
Portuguese-Galician (is known as ''Galaico-Português'' or ''Galego-Português'' in Portuguese language and ''Galaico-Portugués'' and ''Galego-Portugués'' in Galician) was a Iberian Romance language, spoken in the Middle Ages, in the western area of the Iberian Peninsula. It came via Vulgar Latin. The language was spoken, at first, from the Cantabric Sea to Douro River. But it extended south with the History of Portugal Reconquista. The Portuguese-Galician had a special cultural role in the Christian kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula which can be seen in its literature. It can be compared to the role of Occitan language in the Mediterranean coast. The three Portuguese-Galician medieval lyrics compositions remaining are: *''Cancioneiro de Ajuda'' *''Cancioneiro de Vaticana'' *''Cancioneiro Colocci-Brancutti'' (or Biblioteca Nacional) Some known poets were: Bernardo de Bonaval, Arias Nunes, Pero da Ponte, Pero Amigo. At first and until 1350, Portuguese-Galician was the only known and standard written native language in the Christian peninsula. The Castilian king Alfonso X of Castile, composed his Cantigas de Santa Maria and the Cantigas de Escarnio e Maldizer in Galician-Portuguese, his favourite language for poetry. The Portuguese king, Dinis of Portugal also wrote his Cantigas and declared Portuguese as an Official language in 1290. Until then Classical Latin was the official language of Portugal. Then, the spoken language did not have a name, was simply known as Língua Vulgar (Vulgar language or Vulgar Latin) until it was named Portuguese in the reign of King Denis. The term Portuguese-Galician is a modern invention. This language had its maximum expression in the final years of the 12th century until the 14th century in Spain. Since 1400, the Portuguese-Galician lost its unity when Castilian authorities prohibited the use of the language and the Galician version of the language became influenced by Spanish language, which is still happening today. The most important (at the time) Galician cities became independent with Portugal (Braga and Oporto), with the exception of Santiago de Compostela, previously to the independence Portugal was already a separated entity. Galician language was preserved because those who spoke it were rural people or never went to school, where Spanish was taught. The language was only officially recognized in Spain in late 20th century, but it was heavily repressed till end of 20th century. The linguistic division (or not) of both languages is still discussed today: there are those, mostly some Galician nationalist groups, who demand the reunification of the language. Many Portuguese and Galician philologists agree that that both dialects are still the same language. The Galician version of the language group is known to be in danger of extinction (even though it is still spoken by three million people in Galicia (Spain)), while the Portuguese version continues to grow in use, and today is the sixth most spoken language in the world. Portuguese-Galician is also known as the first period of Old Portuguese. Portuguese language
When I was creating the article I've said that i've taken this from Portuguese wikipedia... in reality, i've taken from Spanish Wikipedia.User:PedroPVZ 00:36, 9 Apr 2004 (UTC) ----- Removed: :Then, Portuguese-Galician was (with Latin) the only written language in the Peninsula This ignores Arabic, Mozarabic and Hebrew at the least. -- User:Error 03:31, 10 Apr 2004 (UTC) :what??????????????? tought I understand your point of view I'll rephrase (in Christian Iberia. I think you must be a Spanish nationalist or something like that! I'll replace the phrase, because that why the language was Popular in SPAIN!!! Deleting the phrase is a very stupid thing to do! I thought you were smarter! Information is to be given, not to be hidden. I cant give you sources conferming that (on the net) :: Define "then". If you mean the era of Alfonso X, it is wrong. Alfonso himself was an author in Castilian, though he chose P-G for poetry. And I'd have to check but I guess that Catalan and Occitan were already written by then. As far as I know, the role of poetry language of P-G was limited to the Western Christian kingdoms. In the Eastern ones, it was Occitan (see Troubadour). And certainly Mozarabic language is the first Iberian Romance used for poetry, though you could argue whether it was being written ''then''. -- User:Error 04:01, 11 Apr 2004 (UTC) ::: that's the normal undervaluation of Portuguese language in the