
#REDIRECT Norse_saga
#REDIRECT Talk:Norse_saga
The Norse sagas or Viking sagas (Icelandic language: ''sögur''), are stories about ancient Scandinavian and Germanic tribes history, about early Viking voyages, about migration to Iceland, and of feuds between Icelandic families. One of them, the Gutasaga, was written on Gotland and deals with the early history of the Gotlanders. They were written in the Old Norse language. The texts are epic tales in prose, often with stanzas or whole poems in alliterative verse embedded in the text, of heroic deeds of days long gone, ''tales of worthy men,'' who were often Vikings, sometimes Paganism, sometimes Christian. The tales are usually realistic (except, of course, legendary sagas, sagas of saints, sagas of bishops and translated or recomposed romances), sometimes romanticised and fantastic, but always dealing with human beings we can understand. ==Background== The (English) ''saga'' , (German) ''Sage'' originates from (Icelandic) ''saga, plural sögur'' and refers to (1) "what is said, statement" or (2) "story, tale, history". Icelandic sagas are based on oral traditions and much research has focused on what is real and what is fiction within each tale. The accuracy of the sagas is often hotly disputed, being both overestimated and underestimated by various scholars. Most of the manuscripts in which the sagas were originally preserved were taken to Denmark and Sweden in the 17th century, but later returned to Iceland. There are plenty of tales of kings (e.g. Heimskringla), every-day people (e.g. Bandamanna saga) and larger than life characters (e. g. Egils saga). The sagas describe a part of the history of some of the Nordic countries (e.g. the last chapter of Hervarar saga). England and North America are also mentioned. It was only recently (start of 20th century) that the tales of the voyages to America were authenticated. Most sagas of Icelanders take place in the period 930–1030, which is actually called ''söguöld'' (Age of the Sagas) in Icelandic history. The sagas of kings, bishops, contemporary sagas and so on, of course have their own time frame. Most were written down between 1190 to 1320, sometimes existing as oral traditions long before, others are pure fiction, and for some we do know the sources: The author of King Sverrir's saga had met the king and used him as a source. ==On the plots and writing style== Some Norse Sagas live between Christianity and Paganism ( ''Njál's saga'' is an example; see also Norse mythology.) Aside from Christian influence, the world of the sagas is ''strongly'' pagan, and fate plays a central role, a key line in ''Njal's Saga'' (chapter 6, as translated by Magnus Magnusson; references below) is :''... each must do as destiny decides.'' The civilization of Norse sagas is complex, many-layered, with often-contradictory agents sometimes acting as forces for good, sometime evil, and always grippingly human. The writing style tends towards the impersonal, terse, with no explanation of ''why's''. Things happen; no one questions fate. Characters are often but briefly introduced, ''There was a man named ...,'' followed by brief biographies, genealogy, and all-important relations to other figures in the saga. Personalities are shown through ''action,'' seldom through analysis any deeper than offhand lines like ''He was an utter scoundrel,'' or, ''He was a powerful chieftain.'' Often a prominent agent figures in other sagas, and one may draw information from them, which saga writers simply assumed. Relationships between individuals are complex, by friendship, blood, marriage, and immediate geography. One must often and at disadvantage overcome fantastic enemies. Life is short, uncertain, and men's worth is determined by glory in weapon. Critical concepts to the Norse saga technique are ''honour'', ''luck'' (or ''destiny''), and ''fate'', the ''supernatural'', and ''moral character''. Behavior is often not explained, as within the world of the saga it is what ''must'' be done, and early listeners of sagas had no need of questions. Any slight to one's ''honour'' (or that of one's family) had to be avenged, by blood or money. Men could easily be goaded to fatal violence over a (real or imagined) slight to their honour. The concept of ''luck'' is simple, certainly in one such as ''Njal's Saga'': one is born with a certain store of good luck. When your good luck runs