
#REDIRECT Polish heraldry
{|cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:#c3cbff; float:right; border:1px solid; margin:5px" !style="background:#ccf; border-bottom:1px solid; font-size:90%"|This article is part
of the Polish Heraldry
series
History of Poland
This article is the main page of the Polish heraldry series. ==Project structure== Structure of the Polish heraldry project is as follows: * Polish heraldry ** List of Polish Coats of Arms ** all the CoA articles ==Template==
(see: Template talk:Infobox PolishCoA)
==How to==
If you want to create a page about one of the Coats of Arms please follow these steps:
* Follow a link (or create it, if non-existent) from List of Polish Coats of Arms
* Insert the text from the above box and fill it in with details, then save (see: Template talk:Infobox PolishCoA for instructions)
* edit the article again to fill the gaps
==General discussion==
I've once heard that initially neither the colours, or - what-was -it's name- the figures over the coat were not significant at all in Polish heraldry, and even the direction of the signs could change and it was till the same coat. Should that be mentioned, if this is true? User:Szopen 09:53, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)
:It should be mentioned if it's true. The problem is that there are no volunteers so far to expand this article. I have very little knowledge on the topic (can describe my own CoA and some others, but little more) and created this project only to give some shape to the series of sub-stub articles created by Emax. User:HalibuttUser_Talk:Halibutt">User:Halibutt|User:HalibuttUser Talk:Halibutt 16:36, Oct 18, 2004 (UTC)
:Can anyone explain the colours "steel" and "weasel"? --User:Daniel C. Boyer 21:00, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)
::Steel is basically grey, as far as I remember. I don't remember what was the other colour, but you should check the article on Tincture (heraldry) for more info (or ask there). User:Halibutt">User:Halibutt|User:Halibutt 23:18, Dec 13, 2004 (UTC)
=== Wrong page ===
I think that the PROJECT page should be at Wikipedia:WikiProject Polish heraldry, and this project should be a descendant project of Wikipedia:WikiProject History of Poland (or Wikipedia:WikiProject Heraldy, but that one doesn't exist at all). Also, the stub section note (in the middle of the text) looks out of place, and see also at the begining is not very good as well. A note about individual coat's pages - they should all have a 'see also' list... section, IMHO. Otherwise, beautiful job, very useful to my szlachta project's :) --User:Piotrus 09:43, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)
::Agreed. But do we really need to discuss anything more on the topic? User:HalibuttUser_Talk:Halibutt">User:Halibutt|User:HalibuttUser Talk:Halibutt 12:29, Oct 22, 2004 (UTC)
:: This is Wiki...sooner or later, I am sure sb else will want to say sth about that. And as I wrote, the 'project note' does not look good on the main article page. --User:Piotrus 16:22, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)
:Well, in my honest opinion there isn't much to do here apart from finishing this article. Unless of course someone wants to expand it into a series, but I doubt it. And I liked the information on the main page since it allowed the others to find out that there are actually some other articles closely related to this article and that this one is but a help to understand them and not a separate article as such. Anyway, I'm currently busy with Wikipedia:Wikiproject Polish Army so do as you please. User:Halibutt">User:Halibutt|User:Halibutt 19:52, Nov 19, 2004 (UTC)
:: There is this nice box 'This article is part of the Polish Heraldry series', so I think this is enough for information purposes. --User:Piotrus 21:50, 19 Nov 2004 (UTC)
:Fine with me. User:Halibutt">User:Halibutt|User:Halibutt 21:58, Nov 19, 2004 (UTC)
