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OkayOkay is a term of approval or assent, often written as ''OK'', ''O.K.'', or ''ok''. When used to describe the quality of a thing, it denotes acceptability. However, its usage can also be strongly approving; as with most slang, its usage is determined by context. The word "okay" is currently posited as the single most used word on earth, owing to its common employment in a vast number of cultures and languages. ==Origins== There is some dispute over the origins of this word. ==Theory== ===Choctaw language=== There is a Choctaw word "okeh" with the same meaning and pronunciation as American usage; Woodrow Wilson, among others, used this spelling to emphasize the Native American origins of the word. The Choctaw language was well known as a lingua franca of the frontiersmen of the early 19th Century, including eventual American Presidents Andrew Jackson and William Henry Harrison. It is said that Andrew Jackson, when asked about his usage of the two letter acronym on bills, responded that OK stood for "oll korrect," a phonetic misspelling of "all correct." ===Allen Walker Read=== Allen Walker Read wrote six articles in the journal ''American Speech'' in 1963 and 1964 on the origins of the word. He dismissed the Choctaw origins as mythic folklore, emphasizing the possibility that "OK" arose as a cute abbreviation. He believed the word to be short for any of several different spellings of "all correct", including "Oll Korrect", "Orl Korrect", and "Ole Kurreck". There was a fad in the 1830s and 1840s involving the intentional misspelling of common phrases, and referring to them by the resulting initials. These may have been infuenced by the Plattdeutsch/Low Saxon phrase "Oll klor", which would have been spoken by emigrants from Northern Germany. The fad included many other briefly popular abbreviations such as OW, "oll wright" (all right) and KY, "know yuse" (no use), none of which have survived. The first recorded use of "OK" in this sense was in the ''Boston Post'' on March 23, 1839, in the sentence "He...would have the 'contribution box', et ceteras, o.k.--all correct--and cause the corks to fly, like sparks, upward." Read discounts evidence of earlier popular origins of the word; for instance, a Boston businessman used it in a daily journal in 1815. ===African origins=== Another etymological claim made for the origin of "okay" is the influx of native Africans, along with their language, into the United States in the years of slavery in the latter country. It is claimed that the phonetic "waw-kay" is a phrase (or word) in either the Bantu language or Wolof dialects (or both), "kay" being a word meaning "yes," and "waw" an emphatic; "waw-kay" is an emphatic "yes." To lend credence and weight to this claim are additional co-options of native Bantu and Wolof words, such as: "jev" for "Jive"; and "Banana," among others. It is claimed that the now morphed English phonetic "okay" was backronymed so as to be attributed to other languages (such as German or English), and may have been used as a political tool to gentrify the attitudes of the poor and uneducated by making them think they knew a "fancy" upscale acronym that politicians use. [http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?EtymologyOfOkay] === Popularity === In the presidential election of 1840, the term "OK" was further popularized by use as an slogan by the O.K. Club, New York boosters of Democratic president Martin Van Buren's 1840 re-election bid; it was an allusion to his nickname Old Kinderhook, from his birthplace Kinderhook, New York. Van Buren lost, but the word stuck. [http://www.etymonline.com/o1etym.htm] Whatever its origin, it spread around the world, the "okay" spelling of it first appearing in British writing in the 1860s. Spelled out in full in the 20th century, 'okay' has come to be in everyday use among English language speakers, and borrowed by non-English speakers. Occasionally it is extended to okey dokey. ===Initials=== Since the term bears resemblance to a person's initials, many proposals have been made as to who "O.K." was, and why their name would become synonymous with acceptability. One story says it comes from a railroad freight agent, Obadiah Kelly, who initialed bills of lading, or an Indian chief Old Keokuk who wrote his initials on treaties. Another story is that it comes from boxes of Orrins-Kendall crackers which were popular with Union troops during the US Civil War. Some say the term comes from a German businessman Otto Kaiser who put his initials on goods he had inspected. A related version ascribes it to a worker named Otto Kruger or Oskar Krause at a Ford Motor Company plant in Michigan, who would inspect each car coming off the assembly line and chalk his initials on the front windshield if it was "OK". === Other uses and possible explanations === The term OK has also been used in an English will and testament from 1565. It is possible that this usage originates from "oak" the tree from which British Navy