Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (Russian language: Пётр Ильи́ч Чайко́вский, sometimes transliterated as Piotr, Anglicized as Peter Ilich), (May 7, 1840 – November 6, 1893 (Gregorian calendar); April 25, 1840 – October 25, 1893 (Julian calendar)) was a Russians composer of the Romantic music era. Although not a member of the group of nationalistic composers usually known in English language-speaking countries as The Five, his music has come to be known and loved for its distinctly Russian character as well as its rich harmonies and stirring melodies. His works, however, were much more western than his Russian contemporaries as he effectively used both nationalistic folk melodies and international elements. ==Biography== Tchaikovsky was born in Kamsko-Votkinsk, Russia, to a Ukraine mining engineer and his second wife, a woman of France ancestry. His last name derives from Tchaika (чайка) which means gull. Musically precocious, he began piano lessons at the age of five. He obtained an excellent general eduation at the School of Jurisprudence and was a civil servant before entering the St. Petersburg Conservatory from 1861 to 1865. In 1866, he was appointed professor of theory and harmony at the Moscow Conservatory, established that year. He held the post until approximately 1878. While at the School of Jurisprudence during his puberty, Tchaikovsky discovered his sexual attraction to other adolescent boys. As he matured to manhood, this evolved into pederasty. As a young man he fell in love with a (female) soprano, but she married another man. One of his conservatory students, Antonina Milyukova, began writing him passionate letters around the time that he had made up his mind to "marry whoever will have me." He didn't even remember her from his classes, but her letters were very persistent, and he hastily married her on July 18, 1877. Within days, while still on their honeymoon, he deeply regretted his decision. Two weeks after the wedding the composer attempted suicide by wading in a cold river. He later fled to Saint Petersburg a nervous wreck, and was separated from his wife after only six weeks. The couple never saw each other again, although they never divorced and Tchaikovsky died a married man. His widow died in an insane asylum 24 years later. (Greenberg) A far more influential woman in Tchaikovsky's life was a wealthy widow, Madame Nadezhda von Meck, with whom he exchanged 1,200 letters between 1877 and 1890. He dedicated his Fourth Symphony to her. At her insistence they never met; they did encounter each other on two occasions, purely by chance, but did not converse. She expressed her interest in his musical career and admiration for his music, and she financed his expenses -- by the end giving him 6,000 rubles a year. However, she abruptly cut off her support for Tchaikovsky and did not return his last letter, which he sent to assure her that his friendship with her was not predicated on the money she gave him. It is widely believed that broke off the relationship because she found out about Tchaikovsky's sexual orientation. It is possible she was planning to marry off one of her daughters to Tchaikovsky, as she also tried unsuccessfully to marry one of them to Claude Debussy, who had lived in Russia for a time as music teacher to her family. It was during this period that Tchaikovsky achieved success throughout Europe and (by his own account) even greater accolades in the United States in 1891. Just nine days after the first performance of his Sixth Symphony, ''Pathtique'', in 1893, in St. Petersburg, Russia, Tchaikovsky died. Details of his death have been a source of controversy for more than a century, and never more so than after 1980, when Aleksandra Orlova published a detailed theory explaining Tchaikovsky's death as a suicide. According to Orlova, Tchaikovsky committed suicide by consuming small doses of arsenic. His death took four days and was planned to be consistent with symptoms of cholera. The cover story was that he drank infected water, from which he acquired cholera. In reality, according to Orlova's theory, a former classmate from the School of Jurisprudence came into posession of a letter from a member of the Russian aristocracy addressed to the Tzar that complained of Tchaikovsky's affair with the aristocrat's nephew. The letter bearer gathered six other classmates living in St. Petersburg, and