==History== The history of Polish heraldry is an integral part of the history of szlachta, or a local class of nobility. Contrary to its formation in the countries of Western Europe, the Polish szlachta did not emerge from the chivalry, but rather from a Slavs class of free warriors. Those were often hired by the prince to his unit (Polish language ''drużyna'') and who were eventually paid in land. Only a small number of szlachta families or clans are traced from traditional clan system and were actually related with other members of the clan. Most of szlachta were, at least since 12th century, not related and their unions were mostly voluntary and based on parentage rather than kinship. Since Poland emerged almost at once as a relatively unified duchy in 10th century, it was the Prince or the Monarch who was considered the patron of all the clans. He granted privileges and land to clan members rather than to clans as such and was allowed to assign new knights to the clans of his choice. Because of that, the system of strong and wealthy groups of relatives was never developed in Poland. Instead, the Polish clans (Polish language ''rody'') were much more unstable than their Western counterparts. The first heraldic signs arrived to Poland in 13th century. In early 15th century the Polish language generic word for a Coat of Arms was invented: herb. It was a Polish version of the Czech language ''erb'', which in turn came from German language ''Erbe'' - ''heritage''. In 1413 by the Union of Horodlo the noble families of Grand Duchy of Lithuania were adopted '' en masse ''into Polish noble clans, therefore getting Polish coats-of-arms. ==Peculiarities== Although the Polish heraldic system evolved under influence of the French and German coats of arms, there are many notable differences: As mentioned above, coat-of-arms does not belong to a single family. A number of unrelated families (sometimes hundreds of them) with different surnames "belong" to a coat-of-arms, which has its own name. When presenting a man of noble origin, a after his name a name of his coat-of-arms is given, for example: Jan Zamoyski herbu Jelita (literally '' Jan Zamoyski of Jelita coat-of-arms '', although normally it is translated rather '' ...of clan Jelita ''). This system was also applied to persons of foreign origin, who were officially included into the ranks of Polish nobilty, but retained their original coat-of-arms - for example: Jan Denhof Coat of Arms herbu własnego (literally '' Jan Denhoff of the coat-of-arms of his own '') Logically, a number of various coats of arms in this system was rather low - in late middle ages it was less then 200. Single '' herb '' could appear in slightly different versions (most typically in different colours), depending of family which used it. Such versions ('' odmiany '') were still considered to represent the same coat-of-arms. Typical figures used in Polish heraldry include horseshoes, arrows, maltan crosses, scythes, stars and crescents. There is also a number of purely geometrical shapes, for which a separate set of heraldic terms was invented - these are largely intranslatable into English (and sometimes their origin is obscure even in Polish). Comparing the oldest recorded forms of Polish heraldic signs with later ones suggests, that originally they all represented abstract geometrical shapes, which were gradually "rationalized" into above mentioned horseshoes, arrows etc. The look of these earliest examples leads to hypothesis, that Polish heraldry originated from a system of property marks akin to tamga - signs of property used by nomadic people of the Steppe, like Sarmatians or Avars. A Polish coat-of-arms consists of shield, crest, helm and mantling. Supporters, motto and and compartment normally do not appear, although certain individuals could use them, especially in 18th and 19th century. ===Shield=== Polish coats of arms are divided in the very same way as their Western counterparts. However, since the coats of arms were originally granted to clans rather than separate families, there was no need to join various coats of arms into one when a new branch of the family was formed. Thus Polish escutcheons are rarely parted. The ''hearted'' shape of the shield can be seen mostly on the symbols of royal families, with the coats of Poland and Lithuania placed diagonally and the coat of arms of the monarch placed centrally.
{| border="1" cellpadding="2"
!Example
!
!
!
!
!
|-
|English name
|Parted per fess
|Parted per pale
|Parted per bend sinister
|Parted quarterly
|Parted quarterly with a heart
|-
|Polish name
|w pas
|w słup
|w skos
|czterodzielny
|sercowy
|}
Also, the tradition of differentiating between the coat of arms proper and a lozenge granted to women did not develop in Poland. Usually men inherited the coat of arms from their fathers (or the member of the clan who "adopted them") while women inherited it after their mothers or were adopted to the family of the husband. Also, the brisure was rarely used.