ships were constructed at the time of the Great Britain colonization of North America and the subsequent War of Independence. The actor David Garrick (1717-1779) wrote the Royal Navy's song "Heart of Oak", a patriotic song celebrating naval victories of the Seven Years War (1756-1763). In Britain oak wood is a symbol of solid dependable construction. Thus it is possible to see how establishing the reliability of the vessel might involve asking if it was "oak-a?" In 2000 the First Sea Lord, Admiral Sir Michael Boyce said, in the Royal Navy's ''"Navy News"'': "It is no exaggeration to say that the reputation of the Royal Navy is founded on British oak." The term OK was also used by typesetters and people working in the publishing business. A manuscript that didn't need any changes or corrections would be marked "O.K." for ''Ohne Korrektur'' (German for "No changes"). In ancient Greece teachers would mark especially good school papers with "OK" for ''Ola Kala'' (Ολα Καλά, ΟΚ), meaning that everything is good; as a variant on that story, the Greek phrase would be used by sailors as a quick way of responding to the captain's inquiry about the condition of the ship. Another story is that it comes from the British English word ''hoacky'' (the last load of the harvest). Or the Finnish word ''Oikein'' (that's right). Or the Scottish expression ''och aye''. Or the French language ''aux Cayes'' or ''au quai''. Or a word used in many west African languages meaning ''all right, yes indeed'' and introduced in the US via slaves. There is an area in France called Languedoc which translates as the place where they "say OK" - or as it was "oc" meaning yes - which happens to match the Scottish (northern Gaelic?) 'och'. A surely apocryphal account is that the term was used in U.S. military records to state that there were zero casualties or zero killed, hence 0.K., at a particular battle site. == Spelling style == Whether this word is printed as OK, okay, or O.K. is a matter normally resolved in the style manual for the publication involved. Common style guides: Chicago Manual of Style, The New York Times Manual of Style and Usage, etc., provide no consensus nor do dictionaries. == Usage == From Oxford dictionary, okay (also OK) / adj, adv (informal) all right; satisfactory or satisfactorily Eg. I hope the children are okay. I think I did OK in the exam. He is OK happy. == See also == * OK Soda ==Reference== * ''Webster's Dictionary of English Usage'', Merriam-Webster, 1989. == External links == * http://www.prairienet.org/prairienations/ok.htm * [http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?EtymologyOfOkay Afro-centric "Etymology of Okay."] * [http://www.straightdope.com/classics/a2_250.html A Straight Dope column on the origin] Slang simple:OK OkayThis phrase has a facsinating etymology,history, legal history and ties to American History. This Canadian who would love to see an American write this non-controversial article. User:Two16 : "Non-controversial"? No, no. ''Everything'' in the Wikipedia is controversial! ;) I don't think the "Oll Korrect" initialism theory is universally accepted. I've heard one theory that the word "okay" came from an African language, and was introduced into America by slaves. I have no idea if this is based on hard evidence, but since I did read it somewhere, I thought I'd bring it up. Now, if I could only remember which book I read it in... -- User:Oliver Pereira 10:18 27 May 2003 (UTC) ::I've heard the same theory, but also lack an attributable source. Someone with a good etymological dictionary like the OED (I don't have one) ought to see what they have to say. User:Jmabel 11:40, 24 Dec 2003 (UTC) :::I've added the African origin claim, along with a source link to a Wiki entry almost completely dedicated to that discussion. -- User:Prell 23:14, 11 Mar 2004 (UTC) Why does "OK" redirect to "Okay," when the article seems to prefer "OK" in usage? Shouldn't it be the other way around? User:Xanzzibar "The US president Jackson also wrote it in 1760 and a Boston businessman used it in a daily journal in 1815." Some citation or explanation, please, this doesn't seem to jive with the espoused etymology. User:Kevin Saff 22:40, 4 Feb 2004 (UTC) Also the m-w link looks broken. User:Kevin Saff 22:46, 4 Feb 2004 (UTC) This article is far too definitive in accepting the theory that OK is derived from the initials of some other phrase. The article implies that Read was the last word on the subject; it relegates other views to the category of "competing theories"; it says "supposedly" about the existence of the Choctaw word, which as far as I know is undisputed, regardless of whether the Choctaw "okeh" was the source of our current expression. Jackson didn't use the expression in 1760, he not having been born yet, but the Boston businessman's use in 1815 is documented. One scholar writes: "The traveler's name was Richardson, and the 'Richardson OK' occurs in the entry for February 21, 1815. That entry includes this sentence 'Arrived at Princeton, a