
Parma is a Middle Ages city in the Italy region of Emilia-Romagna, with splendid architecture and a fine countryside around it. ==History== The city was most probably founded and named by the Etruscans, for a ''parma'' (circular shield) was a Latin borrowing, as were many Roman terms for particular arms, and "Parmeal" "Parmni" and "Parmnial" are names that appear in Etruscan inscriptions. Diodorus Siculus (XXII, 2,2; XXVIII, 2,1) reported that the Romans had changed their rectangular shields for round ones, imitating the Etruscans. Whether the Etruscan encampment was so named because it was round, like a shield, or whether its situation was a shield against the Gauls to the north, is more a matter of choice. Parma, like most northern Italian cities, was nominally a part of the Holy Roman Empire but locally ruled by its bishops until the commune gained strength in the early Middle Ages. It fell under the control of Milan in 1346, was ceded to the Holy See in 1511. The Farnese pope, Pope Paul III, detached Parma and Piacenza from the Papal States and gave them as a duchy for his illegitimate son, Pier Luigi Farnese, whose descendents ruled in Parma from 1545 to 1731, when Antonio Farnese (1679-1731), last male of the Farnese line, died. The combined Duchy of Parma and Piacenza was given to the House of Bourbon in a diplomatic shuffle of the European dynastic politics that were played out in Italy. It remained separate until the unification of Italy in 1860. ==Miscellaneous== Parma hosts the [http://www.comune.parma.it/tourvirtuale/virtual-teatroregio2.html Teatro Regio], a famous opera theatre. Stendhal set much of his masterpiece (''The Charterhouse of Parma'') in the city, even though there was no "Charterhouse" in real life. The town is also famous for its cheese "Parmigiano Reggiano" (which pride it shares with Reggio Emilia), for its Parma Ham (meat), and now for its international commercial brand Parmalat. Parma A.C. play in the city's Ennio Tardini stadium. Parma is home to two rugby union teams Parma Rugby and Gran Rugby. ===Famous people from Parma=== * Francesco Mazzola, called 'Il Parmigianino', 16th century painter * Sisto Badalocchio, painter * Giambattista Bodoni, typography ==External link== * [http://www.comune.parma.it/tourvirtuale/index.html 360° photos of City of Parma] Towns in Emilia-Romagna Farnese Italian history
Parma is like London or Paris in that "Parma" almost always means the one in Italy - those other Parmas are pretty unimportant! User:Stan Shebs 07:58, 15 Sep 2004 (UTC) == Vedi sito in francese == Buongiorno a tutti, purtroppo non scrivo e non parlo troppo bene l'inglese per portare il mio contributo a questa pagina. Pero' ho portato molti contributi alla pagina in lingua francese che spero qualche anglofono possa riprendere e tradurre qui. Grazie LEX
Parma
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
Words begining with Parma:
Parma
Parma
Parma
Parma,_ID
Parma,_Idaho
Parma,_Italy
Parma,_MI
Parma,_Michigan
Parma,_Michigan
Parma,_Missouri
Parma,_MO
Parma,_New_York
Parma,_OH
Parma,_Ohio
Parmaestro
Parmaestro
Parmalat
Parmalat
Parmara
Parma_(disambiguation)
Parma_(province)
Parma_A.C.
Parma_AC
Parma_Eldalamberon
Parma_F.C.
Parma_ham
Parma_Heights
Parma_Heights,_OH
Parma_Heights,_Ohio
Parma_Province
Parma_province
Parma_Rugby
Parma_Township,_MI
Parma_Township,_Michigan
Parma_violet
Parma_Wallaby
Parma_wallaby
Parma
Parma is a Middle Ages city in the Italy region of Emilia-Romagna, with splendid architecture and a fine countryside around it. ==History== The city was most probably founded and named by the Etruscans, for a ''parma'' (circular shield) was a Latin borrowing, as were many Roman terms for particular arms, and "Parmeal" "Parmni" and "Parmnial" are names that appear in Etruscan inscriptions. Diodorus Siculus (XXII, 2,2; XXVIII, 2,1) reported that the Romans had changed their rectangular shields for round ones, imitating the Etruscans. Whether the Etruscan encampment was so named because it was round, like a shield, or whether its situation was a shield against the Gauls to the north, is more a matter of choice. Parma, like most northern Italian cities, was nominally a part of the Holy Roman Empire but locally ruled by its bishops until the commune gained strength in the early Middle Ages. It fell under the control of Milan in 1346, was ceded to the Holy See in 1511. The Farnese pope, Pope Paul III, detached Parma and Piacenza from the Papal States and gave them as a duchy for his illegitimate son, Pier Luigi Farnese, whose descendents ruled in Parma from 1545 to 1731, when Antonio Farnese (1679-1731), last male of the Farnese line, died. The combined Duchy of Parma and Piacenza was given to the House of Bourbon in a diplomatic shuffle of the European dynastic politics that were played out in Italy. It remained separate until the unification of Italy in 1860. ==Miscellaneous== Parma hosts the [http://www.comune.parma.it/tourvirtuale/virtual-teatroregio2.html Teatro Regio], a famous opera theatre. Stendhal set much of his masterpiece (''The Charterhouse of Parma'') in the city, even though there was no "Charterhouse" in real life. The town is also famous for its cheese "Parmigiano Reggiano" (which pride it shares with Reggio Emilia), for its Parma Ham (meat), and now for its international commercial brand Parmalat. Parma A.C. play in the city's Ennio Tardini stadium. Parma is home to two rugby union teams Parma Rugby and Gran Rugby. ===Famous people from Parma=== * Francesco Mazzola, called 'Il Parmigianino', 16th century painter * Sisto Badalocchio, painter * Giambattista Bodoni, typography ==External link== * [http://www.comune.parma.it/tourvirtuale/index.html 360° photos of City of Parma] Towns in Emilia-Romagna Farnese Italian history
Parma
Parma is like London or Paris in that "Parma" almost always means the one in Italy - those other Parmas are pretty unimportant! User:Stan Shebs 07:58, 15 Sep 2004 (UTC) == Vedi sito in francese == Buongiorno a tutti, purtroppo non scrivo e non parlo troppo bene l'inglese per portare il mio contributo a questa pagina. Pero' ho portato molti contributi alla pagina in lingua francese che spero qualche anglofono possa riprendere e tradurre qui. Grazie LEX
Parma
Parma
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
P
PA | PB | PC | PD | PE | PF | PG | PH | PI | PJ | PK | PL | PM | PN | PO | PR | PS | PT | PU | PW | PX | PY | PZ |Words begining with Parma:
Parma
Parma
Parma
Parma,_ID
Parma,_Idaho
Parma,_Italy
Parma,_MI
Parma,_Michigan
Parma,_Michigan
Parma,_Missouri
Parma,_MO
Parma,_New_York
Parma,_OH
Parma,_Ohio
Parmaestro
Parmaestro
Parmalat
Parmalat
Parmara
Parma_(disambiguation)
Parma_(province)
Parma_A.C.
Parma_AC
Parma_Eldalamberon
Parma_F.C.
Parma_ham
Parma_Heights
Parma_Heights,_OH
Parma_Heights,_Ohio
Parma_Province
Parma_province
Parma_Rugby
Parma_Township,_MI
Parma_Township,_Michigan
Parma_violet
Parma_Wallaby
Parma_wallaby
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