===Tincture (heraldry)===
There are seven basic tinctures in English heraldry. On the contrary, in Poland and Lithuania many more tinctures were frequently used, including grey, steel, brunatre, weasel and carnation.
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3"
! Tincture
! Heraldic name
! Polish name
|-
! colspan=3 | ''Metals''
|-
| Gold/Yellow
| Or
| Złoto
|-
| Silver/White
| Argent
| Srebro
|-
! colspan=3 | ''Colours''
|-
| Blue
| Azure
| Niebieski
|-
| Red
| Gules
| Czerwony
|-
| Purple
| Purpure
| Purpura
|-
| Black
| Sable
| Czarny
|-
| Green
| Vert
| Zielony
|}
==Bibliography and CoA listings==
Traditionally the Coats of Arms were published in various listings of szlachta and armorials, known in Polish language as ''herbarz''. Some of the most notable such publications include:
# Bartosz Paprocki, ''Gniazdo cnoty''. Kraków, 1578.
# Bartosz Paprocki, ''Herby rycerstwa polskiego''; Kraków, 1584 (II ed. Kraków, 1858).
# Szymon Okólski, ''Orbis Polonus''; Kraków, 1640.
# Waclaw Potocki, ''Poczet herbów szlachty Korony Polskiey i Wielkiego Xsięstwa Litewskiego''; Krakow, 1696.
# rev. Kacper Niesiecki, ''Herby i familie rycerskie tak w Koronie jako y w W.X.L.''; Lwów, 1728.
# rev. Kacper Niesiecki, ''Korona polska''; Lwów, 1728–1743.
# rev. Benedykt Chmielowski, ''Zbiór krótki herbów polskich, oraz wsławionych cnotą i naukami Polaków''; Warsaw, 1763.
# rev Kasper Niesiecki, ''Herbarz Polski''; Leipzig, 1839-1846.
# Teodor Zychlinski, ''Złota księga szlachty polskiej''; Poznan, 1879-1908
# Adam Boniecki, ''Herbarz polski''; Warsaw, 1899-1913.
# hr. Jerzy Dunin-Borkowski, ''Almanach błękitny. Genealogia żyjących rodów polskich''; Lwów, 1908.
# Edward Borowski, ''Genealogie niektórych polskich rodzin utytułowanych''; Buenos Aires-Paris, 1964.
# Slawomir Gorzynski, Jerzy Kochanowski ''Herby szlachty polskiej''; Warsaw, 1990
# Alfred Znamierowski ''Insygnia, symbole i herby polskie''; Warsaw, 2003
==See also:==
* Coat of Arms
* Heraldry
* History of Poland
* List of Polish Coats of Arms
* Szlachta
==External links:==
* [http://akromer.republika.pl/armorial_pocz.html Polish Coats of Arms listing] (Polish)
* [http://republika.pl/akromer/ter_linki.html Coats of Arms of Lands of the Commonwealth] (several hundred pictures, welcome text Polish)
* [http://www.szlachta.org/heraldry.htm Polish Nobility and Its Heraldry]
* [http://genealog.home.pl/g.pl?kd=4&hz=1 Armorial]
Polish coats of arms
Heraldry
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
Words begining with Polish_heraldry:
Polish_Heraldry
Polish_heraldry
Polish_heraldry
Polish_heraldry
Polish Heraldry
#REDIRECT Polish heraldry
Polish heraldry
{|cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:#c3cbff; float:right; border:1px solid; margin:5px" !style="background:#ccf; border-bottom:1px solid; font-size:90%"|This article is part
of the Polish Heraldry
series
History of Poland
Polish heraldry
This article is the main page of the Polish heraldry series. ==Project structure== Structure of the Polish heraldry project is as follows: * Polish heraldry ** List of Polish Coats of Arms ** all the CoA articles ==Template==
Polish heraldry
==History== The history of Polish heraldry is an integral part of the history of szlachta, or a local class of nobility. Contrary to its formation in the countries of Western Europe, the Polish szlachta did not emerge from the chivalry, but rather from a Slavs class of free warriors. Those were often hired by the prince to his unit (Polish language ''drużyna'') and who were eventually paid in land. Only a small number of szlachta families or clans are traced from traditional clan system and were actually related with other members of the clan. Most of szlachta were, at least since 12th century, not related and their unions were mostly voluntary and based on parentage rather than kinship. Since Poland emerged almost at once as a relatively unified duchy in 10th century, it was the Prince or the Monarch who was considered