handsome little village, 15 miles from N Brunswick, ok & at Trenton, where we dined at 1 P.M.'" ([http://www.prairienet.org/prairienations/ok.htm Fay paper] - a lengthy rebuttal of Read, arguing in favor of the Choctaw origin). Kevin Saff is correct that this evidence doesn't jibe with the espoused etymology. If Read's view nevertheless still has adherents, perhaps the article should be recast (including new headlines) to present the various theories on an equal footing, without endorsing any one of them. I'm not familiar enough with Wikipedia to know whether the NPOV ideal applies to subjects like this one. User:JamesMLane 14:54, 8 Mar 2004 (UTC) :Thanks, James, your explanation seems more likely to me. Could you flesh out the Choctaw origins a bit more in the article? I don't know how many people support Read's view over the Choctaw etymology. -User:Kevin Saff 22:32, 11 Mar 2004 (UTC) I have noticed that this word is in common usage outside of the U.S. Is that from widespread American influence or because the word has a common influence from somewhere else(e.g. African Slaves)?--User:Pete Welch 04:22, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC) == Too much Simpsons == There are too many Simpsons references throughout Wikipedia. Does this article really need to mention Ned Flanders? User:TacoDeposit 02:17, Jul 7, 2004 (UTC) :This is only one reference, and it's reasonably related to the subject of the article. I don't think any de-Simpsonizing is needed here. User:JamesMLane 03:36, 7 Jul 2004 (UTC) == More on the History of OK == H.L. Mencken, ''The American Language'', abridged edition, ed. Raven I. McDavid Jr. with David W. Maurer (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1977), pp. 169-175, contains a brief history of the origin of this Americanism (agreeing with this article that it originated in Boston), with a list of 10 alternative etymologies. (One etymologist traced it to the French "O qu-oui"; those darned Frenchmen have a word for ''everything''!) It also lists A. W. Reed's publications on ths word. A source worth mining for this article if for no other reason than to mention Martin van Buren's O.K. Club. -- User:Llywrch 05:15, 23 Mar 2005 (UTC) == Current usage around the world? == The etymology has been done to death, here and other places. I'd love to see more information in this article about current usage of OK around the world in other languages. I understand that it is quite common (though it seems to rarely take on all the meanings that it has in English), but I haven't been able to find much information about it in a brief search. Perhaps people from non-English speaking countries could relate their first-hand experience? I think it is fascinating that a single word invented so recently could fill a gap missing in so many world languages. --Anon (haven't yet got around to registering) 06:30, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC) :''Hi, I'm from the Netherlands (it's inbetween England and Germany) and I can tell you that pretty much every European uses the 'word' OK.'' ==Correct spelling== I deleted the bit about the "correct" spelling, as it's a dubious claim at best to my eyes. Dictionaries recognize both equally, and "okay" is usually listed as an ''alternate'' spelling to OK. --User:Xanzzibar 02:21, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC) :I agree, although it's probably more a matter for a style manual. Of three style manuals I looked at, one said "OK, never O.K. or okay", one said "O.K., not OK or okay" and the third preferred "okay." User:Shoaler 11:43, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC) But what is ''Ok corral''? -- User:Kizor 00:58, 25 May 2005 (UTC) :Are you referring to The Gunfight at the O.K. Corral? --User:Xanzzibar 03:43, 25 May 2005 (UTC) ::Apparently. --User:Kizor 06:08, 25 May 2005 (UTC) == "Okely dokely" == Provide proof that this is in wide usage. It's fine to mention it in the Ned Flanders article if you really must, but it is of no broader relevance. User:Grace Note 01:39, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC) OkayHi, I'm really called Alex and I work in service delivery for a large computer services company in Bracknell (United Kingdom). I drive a Peugeot 206 and enjoy writing and improving articles in Wikipedia as it helps me consolidate my thoughts and gain a better understanding of the wonderful world around us. -[http://www.alexkemp.co.uk/ http://www.alexkemp.co.uk/] See other meanings of words starting from letter: OOA | OB | OC | OD | OE | OF | OG | OH | OI | OJ | OK | OL | OM | ON | OP | OR | OS | OT | OU | OW | OX | OY | OZ |Words begining with Okay: Okay Okay Okay Okay,_OK Okay,_Oklahoma Okaya Okaya,_Nagano Okayama Okayama Okayama,_Japan Okayama,_Japan Okayama,_Okayama Okayama-ken Okayama_Airport Okayama_Broadcasting Okayama_Prefecture Okayama_Prefecture Okayama_prefecture Okayplayer Okayplayer Okaysports Okaysports Okayu Okay_Airways Okay_Hosein Okay_Hosein Okay_Pants |
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