they confronted Tchaikovsky. They gave him the singular option of killing himself to avoid the publicity of the scandal, which would dishonor the school. According to the theory, Tchaikovsky's own brother, Modest, also a homosexual, helped conspire to keep the secret. Tchaikovsky was interred in Tikhvin Cemetery at the Alexander Nevsky Monastery in Saint Petersburg. His life, somewhat embroidered, is the subject of Ken Russell's motion picture ''The Music Lovers''. ==Musical Works== ===Ballets=== Tchaikovsky is perhaps most well known for his ballets, although it was only in his last years, with his two last ballets, that his contemporaries came to really appreciate his qualities as ballet music composer. * (1875–1876): Swan Lake, Op. 20. Tchaikovsky's first ballet, it was first performed (with some omissions) at the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow in 1877. * (1888–1889): Sleeping Beauty, Op. 66. This work Tchaikovsky considered to be one of his best. Its first performance was in 1890 at the Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg. * (1891–1892): The Nutcracker, Op. 71. Tchaikovsky himself was less satisfied with this, his last ballet. ===Operas=== Tchaikovsky wrote ten operas, including: * (1877–1888): ''Eugene Onegin (opera)'', Op. 24 * (1881): ''The Maid of Orleans'' * (1884): ''Mazeppa (Tchaikovsky)'' * (1890): ''The Queen of Spades'', Op. 68 * (1892): ''Iolanthe (Tchaikovsky)'' ===Symphonies=== Tchaikovsky's earlier symphony are generally happy works of nationalistic character, while the later symphonies dwell on fate, turmoil and, particularly in the Sixth, despair. * (1866): Symphony No. 1 (Tchaikovsky), Op. 13, ''Winter Daydreams'' * (1872): Symphony No. 2 (Tchaikovsky), Op. 17, ''Little Russian'' * (1875): Symphony No. 3 (Tchaikovsky), Op. 29, ''Polish'' * (1877–1878): Symphony No. 4 (Tchaikovsky), Op. 36 * (1885): Manfred Symphony, B minor, Op. 58. Based on Manfred. * (1888): Symphony No. 5 (Tchaikovsky), Op. 64 * (1893): Symphony No. 6 (Tchaikovsky), Op. 74, ''Pathtique'' He also wrote four orchestral suites between the 4th and 5th symphonies. He originally intended to call one or more of these "symphony" but was persuaded to alter the title. The four suites are nonetheless symphonic in character, and often neglected masterpieces of orchestral writing. === Concertos === * (1874–1875): Of his three concertos for piano, it is Piano Concerto No. 1 (Tchaikovsky) in B flat minor, Op. 23, which is best known and most highly regarded. It was initially rejected by its dedicatee, the pianist Nikolai Grigoryevich Rubinstein, as poorly composed and unplayable, and subsequently premiered by Hans von Blow in Boston in 1875. * (1878): His Violin Concerto (Tchaikovsky) in D major, Op. 35, was composed in less than a month during March and April 1878, but its first performance was delayed until 1881 because Leopold Auer, the violinist to whom Tchaikovsky had intended to dedicate the work, refused to perform it. * (1889): The so-called "Third Piano Concerto in E flat major", Op. 75, has a curious history. It was commenced after the 5th symphony, and was intended to be his next symphony, ie. his 6th. However he abandoned work on this score and instead directed his efforts towards what we now know as the Sixth Symphony, which is a completely different work (the 'Pathtique'). After Tchaikovsky's death, the composer Sergei Taneyev re-worked the abandoned symphony, added a piano part, and published it as "Third Piano Concerto by Tchaikovsky". However, a more accurate title would be "An unfinished symphony by Tchaikovsky, realised for piano and orchestra by Taneyev". The unfinished symphony was also completed by the Soviet composer Semyon Bogatyrev and published as "Symphony No 7 in E flat major". ===Other works=== ====For orchestra==== * (1869, rev, 1870, 1880): Romeo and Juliet (Tchaikovsky) * (1876): ''Slavonic March'', Op. 31 * (1876): ''Francesca da Rimini (Tchaikovsky)'', Op. 32 * (1880): ''Capriccio Italien'', Op. 45 * (1880): ''1812 Overture'', Op. 49 ====For choir, songs, chamber music, and for solo piano==== * (1871) String Quartet No. 1 in D major, Op. 11 * (1876) 'Variations on a Rococo theme' for cello and orchestra, Op. 33. Tchaikovsky believed this to be one of his best works. * (1876) Piano suite ''The Seasons (Tchaikovsky)'', Op. 37a * (1882) Piano Trio (Tchaikovsky) * (1886) ''Dumka (Tchaikovsky)'', Russian rustic scene in C minor for piano, Op. 59 * (1890) String sextet ''Souvenir de Florence'', Op. 70 For a complete list of works by opus number, see [http://w3.rz-berlin.mpg.de/cmp/tchaikovsky_works.html]. For more detail on dates of composition, see [http://www.geocities.com/Vienna/5648/DCalend.htm]. ==Media== ==See also== * Nadezhda von Meck * Nikolai Grigoryevich Rubinstein * Tchaikovsky International Competition * :Category:Tchaikovsky compositions *''Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians'' Francesca da Rimini, Op. 32 (1876): Fantasia after Canto V of the Inferno from Dante's Divine Comedy ==References== *Greenberg, Robert "[http://www.teach12.com/store/course.asp?id=753&d=Great+Masters%3A+Tchaikovsky%97His+Life+and+Music Great Masters: Tchaikovsky -- His Life and Music]" *Kamien, Roger. ''Music : An Appreciation''. Mcgraw-Hill College; 3rd edition (August 1, 1997) ISBN 0070365210 *Holden,Anthony ''Tchaikovsky: : A Biography'' Random House; 1st U.S. ed edition (February 27, 1996) ISBN 0679420061 *Meck Galina Von, Tchaikovsky Ilyich Piotr, Young Percy M. ''Tchaikovsky'' Cooper Square Publishers; 1st Cooper Square Press ed edition (October, 2000) ISBN 0815410875 *Meck, Nadezhda Von Tchaikovsky Peter Ilyich, ''To My Best Friend: Correspondence Between Tchaikovsky and Nadezhda Von Meck 1876-1878'' Oxford University Press (January 1, 1993) ISBN 0198161581 *Tchaikovsky, Modeste ''The Life And Letters Of Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky'' University Press of the Pacific (2004) ISBN 1410216128 *[http://www.panartist.com/valerypolyansky.htm Tchaikovsky's sacred works by polyansky] ==External links== *[http://www.users.zetnet.co.uk/blangston/pitch/works.htm A complete list of works] by Brett Langston *[http://www.geocities.com/Vienna/5648/Tchaikovsky.htm Tchaikovsky] *[http://www.tchaikovsky.host.sk/ Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky Page] *[http://www.pbs.org/wnet/gperf/education/tchaikovsky.html PBS Great Performances biography of Tchaikovsky] 1840 births 1893 deaths Gay, lesbian or bisexual people LGBT musicians Opera composers Romantic composers Russian composers fa:پیتر چایکوفسکی
''ok, so how should we spell Tchaikovsky's name? I've seen a few different versions here. What is considered 'correct' transliteration? If/when we reach consensus, the content should be moved to a page with the agreed and the other pages redirect to it.'' Pyotor would be the Russian word: for these purposes (an English encyclopedia), it should be Peter :I don't want to get involved in the mire that is a transliteration discussion, but I should think that "Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky" is the most usual spelling of his name at this time in the West. Maybe (maybe) the article should be moved, but I ain't doing it. --User:Camembert :: My opinion. This is a general problem with the similar Russian names and surnames (for example Chebyshev, Joffe, Fock (or Fok) and such). I know that many times even Russians can't agree what is correct latin transliteration. They can use several different names even in their passports and it is just fine at customs. Another problem is that Russian write western names in their own "strange" transliteration and not in the original (so Isaac Newton would be somehow Newton). Therefore I use (until I am stopped to do this by the other wikipedians) in English Wikipedia original Russian names, so I would also include in this particular article his Russian original name as Пьотр Илич Чайковски (This probably won't be shown correctly all over - fixed later on). And also for instance we westeners usually use only one (or first) name (e.g. John F. Kennedy). Russians, as I know, they call themselves not by surnames but with their name and their ''otchestvo'' (''father's name'' - second name). Regarding Pyotr I do believe this is the right and the only way to traslate to latin Russian personal names. It is true that Peter is English name - but we can't translate "the meaning". It is okay untill we have a list of all posibilities and I am shure it would be very long. For instance how would be Tchaikovsky's daugter called in English then: Natasha Pyotrnovna Tchaikovsky or Natasha Peternovna Tchaikovsky? Best regard. -- User:XJamRastafire 09:22 Jul 28, 2002 (PDT) ::: Yes, "Peternova" does look vaguely ridiculous. My feeling was that "Peter