modern times - in the rest of the world. My sources says that when Castillian started to be written, Galician became under siege. And the language turned from noble to peasant. Continue to "Guess"; I'll continue to study, all that I write in here has reliable backup.User:PedroPVZ 01:46, 12 Apr 2004 (UTC) I'm reading a book about Portuguese-Galician. A very stupid thing is you attributing a Portuguese Creole as a Spanish just because they have 10% of lexicon from Spanish. What is the most lammest thing to do! The only unsurred is Papiamento, because Portuguese reminence is shrinking, what doesn't happen in Fá D'Ambô. :It is in the nature of creoles to be influenced by several languages. I saw that Fala had an influence of Spanish, so I decided to include it with the Spanish Creoles. I tried to not hide the fact that the main European influence is Portuguese. Emphasize it if it's not clear. - User:Error 04:01, 11 Apr 2004 (UTC) :: That's true. Portuguese has 10% of its lexicon based on Arabic. I really dont believe that we speak Arabic, or our language is based on it. :: For example it is not difficult to a Portuguese speaker understand the latin of the movie "Passion of Christ". That even astonished many people, a guy said "our language is very old." - i find that sentence curious! It is really similar to what we speak today; a Portuguese trying to understand Arabic, is impossible, unless he knowns it. Just a side view. :::As an aside, I have expressed my doubt in Talk:The Passion of the Christ that the Latin in the film may be much too Romance for 33 AD. Comment there if you know about the subject. -- User:Error 01:56, 13 Apr 2004 (UTC) ::The Base = biggest source. You cant put as base all the minimal content from various languages. That's a simplistic POV, unreliable and incorrect. But, i dont disagree with Fâ d'Ambo in the Spanish Creole article. In fact, I Agree, but it should be very well explicit that is a creole influenced by spanish and not a Spanish Creole! In Papiamento, there is a complicated situation.User:PedroPVZ A thing's for sure, you love Spain, and acting as you did, you must be Spanish. Hebrew in Iberia? :The Sephardim were the most developed Jewish community in Europe during the Middle Ages. They excelled in Hebrew literature (and Arabic and Romance,...). The Kabbalah was developed enormously in Iberia. -- User:Error 04:01, 11 Apr 2004 (UTC) :: Very interresting. I think the expulsion of the Jews from Iberia was a very sad story, and Iberia lost a lot. Portugal had a big community and many from Spain came to live in the country, but we have the problem that Spain had a lot of influence in the vatican, and Portugal didn't want to loose what it has gained. But that is not the core of the question. Hebrew was less important than Russian is today in here.User:PedroPVZ 01:46, 12 Apr 2004 (UTC) ::: I don't agree. I don't remember numbers for the % of Jews in Iberia (10%?) but I can say that a big chunk of the alphabetized population of Iberia knew Hebrew. :::: Russian in widely spoken in Portugal by emigrants. For what I've known about Hebrews is that they were always a minority. many Jews turned Christian and adopt names of Fruit Trees. My last name is "Oliveira" (Oliver) Maybe I've a Jewish past. Eheh! That continues to be out of the reality. If there was a big community of Hebrew speakers, then why the only Hebrew Words comes from the Church? In Portuguese we even have got a hundred words of Spanish origin, and with Spanish the same towards Portuguese. And believe me that was very difficult to happen (even being neighbours). Even with a small contact, there was contact. Where is Hebrew? User:PedroPVZ 19:38, 13 Apr 2004 (UTC) maibe Chinese in Iberia? French hã? Russian!!!! Is a fact that we normally forget Arabic of the conquered lands by the Moorish (what is a POV), dought Arabic was not widly spreed even in there. But in that way, you are wright, but you act wrongly. User:PedroPVZ 01:50, 11 Apr 2004 (UTC) :Al-Andalus poets are still reverred among speakers of Arabic. -- User:Error 04:01, 11 Apr 2004 (UTC) :: we study very few the Moorish Establishment in iberia, my country is the same one, and we only study that "Portugal freed the south and expeld the invading Moors", "we use words from Arabic and technology from them", "the 1st king of Portugal won a war against 7 Moorish kings" (whose castles are today in the Portuguese coat of Arms) and few more than this.User:PedroPVZ 01:46, 12 Apr 2004 (UTC) Finnaly, I also found very curious that Port.