PANAMA

#REDIRECT Panama

Panama

Panama (Spanish language: ''Panam�'') is the southernmost country of Central America. It constitutes the last part of a natural land bridge between the North American and South American continents. It borders Costa Rica to the west and Colombia to the east. {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+Rep�blica de Panam� |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align="center" width="140px" | | align="center" width="140px" | |- | align="center" width="140px" | (Flag of Panama) | align="center" width="140px" | (Full size) |} |- | align=center style="vertical-align: top;" colspan=2 | ''National motto: Pro Mundi Beneficio'' ''(Latin: For the Benefit of the World)'' |- | align=center colspan=2 style="background: #ffffff;" | |- | Official language | Spanish language (Official), (English language and indigenous languages on the Atlantic coast) |- | Capital | Panama City |- | President of Panama | Mart�n Torrijos |- | Area
- Total
- % water | List of countries by area
78,200 square kilometre
2.9% |- | Population
- Total
- Population density | List of countries by population
3,000,463 (July 2004 est.)
37/km² |- | Independence
- Declared | From Colombia
November 3, 1903 |- | Currency | Balboa (currency) |- | Time zone | Coordinated Universal Time -5 |- | National anthem | ''Himno Istme�o'' |- | Top-level domain | .pa |- | List of country calling codes | 507 |} == History == ''Main article: History of Panama'' Indeed much of Panama's domestic politics and international diplomacy in the 20th century were tied to the Panama Canal. At the turn of the 20th century, Theodore Roosevelt pursued United States diplomatic efforts to facilitate a deal that would allow it to take over French canal operations started by Ferdinand de Lesseps. In November 1903, political and naval maneuverings by the United States helped a small number of Panamanian rebels to secede from Colombia. On November 3, the rebels installed Manuel Amador Guerrero as President and declared Panama an independent Republic. The new republic was immediately recognized by the United States, and within three weeks, representatives of the fledgling republic signed the Hay-Bunau Varilla Treaty which granted rights to the United States to build and administer the Panama Canal. This treaty became a contentious diplomatic issue between the United States and Panama until the signing of the Torrijos-Carter Treaties in 1977. The Panamanian government went through periods of political instability and corruption and at various times in its history, the mandate of an elected president terminated prematurely. In 1968, Gen. Omar Torrijos toppled the government of the recently elected Arnulfo Arias Madrid and became the virtual uncontested leader of Panama until his death in an airplane accident in 1981. After Torrijos's death, power eventually became concentrated in the hands of Gen. Manuel Noriega. Relations with the United States government soured by the end of the 1980s. In December 1989, the United States invaded Panama in a large military operation codenamed Operation Just Cause involving 25,000 United States troops. Ostensibly, the death of a U.S. soldier in Panama at a Panamanian Defense Forces roadblock was one of the precipitating causes for the invasion,. However, according to the Panamanian government at the time, the officer's vehicle attempted to drive through the roadblock which was located near a sensitive military location. A few hours after the invasion, in a ceremony that took place inside a US military base in the former Canal Zone, Guillermo Endara was sworn in as the new president of Panama. The invasion occurred just days before the Panama Canal administration was to be turned over to Panamanian control, according to the timetable set up by the Torrijos-Carter Treaties. After the invasion, Noriega sought asylum in the Vatican diplomatic mission, but after a few days turned himself in to the American military. Noriega was immediately taken to Florida where he was formally charged and arrested by United States federal authorities. Charges of corruption and cronyism still continue to be levelled against the government by opposition parties and press. Under the Torrijos-Carter Treaty, on December 31, 1999, the United States returned all canal-related lands to Panama. Panama also gained control of canal-related buildings and infrastructure as well as full administration of the canal. == Politics == ''Main article: Politics of Panama'' Panama is a republic with three branches of government: executive and legislative branches elected by direct vote for 5-year terms, and an independently appointed judiciary. The executive branch includes a president and two vice presidents. The legislative branch consists of a 72-member unicameral Legislative Assembly of Panama. The judicial branch is organized under a nine-member