Ilyich" would be best because it is the most common spelling in English speaking countries (I admit I have no evidence to back this up, but I suspect it is true - a quick Google search appears to back this up). But on reflection, I think it's probably best to consult a number of large English language music dictionaries (such as Grove) and see how they tackle the problem - I suspect that they will have used the same spelling we have here at present ("Pyotr Ilyich"). In any event, it isn't a particularly pressing problem so long as one central article is maintained with redirects dealing with any stray links. I think placing the cyrillic on the page is a good idea, but I can't see it, and I think somebody who can should do it. Thanks --User:Camembert ::: I am glad that someone slightly agree with my 'NPOV'. And as I know for instance Donald Knuth has on the net such long list about the Russian names of which he would like to get through, probably once and for all. That is why this is not just my kind of fashion as someones here think. And BTW I adore Tchaikovsky's music even if some rumours are there out he was somehow gay and with strange sexual orientation. Music, I guess does not know any boundaries. Thank you, too. -- User:XJamRastafire 18:44 Jul 30, 2002 (PDT) ::::Cuz it's just so bizarre for gay men to be in the music and ballet business. user:Montrealais ---- Also, let it be known that Tchaikovsky did not write a ''ballet'' called ''The Nutcracker Suite''. He wrote a ballet called ''The Nutcracker'' and then extracted some pieces from it to make the concert work ''The Nutcracker Suite'' (ie a suite of peices taken from the ballet ''The Nutcracker''). A lot of people get confused about this, so I'm clarifying it before anybody changes it back again. --User:Camembert :While we're at it, he didn't write a Symphony No. 6 in B minor called the "pathetic symphony" either. According to the Oxford Dictionary of Music, "patetichesky" in Russian means "passionate".User:Ortolan88 ---- Jeronimo moved this page to Pyotr Tchaikovsky, which I think is wrong, so I've moved it back - however his name gets spelled, it is very rare indeed for people to refer to him as "Peter Tchaikovsky"; is it either "Peter Ilitch Tchaikovsky" or simply "Tchaikovsky" (Google confirms that ommitting the middle name is relatively uncommon). --User:Camembert ---- Is it really "generaly accepted that his death was by suicide"? Dutch Wikipedia for instance says the exact opposite: death due to cholera with rumours that this was intentional poisoning. : This has been the cause of a great deal of debate, and to date there is no definitive answer. One theory is that a secret court sentenced him to suicide or face being exposed as a homosexual, for his sexual involvement with the son of a member of the aristocracy. Another is it was suicide for other reasons. Another is that it was plain foolhardiness in drinking unboiled water during a cholera epidemic, to prove he was not susceptible to it. We may never know. User:JackofOz 05:51, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC) :According to Robert Greenburg (source cited in article), there is no longer a question of what happened. His lecture refers to evidence released by the Russian government. ''<>< User:Tim Chambers 05:32, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)'' ---- This may not be necessary, but just to clarify: an anon editor keeps changing the age at which he began studying piano from five to six. This is incorrect. He began lessons in 1845, at the age of five, and even more amazing, he wrote a song to his mother (according to a letter from his father) in September 1844, at the age of FOUR. The anon editor's last change did verify that the intent was vandalism all along. User:Antandrus 17:48, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC) ---- ===RUSSIAN ALHPABET=== The Cyrillic letters show accents over the 'myagkii znak' in Ilyich, and over the -k- in Tchaikovsky. These are wrong. You can't accent consonants in Russian. They belong over the second -i- in Ilyich and the -o- in Tchaikovsky. User:JackofOz 05:51, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