-Gal. was the first written language of the peninsula (i said of the... is the same to say: native), so I've wanted people to know that.User:PedroPVZ 01:46, 12 Apr 2004 (UTC) : Can you throw some date? One could say that the only native language in Medioeval Iberia is Basque. The rest (Romances, Arabic, Hebrew,...) are imported or local evolutions. : Mozarabic kharjas were written in the 10th and 11th centuries ([http://members.tripod.com/~Maga/index.html Examples in Spanish]). : Glosas Emilianenses (how to say in English?) are in Basque and Riojan Romance from the 11th century. :-- User:Error 01:56, 13 Apr 2004 (UTC) :: 1st: Mozarabic was written in Arabic not in Latin Alphabet. 2nd it was not in Christian Europe. :: You have a terrible definition of what's native. Native is a language spoken for some generations in some place. There's no language that really borns in a place, even Basque. Obviouly that Romance was a/the native language of the Peninsula, the population accepted the language gladly ages before. Besides, the Romans mixed with locals, following a genetic study, Portuguese are highly related with Italians, more that with Castillians, even if they (we) preserve specific local genes. :: Glosas Emilianenses, in Eng. would be "Emilianese Languages" (never eard, I'll read that, interresting). ''I've created a writting system for a dialect, that could become a language in 300 hundred yrs from now.'' So i've written the first document! Curious but (somewhat) stupid. This conversation will get to nowhere. Tought I like to discuss and argue (with You, in the case), but I would preferr in my language; in English I cant express as I would like :( :: Tought in Galicia, in the News, they said to found the more ancient document in Portuguese-Galician (date: i dont know); a part of that, the first documents are from 1192 and 1193, I've read the document of 1214 (used by the Portuguese King Afonso II) I got bowrred in the middle of the reading.User:PedroPVZ 19:38, 13 Apr 2004 (UTC)
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
Words begining with Portuguese-Galician:
Portuguese-Galician
Portuguese-Galician
Portuguese-Galician_languages
Portuguese-Galician
Portuguese-Galician (is known as ''Galaico-Português'' or ''Galego-Português'' in Portuguese language and ''Galaico-Portugués'' and ''Galego-Portugués'' in Galician) was a Iberian Romance language, spoken in the Middle Ages, in the western area of the Iberian Peninsula. It came via Vulgar Latin. The language was spoken, at first, from the Cantabric Sea to Douro River. But it extended south with the History of Portugal Reconquista. The Portuguese-Galician had a special cultural role in the Christian kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula which can be seen in its literature. It can be compared to the role of Occitan language in the Mediterranean coast. The three Portuguese-Galician medieval lyrics compositions remaining are: *''Cancioneiro de Ajuda'' *''Cancioneiro de Vaticana'' *''Cancioneiro Colocci-Brancutti'' (or Biblioteca Nacional) Some known poets were: Bernardo de Bonaval, Arias Nunes, Pero da Ponte, Pero Amigo. At first and until 1350, Portuguese-Galician was the only known and standard written native language in the Christian peninsula. The Castilian king Alfonso X of Castile, composed his Cantigas de Santa Maria and the Cantigas de Escarnio e Maldizer in Galician-Portuguese, his favourite language for poetry. The Portuguese king, Dinis of Portugal also wrote his Cantigas and declared Portuguese as an Official language in 1290. Until then Classical Latin was the official language of Portugal. Then, the spoken language did not have a name, was simply known as Língua Vulgar (Vulgar language or Vulgar Latin) until it was named Portuguese in the reign of King Denis. The term Portuguese-Galician is a modern invention. This language had its maximum expression in the final years of the 12th century until the 14th century in Spain. Since 1400, the Portuguese-Galician lost its unity when Castilian authorities prohibited the use of the language and the Galician version of the language became influenced by Spanish language, which is still happening today. The most important (at the time) Galician cities became independent with Portugal (Braga and Oporto), with the exception of Santiago de Compostela, previously to the independence Portugal was already a separated entity. Galician language was preserved because those who spoke it were rural people or never went to school, where Spanish was taught. The