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PASCAL#REDIRECT Pascal programming language PascalThe pascal (symbol Pa) is the SI physical unit of pressure. It is equivalent to one newton per square metre. The unit is named after Blaise Pascal, the eminent French mathematician, physicist and philosopher. ; 1 Pa : = 1 N/m2 = 1 (kg·m/s2)/m2 = 1 kg/m·s2 : = 0.01 millibar : = 0.00001 Bar (unit) The same unit is also used for stress (physics), Young's modulus and tensile strength. Standard atmospheric pressure is 101,325 Pa = 101.325 kPa = 1,013.25 hPa = 1,013.25 mbar = 760 torr (ISO 2533). Meteorologists world-wide have for a long time measured air pressure in millibars. After the introduction of SI units, many preferred to preserve the customary pressure figures. Therefore, meteorologists use hectopascals today for air pressure, which are equivalent to millibars, while similar pressures are given in kilopascals in practically all other fields, where the hecto prefix is hardly ever used. ; 1 hectopascal (hPa) : = 100 Pa = 1 mbar ; 1 kilopascal (kPa) : = 1,000 Pa = 10 hPa In the former Soviet Metre-tonne-second system of units the unit of pressure is the pieze, which is equivalent to one kilopascal. The Unicode computer character set has dedicated symbols ㎩ for Pa and ㎪ for kPa, but these exist merely for backwards-compatibility with some older ideographic character sets. == Examples of various values (approximately) == (See SI prefix for guide to units.) {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" | 0.5 Pa | Atmospheric pressure on Pluto (planet) (1988 figure; very roughly) |- | 10 Pa | Pressure increase per 1 mm of a water column¹ |- | 1 kPa | Atmospheric pressure on Mars (planet), ∼1 % of atmospheric sea-level pressure on Earth |- | 10 kPa | Pressure increase per 1 m of a water column¹, or the drop in air pressure when going from Earth sea level to 1000 m elevation |- | 101.325 kPa | Standard atmospheric pressure for Earth sea level = 1013.25 hPa |- | 10 MPa | Pressure washers force out water at this pressure |- | 100 MPa | Pressure at bottom of Mariana Trench, about 10 km below ocean surface |- | 10 GPa | Diamond forms |- | 100 GPa | Theoretical tensile strength of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) |} ¹at the Earth's surface == Comparison to other units of pressure == {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" | 1 bar (unit) | align=right | 100,000 Pa |- | 1 millibar | align=right | 100 Pa |- | 1 atmosphere (unit) | align=right | 101,325 Pa |- | 1 mmHg (or torr) | align=right | 133.332 Pa |- | 1 inch Hg | align=right | 3,386.833 Pa |} {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" |+ Pressure units and conversion factors | ! ! bar ! colspan="2"| technical/physical atmosphere ! Torr ! Pound-force per square inch psi |- ! 1 Pa | ≡ 1 N/m² | = 10−5 bar | ≈ 10.2·10−6 at | ≈ 9.87·10−6 atm | ≈ 7.5·10−3 torr | ≈ 145·10−6 psi |- ! 1 bar | = 100,000 Pa | ≡ 106 dyn/cm² | ≈ 1.02 at | ≈ 0.987 atm | ≈ 750 torr | ≈ 14.504 psi |- ! 1 at | = 98,066.5 Pa | = 0.980665 bar | ≡ 1 kgf/cm² | ≈ 0.968 atm | ≈ 736 torr | ≈ 14.223 psi |- ! 1 atm | = 101,325 Pa | = 1.01325 bar | ≈ 1.033 at | ≡ ''Normalbedingung'' | = 760 torr | ≈ 14.696 psi |- ! 1 torr | ≈ 133.322 Pa | ≈ 1.333·10−3 bar | ≈ 1.360·10−3 at | ≈ 1.316·10−3 atm | ≡ 1 mmHg | ≈ 19.337·10−3 psi |- ! 