out, you're doomed. The ''supernatural'' often plays a major role as well. Oneiric (i.e., relating to prophetic dreams) factors may also play a role. Do agents have the ''character'' to surmount their difficulties, or do they succumb to vices such as evil, cowardice and pride? As a final stylistic point, Magnus Magnusson beautifully notes in his introduction to ''Njal's Saga,'' :''In the midst of such economy, one spendthrift sentence can speak volumes: 'two ravens flew with them all the way' (Chapter 79) as Skarp-Hedin and Hogni set out at night to avenge Gunnar ...'' ==The ''saga'' as a literary technique== The saga is not strictly a Norse literary technique. Similar styles around the world were either independently developed or were derived from the style of the Norse sagas. For example: * The epic Western genre of the Western, a romanticised history of United States west. Some Westerns have plots drawn directly from Norse sagas. An epic Western such as ''Once Upon a Time in the West'' may be regarded a revenge saga. * ''The Song of Roland'' as a French saga, as all their Chansons de geste. * ''Beowulf'' and ''Sir Gawain and the Green Knight'' as English sagas * Homer's ''Odyssey'' as a Greece saga * Japan's tales of the samurai * The science fiction sub-genre Space Opera * J. R. R. Tolkien's ''The Lord of the Rings'' and many of the derivative works in modern fantasy Even some religion writings such as the Bible and the Bhagavad Gita have saga overtones. ==Modern parallels== Tolkien's name ''Gandalf'' is found in the ''Edda''; indeed, Gandalf is reminiscent of Odin, the principal Norse god, though in the ''Edda'' the name belongs to a dwarf, Gandálfr. Tolkien's name ''Middle-earth'' comes from an Old and Middle English term for the known world for which cognates exist in Old Norse and other Germanic languages. Wagner's '' Der Ring des Nibelungen'' drew inspiration from sources including the Norse Saga, ''Edda'', ''Volsunga saga'' and the German epic ''The Nibelungenlied''. ==Classification of sagas== Norse Sagas are generally classified as: *'''Kings' sagas'''; telling the lives of Scandinavian monarchs. They were composed in the 12th to 14th centuries. **''Fagrskinna'', unknown writer. **''Heimskringla'' ("Orb of the World") written by Snorri Sturluson. It starts with the arrival of the Æsir in Scandinavia and ends with the battle at Re 1177. **''Morkinskinna'', unknown writer. *Icelandic sagas (''Íslendingasögur''); these are heroic prose narratives written in the 12th to 14th centuries of the great families of Iceland from 930 to 1030. These are the highest form of the classical Icelandic saga writing. **''Bandamanna saga'' **''Bárðar saga Snæfellsáss'' **''Bjarnar saga Hítdœlakappa'' **''Njál's saga''; considered by some the greatest of Icelandic prose sagas; many translations are available and it is available on the Internet. **''Droplaugarsona saga'' **''Egils saga'' **''Eiríks saga rauða'' **''Eyrbyggja saga'' **''Finnboga saga ramma'' **''Fljótsdæla saga'' **''Flóamanna saga'' **''Fóstbrœðra saga'' (two versions) **''Gísla saga'', (two versions) of an outlaw poet. **''Grettis saga'' **''Grœnlendinga saga'' **''Gull-Þóris saga'' **''Gunnars saga Keldugnúpsfífls'' **''Gunnlaugs saga ormstungu'' **''Hallfreðar saga'' **''Harðar saga ok Hólmverja'' **''Hávarðar saga Ísfirðings'' **''Heiðarvíga saga'' **''Hrafnkels saga'' **''Hœnsa-Þóris saga'' **''Kjalnesinga saga'' **''Kormáks saga'' **''Króka-Refs saga'' **''Laxdæla saga'' **''Ljósvetninga saga'' (three versions) **''Reykdœla saga ok Víga-Skútu'' **''Svarfdœla saga'' **''Valla-Ljóts saga'' **''Vatnsdœla saga'' **''Víga-Glúms saga'' **''Víglundar saga'' **''Vápnfirðinga saga'' **''Þorsteins saga hvíta'' **''Þorsteins saga Síðu-Hallssonar'' **''Þórðar saga hreðu'' **''Ǫlkofra saga'' *Short stories (''Íslendinga þættir''); the material is similar to ''Íslendinga sögur'', just shorter. **''Arnórs þáttr jarlaskálds'' **''Auðunar þáttr vestfirzka'' **''Bergbúa þáttr'' **''Bolla þáttr Bollasonar'' **''Brandkrossa þáttr'' **''Brands þáttr orva'' **''Draumr Þorsteins Síðu-Hallssonar'' **''Egils þáttr Síðu-Hallssonar'' **''Einars þáttr Skúlasonar'' **''Geirmundar þáttr'' **''Gísls þáttr Illugasonar'' **''Grœnlendinga þáttr'' **''Gull-Ásu-Þórðar þáttr'' **''Gunnars þáttr Þiðrandabana'' **''Halldórs þáttr Snorrasonar inn fyrri'' **''Halldórs þáttr Snorrasonar inn síðari'' **''Helga þáttr