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Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (Russian language: Пётр Ильи́ч Чайко́вский, sometimes transliterated as Piotr, Anglicized as Peter Ilich), (May 7, 1840 – November 6, 1893 (Gregorian calendar); April 25, 1840 – October 25, 1893 (Julian calendar)) was a Russians composer of the Romantic music era. Although not a member of the group of nationalistic composers usually known in English language-speaking countries as The Five, his music has come to be known and loved for its distinctly Russian character as well as its rich harmonies and stirring melodies. His works, however, were much more western than his Russian contemporaries as he effectively used both nationalistic folk melodies and international elements. ==Biography== Tchaikovsky was born in Kamsko-Votkinsk, Russia, to a Ukraine mining engineer and his second wife, a woman of France ancestry. His last name derives from Tchaika (чайка) which means gull. Musically precocious, he began piano lessons at the age of five. He obtained an excellent general eduation at the School of Jurisprudence and was a civil servant before entering the St. Petersburg Conservatory from 1861 to 1865. In 1866, he was appointed professor of theory and harmony at the Moscow Conservatory, established that year. He held the post until approximately 1878. While at the School of Jurisprudence during his puberty, Tchaikovsky discovered his sexual attraction to other adolescent boys. As he matured to manhood, this evolved into pederasty. As a young man he fell in love with a (female) soprano, but she married another man. One of his conservatory students, Antonina Milyukova, began writing him passionate letters around the time that he had made up his mind to "marry whoever will have me." He didn't even remember her from his classes, but her letters were very persistent, and he hastily married her on July 18, 1877. Within days, while still on their honeymoon, he deeply regretted his decision. Two weeks after the wedding the composer attempted suicide by wading in a cold river. He later fled to Saint Petersburg a nervous wreck, and was separated from his wife after only six weeks. The couple never saw each other again, although they never divorced and Tchaikovsky died a married man. His widow died in an insane asylum 24 years later. (Greenberg) A far more influential woman in Tchaikovsky's life was a wealthy widow, Madame Nadezhda von Meck, with whom he exchanged 1,200 letters between 1877 and 1890. He dedicated his Fourth Symphony to her. At her insistence they never met; they did encounter each other on two occasions, purely by chance, but did not converse. She expressed her interest in his musical career and admiration for his music, and she financed his expenses -- by the end giving him 6,000 rubles a year. However, she abruptly cut off her support for Tchaikovsky and did not return his last letter, which he sent to assure her that his friendship with her was not predicated on the money she gave him. It is widely believed that broke off the relationship because she found out about Tchaikovsky's sexual orientation. It is possible she was planning to marry off one of her daughters to Tchaikovsky, as she also tried unsuccessfully to marry one of them to Claude Debussy, who had lived in Russia for a time as music teacher to her family. It was during this period that Tchaikovsky achieved success throughout Europe and (by his own account) even greater accolades in the United States in 1891. Just nine days after the first performance of his Sixth Symphony, ''Pathtique'', in 1893, in St. Petersburg, Russia, Tchaikovsky died. Details of his death have been a source of controversy for more than a century, and never more so than after 1980, when Aleksandra Orlova published a detailed theory explaining Tchaikovsky's death as a suicide. According to Orlova, Tchaikovsky committed suicide by consuming small doses of arsenic. His death took four days and was planned to be consistent with symptoms of cholera. The cover story was that he drank infected water, from which he acquired cholera. In reality, according to Orlova's theory, a former classmate from the School of Jurisprudence came into posession of a letter from a member of the Russian aristocracy addressed to the Tzar that complained of Tchaikovsky's affair with the aristocrat's nephew. The letter bearer gathered six other classmates living in St. Petersburg, and they confronted Tchaikovsky. They gave him the singular option of killing himself to avoid the publicity of the scandal, which would dishonor the school. According to the