the Ottawa/St. Lawrence River confluence, which had the westernmost seigneuries, was retained in Lower Canada); the western part became Upper Canada and changed to the British legal system. The eastern part was named Lower Canada. In 1837, after the government had allowed the French Canadians to be represented in the House of Commons, some residents of Upper Canada launched a rampage through the western part of the Lower Canada. They did not think that the French population would take part so actively in the new government and would therefore ask for a more fair and respectful House of Commons. The residents of Lower Canada then formed a group of resistance, called the Patriotes Rebellion, but were soon crushed by the British Army after only one victory in Saint-Denis, south of Montreal. After this clash, Lord Durham was asked to write a Report on the Affairs of British North America (1839) on this incident and concluded that the French population were "without history and culture of any kind" and were "to be assimilated". After the Patriotes Rebellion of 1837, the British government merged the Canadas into one Province of Canada in 1841. However, the union proved contentious. In 1867 the Province of Canada, joining with the other British colonies of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia in the Canadian Confederation, was redivided into its two parts, under the names Ontario and Quebec. The conservative government of Maurice Duplessis and his ''Union Nationale'' dominated Quebec politics from 1944 to 1960 with the support of the Catholic church. Pierre Trudeau and other intellectuals and liberals formed an intellectual opposition to Duplessis' repressive regime setting the groundwork for the Quiet Revolution under Jean Lesage's Parti libéral du Québec. The Quiet Revolution was a period of dramatic social and political change that saw the decline of the Roman Catholic Church's influence, the nationalization of Hydro-Québec and the emergence of a separatist movement under former Lesage minister René Lévesque. [[Image:Qcuds.jpg|thumb|right|The slogan on the current Quebec license plate, first introduced in 1978 is "Je me souviens" which translated into English means "I remember".]]During the 1960s, a terrorism group known as the ''Front de libération du Québec'' (FLQ) launched a decade of bombings, robberies and attacks on government offices. Their activities culminated in events referred to as the October Crisis when James Cross, the British trade commissioner to Canada, was kidnapped along with Pierre Laporte, a provincial minister and Vice-Premier, who was murdered a few days later. In response, Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau declared martial law using the War Measures Act. A Federal government inquiry later revealed that under Prime Minister of Canada Pierre Trudeau's demand, some Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) agents infiltrated the group and pushed them towards terrorist actions in order to gain evidence of the group's willingness to commit terrorist acts. In 1977, the newly elected ''Parti Québécois'' government of René Lévesque introduced the Charter of the French Language. Often known as "Bill 101", it defined French language as the only official language of Quebec and is to this day still controversial and widely misunderstood inside and outside Quebec by the English speaking population. Lévesque put sovereignty-association before the voters in the 1980 Quebec referendum. Sixty percent of the Quebec electorate voted against it. On October 30, 1995, in a 1995 Quebec referendum the vote for Quebec independence was rejected by a slim majority (50.6% NO to 49.4% YES). == Politics == ''Main article: Politics of Quebec'' The List of Lieutenant Governors of Quebec represents Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom as head of state. The head of government is the List of Quebec premiers (called ''premier ministre'' in French) who leads the largest party in the unicameral National Assembly of Quebec or ''Assemblée Nationale'', from which the Council of Ministers is appointed. Until 1968, the Quebec legislature was bicameral, consisting of the Legislative Council of Quebec and the Legislative Assembly of Quebec. In that year the Legislative Council was abolished, and the Legislative Assembly was renamed the National Assembly. Quebec was the last province to abolish its Legislative Council. The government of Quebec awards an order of merit called the National Order of Quebec. It is inspired in part by the France Légion d'honneur. It is conferred upon men and women born or living in Quebec (but non-Quebecers can be inducted as well) for outstanding achievements. ==Economy== ''Main article: Economy of Quebec'' The St. Lawrence River Valley is a fertile agricultural region, producing dairy products, fruit, vegetables, maple syrup (Quebec is the world's largest producer), and livestock. North of the St. Lawrence River Valley, the territory of Quebec is extremely rich in resources in its coniferous forests, lakes, and rivers—pulp and paper, lumber, and hydroelectricity are still some of the province's most important industries. High-tech industries are very important around Montreal. It includes the aerospace companies like jet manufacturer Bombardier, the jet engine company Pratt & Whitney, the flight simulator builder CAE (company) and defense contractor Lockheed Martin Canada. Those companies and other major subcontractors make Quebec the fourth biggest player worldwide in the aviation industry. ==Culture== ''Main article: Culture of Quebec'' The Québécois people, a people also found in small Quebec diaspora, consider Quebec their homeland. The Québécois are the largest population of French speakers in the Americas. Most French Canadians live in Quebec, though there are other concentrations of francophones throughout Canada with varying degrees of ties to Quebec. (The North American society and the main French language-speaking society on the continent. Montreal is the vibrant cosmopolitan metropolis of Quebec. History made Quebec a place where cultures meet, where people from all over the world experience America, but from a little distance and through a different eye. Often described as a crossroads between Europe and America, Quebec is home to a people that has the privilege of being connected to the strong cultural currents of the United States, France, and the British Isles all at the same time. Quebec is also home to 11 aboriginal cultures and that of a large Anglo-Quebecer minority of approximately 600,000 people. ==Demographics== ''Main article: Demographics of Quebec'' Quebec's fertility rate is now among the lowest in Canada. At 1.48, it is well below the replacement fertility rate of 2.1. This contrasts with the fertility rate before 1960 which was among the highest of the industrialized countries. Although