language was only officially recognized in Spain in late 20th century, but it was heavily repressed till end of 20th century. The linguistic division (or not) of both languages is still discussed today: there are those, mostly some Galician nationalist groups, who demand the reunification of the language. Many Portuguese and Galician philologists agree that that both dialects are still the same language. The Galician version of the language group is known to be in danger of extinction (even though it is still spoken by three million people in Galicia (Spain)), while the Portuguese version continues to grow in use, and today is the sixth most spoken language in the world. Portuguese-Galician is also known as the first period of Old Portuguese. Portuguese language
Portuguese-Galician
When I was creating the article I've said that i've taken this from Portuguese wikipedia... in reality, i've taken from Spanish Wikipedia.User:PedroPVZ 00:36, 9 Apr 2004 (UTC) ----- Removed: :Then, Portuguese-Galician was (with Latin) the only written language in the Peninsula This ignores Arabic, Mozarabic and Hebrew at the least. -- User:Error 03:31, 10 Apr 2004 (UTC) :what??????????????? tought I understand your point of view I'll rephrase (in Christian Iberia. I think you must be a Spanish nationalist or something like that! I'll replace the phrase, because that why the language was Popular in SPAIN!!! Deleting the phrase is a very stupid thing to do! I thought you were smarter! Information is to be given, not to be hidden. I cant give you sources conferming that (on the net) :: Define "then". If you mean the era of Alfonso X, it is wrong. Alfonso himself was an author in Castilian, though he chose P-G for poetry. And I'd have to check but I guess that Catalan and Occitan were already written by then. As far as I know, the role of poetry language of P-G was limited to the Western Christian kingdoms. In the Eastern ones, it was Occitan (see Troubadour). And certainly Mozarabic language is the first Iberian Romance used for poetry, though you could argue whether it was being written ''then''. -- User:Error 04:01, 11 Apr 2004 (UTC) ::: that's the normal undervaluation of Portuguese language in the modern times - in the rest of the world. My sources says that when Castillian started to be written, Galician became under siege. And the language turned from noble to peasant. Continue to "Guess"; I'll continue to study, all that I write in here has reliable backup.User:PedroPVZ 01:46, 12 Apr 2004 (UTC) I'm reading a book about Portuguese-Galician. A very stupid thing is you attributing a Portuguese Creole as a Spanish just because they have 10% of lexicon from Spanish. What is the most lammest thing to do! The only unsurred is Papiamento, because Portuguese reminence is shrinking, what doesn't happen in Fá D'Ambô. :It is in the nature of creoles to be influenced by several languages. I saw that Fala had an influence of Spanish, so I decided to include it with the Spanish Creoles. I tried to not hide the fact that the main European influence is Portuguese. Emphasize it if it's not clear. - User:Error 04:01, 11 Apr 2004 (UTC) :: That's true. Portuguese has 10% of its lexicon based on Arabic. I really dont believe that we speak Arabic, or our language is based on it. :: For example it is not difficult to a Portuguese speaker understand the latin of the movie "Passion of Christ". That even astonished many people, a guy said "our language is very old." - i find that sentence curious! It is really similar to what we speak today; a Portuguese trying to understand Arabic, is impossible, unless he knowns it. Just a side view. :::As an aside, I have expressed my doubt in Talk:The Passion of the Christ that the Latin in the film may be much too Romance for 33 AD. Comment there if you know about the subject. -- User:Error 01:56, 13 Apr 2004 (UTC) ::The Base = biggest source. You cant put as base all the minimal content from various languages. That's a simplistic POV, unreliable and incorrect. But, i dont disagree with Fâ d'Ambo in the Spanish Creole article. In fact, I Agree, but it should be very well explicit that is a creole influenced by spanish and not a Spanish Creole! In Papiamento, there is a complicated situation.User:PedroPVZ A thing's for sure, you love Spain, and acting as you did, you must be Spanish. Hebrew in Iberia? :The Sephardim were the most developed Jewish community in Europe during the Middle Ages. They excelled in Hebrew literature (and Arabic and Romance,...). The Kabbalah was developed