theory, Tchaikovsky's own brother, Modest, also a homosexual, helped conspire to keep the secret. Tchaikovsky was interred in Tikhvin Cemetery at the Alexander Nevsky Monastery in Saint Petersburg. His life, somewhat embroidered, is the subject of Ken Russell's motion picture ''The Music Lovers''. ==Musical Works== ===Ballets=== Tchaikovsky is perhaps most well known for his ballets, although it was only in his last years, with his two last ballets, that his contemporaries came to really appreciate his qualities as ballet music composer. * (1875–1876): Swan Lake, Op. 20. Tchaikovsky's first ballet, it was first performed (with some omissions) at the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow in 1877. * (1888–1889): Sleeping Beauty, Op. 66. This work Tchaikovsky considered to be one of his best. Its first performance was in 1890 at the Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg. * (1891–1892): The Nutcracker, Op. 71. Tchaikovsky himself was less satisfied with this, his last ballet. ===Operas=== Tchaikovsky wrote ten operas, including: * (1877–1888): ''Eugene Onegin (opera)'', Op. 24 * (1881): ''The Maid of Orleans'' * (1884): ''Mazeppa (Tchaikovsky)'' * (1890): ''The Queen of Spades'', Op. 68 * (1892): ''Iolanthe (Tchaikovsky)'' ===Symphonies=== Tchaikovsky's earlier symphony are generally happy works of nationalistic character, while the later symphonies dwell on fate, turmoil and, particularly in the Sixth, despair. * (1866): Symphony No. 1 (Tchaikovsky), Op. 13, ''Winter Daydreams'' * (1872): Symphony No. 2 (Tchaikovsky), Op. 17, ''Little Russian'' * (1875): Symphony No. 3 (Tchaikovsky), Op. 29, ''Polish'' * (1877–1878): Symphony No. 4 (Tchaikovsky), Op. 36 * (1885): Manfred Symphony, B minor, Op. 58. Based on Manfred. * (1888): Symphony No. 5 (Tchaikovsky), Op. 64 * (1893): Symphony No. 6 (Tchaikovsky), Op. 74, ''Pathtique'' He also wrote four orchestral suites between the 4th and 5th symphonies. He originally intended to call one or more of these "symphony" but was persuaded to alter the title. The four suites are nonetheless symphonic in character, and often neglected masterpieces of orchestral writing. === Concertos === * (1874–1875): Of his three concertos for piano, it is Piano Concerto No. 1 (Tchaikovsky) in B flat minor, Op. 23, which is best known and most highly regarded. It was initially rejected by its dedicatee, the pianist Nikolai Grigoryevich Rubinstein, as poorly composed and unplayable, and subsequently premiered by Hans von Blow in Boston in 1875. * (1878): His Violin Concerto (Tchaikovsky) in D major, Op. 35, was composed in less than a month during March and April 1878, but its first performance was delayed until 1881 because Leopold Auer, the violinist to whom Tchaikovsky had intended to dedicate the work, refused to perform it. * (1889): The so-called "Third Piano Concerto in E flat major", Op. 75, has a curious history. It was commenced after the 5th symphony, and was intended to be his next symphony, ie. his 6th. However he abandoned work on this score and instead directed his efforts towards what we now know as the Sixth Symphony, which is a completely different work (the 'Pathtique'). After Tchaikovsky's death, the composer Sergei Taneyev re-worked the abandoned symphony, added a piano part, and published it as "Third Piano Concerto by Tchaikovsky". However, a more accurate title would be "An unfinished symphony by Tchaikovsky, realised for piano and orchestra by Taneyev". The unfinished symphony was also completed by the Soviet composer Semyon Bogatyrev and published as "Symphony No 7 in E flat major". ===Other works=== ====For orchestra==== * (1869, rev, 1870, 1880): Romeo and Juliet (Tchaikovsky) * (1876): ''Slavonic March'', Op. 31 * (1876): ''Francesca da Rimini (Tchaikovsky)'', Op. 32 * (1880): ''Capriccio Italien'', Op. 45 * (1880): ''1812 Overture'', Op. 49 ====For choir, songs, chamber music, and for solo piano==== * (1871) String Quartet No. 1 in D major, Op. 11 * (1876) 'Variations on a Rococo theme' for cello and orchestra, Op. 33. Tchaikovsky believed this to be one of his best works. * (1876) Piano suite ''The Seasons (Tchaikovsky)'', Op. 37a * (1882) Piano Trio (Tchaikovsky) * (1886) ''Dumka (Tchaikovsky)'', Russian rustic scene in C minor for piano, Op. 59 * (1890) String sextet ''Souvenir de Florence'', Op. 70 For a complete list of works by opus number, see [http://w3.rz-berlin.mpg.de/cmp/tchaikovsky_works.html]. For more detail on dates of composition, see [http://www.geocities.com/Vienna/5648/DCalend.htm]. ==Media== ==See also== * Nadezhda von Meck * Nikolai Grigoryevich Rubinstein * Tchaikovsky International Competition * :Category:Tchaikovsky compositions *''Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians'' Francesca da Rimini, Op. 32 (1876): Fantasia after Canto V of the Inferno from Dante's Divine Comedy ==References== *Greenberg, Robert "[http://www.teach12.com/store/course.asp?id=753&d=Great+Masters%3A+Tchaikovsky%97His+Life+and+Music Great Masters: Tchaikovsky -- His Life and Music]" *Kamien, Roger. ''Music : An Appreciation''. Mcgraw-Hill College; 3rd edition (August 1, 1997) ISBN 0070365210 *Holden,Anthony ''Tchaikovsky: : A Biography'' Random House; 1st U.S. ed edition (February 27, 1996) ISBN 0679420061 *Meck Galina Von, Tchaikovsky Ilyich Piotr, Young Percy M. ''Tchaikovsky'' Cooper Square Publishers; 1st Cooper Square Press ed edition (October, 2000) ISBN 0815410875 *Meck, Nadezhda Von Tchaikovsky Peter Ilyich, ''To My Best Friend: Correspondence Between Tchaikovsky and Nadezhda Von Meck 1876-1878'' Oxford University Press (January 1, 1993) ISBN 0198161581 *Tchaikovsky, Modeste ''The Life And Letters Of Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky'' University Press of the Pacific (2004) ISBN 1410216128 *[http://www.panartist.com/valerypolyansky.htm Tchaikovsky's sacred works by polyansky] ==External links== *[http://www.users.zetnet.co.uk/blangston/pitch/works.htm A complete list of works] by Brett Langston *[http://www.geocities.com/Vienna/5648/Tchaikovsky.htm Tchaikovsky] *[http://www.tchaikovsky.host.sk/ Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky Page] *[http://www.pbs.org/wnet/gperf/education/tchaikovsky.html PBS Great Performances biography of Tchaikovsky] 1840 births 1893 deaths Gay, lesbian or bisexual people LGBT musicians Opera composers Romantic composers Russian composers fa:پیتر چایکوفسکی
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
''ok, so how should we spell Tchaikovsky's name? I've seen a few different versions here. What is considered 'correct' transliteration? If/when we reach consensus, the content should be moved to a page with the agreed and the other pages redirect to it.'' Pyotor would be the Russian word: for these purposes (an English encyclopedia), it should be Peter :I don't want to get involved in the mire that is a transliteration discussion, but I should think that "Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky" is the most usual spelling of his name at this time in the West. Maybe (maybe) the article should be moved, but I ain't doing it. --User:Camembert :: My opinion. This is a general problem with the similar Russian names and surnames (for example Chebyshev, Joffe, Fock (or Fok) and such). I know that many times even Russians can't agree what is correct latin transliteration. They can use several different names even in their passports and it is just fine at customs. Another problem is that Russian write western names in their own "strange" transliteration and not in the original (so Isaac Newton would be somehow Newton). Therefore I use (until I am stopped to do this by the other wikipedians) in English Wikipedia original Russian names, so I would also include in this particular article his Russian original name as Пьотр Илич Чайковски (This probably won't be shown correctly all over - fixed later on). And also for instance we westeners usually use only one (or first) name (e.g. John F. Kennedy). Russians, as I know, they call themselves not by surnames but with their name and their ''otchestvo'' (''father's name'' - second name). Regarding Pyotr I do believe this is the right and the only way to traslate to latin Russian personal names. It is true that Peter is English name - but we can't translate "the meaning". It is okay untill we have a list of all posibilities and I am shure it would be very long. For instance how would be Tchaikovsky's daugter called in English then: Natasha Pyotrnovna Tchaikovsky or Natasha Peternovna Tchaikovsky? Best regard. -- User:XJamRastafire 09:22 Jul 28, 2002 (PDT) ::: Yes, "Peternova" does look vaguely ridiculous. My feeling was that "Peter Ilyich" would be best because it is the most common spelling in English speaking countries (I admit I have no evidence to back this