Þórissonar'' **''Hrafns þáttr Guðrúnarsonar'' **''Hreiðars þáttr'' **''Hrómundar þáttr halta'' **''Íslendings þáttr sogufróða'' **''Ívars þáttr Ingimundarsonar'' **''Jokuls þáttr Búasonar'' **''Kumlbúa þáttr'' **''Mána þáttr skálds'' **''Odds þáttr Ófeigssonar'' **''Orms þáttr Stórólfssonar'' **''Óttars þáttr svarta'' **''Sneglu-Halla þáttr'' **''Stornu-Odda draumr'' **''Stúfs þáttr inn meiri'' **''Stúfs þáttr inn skemmri'' **''Svaða þáttr ok Arnórs kerlingarnefs'' **''Þiðranda þáttr ok Þórhalls'' **''Þorgríms þáttr Hallasonar'' **''Þorleifs þáttr jarlaskálds'' **''Þormóðar þáttr'' **''Þorsteins þáttr Austfirðings'' **''Þorsteins þáttr forvitna'' **''Þorsteins þáttr Síðu-Hallssonar'' **''Þorsteins þáttr skelks'' **''Þorsteins þáttr stangarhoggs'' **''Þorsteins þáttr sogufróða'' **''Þorsteins þáttr tjaldstœðings'' **''Þorsteins þáttr uxafóts'' **''Þorvalds þáttr tasalda'' **''Þorvalds þáttr víðforla'' **''Þorvarðar þáttr krákunefs'' **''Þórarins þáttr Nefjólfssonar'' **''Þórarins þáttr ofsa'' **''Þórarins þáttr stuttfeldar'' **''Þórhalls þáttr knapps'' **''Ævi Snorra goða'' **''Ǫgmundar þáttr dytts'' *Legendary sagas, blending remote history with myth or legend. The aim is on a lively narrative and entertainment. Scandinavia's pagan past was a proud and heroic history for the Icelanders. **''Áns saga bogsveigis'' **''Ásmundar saga kappabana'' **''Bósa saga'' **''Egils saga einhenda ok Ásmundar berserkjabana'' **''Friðþjófs saga ins frœkna'' **''Gautreks saga'' **''Gríms saga loðinkinna'' **''Gongu-Hrólfs saga'' **''Hálfdanar saga Bronufóstra'' **''Hálfdanar saga Eysteinssonar'' **''Hálfs saga ok Hálfsrekka'' **''Hemings þáttr Áslákssonar'' (two versions) **''Hervarar saga'' which relates of Gothic wars and the line of Swedish kings. **''Hjálmþés saga ok Ǫlvis'' **''Hrólfs saga Gautrekssonar'' **''Hrólf Kraki''; which is related to the Old English poem Beowulf. **''Illuga saga Gríðarfóstra'' **''Ketils saga hœngs'' **''Norna-Gests þáttr'' **''Ragnar Lodbrok'' (two versions) **''Ragnarssona þáttr'' **''Sturlaugs saga starfsama'' **''Sögubrot'' **''Sorla þáttr'' **''Volsa þáttr'' **''Volsunga saga'' **''Þorsteins saga Víkingssonar'' **''Ǫrvar-Odds saga'' (two versions) ==Others== **''Styrbjarnar þáttr Svíakappa'' **''Hróa þáttr heimska'' **''Eymundar þáttr hrings'' **''Eindriða þáttr ok Erlings'' ==See also== *Gylfaginning *Hattatal *Origins for Beowulf and Hrólf Kraki *Ragnarök *Viking Age *Orkneyinga saga (''Icelandic'') *Thidreks saga (''Norwegian'') *Volsunga saga (''Icelandic'') *Ynglinga saga (''Icelandic'') *Nart saga (''Caucasian'') ==External links and references== *[http://www.northvegr.org/lore/main.php Free saga e-texts and related materials] *[http://www.cyberclip.com/Katrine/NorwayInfo/words/saga.html A Norse saga page] *[http://home.prcn.org/~saeunn/norse.htm Viking sagas online] *[http://www.ugcs.caltech.edu/~cherryne/mythology.html A Norse mythology page] *[http://server.fhp.uoregon.edu/norse/ Norse saga resources from the University of Oregon] *(Unknown author, translated by Magnus Magnusson) (1960), ''Njal's Saga'', **(ISBN 0140441034) *(Unknown author, translated by Seamus Heaney), ''Beowulf'', (2000) **(ISBN 0393320979) * [http://www.snerpa.is/net/isl/isl.htm The icelandic sagas at Netútgáfan] Viking Age History of the Germanic peoples Medieval literature Nordic folklore Norse mythology Sagas of Iceland
*See also (including Whatlinkshere): **w:da:Nordisk saga ([http://da.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Speciel:Whatlinkshere&target=Nordisk_saga]), w:en:Norse Saga ([http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Special:Whatlinkshere&target=Norse_saga]), w:is:Íslendingasögurnar ([http://is.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:Whatlinkshere&target=%C3%8Dslendingas%C3%B6gurnar]), w:ja:サーガ ([http://ja.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:Whatlinkshere&target=%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AC]), w:fi:Saaga ([http://fi.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Toiminnot:Whatlinkshere&target=Saaga]), to w:sv:Islänningasagor ([http://sv.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Special:Whatlinkshere&target=Isl%E4nningasagor]) **w:de:Isländische Literatur des Mittelalters ([http://de.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Spezial:Whatlinkshere&target=Isl%C3%A4ndische_Literatur_des_Mittelalters]) + w:de:Diskussion:Isländische Literatur des Mittelalters ([http://de.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Spezial:Whatlinkshere&target=Diskussion%3AIsl%C3%A4ndische_Literatur_des_Mittelalters]); **no:? :no:Kategori:Norrøn tid, :no:Gunnlaug Ormstunges saga ---- *Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Old Norse/Old Icelandic/Old English) ---- pictures: commons:User:Gangleri/pictures#Gu.C3.B0r.C3.BAn_.C3.93sv.C3.ADfursd.C3.B3ttir