Supreme Court and includes all tribunals and municipal courts. An autonomous Electoral Tribunal supervises voter registration, the election process, and the activities of political parties. Everyone over the age of 18 is required to vote, although those who fail to do so are not penalized. General elections were held on May 2, 2004; the presidential contest was won by Mart�n Torrijos, son of the former strongman Omar Torrijos. Torrijos assumed the presidency on September 1, 2004. The former president had been Mireya Moscoso. == Provinces == ''Main article: Provinces of Panama'' Panama is divided into 9 provinces (''provincias'') and 5 indigenous territories (''comarcas ind�genas''), marked by a *: {| align=center |- | *Bocas del Toro Province *Chiriqu� *Cocl� *Colon Province *Dari�n Province | *Ember�* *Herrera Province *Kuna de Madugand�* *Kuna de Wargand�* *Kuna Yala* | *Los Santos *Ng�be-Bugl�* *Panam� Province *Veraguas |} == Geography == ''Main article: Geography of Panama'' Panama is located in Central America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Colombia and Costa Rica. Its location on the eastern end of the isthmus forming a landbridge connecting Central America and South America is strategic. By 1999, Panama controlled the Panama Canal that links the North Atlantic Ocean via the Caribbean Sea with the North Pacific Ocean. == Economy == ''Main article: Economy of Panama'' Because of its key geographic location, Panama's economy is service-based, heavily weighted toward banking, commerce, and tourism. The handover of the canal and military installations by the US has given rise to new construction projects. The Mireya Moscoso administration inherited an economy that is much more structurally sound and liberalized than the one inherited by its predecessor. == Demographics == ''Main article: Demographics of Panama'' The culture, customs, and language of the Panamanians are predominantly Caribbean Spanish. Ethnically, the majority of the population is mestizo or mixed Spanish, Indian, Chinese, and West Indian. Spanish is the official and dominant language; English is a common second language spoken by the West Indians and by many in business and the professions. More than half the population lives in the Panama City–Col�n, Panama metropolitan corridor. The majority of Panamanians are Roman Catholic, accounting for over 80% of the population. Catholicism is also the official religion of Panama. Pentecostalism are now estimated to be around 10% of the population. Other major religions in Panama are Islam (5%), the Bah�'� Faith (1%), Judaism (0.4%), and Hinduism (0.3%). The Jewish community, with over 10,000 members, is by far the biggest community in the region (including Central America, Colombia and the Caribbean). Jewish immigration began in the late 19th Century, and at present there are three synagogues in Panama City, as well as two Jewish schools. Within Latin America, Panama has one of the largest Jewish communities in proportion to its population, surpassed by Uruguay and Argentina. Panama, because of its historical reliance on commerce, is above all a melting pot. This is shown, for instance, by its considerable population of Chinese (mostly Taiwanese) origin, which number around 150,000, or about 5% of the population. The country is also the smallest in Latin America in terms of population, with Uruguay as the second-smallest (by almost 400,000). However, since Panama has a faster birth rate, it is likely that in the coming years its population will surpass Uruguay's. == Culture == ''Main article: Culture of Panama'' *Music of Panama == See also == *Communications in Panama *Transportation in Panama *Military of Panama *Foreign relations of Panama *List of Panamanians *Public holidays in Panama *List of hospitals in Panama *Balboa (currency) == External links == *[http://www.presidencia.gob.pa/ Presidencia de la Rep�blica]-(In Spanish) *[http://www.mire.gob.pa/ Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores]-(In Spanish) *[http://www.mef.gob.pa/ Ministerio de Econom�a y Finanzas]-(In Spanish) *[http://numismondo.com/pm/pan/ Panama Banknotes] - 1941 Issues *[http://www.info-panama.com/panama-gallery/index.php?lang=english Panama Pictures] *[http://www.up.ac.pa/ Universidad de Panam�] *[http://www.fundacionlibertad.org.pa/ Fundaci�n Libertad]- Non-profit organisation promoting classical economic liberalism. Central American countries Panama ks:पानामा lv:Panama ms:Panama zh-min-nan:Panam� nds:Panama

Panama

== Noriega == I essentiall reverted the page to its previous state. However, the anonymous changes were noted and in some form should appear on either * The Panama history page * Operation Just Cause page