Quebec represents only 24% of the population of Canada, the number of international adoptions in Quebec is the highest of all provinces of Canada. In 2001, 42% of international adoptions in Canada were carried out in Quebec. ==Ethnicity== The majority of the population are of France descent, approximately 80% of the population. Other White groups like Italy, Portugal, Spain, and Ireland are also very large in number. Racial Groups *91.9% White *2.1% Black *1.2% Aboriginal *1.0% Arab *0.8% Asian Religious Groups *83.3% Roman Catholic *4.7% Protestant *2.2% other Christian *1.5% Muslim *1.2% Jewish *7.1% other, non-professing ==Language== ''Main article: Demolinguistics of Quebec'' Quebec is the only Canadian province where French is the only official language and the majority. In 2001 the population was: * French speakers: 81.2% * English speakers: 8.0% * French and English: 0.8% * Allophones: 10.0% (Italian 6.3%, Spanish 2.9%, Arabic 2.5%, and others) ==Symbols and emblems== The motto of Quebec is ''Je me souviens'' (I remember), which is carved into the Parliament Building façade in Quebec City (''Ville de Québec'') and is seen on the coat of arms and licence plates. The graphic emblem of Quebec is the fleur-de-lis, usually white on a blue background, as on the flag of Quebec (above), the ''Fleurdelisé''. As indicated on the government of Quebec's Web site, the flag recalls the Royal banner said to have accompanied the army of Louis-Joseph de Montcalm during the victorious battle of Carillon in 1758. The floral emblem of Quebec is the flag iris (''Iris versicolor''). It was formerly the Madonna lily, to recall the fleur-de-lis, but has been changed to the iris which is native to Quebec. The avian emblem of Quebec is the snowy owl. The patron saint of French Canada is John the Baptist. ''La Saint-Jean-Baptiste'', June 24, is Quebec's national day, and is officially called the Fete nationale du Quebec since 1977. The song "Gens du pays" by Gilles Vigneault is often regarded as Quebec's unofficial anthem. Quebec is sometimes referred to as "La Belle Province" which means "The Beautiful Province". Until the late 1970s, this phrase was displayed on Quebec licence plates. It has since been replaced by the province's official motto: "''Je me souviens''" which means "I remember". A common debate in popular Canadian culture (both French and English) is to what is being remembered. == See also == * Lists of Quebec-related topics * Anglo-Quebecer * État québécois * List of Quebec premiers * Quebec general elections * List of Lieutenant Governors of Quebec * List of Premiers of Quebec * National Assembly of Quebec * Timeline of Quebec history * Quebec French * List of Quebecers * Musicians of Quebec * List of Quebec authors * Charter of the French Language * Office québécois de la langue française * Quebec education system * Civil Code of Quebec * List of communities in Quebec * List of Quebec counties (historic) * List of county seats in Quebec * List of Quebec county regional municipalities (current) * List of Quebec regions * Autoroute (Quebec) * List of Quebec universities * List of cathedrals#Quebec * A few acres of snow * Canada * Politics of Canada * List of cities in Canada * List of Canadian provincial and territorial symbols == External links == * [http://www.agora.qc.ca/ Agora: French language online encyclopaedia from Quebec] * [http://www2.marianopolis.edu/quebechistory/ Quebec History : English language online encyclopaedia made by Marianapolis College] * [http://www.gouv.qc.ca/wps/portal/pgs/commun?lang=en Government of Québec] * [http://www.premier.gouv.qc.ca/secteur/bienvenue_quebec/symboles_emblemes_en.htm Symbols and emblems of Quebec] * [http://www.bonjourquebec.com/ Bonjour Québec (Quebec government official tourist site)] * [http://www.fete-internet.qc.ca/ Fête Internet 2004] * [http://www.trailcanada.com/canada-guides/quebec.asp Travel guide to Quebec] * [http://www.trailcanada.com/photos/quebec.asp Photos of Quebec] ko :퀘벡 uk : Квебек Quebec Canadian provinces and territories Francophonie French America gd:Quebec iu:ᑯᐸᐃᒃ ka:კვებეკი la:Quebec simple:Quebec vi:Québec
See also Talk:Quebec/archive 1 It looks like if Inuit is in the list, it must be a list of First Peoples, not First Nations? or is the article on First Nations wrong? -- User:Someone else 07:26 Mar 12, 2003 (UTC) :I have no problem with First Peoples. My objection was to making that a link to Native Americans. ☮ User:Eclecticology -------- For the present, I've removed the link to a "separatist statement" that was added. I don't think it's especially valuable just to link to some individual separatist's statement. Even an official link would be best served under, say, Parti Québécois for example. - User:Montrealais == National Assembly 1948 == Talking about the National Assembly in 1948 is an anachronism: Quebec still had a Legislative Council and Legislative Assembly at that time. Not sure how to revise the page, though. Which house made the unanimous vote? Both? User:Indefatigable 22:44, 29 Aug 2003 (UTC) ----- I like the Arrêt sign under "symbols" =D I have it on decent authority (a European who's been a lot of places) that PQ and NB are about the only places where a stop doesn't say Stop. Even in Russia - I've seen photos - they say "CTO(pi)". :This is an old comment, but... * here's a Spanish stop sign from Puerto Rico (PARE): http://www.hawaiihighways.com/PR-stop-sign.jpg * here's an Arabic stop sign from Morocco (قف): http://www.alientravelguide.com/history/language/229026.jpg ----- == Excessive maps == ''Resolved'' Why are there so many different maps of Quebec on here? Surely one can be removed. It looks strange having so many different versions. : Agreed, too many are just confusing. There are 2 that are completely identical in content and scope, except in colour. So I moved that one away. And I also moved a historical map to, suitably, History of Quebec. --User:Menchi 03:58, 17 Nov 2003 (UTC) ==Voltaire== Voltaire did ''not'' say that Canada was ''quelques arpents de neige'', as he's popularly quoted to have said. He said that Acadia was ''quelques arpents de neige'' near Canada. User:Bearcat 02:12, 8 Mar 2004 (UTC) :The exact Voltaire quote I've seen is: ''La Nouvelle-France: quelques arpents de neige qui ne valent pas les os d'un grenadier français.'' Not Acadia, but Nouvelle-France. So I'm restoring it. User:P.T. Aufrette 13:59, 8 Mar 2004 (UTC) ::The correct quote is ''Vous savez que ces deux nations sont en guerre pour quelques arpents de neige vers le Canada, et qu'elles dépensent pour cette belle guerre beaucoup plus que tout le Canada ne vaut.'' [http://micat.waika9.com/] [http://www.voltaire-integral.com/VOLTAIRE/candide2.html] Note also that if you google on it, the "vers le Canada" version exists in a number of actual footnoted Voltaire reference pages, while the "Nouvelle France" version