films: [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0083267/ Útlaginn (1981)] also known as: "Outlaw: The Saga of Gisli" (1981), [http://www.snerpa.is/net/isl/gisl.htm Gísla saga Súrssonar] ---- == Welcome! == *Participants: ... * == Very nice work here. == I'd suggest, though, that some thought be given to merging Sagas with this one. ''Sagas'' in the plural is a nonstandard title in any case. Saga, apparently, may require a disambiguation page. -- User:Ihcoyc 14:08, 20 Aug 2003 (UTC) Quite nice work on this page, but I think the article exaggerates the importance of the word 'fate' in the sagas. The line 'noone questions fate' bothers me, since this is not always true in Old Nordic litterature. I can not give concrete examples, since I do not know how to translate the titles of certain texts properly. My point is, the Vikings were not as fatalistic as the article may suggest; they were intelligent, free individuals too and were not ruled by some unquestionable fate, like the article seemingly states. == A question for native speakers of English: == Can ''saga'' really mean an epic poem? For instance, can ''Beowulf'' be called a saga? It is out of the question in, say, Icelandic or Danish, but English is not my first language, so I'd be curious to know. User:Io 15:41, 27 May 2004 (UTC) *"Saga" in English can mean any rambling, long story. However, when used as a technical term, I have never seen applied to anything other than than the Scandivian sagas. Beowulf is not called a saga by any medievalist or literary scholar that I know of.User:Dsmdgold 01:06, 21 Aug 2004 (UTC) Also, could you call ''Snorra-Edda'' a saga? It's a poetic manual, not a coherent tale, and its parts consist of, in essence, a mythological overview, a dictionary and a list of meters. User:Io 16:33, 27 May 2004 (UTC) * Again, not to the best of my knowledge.User:Dsmdgold 01:06, 21 Aug 2004 (UTC) == I removed Beowulf == for two reasons: It is not Norse and it is not a saga. I also have problems with the following: :''There are plenty of tales of kings (e.g. Heimskringla), every-day people (e. g. Bandamanna saga) and larger than life characters (e. g. Egils saga). It covers history of all Nordic countries where some groups, especially the pre-historic country Kvenland, have questionaried researchers for a long time and still do. It also covers e.g. England and North America, where it is not until recently (start of 20th century) the latter tale has been found to be authentic through archeological evidence.'' What does this actually mean? Especially, what does ''questionaried'' mean? Cheers User:Io 23:53, 20 Aug 2004 (UTC) * That's a really good question. "Questionaried" is not an English word. The rest of the paragraph appears to have been written by a non-native speaker of English. User:Dsmdgold 01:06, 21 Aug 2004 (UTC) --User:Yst 01:50, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC) * Although I can't say I hold a really strong opinion on it, from what I understand about it, it's quite arguable that the Skjoldunga/Scyldinga Saga (the main narrative substance of the Beowulf text) belongs in a comprehensive article on the Norse Saga, given that it is indeed known to have been formerly attested in a (now lost) Icelandic version, and survives in a synopsis by Arngrímur Jónsson. Regardless, the Beowulf manuscript is the best surviving exemplar for the saga, so it's inclusion would seem warranted. Beowulf should appear under Norse mythology, but not under Norse saga (which is a much more well-defined corpus). But we can link it at as a 'see also', of course. User:Dbachmann User_talk:Dbachmann 08:11, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC) == Oh, cr**. == One should always read before one edits. Beowulf plays a larger role in the article than I thought. I'll remove him altogether at a later date, if nobody objects. User:Io 00:14, 21 Aug 2004 (UTC) *Please do. User:Dsmdgold 01:06, 21 Aug 2004 (UTC) == To