, a paid and demonstrable CIA collaborator. On October 3, 1989, several officers of the Panamanian Defense Forces (PDF) under the leadership of Major Moises Giroldi attempted to oust General Noriega and seize power under support of US forces, witch mobilized, and blocked two roads leading towards the PDF headquarters, just as they golpe leaders had requested. But the golpistas also wanted US combat air support and would have required US ground forces to provide active assistance. George H.W. Bush stalled on these requests, and the coup team was being rounded up and liquidated. Since George Bush urged the overthrow of Noriega, he was criticized not to have backed the rebels with US armed forces and a second coup d'etat was staged this time ostensibly because of

User:CSTAR 13:56, 12 May 2004 (UTC) == History == The material deleted on the history section of the Panama article should appear in some form in the History of Panama page. Nevertheless, the article should couched be in less inflamatory language, such as it ''is generally believed'' or '''it has been widely reported that'' ''Noriega recieved support and funding from'' etc. Please understand that I don't have any objection to putting these historical facts in the History of Panama article. Nevertheles use of derogatory terms to describe any group of people, in particular the pejorative Yanqui or Yankee is not acceptable.User:CSTAR 04:18, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC) : PS You should sign your articles. I would prefer to maintain a dialog about what should go in the article. You are right to try to maintain a balance and get some other viewpoint in. But this is a process of approximation and correction. It doesn't work to your advantage by a kind of hit and run. User:CSTAR 05:07, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC) Again I reverted the edits which were very close to or identical with those referred to in the previous remark. If whoever is trying to make these edits is serious about the hsitorical record, they should go to the relevant History article and put in whatever historical facts they can document. User:CSTAR 20:00, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC) == Causes of the invasion == There are two different issues at stake * The reasons given by the U. S. which were reported for instance in the NY Times, included drug trafficking and human rights. These may not be believable, but this isn't what the article says. * The actual motives, which for instance could have been circumventing the treaty as was widely believd in Latin AMerica. Referring to the invasion as ''his invasion'' really ignores the observable fact that a superpower invaded Panama. Making Bush appear worse by dumping all the responsability on him may be gratifying (I don't like him either) but it does not change the historical fact. User:CSTAR 03:20, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC) Your POV about motives is plausible, but it is POV nonetheless. ==Map== The new map looks much better. If people want a different map bring your concerns here, don't start an edit war, User:SqueakBox 17:29, Mar 27, 2005 (UTC) If you want the map in png for mat put in that format the softwear to do this availible on windows macs and linux so there is no reason why you should not be able to do thisUser:Geni 12:41, 28 Mar 2005 (UTC) :Changes from house-style maps should be regarded as a policy issue and should not occur unilaterally on an ad-hoc basis. As a responsible editor you should make sure that there is a consensus to completely change the house style to this blocky amateur looking map. I suggest that the best place to try to achieve this consensus is at Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Countries. You should also ensure that you do so in the correct format. Gifs should not be uploaded to Wikipedia except in exceptional circumstances see Wikipedia:Uploading images. User:Jooler 16:56, 28 Mar 2005 (UTC) ::Can you please refer me to the place in the policy which says that these CIA maps are "house-style"? Why are they not used for developed countries? Is it just the Third World who have to use these ugly maps? Also, why is less information better than more information? Thanks. User:Guettarda 17:12, 28 Mar 2005 (UTC) ::That's the woundful thing about wikipedia if you don't like the image format you can chage it. simply download the image on onto your computer and make the chages then reupload it. I don't think the maps look amiture or blocky (and I suspect I have spent A lot more time looking at them than you have)User:Geni 19:40, 28 Mar 2005 (UTC) :::The style of of map used by Wikipedia articles and whether the CIA maps are official or de facto house style and should be replaced can be discussed at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Maps User:Jooler 17:17, 28 Mar 2005 (UTC) ::::argument by assertion logical fallacy. wikiprojects are not in a position to set policyUser:Geni 19:33, 28 Mar 2005 (UTC) :::::AS I've noted on your talk page, this is a change