can ''only'' be found as an isolated, anecdotal quote. This is a case where a variety of versions are remembered (you can also find pages where it's claimed that he wrote ''quelques arpents de neige, habités par des barbares, des ours et des castors''), but none of them are what was actually said. User:Bearcat 16:05, 8 Mar 2004 (UTC) ::: In French, ''vers'' would mean "towards", but in the sentence of Voltaire, it means more "around" or "nearby" or "in the surroundings of". This could mean Acadia I guess, but I find it far fetch. Voltaire never named Acadia. I think he probably was referring to the disputed borders between New France and the British colonies (which indeed is Acadia). Snow was pretty much a feature of ''le Canada'' in the imaginary of the French at the time. It is unfortunately still the case today. According to them, we are all riding skidoos, getting stuck to each other when we kiss (because of the cold), we all know how to make igloos (!?!) and we are all related to an Indian somehow. :-) User:Mathieugp 18:19, 8 Mar 2004 (UTC) :::: I created an article on the ''few acres of snow'' quotation this morning; I've added the link to the "See Also:" section here. User:Bearcat 22:42, 8 Mar 2004 (UTC) ---- ==NPOV s. bill 101== I don't feel comfortable starting a counter-edit war being new here, but I sort of question the anonymous removal of ''among Anglophones''. It doesn't seem to me like a significant amount of Francophones are against the Charter. -- User:Valmi 15:36, 24 Jun 2004 (UTC) I agree with Valmi Dufour. Furthermore, this phrase is not correct: "Often known as "Bill 101", it defined French as the only official language of Quebec". French is the official language of Quebec since the (non-separatist) liberal prime minister Robert Bourassa voted Bill 22 in 1974 (July 31rd) [http://www.vigile.net/997-2/stats.html (reference)]. The french version of the page has the same error. It should be mention also that all main political parties in Quebec since the fifties were nationalist except the Equality Party, a marginal Montreal west-islander anglophone party formed in 1989 (I think they're dead now, they didn't win any seats at the national assembly since 1994). The thing is not all of them were promoting independence. There should be a link to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Quebec_sovereignist_movement History of the Quebec sovereignist movement] page. == Quebec Act == It should be mentioned that the Quebec Act of 1774 contributed to unrest in the Thirteen Colonies prior to the War of American Independence. == some thoughts == The article mentions that bill 101 is "to this day still controversial and widely misunderstood inside and outside Quebec". I would say that inside Quebec today, the bill would only still be controversial to anglophone and allophone communities, at most. I feel the initial fears have dissipated since the bill's adoption. The article mentions "widespread complaints of the destruction of NO ballets "(sic). There was widespread complaints from both sides about the other side's illegal dealing in this referendum. I think mentionning only one side's is very partial and reflects a point of view, which I believe should be avoided in "encyclopedia format". What do you think ? should these be editted ? : 1. Bill 101 is still misunderstood inside Quebec. Obviously, people who only get their daily information from the English language press are more in the dark then the others, but nevertheless a lot of people do not know the contents of the law and the regulations passed under it. : 2. Yes, you are right. This is not NPOV at all. It was added recently by some anonymous. It should be removed in my opinion. -- User:Mathieugp 16:21, 23 Sep 2004 (UTC) == Why not Québec? == I understand this is the English article on Québec, but in Canadian government, the province is referred to as Québec (with the accent). Perhaps the article could be moved from Quebec to Québec. :That is not correct. The federal government's English style guide (''The Canadian Style'') specifies that the province is "Quebec" in English, "Québec" in French. This matches the centuries-old common practice of English-speaking Quebecers, and the no-accent style is the most common spelling of professional editors everywhere. User:Indefatigable 00:48, 9 May 2005 (UTC) == Pierre Trudeau, the RCMP, and the FLQ? == I have never heard about this before I read this page. I believe I have a fairly wide ranging knowledge of the era and the incident and I would just like a source to the inquiry that says that Trudeau pushed the RCMP to inflitrate the FLQ to push them to violent actions. Much of the evidence of the time points to the idea that the RCMP had very little in the way of background on the FLQ and it was part of what led to the massive confusion on the part of the federal government at the time. I could not find it in English (of course), but here it is in French: http://www.vigile.net/00-10/octobre-grandchamp.html (last article at the bottom) You can use Google or Babelfish to get a rought translation. I will translate it myself this weekend. The name of the inquiry is the McDonald Commission. They also mention a Keable Commission in 1977. In English, I only found this one good article: http://www.vigile.net/01-1/flq-citizen.html -- User:Mathieugp 12:12, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC) I found a radiocast on the subject of the MacDonald commission in the online archives of Radio-Canada: http://archives.radio-canada.ca/IDCC-0-9-1500-10144/guerres_conflits/espionnage_canada/ -- User:Mathieugp 15:11, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC) == Historical Corrections Sabotaged == I've put back my modifications concerning the 1837 "rebellion" of the french canadians. I am an historian who devoted his whole life to this brief moment of Québec history and I find it offuscating and frustrating to see a complete denial of the real story. Most of the sources can be found in Normand Lester's Le Livre noir du Canada Anglais and are factual proofs. Please respect the people that horribly died in this dark period... "Je me souviens"... :Lester's book is hardly a reputable source; it has been widely criticized by both francophone and anglophone historians -- at least those who take time to comment on it. User:HistoryBA 23:12, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC) :By the way, since you raise your own qualifications to justify your position, would you mind expanding on them? What do you mean when you call yourself a "historian"? User:HistoryBA 23:14, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC) == Le livre noir du Canada anglais == This book has valid sources, and most of what is written in it is valid too. However, it is a pamphlet. Its avowed objective is to demonstrate the hypocrisy of these Anglophone columnists who desperately