1 psi | ≈ 6,894.757 Pa | ≈ 68.948·10−3 bar | ≈ 70.307·10−3 at | ≈ 68.046·10−3 atm | ≈ 51.7149 torr | ≡ 1 Pound-force/Inch |} SI derived units Units of pressure PascalMy major interests: Chess, Geography, History, and Rock_and_roll Music. ==images on ifd== The images :Image:Virgin islands sm02.jpg and :Image:British virgin islands sm02.jpg have been listed on Wikipedia:Images for deletion. They have been obsoleted by :Image:Virgin islands sm02.png and :Image:British virgin islands sm02.png. Since these images were uploaded by you, you might want to go through the process of re-downloading the original GIFs and converting them to PNGs, then changing over the links and listing the old JPGs on Wikipedia:Images for deletion, as I've done here. I'll fix them as I see them. User:Grendelkhan 04:44, 2004 May 12 (UTC) Ditto for :Image:Kenya sm02.jpg. (If you don't want these notifications, let me know and I'll stop leaving them; I figured you might want to know where all your images are going.) User:Grendelkhan 05:25, 2004 May 12 (UTC) * :Image:Montserrat sm03.jpg * :Image:Cayman islands sm02.jpg User:Grendelkhan 16:53, 2004 May 12 (UTC) :Its OK User:Pascal 21:41, 15 Jul 2004 (UTC) ==WikiProject Unrecognized Countries== Hi Pascal, I noticed you had made contributions to Anjouan. If you're interested in Anjouan and similar places, why don't you drop by the Wikipedia:WikiProject Unrecognized countries and help add some more depth to Wikipedia's coverage of these? Be sure to visit the Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Unrecognized countries, and if you are interested, you can become a Wikipedia:WikiProject Unrecognized countries#Participants. User:Ambivalenthysteria 12:36, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC) * This is indeed interesting. I have added two little countries: Sealand and Principality of Minerva, I think they fit the unrecognized countries-category. I am general interested in small (island) nations, and the Comoros have my special interest. Also added: Taiwan User:Pascal 16:15, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC) Hey, thanks for that link. It's the best resource on some of the more obscure ones (such as Anjouan) that I've seen so far. It can be a bit painful to work out which ones actually ''got'' some functional independence, and which were just optimistic rebel movements, though. User:Ambi 09:02, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC) : You're welcome. I found it also quite interesting, althought Anjouan is really not as obscure as some of the others. Agreed, we have to select the proper ones. (tip: check out the maps on this site http://www.buckyogi.com/footnotes/index.htm). User:Pascal 09:26, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC) ::That's pretty handy too. Shame they only have maps of the Americas though. I wish the notes themselves had more dates, too. User:Ambi 09:34, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC) == English == Hi. Please Wikipedia:Disambiguation ''English'' on your user page. For example, English language. User:RedWolf 02:44, Sep 3, 2004 (UTC) :Done User:Pascal 23:00, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC) ==Comoros maps== I noticed you provided a most excellent map to the article Anjouan. I was wondering if you could perhaps do the same (if you have the source for it) for the other islands of Comoros. The map really makes the article work and it would be an invaluable contribution to the other articles. Thanks for your contributions. User:Arminius 21:29, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC) ==Unverified images== Hi! Thanks for uploading the following images: *:Image:Isla_mas_Afuera_Juan_Fernandez_(Chile).jpg *:Image:Isla_mas_Atierra_Juan_Fernandez_(Chile).jpg *:Image:Isle_of_Youth_(Cuba).jpg *:Image:Dualgauche.jpg I notice it currently doesn't have an Wikipedia:Image copyright tags. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use Pascal==About me and my interests== I'm from The Netherlands. My main languages are Dutch, English_Language and German, secondary French, which I can speak and read a bit, and in third place Spanish and Esperanto, which I can read a bit. On wikipedia, I almost exclusively write in English. My interests are first and foremost Chess, but I use Wikipedia mostly to find historical and geographical information. Other interests are Esperanto, geography (especially islands, Micronations, small nations and capitals), space exploration, music, programming, Chesstraining, and other things. Some of my 'own' featured articles I worked on: * Rómulo Betancourt * Federated States of Micronesia, Nan Madol * Comoros, Bob_Denard, Coelacanth * Zanzibar, Pemba, Mafia_Island * 1986 Berlin discotheque bombing * Bruno Hauptmann * Fédération Internationale des Échecs ==License== ==Some links for quick access== *Wikipedia:Public_domain_image_resources *http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/index.html == Special char stash == À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ Ç È É Ê Ë Ì Í Î Ï Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Ö Ø Ù Ú Û Ü ß à á â ã ä å æ ç è é ê ë ì í î ï ñ ò ó ô õ ö ø ù ú û ü ÿ Pascal==Carbon nanotubes== From the table of pressures and examples of those pressures: "100 GPa - Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)" - what about carbon nanotubes at 100 GPa? Is that the pressure at which they break under force in a particular direction? -- User:Ke4roh 13:14, 21 Jan 2004 (UTC) : Added link for tensile strength, to clarify that 100 GPa is not a pressure here. User:Markus Kuhn 11:06, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC) ==Mars atmospheric pressure== This artical says it is 1 kPa. The mars article says it is 0.1 kPa. One of these is wrong. My understanding is that it is 0.7-0.9 kPa which is just slightly above the point where water cannot exist in the liquid phase. Can those who made the wrong example make a correction? -- Terrell Larson : The Mars article (and other sources I checked) say it is typically 0.75 kPa. The 1 kPa order-of-magnitude figure that is given here seems to be a crude, but easy to memorize, valid, rounded version of that. User:Markus Kuhn 11:06, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC) See other meanings of words starting from letter: PPA | PB | PC | PD | PE | PF | PG | PH | PI | PJ | PK | PL | PM | PN | PO | PR | PS | PT | PU | PW | PX | PY | PZ |Words begining with Pascal: PASCAL Pascal Pascal Pascal Pascal Pascal's_Calculator Pascal's_calculator Pascal's_Gambit Pascal's_gambit Pascal's_Law Pascal's_Law Pascal's_law Pascal's_Principle Pascal's_principle Pascal's_pyramid Pascal's_pyramid Pascal's_theorem Pascal's_Triangle Pascal's_triangle Pascal's_triangle Pascal's_Wager Pascal's_Wager Pascal's_wager Pascal's_wager Pascal's_Wager/archive1 Pascal666 Pascal666 PascalCase Pascale_Bussieres Pascale_Bussières Pascale_Ogier Pascale_Petit Pascaline Pascalromon Pascalromon Pascals Pascals_Triangle Pascals_triangle Pascals_Wager Pascals_wager Pascals_wager Pascalv Pascalv Pascal_(artist) Pascal_(crater) Pascal_(disambiguation) Pascal_(language) Pascal_(measurement) Pascal_(programming_language) Pascal_(unit) Pascal_and_C Pascal_and_C Pascal_and_c Pascal_Ballay Pascal_Bosschaart Pascal_Boyer Pascal_Brackman Pascal_Brackman Pascal_Bruckner Pascal_case Pascal_Constanza Pascal_Couchepin Pascal_Cygan Pascal_dialects Pascal_distribution Pascal_Dusapin Pascal_Fabre Pascal_Feindouno Pascal_Lamy Pascal_Lissouba Pascal_Lissouba Pascal_Nouma Pascal_Paoli Pascal_Poirier Pascal_programming_language Pascal_programming_language Pascal_Quignard Pascal_Redpath Pascal_Rheaume Pascal_Rheaume Pascal_Robitaille Pascal_Salin Pascal_Sebah Pascal_second Pascal_Server_Pages Pascal_Thériault_Lauzier Pascal_Yoadimnadji |
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