which potentially effects every country article on Wikipedia. I think it is unwise to make unilateral changes to the style of map in this way. We don't want to get into a situatuation where each country is using a completely different style of map. Establishing policy on issues like style are precisely what WikiProjects are for. User:Jooler 21:49, 28 Mar 2005 (UTC) ::::::No it won't affect every country, Jooler. I have absolutely no intention of replacing the excellent maps at Nicaragua or Geography of Costa Rica (are they house style?). They are far more comprehensive than anything that I could create using an OMC map. Nor do I think it likely that I shall create 190+ country maps. It's fun to make the maps, but it does take quite a bit of time. User:Kelisi 04:04, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC) ::::::It effects 20 at most (I think User:Kelisi only made maps for 20) see below for your next argument being blown out of the water. The styles of the maps are pretty simular to the cia maps anyway (I nicked the pallet from them).Wikipedia:WikiProject does not mention establishing policy as the perpose of wikiprojectsUser:Geni 23:37, 28 Mar 2005 (UTC) :::::::And in most cases, I nicked the towns from the CIA maps, and then added more. User:Kelisi 04:04, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC) From Wikipedia:WikiProject Maps: ''A few Wikipedians have gotten together to make some suggestions about how we might standardize the process of creating geographical maps. These are only suggestions, things to give you focus and to get you going, and you shouldn't feel obligated in the least to follow them. But if you are thinking of creating map graphics and aren't sure about the most appropriate style, color, or labelling to use, you may find these suggestions to be helpful. '' Nothing in the talk pages there gets anywhere ''close'' to establishing policy. More importantly, the page discusses what to do what creating maps, colour palettes, etc. Nothing about: USE CIA MAPS ONLY. Sorry, but you are totally off base here. In addition, there are many countries which do not use these maps. Please extend your revert war to United States, Canada, Nicaragua, South Africa the Philippines and India (those that I have found so far - not a systematic search). User:Guettarda 23:04, 28 Mar 2005 (UTC) *I find that the new map looks very unprofessional. This is due to the lack of consistent font, extreme pixilation, and other features which generally make it look like an early 90's video game. While the CIA maps are not perfect, they are also very clean and functional. More data is sometimes not better. User:Burgundavia 08:49, Apr 5, 2005 (UTC) ==Amateur Night in Dixie== All questions of policy aside, Jaysus, are the new maps ugly. Replacing perfectly good maps with Amateur Night in Dixie just because you can is pretty bad. --User:Calton | User talk:Calton 00:12, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC) :What do you find ugly about them?User:Geni 00:13, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC) ::You mean besides the garish colors when reduced, the mixed-bag of fonts for identifying labels, the labels strewn randomly across and squeezed onto the map, and the amateur-looking bit-map outlines of the map itself? Not a thing, really. ::This is clearly a case of "if it ain't broke, don't fix". --User:Calton | User talk:Calton 07:30, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC) :::I can alter the colours. I think the different fonts are quite a nice way of showing that you are laberling different thingsUser:Geni 11:45, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC) Well it looks as if there is definitely not a policy to have a uniform map, and if such a policy were proposed it would probably provoke strong arguments that would go much deeper than just maps. Given there is no policy I think we should deal with each map as a separate issue to be discussed in it's own talk page. I spotted the edit war because I watched Honduras and Guatemala, so I might want a say on those countries but not necessarily those of any other country. Though I am watching what goes on, obviously, after the edit wars. --User:SqueakBox 01:40, Mar 29, 2005 (UTC) let's see ~~both~~ all of the maps and try to decide, and give the new map a chance. I don't like Jooler's reverts any more than I liked Kelisi's. --User:SqueakBox 02:22, Mar 29, 2005 (UTC) :Excuse me. I am preventing tantamount vandalism here and restoring the status-quo. The Kelisi maps are clearly inferior. Carlton has got it spot on. As to policy, do you really think we should a have a host of inferior quality maps replacing all CIA maps? The use of CIA maps is a de facto standard in the absence of specific policy on better quality maps. Unilaterally replacing these maps ad-hoc on dozens of pages goes against the wiki-way. The issue