try to stain the reputation of Quebec nationalists while remaining silent on the wrong doings of Canadian nationalists. That being said, the history of the "rebellions" is complex enough that it can't seriously be summed up in a short biased paragraph like the one added by the anonymous user. -- User:Mathieugp 03:21, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC) :I'm not questioning its sources, but rather using it as a source. It is simply not a reliable NPOV source. We should be very suspicious of using any statements from the book as fact, unless they can be properly verified or corroborated by a reputable historian. User:HistoryBA 03:32, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC) :: I don't think we should be very suspicious of it only because it has a point of view. At least, Normand Lester had the honesty of making his objective with his book quite clear unlike so many other people before him. We should simply be aware that it is a pamphlet and not the work of a historian, but a journalist: big difference. However, on the whole, the information in the book is well-referenced and, as such, his own references are worth digging into. The dumb sentence written by the anonymous user is of course nowhere to be found in the book! You will however find all kinds of interesting and factual details on the episode of the burning of the Parliament of Canada in Montreal ( and the fanatics who later repeatedly tried to kill Lafontaine and the other politians who supported the Rebellion Losses Bill), the antisemitism of the elite of Canada before and after the second world war, the KKK in the West and all kinds of details I didn't even know about. :: Also, relying on a "reputable" historian is something you want to do only if you intend to commit the logicial fallacy of Appeal to authority. I would advice we all bother to take the time to find out what's true and what isn't on our own instead. -- User:Mathieugp 14:12, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC) :::The problem is that the anonymous editor is not citing the sources used by Lester, but citing Lester himself as an authority, which he is not. I agree that we need to verify facts ourselves, but we often need to rely on published sources, such as those written by established historians. After all, Wikipedia has a policy against publishing original research. User:HistoryBA 23:15, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)
{| class="toccolours" style="margin: 0 2em 0 2em;"
! style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%" | List of Quebec regions ||
|-
| align="center" style="font-size: 90%;" colspan="4" |
Abitibi-Témiscamingue |
Bas-Saint-Laurent |
Capitale-Nationale |
Centre-du-Québec |
Chaudière-Appalaches |
Côte-Nord |
Estrie |
Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine |
Lanaudière |
Laurentides (region) |
Laval (region) |
Mauricie |
Montérégie |
Montréal (region) |
Nord-du-Québec |
Outaouais |
Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean
|-
| align="center" style="font-size: 90%;" colspan="4" |
''see also: List of Quebec Regional County Municipalities''
|}
#redirect Template:Quebec
This is a collection of articles regarding Quebec and its Quebecois. French America Francophonie Canadian provinces and territories
This infobox is gigantic. Is there no way to trim it down? User:Bryan Derksen 05:43, 16 Aug 2004 (UTC) :This infobox is more than gigantic, and it would be possible, only perhaps more work than is worth, to split it by region. --User:Valmi 04:46, 12 Sep 2004 (UTC) ---- All right, I just created 17 new templates, and will try applying them to cities and MRCs right away. *Template:Abitibi-Témiscamingue - done *Template:Bas-Saint-Laurent - done *Template:Capitale-Nationale - done *Template:Centre-du-Québec - done *Template:Chaudière-Appalaches - done *Template:Côte-Nord - done *Template:Estrie *Template:Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine *Template:Lanaudière *Template:Laurentides *Template:Laval region *Template:Mauricie - done *Template:Montérégie - done *Template:Montréal region *Template:Nord-du-Québec *Template:Outaouais *Template:Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean --User:Valmi 05:48, 12 Sep 2004 (UTC) :That's much better than the idea I was considering: 4-point font. :) User:Bryan Derksen 05:57, 12 Sep 2004 (UTC) ::In the same line of thought, I was also considering deleting it altogether. I'm still not sure which would have been the better option. ;-) --User:Valmi 06:03, 12 Sep 2004 (UTC)
#REDIRECT Quebec
See other meanings of words starting from letter:A | B | C | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | X | Y | Z |
Quebec
''This article describes the Canadian province. For other usages, see Quebec (disambiguation).'' Quebec (IPA for English or ) (French language: Québec, pronounced ) is the largest province in Canada geographically, and the second most populous, after Ontario, with a population of 7,568,640 (Statistics Canada, January 2005). This represents about 24% of the Canadian population. Quebec's primary and only official language is Quebec_French, making up the bulk of the Francophone population in North America. Quebec is the only Canadian province where English is not an official language, and it is one of only two Canadian provinces where French is an official language (the other one being New Brunswick). The capital is Quebec City (simply referred to as "Québec" in French) and the largest city is Montreal (or Montréal in French). A resident of Quebec is called a ''Quebecer'' (also spelled ''Quebecker''), or in French, un(e) Québécois. == Geography == ''Main article: Geography of Quebec'' The province, Canada's largest, occupies a vast territory (nearly three times the size of France), most of which is very sparsely populated. More than 90 percent of Quebec's area lies within the Canadian Shield, a large part of which was historically referred to as the Ungava Region. The addition of the vast and scarcely inhabited northern region (which borders James Bay, Hudson Bay and Hudson Strait) by the Parliament of Canada through passage of the Quebec Boundary Extension Act, 1898 and the Quebec Boundaries Extension Act, 1912 created the massive Province of Quebec of today. Quebec is located in eastern Canada, bordered by Ontario and Hudson Bay to the west, Atlantic Canada to the east, the United States (Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont and New York) to the south and the Arctic Ocean to the north. The province's three largest hydroelectricity projects are built on La Grande Rivière. The extreme north of the province, now called Nunavik, is subarctic or arctic and is home to part of the Inuit nation. The most populated region is the St. Lawrence River Valley in the south, where the capital, Quebec City, and the largest city, Montreal, are situated. North of