the patron of all the clans. He granted privileges and land to clan members rather than to clans as such and was allowed to assign new knights to the clans of his choice. Because of that, the system of strong and wealthy groups of relatives was never developed in Poland. Instead, the Polish clans (Polish language ''rody'') were much more unstable than their Western counterparts. The first heraldic signs arrived to Poland in 13th century. In early 15th century the Polish language generic word for a Coat of Arms was invented: herb. It was a Polish version of the Czech language ''erb'', which in turn came from German language ''Erbe'' - ''heritage''. In 1413 by the Union of Horodlo the noble families of Grand Duchy of Lithuania were adopted '' en masse ''into Polish noble clans, therefore getting Polish coats-of-arms. ==Peculiarities== Although the Polish heraldic system evolved under influence of the French and German coats of arms, there are many notable differences: As mentioned above, coat-of-arms does not belong to a single family. A number of unrelated families (sometimes hundreds of them) with different surnames "belong" to a coat-of-arms, which has its own name. When presenting a man of noble origin, a after his name a name of his coat-of-arms is given, for example: Jan Zamoyski herbu Jelita (literally '' Jan Zamoyski of Jelita coat-of-arms '', although normally it is translated rather '' ...of clan Jelita ''). This system was also applied to persons of foreign origin, who were officially included into the ranks of Polish nobilty, but retained their original coat-of-arms - for example: Jan Denhof Coat of Arms herbu własnego (literally '' Jan Denhoff of the coat-of-arms of his own '') Logically, a number of various coats of arms in this system was rather low - in late middle ages it was less then 200. Single '' herb '' could appear in slightly different versions (most typically in different colours), depending of family which used it. Such versions ('' odmiany '') were still considered to represent the same coat-of-arms. Typical figures used in Polish heraldry include horseshoes, arrows, maltan crosses, scythes, stars and crescents. There is also a number of purely geometrical shapes, for which a separate set of heraldic terms was invented - these are largely intranslatable into English (and sometimes their origin is obscure even in Polish). Comparing the oldest recorded forms of Polish heraldic signs with later ones suggests, that originally they all represented abstract geometrical shapes, which were gradually "rationalized" into above mentioned horseshoes, arrows etc. The look of these earliest examples leads to hypothesis, that Polish heraldry originated from a system of property marks akin to tamga - signs of property used by nomadic people of the Steppe, like Sarmatians or Avars. A Polish coat-of-arms consists of shield, crest, helm and mantling. Supporters, motto and and compartment normally do not appear, although certain individuals could use them, especially in 18th and 19th century. ===Shield=== Polish coats of arms are divided in the very same way as their Western counterparts. However, since the coats of arms were originally granted to clans rather than separate families, there was no need to join various coats of arms into one when a new branch of the family was formed. Thus Polish escutcheons are rarely parted. The ''hearted'' shape of the shield can be seen mostly on the symbols of royal families, with the coats of Poland and Lithuania placed diagonally and the coat of arms of the monarch placed centrally.
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
P
PA | PB | PC | PD | PE | PF | PG | PH | PI | PJ | PK | PL | PM | PN | PO | PR | PS | PT | PU | PW | PX | PY | PZ |Words begining with Polish_heraldry:
Polish_Heraldry
Polish_heraldry
Polish_heraldry
Polish_heraldry
These materials are based on Wikipedia and licensed under the GNU FDL
YouTube.com videos better site than Turbo Tax 2007