should have been discussed somewhere before Kelisi went about replacing the readable and professional looking CIA maps with his amateur, blocky, flat, four colour maps, with hideous unreadable overlapping fonts and garish colour scheme, which are also using Compuserve's .GIF format and not the Wikipedia standard .png format. That is policy. One other point, you should not address the user to "click to enlarge" that is also policy. I should also point out that the CIA map is the map hosted on the WikiMedia Commons ([http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Maps_of_Panama Panama]). User:Jooler 08:22, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC) ::you think it would take me more than a minute to put the colour modifed Kelisi maps on commons? Colours can be and have been altered as can the image format.btw there were far more thn four "Unilaterally replacing these maps ad-hoc on dozens of pages" is exactly the wikiway or have you forgoten about Wikipedia:Be Bold? btw there were far more than four colours on the maps originalyUser:Geni 11:45, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC) ==Map detail== When a map with more detail than the CIA map is available, I think it should be used, either instead of, or in addition to the CIA map.--User:Patrick 10:53, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC) : If anyone of you kindly add all the extra details (cities, rivers, geological features ...) to the CIA maps in a very professional way, I'll say get rid of these ugly Kelisi maps. Otherwise, you know what I mean. -- User:Toytoy 14:59, Mar 30, 2005 (UTC) ==Color contrast== On :Image:Inferior panama map.gif the contrast is fine; on :Image:Panamamap.gif the green-on-light-blue is not very clear.--User:Patrick 10:58, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC) :I can alter that, I would just change it to black but that would defete the point of having different colours.--User:Geni 11:52, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC) ::Perhaps a darker green.--User:Patrick 12:31, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC) :::done. I have also changed the file to png format.User:Geni 13:23, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC) ::::Thanks. That is much better.--User:Patrick 13:48, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC) Perhaps the black edges of the green-on-white letters should also be used with the green-on-light-blue and the white-on-light-blue. By itself I prefer light blue to dark blue.--User:Patrick 11:23, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC) :trickyUser:Geni 11:52, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC) ==Decorative font== I prefer a clear simple font, rather than a "decorative font" like used for "Caribbean Sea".--User:Patrick 11:32, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC) :I rather like it since it shows that different types of things are being labled.User:Geni 11:53, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC) ==Full versions== I urge everyone to look at the enlarged versions of these maps and not to make judgement on the thumbnails. User:Jooler 11:13, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC) :My comments refer to the full versions.--User:Patrick 11:23, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC) ==More about the maps== I think the third one, ie the non CIA with light blue water is the best of the 3; it makes the CIA map look really lacking in detail. --User:SqueakBox 14:24, Mar 29, 2005 (UTC) :It's missing a "B" from "Bocas del Toro" (or "Ocas del Toro). User:Guettarda 15:31, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC) ::Are you serious? What about the horrible blockiness. They don't look very professional like that. They are pure ugly. User:Jooler I really value the extra detail. Can you not try to do something about the blockiness? I think I also like the idea that we do our own maps (as wikipedia) rather than relying on the CIA maps, as wikipedia just copying other open sourcve material is a pretty pointless exercise I think. They should be a communal construction. Though I don't feel capable of helping myself those who are capable should address the technical issues (blockiness, etc), then we can all judge. I now firmly believe this issue should be discussed page by page. Putting a lot of effort into map construction could certainly make for a much better situation than the majority of countries have right now. --User:SqueakBox 17:05, Mar 29, 2005 (UTC) : I have no objection over the blockiness. I know the map shall look more "professional" if we anti-aliase the lines. But that's not an issue here. As a knowledge seeker, I prefer details. Unless Someone can prove that Kelisi maps are out of date or containing misinformation, I'll use these pure ugly and unprofessional Kelisi maps (even without a color