Montreal are the Laurentian mountains, a range of ancient mountains, and to the east are the Appalachian Mountains which extends into the Eastern Townships and Gaspésie regions. The Gaspe juts into the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the east. 10 Largest Municipalities by population {| border="1" cellpadding="2" !Municipality !2001 !1996 |- |Montreal |1,812,723 |1,774,846 |- |Quebec City, Quebec |507,986 |504,605 |- |Longueuil, Quebec |348,091 |373,009 |- |Laval, Quebec |343,005 |330,393 |- |Gatineau, Quebec |226,696 |217,591 |- |Saguenay, Quebec |148,050 |153,476 |- |Sherbrooke, Quebec |146,689 |135,501 |- |Trois-Rivières, Quebec |122,395 |124,417 |- |Lévis, Quebec |121,999 |118,344 |- |Terrebonne, Quebec |80,531 |75,110 |} ==History== ''Main article: History of Quebec'' The name Quebec, which comes from the Mi'kmaq word ''Gepèèg'' meaning "strait," originally meant the narrowing of the St. Lawrence River off what is currently Quebec City. The first European explorer of what is now Quebec was Jacques Cartier, who planted a cross in the Gaspé in 1534 and sailed into the St. Lawrence River in 1535. Quebec City was founded near the site of Stadacona, a village populated by Iroquoians when Jacques Cartier explored Canada. However, the village was no longer there when Samuel de Champlain established the ''Habitation de Quebec'' in 1608. After 1627, King Louis XIII of France introduced the seigneurial system and forbade settlement in New France by anyone other than Roman Catholics, ensuring that welfare and education was kept firmly in the hands of the church. New France became a royal province in 1663 under King Louis XIV of France and the intendant Jean Talon. Great Britain acquired Canada by the Treaty of Paris (1763) when King Louis XV of France of France and his advisors chose to keep the territory of Guadeloupe for its valuable sugar crops instead of New France, which was viewed as a vast, frozen wasteland of little importance to the French colonial empire. By the British Royal Proclamation of 1763, Canada (part of New France) was renamed the Province of Quebec. In 1774, the British Parliament passed the Quebec Act that helped ensure the survival of the French language and French culture in the region. The Act allowed Quebec to maintain the French civil law as its judicial system and sanctioned the freedom of religious choice, allowing the Roman Catholic Church to remain. Quebec retained its seigneurial system and civil law code after France's giving of the territory to England. Owing to an influx of Loyalist (American Revolution) refugees from the US Revolutionary War, the Constitutional Act of 1791 saw the colony divided in two at the Ottawa River (a small portion west of the Ottawa/St. Lawrence River confluence, which had the westernmost seigneuries, was retained in Lower Canada); the western part became Upper Canada and changed to the British legal system. The eastern part was named Lower Canada. In 1837, after the government had allowed the French Canadians to be represented in the House of Commons, some residents of Upper Canada launched a rampage through the western part of the Lower Canada. They did not think that the French population would take part so actively in the new government and would therefore ask for a more fair and respectful House of Commons. The residents of Lower Canada then formed a group of resistance, called the Patriotes Rebellion, but were soon crushed by the British Army after only one victory in Saint-Denis, south of Montreal. After this clash, Lord Durham was asked to write a Report on the Affairs of British North America (1839) on this incident and concluded that the French population were "without history and culture of any kind" and were "to be assimilated". After the Patriotes Rebellion of 1837, the British government merged the Canadas into one Province of Canada in 1841. However, the union proved contentious. In 1867 the Province of Canada, joining with the other British colonies of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia in the Canadian Confederation, was redivided into its two parts, under the names Ontario and Quebec. The conservative government of Maurice Duplessis and his ''Union Nationale'' dominated Quebec politics from 1944 to 1960 with the support of the Catholic church. Pierre Trudeau and other intellectuals and liberals formed an intellectual opposition to Duplessis' repressive regime setting the groundwork for the Quiet Revolution under Jean Lesage's Parti libéral du Québec. The Quiet Revolution was a period of dramatic social and political change that saw the decline of the Roman Catholic Church's influence, the nationalization of Hydro-Québec and the emergence of a separatist movement under former Lesage minister René Lévesque. [[Image:Qcuds.jpg|thumb|right|The slogan on the current Quebec license plate, first introduced in 1978 is "Je me souviens" which translated into English means "I remember".]]During the 1960s, a terrorism group known as the ''Front de libération du Québec'' (FLQ) launched a decade of bombings, robberies and attacks on government offices. Their activities culminated in events referred to as the October Crisis when James Cross, the British trade commissioner to Canada, was kidnapped along with Pierre Laporte, a provincial minister and Vice-Premier, who was murdered a few days later. In response, Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau declared martial law using the War Measures Act. A Federal government inquiry later revealed that under Prime Minister of Canada Pierre Trudeau's demand, some Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) agents infiltrated the group and pushed them towards terrorist actions in order to gain evidence of the group's willingness to commit terrorist acts. In 1977, the newly elected ''Parti Québécois'' government of René Lévesque introduced the Charter of the French Language. Often known as "Bill 101", it defined French language as the only official language of Quebec and is to this day still controversial and widely misunderstood inside and outside Quebec by the English speaking population. Lévesque put sovereignty-association before the voters in the 1980 Quebec referendum. Sixty percent of the Quebec electorate voted against it. On October 30, 1995, in a 1995 Quebec referendum the vote for Quebec independence was rejected by a slim majority (50.6% NO to 49.4% YES). == Politics == ''Main article: Politics of Quebec'' The List of Lieutenant Governors of Quebec represents Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom as head of state. The head of government is the List of Quebec premiers (called ''premier ministre'' in French) who leads the largest party in the unicameral National Assembly of Quebec or ''Assemblée Nationale'', from which the Council of Ministers is appointed. Until 1968, the Quebec legislature was bicameral, consisting