up, but I suspect it is true - a quick Google search appears to back this up). But on reflection, I think it's probably best to consult a number of large English language music dictionaries (such as Grove) and see how they tackle the problem - I suspect that they will have used the same spelling we have here at present ("Pyotr Ilyich"). In any event, it isn't a particularly pressing problem so long as one central article is maintained with redirects dealing with any stray links. I think placing the cyrillic on the page is a good idea, but I can't see it, and I think somebody who can should do it. Thanks --User:Camembert ::: I am glad that someone slightly agree with my 'NPOV'. And as I know for instance Donald Knuth has on the net such long list about the Russian names of which he would like to get through, probably once and for all. That is why this is not just my kind of fashion as someones here think. And BTW I adore Tchaikovsky's music even if some rumours are there out he was somehow gay and with strange sexual orientation. Music, I guess does not know any boundaries. Thank you, too. -- User:XJamRastafire 18:44 Jul 30, 2002 (PDT) ::::Cuz it's just so bizarre for gay men to be in the music and ballet business. user:Montrealais ---- Also, let it be known that Tchaikovsky did not write a ''ballet'' called ''The Nutcracker Suite''. He wrote a ballet called ''The Nutcracker'' and then extracted some pieces from it to make the concert work ''The Nutcracker Suite'' (ie a suite of peices taken from the ballet ''The Nutcracker''). A lot of people get confused about this, so I'm clarifying it before anybody changes it back again. --User:Camembert :While we're at it, he didn't write a Symphony No. 6 in B minor called the "pathetic symphony" either. According to the Oxford Dictionary of Music, "patetichesky" in Russian means "passionate".User:Ortolan88 ---- Jeronimo moved this page to Pyotr Tchaikovsky, which I think is wrong, so I've moved it back - however his name gets spelled, it is very rare indeed for people to refer to him as "Peter Tchaikovsky"; is it either "Peter Ilitch Tchaikovsky" or simply "Tchaikovsky" (Google confirms that ommitting the middle name is relatively uncommon). --User:Camembert ---- Is it really "generaly accepted that his death was by suicide"? Dutch Wikipedia for instance says the exact opposite: death due to cholera with rumours that this was intentional poisoning. : This has been the cause of a great deal of debate, and to date there is no definitive answer. One theory is that a secret court sentenced him to suicide or face being exposed as a homosexual, for his sexual involvement with the son of a member of the aristocracy. Another is it was suicide for other reasons. Another is that it was plain foolhardiness in drinking unboiled water during a cholera epidemic, to prove he was not susceptible to it. We may never know. User:JackofOz 05:51, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC) :According to Robert Greenburg (source cited in article), there is no longer a question of what happened. His lecture refers to evidence released by the Russian government. ''<>< User:Tim Chambers 05:32, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)'' ---- This may not be necessary, but just to clarify: an anon editor keeps changing the age at which he began studying piano from five to six. This is incorrect. He began lessons in 1845, at the age of five, and even more amazing, he wrote a song to his mother (according to a letter from his father) in September 1844, at the age of FOUR. The anon editor's last change did verify that the intent was vandalism all along. User:Antandrus 17:48, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC) ---- ===RUSSIAN ALHPABET=== The Cyrillic letters show accents over the 'myagkii znak' in Ilyich, and over the -k- in Tchaikovsky. These are wrong. You can't accent consonants in Russian. They belong over the second -i- in Ilyich and the -o- in Tchaikovsky. User:JackofOz 05:51, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
P
PA | PB | PC | PD | PE | PF | PG | PH | PI | PJ | PK | PL | PM | PN | PO | PR | PS | PT | PU | PW | PX | PY | PZ |Words begining with Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky:
Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky
Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky
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