change). : So far as pixel resolution is not sacrificed, I actually prefer blockiness as it makes color change much easier. If your GIF or PNG images have a shared and content-defined color palette (land: green; sea: blue; border: black; text: white ...), you can load all images into Adobe Photoshop (or an equivalent) and batch replace all images' palettes in a few minutes. With anti-aliased images, you have no such luxury. A side benefit of blockiness is that it makes images marginally if not substantially smaller. -- User:Toytoy 14:55, Mar 30, 2005 (UTC) Detail is nice, but those maps are well beyond the pale in terms of being ugly and unprofessional looking. It is not a question of anti-aliasing, it is a question of a map having pixels the size of my head. The problem with being unprofessional is that any truly inquiring mind will regard them as likely to be ''inaccurate'' because they don't look like they were created by someone who knows what they were doing. I would highly prefer the less-informative CIA maps to these very dubious looking MS Paint maps. --User:Fastfission 03:52, 1 Apr 2005 (UTC) ::User:Kelisi has User_talk:Kelisi#Trinidad_and_Tobago_Map new maps - he says he is working on them, and once done will post them on the relevant talk pages. User:Guettarda 16:56, 1 Apr 2005 (UTC) User:Jooler has invited myself and several other admins to take a look at the maps, so here are my comments. Firstly, I have to say that there is nothing particularly sacred about the CIA maps - they were initially used for lack of anything better with an acceptable copyright status. In general, more information is better. Now, to the particularity of Kelisi's and Geni's versions of the maps: I like the indication of latitude and longitude on the borders of these maps - you would have no idea where in the world the CIA maps are depicting! I feel Kelisi's colour scheme is too garish, and there's no need to show all the neighbouring countries in different colour schemes, so Geni's scheme is preferable to me, though white on pale blue is difficult to read. I like the inclusion of rivers and sub-national administrative boundaries, both features which make these maps much more informative than the CIA one. One problem I can see is when placenames are positioned over provincial borders or rivers which can make reading them a little tricky - is it possible to position the text a little more precisely? -- User:Arwel Parry 13:14, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC) : I concur with Arwel on the acceptability of these maps. Thanks for some great work, Kelisi, and I hope you'll not take the comments on the color scheme as discouragement. These maps are in my opinion far better than the CIA ones. --User:Tony Sidaway|User talk:Tony Sidaway 13:44, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC) Kelisi has taken these maps to many different pages, Special:Contributions/ User:Kelisi on the basis that it is the individual talk pages that needs to make the decisions one by one, --User:SqueakBox 15:11, Apr 2, 2005 (UTC) I'd like to jump in with a few comments about the above discussions. I started Wikipedia:WikiProject Maps to help give map creators a set of guidelines. We do have many different (sometimes conflicting) map styles here; I hoped that having a set of recommended colors, line and font styles would ease the burden on the map-maker by eliminating the often difficult and revision-filled task of making legible, professional-looking maps. Having created a few maps myself, I know that map-making is harder than it appears. Maps can convey multiple sets of information - geography, terrain, political boundaries, climate, place names, city size, latitude/longitude coordinates, and any number of positional locators and landmarks. A map designer could spend hours or days on stylistic choices alone, especially considering color perception deficiencies and the limitations of computer display resolution (which is much lower than print resolution). The project was begun with the intention of simplifying those choices, ''but nothing more than that''. I should emphasize that aside from Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Maps, the project has not matured into anything resembling a "house style." Everything about that project is still tentative and preliminary; we never even really agreed on the color palette, let alone any guidelines on line/font styles, iconography, minimum resolution, etc. There is no house style for maps on Wikipedia. As far as I know, there are ''no maps at all'' in Wikipedia that precisely follow the currently-listed color and style suggestions. Even if the project does eventually mature into a more solid set of style recommendations, a WikiProject has no authority to enforce rules about what kind of map you can create for Wikipedia (hence the opening statement quoted by User:Guettarda