of the Legislative Council of Quebec and the Legislative Assembly of Quebec. In that year the Legislative Council was abolished, and the Legislative Assembly was renamed the National Assembly. Quebec was the last province to abolish its Legislative Council. The government of Quebec awards an order of merit called the National Order of Quebec. It is inspired in part by the France Légion d'honneur. It is conferred upon men and women born or living in Quebec (but non-Quebecers can be inducted as well) for outstanding achievements. ==Economy== ''Main article: Economy of Quebec'' The St. Lawrence River Valley is a fertile agricultural region, producing dairy products, fruit, vegetables, maple syrup (Quebec is the world's largest producer), and livestock. North of the St. Lawrence River Valley, the territory of Quebec is extremely rich in resources in its coniferous forests, lakes, and rivers—pulp and paper, lumber, and hydroelectricity are still some of the province's most important industries. High-tech industries are very important around Montreal. It includes the aerospace companies like jet manufacturer Bombardier, the jet engine company Pratt & Whitney, the flight simulator builder CAE (company) and defense contractor Lockheed Martin Canada. Those companies and other major subcontractors make Quebec the fourth biggest player worldwide in the aviation industry. ==Culture== ''Main article: Culture of Quebec'' The Québécois people, a people also found in small Quebec diaspora, consider Quebec their homeland. The Québécois are the largest population of French speakers in the Americas. Most French Canadians live in Quebec, though there are other concentrations of francophones throughout Canada with varying degrees of ties to Quebec. (The North American society and the main French language-speaking society on the continent. Montreal is the vibrant cosmopolitan metropolis of Quebec. History made Quebec a place where cultures meet, where people from all over the world experience America, but from a little distance and through a different eye. Often described as a crossroads between Europe and America, Quebec is home to a people that has the privilege of being connected to the strong cultural currents of the United States, France, and the British Isles all at the same time. Quebec is also home to 11 aboriginal cultures and that of a large Anglo-Quebecer minority of approximately 600,000 people. ==Demographics== ''Main article: Demographics of Quebec'' Quebec's fertility rate is now among the lowest in Canada. At 1.48, it is well below the replacement fertility rate of 2.1. This contrasts with the fertility rate before 1960 which was among the highest of the industrialized countries. Although Quebec represents only 24% of the population of Canada, the number of international adoptions in Quebec is the highest of all provinces of Canada. In 2001, 42% of international adoptions in Canada were carried out in Quebec. ==Ethnicity== The majority of the population are of France descent, approximately 80% of the population. Other White groups like Italy, Portugal, Spain, and Ireland are also very large in number. Racial Groups *91.9% White *2.1% Black *1.2% Aboriginal *1.0% Arab *0.8% Asian Religious Groups *83.3% Roman Catholic *4.7% Protestant *2.2% other Christian *1.5% Muslim *1.2% Jewish *7.1% other, non-professing ==Language== ''Main article: Demolinguistics of Quebec'' Quebec is the only Canadian province where French is the only official language and the majority. In 2001 the population was: * French speakers: 81.2% * English speakers: 8.0% * French and English: 0.8% * Allophones: 10.0% (Italian 6.3%, Spanish 2.9%, Arabic 2.5%, and others) ==Symbols and emblems== The motto of Quebec is ''Je me souviens'' (I remember), which is carved into the Parliament Building façade in Quebec City (''Ville de Québec'') and is seen on the coat of arms and licence plates. The graphic emblem of Quebec is the fleur-de-lis, usually white on a blue background, as on the flag of Quebec (above), the ''Fleurdelisé''. As indicated on the government of Quebec's Web site, the flag recalls the Royal banner said to have accompanied the army of Louis-Joseph de Montcalm during the victorious battle of Carillon in 1758. The floral emblem of Quebec is the flag iris (''Iris versicolor''). It was formerly the Madonna lily, to recall the fleur-de-lis, but has been changed to the iris which is native to Quebec. The avian emblem of Quebec is the snowy owl. The patron saint of French Canada is John the Baptist. ''La Saint-Jean-Baptiste'', June 24, is Quebec's national day, and is officially called the Fete nationale du Quebec since 1977. The song "Gens du pays" by Gilles Vigneault is often regarded as Quebec's unofficial anthem. Quebec is sometimes referred to as "La Belle Province" which means "The Beautiful Province". Until the late 1970s, this phrase was displayed on Quebec licence plates. It has since been replaced by the province's official motto: "''Je me souviens''" which means "I remember". A common debate in popular Canadian culture (both French and English) is to what is being remembered. == See also == * Lists of Quebec-related topics * Anglo-Quebecer * État québécois * List of Quebec premiers * Quebec general elections * List of Lieutenant Governors of Quebec * List of Premiers of Quebec * National Assembly of Quebec * Timeline of Quebec history * Quebec French * List of Quebecers * Musicians of Quebec * List of Quebec authors * Charter of the French Language * Office québécois de la langue française * Quebec education system * Civil Code of Quebec * List of communities in Quebec * List of Quebec counties (historic) * List of county seats in Quebec * List of Quebec county regional municipalities (current) * List of Quebec regions * Autoroute (Quebec) * List of Quebec universities * List of cathedrals#Quebec * A few acres of snow * Canada * Politics of Canada * List of cities in Canada * List of Canadian provincial and territorial symbols == External links == * [http://www.agora.qc.ca/ Agora: French language online encyclopaedia from Quebec] * [http://www2.marianopolis.edu/quebechistory/ Quebec History : English language online encyclopaedia made by Marianapolis College] * [http://www.gouv.qc.ca/wps/portal/pgs/commun?lang=en Government of Québec] * [http://www.premier.gouv.qc.ca/secteur/bienvenue_quebec/symboles_emblemes_en.htm Symbols and emblems of Quebec] * [http://www.bonjourquebec.com/ Bonjour Québec (Quebec government official tourist site)] * [http://www.fete-internet.qc.ca/ Fête Internet 2004] * [http://www.trailcanada.com/canada-guides/quebec.asp Travel guide to Quebec] * [http://www.trailcanada.com/photos/quebec.asp Photos of Quebec] ko :퀘벡 uk : Квебек Quebec Canadian provinces and territories Francophonie French America gd:Quebec iu:ᑯᐸᐃᒃ ka:კვებეკი la:Quebec simple:Quebec vi:Québec
Quebec