enormously in Iberia. -- User:Error 04:01, 11 Apr 2004 (UTC) :: Very interresting. I think the expulsion of the Jews from Iberia was a very sad story, and Iberia lost a lot. Portugal had a big community and many from Spain came to live in the country, but we have the problem that Spain had a lot of influence in the vatican, and Portugal didn't want to loose what it has gained. But that is not the core of the question. Hebrew was less important than Russian is today in here.User:PedroPVZ 01:46, 12 Apr 2004 (UTC) ::: I don't agree. I don't remember numbers for the % of Jews in Iberia (10%?) but I can say that a big chunk of the alphabetized population of Iberia knew Hebrew. :::: Russian in widely spoken in Portugal by emigrants. For what I've known about Hebrews is that they were always a minority. many Jews turned Christian and adopt names of Fruit Trees. My last name is "Oliveira" (Oliver) Maybe I've a Jewish past. Eheh! That continues to be out of the reality. If there was a big community of Hebrew speakers, then why the only Hebrew Words comes from the Church? In Portuguese we even have got a hundred words of Spanish origin, and with Spanish the same towards Portuguese. And believe me that was very difficult to happen (even being neighbours). Even with a small contact, there was contact. Where is Hebrew? User:PedroPVZ 19:38, 13 Apr 2004 (UTC) maibe Chinese in Iberia? French hã? Russian!!!! Is a fact that we normally forget Arabic of the conquered lands by the Moorish (what is a POV), dought Arabic was not widly spreed even in there. But in that way, you are wright, but you act wrongly. User:PedroPVZ 01:50, 11 Apr 2004 (UTC) :Al-Andalus poets are still reverred among speakers of Arabic. -- User:Error 04:01, 11 Apr 2004 (UTC) :: we study very few the Moorish Establishment in iberia, my country is the same one, and we only study that "Portugal freed the south and expeld the invading Moors", "we use words from Arabic and technology from them", "the 1st king of Portugal won a war against 7 Moorish kings" (whose castles are today in the Portuguese coat of Arms) and few more than this.User:PedroPVZ 01:46, 12 Apr 2004 (UTC) Finnaly, I also found very curious that Port.-Gal. was the first written language of the peninsula (i said of the... is the same to say: native), so I've wanted people to know that.User:PedroPVZ 01:46, 12 Apr 2004 (UTC) : Can you throw some date? One could say that the only native language in Medioeval Iberia is Basque. The rest (Romances, Arabic, Hebrew,...) are imported or local evolutions. : Mozarabic kharjas were written in the 10th and 11th centuries ([http://members.tripod.com/~Maga/index.html Examples in Spanish]). : Glosas Emilianenses (how to say in English?) are in Basque and Riojan Romance from the 11th century. :-- User:Error 01:56, 13 Apr 2004 (UTC) :: 1st: Mozarabic was written in Arabic not in Latin Alphabet. 2nd it was not in Christian Europe. :: You have a terrible definition of what's native. Native is a language spoken for some generations in some place. There's no language that really borns in a place, even Basque. Obviouly that Romance was a/the native language of the Peninsula, the population accepted the language gladly ages before. Besides, the Romans mixed with locals, following a genetic study, Portuguese are highly related with Italians, more that with Castillians, even if they (we) preserve specific local genes. :: Glosas Emilianenses, in Eng. would be "Emilianese Languages" (never eard, I'll read that, interresting). ''I've created a writting system for a dialect, that could become a language in 300 hundred yrs from now.'' So i've written the first document! Curious but (somewhat) stupid. This conversation will get to nowhere. Tought I like to discuss and argue (with You, in the case), but I would preferr in my language; in English I cant express as I would like :( :: Tought in Galicia, in the News, they said to found the more ancient document in Portuguese-Galician (date: i dont know); a part of that, the first documents are from 1192 and 1193, I've read the document of 1214 (used by the Portuguese King Afonso II) I got bowrred in the middle of the reading.User:PedroPVZ 19:38, 13 Apr 2004 (UTC)
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
P
PA | PB | PC | PD | PE | PF | PG | PH | PI | PJ | PK | PL | PM | PN | PO | PR | PS | PT | PU | PW | PX | PY | PZ |Words begining with Portuguese-Galician:
Portuguese-Galician
Portuguese-Galician
Portuguese-Galician_languages
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