above). I think User:Kelisi would have benefitted from having a proven color palette to use in his maps. I also think that most of the CIA maps are too simplistic to be very useful. The :Image:Pm-map.png is a fine example of a map that ''looks'' nice, but communicates little. Kelisi's :Image:Inferior panama map.gif communicates a lot more, but is hard on the eyes. User:Geni's :Image:Panamamap.png is much better; it would be better still with some anti-aliasing, but it's a great example of what we can achieve through collaboration. I applaud the efforts of everyone who contributes maps, even if I find their graphic design choices less than ideal. If the maps WikiProject was more mature, we could more effectively collaborate on a comprehensive ''free'' map collection, with consistent, professional-looking maps. I'd encourage anyone who has comments on these maps, or map-making in general, to join (and possibly revive) the discussion at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Maps. -- User:Wapcaplet 05:38, 14 May 2005 (UTC) == Latest external links == The most recent edit by an anonymous user added several external links, one of which is to a private consulting firm. Though the linked website could potentially provide useful economic and political information about Panama, access to most of that site requires a member subscription. This reduces the utility of that link and makes it little more than an advertisement for that consulting group. I believe this is against WP policy.--User:CSTAR 14:48, 6 May 2005 (UTC) +~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+ Very Light on essential events in South America.... In fact some would say there is still much contention caused by the original treaty. America's heavy handed use of terror, assassination, causation of civil strife, and wreaking mayhem in the financial affairs resulting in monstrous debt burdens, unemployment, poverty, and horrendous social upheaval in South American nations over the course of many decades is known to all the world except the American populace who suffer a controlled media. In fact the Hay-Bunau Varilla Treaty was signed by U.S. Secretary of State Hay and Philippe Bunau-Varilla, a French engineer, who had been a part of the original French canal team. The treaty was NOT signed by a single Panamanian! It was prefaced by President Roosevelt sending in the U.S. warship Nashville, landing American soldiers who seized and killed, and declared Panama an indepent nation after Columbia refused to concede to America's demand she sign a treaty signing over the isthmus to a North American consortium. The following paragraph shrieks loudly by what it does NOT say. To call Torrijos's death an "accident" is to address with ignorance and arrogance events in particular: in Panama, and in general: all over the world, in which America has been directly or indirectly involved in death and destruction. That we wonder how the world could hate us is more than offset by the rest of the world's population wondering how we can continue to be so blind and indifferent to the shameful and deplorable workings of our own government and corporations in dealings both foreign and domestic. We see in the following paragraph the mention of the invasion of Panama by the United States. Certainly not an event which bestows any bragging rights on us. Then we notice the President at the time, George Bush, and we more clearly understand the abominable machinations of this our day in the whirlwind of our own King George, and his invasion theories. Now we're slaughtering Iraqi citizens by the hundreds who drive thru our roadblocks in Iraq. Also the invasion occurred before the Panamanians could consumate a deal with Japan to build another canal, which would have given Japan all the construction rights, or more to the point, would have deprived many U.S. corporations of the business. Nothing is mentioned of the "School of The Americas" located in the Canal Zone, nor of the U.S. Southern Command's tropical warfare training center, where students learned techniques in interrogation and covert operational skills, military tactics, and so forth. Today in accusing the rest of the world, we call it "terrorism training". (David McCullough, The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal 1870-1914; William Friar, Portrait of the Panama Canal: From Construction to the Twenty-First Century; Graham Greene, Conversations With The General; Peter Eisner, The Memoirs of Manuel Noriega, America's Prisoner; John Perkins, Confessions of an Economic Hit Man; &c). In fact some would say there is still much contention caused by the original treaty. America's heavy handed use of terror, assassination, causation of civil strife, and wreaking mayhem in the financial affairs resulting in monstrous debt burdens, unemployment, poverty, and horrendous social upheaval in South American