See also Talk:Quebec/archive 1 It looks like if Inuit is in the list, it must be a list of First Peoples, not First Nations? or is the article on First Nations wrong? -- User:Someone else 07:26 Mar 12, 2003 (UTC) :I have no problem with First Peoples. My objection was to making that a link to Native Americans. ☮ User:Eclecticology -------- For the present, I've removed the link to a "separatist statement" that was added. I don't think it's especially valuable just to link to some individual separatist's statement. Even an official link would be best served under, say, Parti Québécois for example. - User:Montrealais == National Assembly 1948 == Talking about the National Assembly in 1948 is an anachronism: Quebec still had a Legislative Council and Legislative Assembly at that time. Not sure how to revise the page, though. Which house made the unanimous vote? Both? User:Indefatigable 22:44, 29 Aug 2003 (UTC) ----- I like the Arrêt sign under "symbols" =D I have it on decent authority (a European who's been a lot of places) that PQ and NB are about the only places where a stop doesn't say Stop. Even in Russia - I've seen photos - they say "CTO(pi)". :This is an old comment, but... * here's a Spanish stop sign from Puerto Rico (PARE): http://www.hawaiihighways.com/PR-stop-sign.jpg * here's an Arabic stop sign from Morocco (قف): http://www.alientravelguide.com/history/language/229026.jpg ----- == Excessive maps == ''Resolved'' Why are there so many different maps of Quebec on here? Surely one can be removed. It looks strange having so many different versions. : Agreed, too many are just confusing. There are 2 that are completely identical in content and scope, except in colour. So I moved that one away. And I also moved a historical map to, suitably, History of Quebec. --User:Menchi 03:58, 17 Nov 2003 (UTC) ==Voltaire== Voltaire did ''not'' say that Canada was ''quelques arpents de neige'', as he's popularly quoted to have said. He said that Acadia was ''quelques arpents de neige'' near Canada. User:Bearcat 02:12, 8 Mar 2004 (UTC) :The exact Voltaire quote I've seen is: ''La Nouvelle-France: quelques arpents de neige qui ne valent pas les os d'un grenadier français.'' Not Acadia, but Nouvelle-France. So I'm restoring it. User:P.T. Aufrette 13:59, 8 Mar 2004 (UTC) ::The correct quote is ''Vous savez que ces deux nations sont en guerre pour quelques arpents de neige vers le Canada, et qu'elles dépensent pour cette belle guerre beaucoup plus que tout le Canada ne vaut.'' [http://micat.waika9.com/] [http://www.voltaire-integral.com/VOLTAIRE/candide2.html] Note also that if you google on it, the "vers le Canada" version exists in a number of actual footnoted Voltaire reference pages, while the "Nouvelle France" version can ''only'' be found as an isolated, anecdotal quote. This is a case where a variety of versions are remembered (you can also find pages where it's claimed that he wrote ''quelques arpents de neige, habités par des barbares, des ours et des castors''), but none of them are what was actually said. User:Bearcat 16:05, 8 Mar 2004 (UTC) ::: In French, ''vers'' would mean "towards", but in the sentence of Voltaire, it means more "around" or "nearby" or "in the surroundings of". This could mean Acadia I guess, but I find it far fetch. Voltaire never named Acadia. I think he probably was referring to the disputed borders between New France and the British colonies (which indeed is Acadia). Snow was pretty much a feature of ''le Canada'' in the imaginary of the French at the time. It is unfortunately still the case today. According to them, we are all riding skidoos, getting stuck to each other when we kiss (because of the cold), we all know how to make igloos (!?!) and we are all related to an Indian somehow. :-) User:Mathieugp 18:19, 8 Mar 2004 (UTC) :::: I created an article on the ''few acres of snow'' quotation this morning; I've added the link to the "See Also:" section here. User:Bearcat 22:42, 8 Mar 2004 (UTC) ---- ==NPOV s. bill 101== I don't feel comfortable starting a counter-edit war being new here, but I sort of question the anonymous removal of ''among Anglophones''. It doesn't seem to me like a significant amount of Francophones are against the Charter. -- User:Valmi 15:36, 24 Jun 2004 (UTC) I agree with Valmi Dufour. Furthermore, this phrase is not correct: "Often known as "Bill 101", it defined French as the only official language of Quebec". French is the official language of Quebec since the (non-separatist) liberal prime minister Robert Bourassa voted Bill 22 in 1974 (July 31rd) [http://www.vigile.net/997-2/stats.html (reference)]. The french version of the page has the same error. It should be mention also that all main political parties in Quebec since the fifties were nationalist except the Equality Party, a marginal Montreal west-islander anglophone party formed in 1989 (I think they're dead now, they didn't win any seats at the national assembly since 1994). The thing is not all of them were promoting independence. There should be a link to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Quebec_sovereignist_movement History of the Quebec sovereignist movement] page. == Quebec Act == It should be mentioned that the Quebec Act of 1774 contributed to unrest in the Thirteen Colonies prior to the War of American Independence. == some thoughts == The article mentions that bill 101 is "to this day still controversial and widely misunderstood inside and outside Quebec". I would say that inside Quebec today, the bill would only still be controversial to anglophone and allophone communities, at most. I feel the initial fears have dissipated since the bill's adoption. The article mentions "widespread complaints of the destruction of NO ballets "(sic). There was widespread complaints from both sides about the other side's illegal dealing in this referendum. I think mentionning only one side's is very partial and reflects a point of view, which I believe should be avoided in "encyclopedia format". What do you think ? should these be editted ? : 1. Bill 101 is still misunderstood inside Quebec. Obviously, people who only get their daily information from the English language press are more in the dark then the others, but nevertheless a lot of people do not know the contents of the law and the regulations passed under it. : 2. Yes, you are right. This is not NPOV at all. It was added recently by some anonymous. It should be removed in my opinion. -- User:Mathieugp 16:21, 23 Sep 2004 (UTC) == Why not Québec? == I understand this is the English article on Québec, but in Canadian government, the province is referred to as Québec (with the accent). Perhaps the article could be moved from Quebec to Québec. :That is not correct. The federal government's English style guide (''The Canadian Style'') specifies that the province is "Quebec" in English, "Québec" in French. This matches the centuries-old common practice of English-speaking Quebecers, and the no-accent style is the most common spelling of professional editors everywhere. User:Indefatigable 00:48, 9 May 2005 (UTC) == Pierre Trudeau, the RCMP, and the FLQ? == I have never heard about this before I read this page. I believe I have a fairly wide ranging knowledge of the era and the incident and I would just like a source to the inquiry that says that Trudeau pushed the RCMP to inflitrate the FLQ to push them to violent actions. Much of the evidence of the time points to the idea that the RCMP had very little in the way of background on the FLQ and it was part of what led to the massive confusion on the part of the federal government at the time. I could not find it in English (of course), but here it is in French: http://www.vigile.net/00-10/octobre-grandchamp.html (last article at the bottom) You can use Google or Babelfish to get a rought translation. I will translate it myself this weekend. The name of the inquiry is the McDonald Commission. They also mention a Keable Commission in 1977. In English, I only found this one good article: http://www.vigile.net/01-1/flq-citizen.html -- User:Mathieugp 12:12, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC) I found a radiocast on the subject of the MacDonald commission in the online archives of Radio-Canada: http://archives.radio-canada.ca/IDCC-0-9-1500-10144/guerres_conflits/espionnage_canada/ -- User:Mathieugp 15:11, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC) == Historical Corrections Sabotaged == I've put back my modifications concerning the 1837 "rebellion" of the french canadians. I am an historian who devoted his whole life to this brief moment of Québec history and I find it offuscating and frustrating to see a complete denial of the real story. Most of the sources can be found in Normand Lester's Le Livre noir du Canada Anglais and are factual proofs. Please respect the people that horribly died in this dark period... "Je me souviens"... :Lester's book is hardly a reputable source; it has been widely criticized by both francophone and anglophone historians -- at least those who take time to comment on it. User:HistoryBA 23:12, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC) :By the way, since you raise your own qualifications to justify your position, would you mind expanding on them? What do you mean when you call yourself a "historian"? User:HistoryBA 23:14, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC) == Le livre noir du Canada anglais == This book has valid sources, and most of what is written in it is valid too. However, it is a pamphlet. Its avowed objective is to demonstrate the hypocrisy of these Anglophone columnists who desperately try to stain the reputation of Quebec nationalists while remaining silent on the wrong doings of Canadian nationalists. That being said, the history of the "rebellions" is complex enough that it can't seriously be summed up in a short biased paragraph like the one added by the anonymous user. -- User:Mathieugp 03:21, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC) :I'm not questioning its sources, but rather using it as a source. It is simply not a reliable NPOV source. We should be very suspicious of using any statements from the book as fact, unless they can be properly verified or corroborated by a reputable historian. User:HistoryBA 03:32, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC) :: I don't think we should be very suspicious of it only because it has a point of view. At least, Normand Lester had the honesty of making his objective with his book quite clear unlike so many other people before him. We should simply be aware that it is a pamphlet and not the work of a historian, but a journalist: big difference. However, on the whole, the information in the book is well-referenced and, as such, his own references are worth digging into. The dumb sentence written by the anonymous user is of course nowhere to be found in the book! You will however find all kinds of interesting and factual details on the episode of the burning of the Parliament of Canada in Montreal ( and the fanatics who later repeatedly tried to kill Lafontaine and the other politians who supported the Rebellion Losses Bill), the antisemitism of the elite of Canada before and after the second world war, the KKK in the West and all kinds of details I didn't even know about. :: Also, relying on a "reputable" historian is something you want to do only if you intend to commit the logicial fallacy of Appeal to authority. I would advice we all bother to take the time to find out what's true and what isn't on our own instead. -- User:Mathieugp 14:12, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC) :::The problem is that the anonymous editor is not citing the sources used by Lester, but citing Lester himself as an authority, which he is not. I agree that we need to verify facts ourselves, but we often need to rely on published sources, such as those written by established historians. After all, Wikipedia has a policy against publishing original research. User:HistoryBA 23:15, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)
Quebec
Quebec
#redirect Template:Quebec
Quebec
This is a collection of articles regarding Quebec and its Quebecois. French America Francophonie Canadian provinces and territories
Quebec
This infobox is gigantic. Is there no way to trim it down? User:Bryan Derksen 05:43, 16 Aug 2004 (UTC) :This infobox is more than gigantic, and it would be possible, only perhaps more work than is worth, to split it by region. --User:Valmi 04:46, 12 Sep 2004 (UTC) ---- All right, I just created 17 new templates, and will try applying them to cities and MRCs right away. *Template:Abitibi-Témiscamingue - done *Template:Bas-Saint-Laurent - done *Template:Capitale-Nationale - done *Template:Centre-du-Québec - done *Template:Chaudière-Appalaches - done *Template:Côte-Nord - done *Template:Estrie *Template:Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine *Template:Lanaudière *Template:Laurentides *Template:Laval region *Template:Mauricie - done *Template:Montérégie - done *Template:Montréal region *Template:Nord-du-Québec *Template:Outaouais *Template:Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean --User:Valmi 05:48, 12 Sep 2004 (UTC) :That's much better than the idea I was considering: 4-point font. :) User:Bryan Derksen 05:57, 12 Sep 2004 (UTC) ::In the same line of thought, I was also considering deleting it altogether. I'm still not sure which would have been the better option. ;-) --User:Valmi 06:03, 12 Sep 2004 (UTC)
Québec
#REDIRECT Quebec
See other meanings of words starting from letter:A | B | C | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | X | Y | Z |
These materials are based on Wikipedia and licensed under the GNU FDL
YouTube.com videos better site than Turbo Tax 2007