nations over the course of many decades is known to all the world except the American populace who suffer a controlled media. In fact the Hay-Bunau Varilla Treaty was signed by U.S. Secretary of State Hay and Philippe Bunau-Varilla, a French engineer, who had been a part of the original French canal team. The treaty was NOT signed by a single Panamanian! It was prefaced by President Roosevelt sending in the U.S. warship Nashville, landing American soldiers who seized and killed, and declared Panama an indepent nation after Columbia refused to concede to America's demand she sign a treaty signing over the isthmus to a North American consortium. The following paragraph shrieks loudly by what it does NOT say. To call Torrijos's death an "accident" is to address with ignorance and arrogance events in particular: in Panama, and in general: all over the world, in which America has been directly or indirectly involved in death and destruction. That we wonder how the world could hate us is more than offset by the rest of the world's population wondering how we can continue to be so blind and indifferent to the shameful and deplorable workings of our own government and corporations in dealings both foreign and domestic. We see in one paragraph the mention of the invasion of Panama by the United States. Certainly not an event which bestows any bragging rights on us. Then we notice the President at the time, George Bush, and we more clearly understand the abominable machinations of this our day in the whirlwind of our own King George, and his invasion theories. Now we're slaughtering Iraqi private citizens who drive thru our roadblocks in Iraq. Also the invasion occurred before the Panamanians could consumate a deal with Japan to build another canal, which would have given Japan all the construction rights, or more to the point, would have deprived many U.S. corporations of the business. Nothing is mentioned of the "School of The Americas" located in the Canal Zone, nor of the U.S. Southern Command's tropical warfare training center, where students learned techniques in interrogation and covert operational skills, military tactics, and so forth. Today in accusing the rest of the world of the same thing, we call it "terrorism training". Some references: (David McCullough, The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal 1870-1914; William Friar, Portrait of the Panama Canal: From Construction to the Twenty-First Century; Graham Greene, Conversations With The General; Peter Eisner, The Memoirs of Manuel Noriega, America's Prisoner; John Perkins, Confessions of an Economic Hit Man; &c). thanks for dialoguing! kenn 1RmSchlHse waysiderest@greenapple.com 23 maY2.005 AD

Panama

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Words begining with Panama:

PANAMA
Panama
Panama
Panama
Panama
Panama
Panam�
Panama's_Canal_Zone
Panama,_IA
Panama,_IL
Panama,_Illinois
Panama,_Iowa
Panama,_NE
Panama,_Nebraska
Panama,_New_York
Panama,_OK
Panama,_Oklahoma
Panama,_Panama
Panama-California_Exposition
Panama-California_Exposition_(1915)
Panama-California_International_Exposition
Panama-Pacific_Exposition
Panama-Pacific_International_Exposition
Panama-Pacific_International_Exposition_(1915)
Panama/Communications
Panama/Economy
Panama/Geography
Panama/Government
Panama/History
Panama/Military
Panama/People
Panama/Transnational_issues
Panama/Transportation
Panamanian
Panamanians
Panamanian_boxers
Panamanian_culture
Panamanian_election,_1999
Panamanian_election,_2004
Panamanian_election,_2004
Panamanian_election_results
Panamanian_football
Panamanian_footballers
Panamanian_football_clubs
Panamanian_jazz_musicians
Panamanian_military_commanders
Panamanian_music
Panamanian_music
Panamanian_Musicians
Panamanian_musicians
Panamanian_people
Panamanian_People's_Party
Panamanian_politicians
Panamanian_presidential_election,_1999
Panamanian_presidential_election,_2004
Panamanian_Spanish
Panamanian_Spanish
Panamanian_sport
Panamanian_sportspeople
Panamanian_styles_of_music
Panamaoils
Panamax
Panamax
Panama_Airline_Bombing
Panama_Al_Brown
Panama_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics
Panama_balboa
Panama_California_Exposition
Panama_California_International_Exposition
Panama_Canal
Panama_Canal
Panama_canal
Panama_Canal_Railway
Panama_Canal_Railway_Company
Panama_Canal_Treaties
Panama_Canal_Treaty
Panama_Canal_Zone
Panama_Canal_Zone
Panama_City
Panama_City
Panama_City,_FL
Panama_City,_Florida
Panama_City,_Panama
Panama_City-Bay_County_International_Airport
Panama_City_Beach
Panama_City_Beach,_FL
Panama_City_Beach,_Florida
Panama_City_Beach,_Florida
Panama_disease
Panama_hat
Panama_Hattie
Panama_Lewis
Panama_national_football_team
Panama_Pacific_Exhibition
Panama_Pacific_Exposition
Panama_Province
Panam�_Province
Panama_Railroad
Panama_Railway
Panama_Refining_Co._v._Ryan
Panama_Refining_v._Ryan
Panama_scandal
Panama_scandals