User:Dino: == I'm glad to make your acquaintance (that goes for User:Dsmdgold as well, of course :-). There's nothing wrong with Beowulf. It is a fine poem. It's just that it is neither ''Norse'' nor a ''saga'' and this article is entitled ''Norse saga''. Could you tell me, why Beowulf should be here? To User:Dsmdgold: I will, provided that I don't get involved in any kind of war. There are a lot of things to be remedied in the article (and part of the paragraph I asked about is mine, so I plead guilty on some charges :-). Cheers User:Io 01:23, 21 Aug 2004 (UTC) == I filled in the names of two categories of sagas. == More to follow. Listing the entire canon may seem excessive, but this should be the place to do it, if at all. User:Io 17:55, 21 Aug 2004 (UTC) == I removed the following: == :''It is easy, in our "enlightened" 21st century world to criticize. But how different are we?'' It sounds more programmatic than encyclopedic. Also, should the section '''The ''saga'' as a literary technique''' be kept as it is? As it stands, it is a list of a variety of genres with little in common, except that stories are told in all. It seems way too inclusive. User:Io 22:13, 22 Aug 2004 (UTC) == reworking / verifying the page == Dear friends, in bugzilla:660 I have explained some problems related to Norse saga. Would be happy to be in contanct with you. Regards User:Gangleri 20:48, 2004 Oct 7 (UTC) :The cases Gangleri mentions are no problems, really. There were two ligatures in Old Norse, and the spelling in Norse Saga and other articles on related subjects usually follows the standard. There may be problems regarding the entry of the special characters, but any decent browser should display them correctly. Mozilla does, and IE will probably too in time. That, in any case, is a technical problem, not a linguistic one. There are exceptions in spelling, of course, where the original author has used whichever spelling he is used to. For instance User:Wiglaf tends to use Swedish conventions, but I to use normalized Old Norse or Icelandic. In those cases it is accepted practice, if you so desire, to put standard or alternate spellings in parentheses. I do not believe a robot should alter the spellings as they are. It would be too contentious. Cheers User:Io 22:59, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC) ::Dear Io, you are perfectly right. I have not enough knowledge to recomend one spelling or the other. I want to poin out here some problems with the character code as it is NOW. Brion stated in bugzilla:660 that the characters ''do not produce legal links''. bugzilla:579 relates to a similar problem in romanian language. Beeing a new Wikipedian I understand that using transliteration for naming of the articles and using Unicode (?) inside the article is a temporary ''work around'' . Maybe the "O," and "o," characters can be found also in the Unicode used now by Wikipedia. Inside the articletransliterated_saga_name could be used.
::Another issue I want to point out is NOT to use multiple redirects as was the case before. For Vo,lsunga saga this was changed today. Maybe you have the time to check if it is fine for all your other existing references. Regards User:Gangleri 03:19, 2004 Oct 8 (UTC)
:::Hi again, User:Gangleri. First off, I'm taking a semi-break from Wikipedia at the moment, so I won't be editing much for a while. But my opinion, for what it's worth, is that it doesn't really matter which addresses are given to the pages, as long as the text appears correctly. After all, it is the text people read, not the addresses. However, redirects are probably unavoidable to some extent. Various authors follow various conventions. Personally, I was brought up on normalized Old Icelandic (in this case, not Old Norse, ''Wiglaf'' :), and that is the version I prefer. You are German, so a German example might be in order. There is a lovely little stanza, which you almost certainly know, from the early middle ages. In my version it goes:
::::Du bist min, ich bin din:
::::des solt du gewis sin.
::::du bist beslozzen
::::in minem herzen:
::::verlorn ist das sluzzelin:
::::du muost och immer darinne sin.
:::Don't you think this would lose some of its charm if it were written in contemporary German? That is, at least, how I feel about the old texts. Others have different opinions, of course.
:::Still, I'll admit that the orthography of Old Norse/Icelandic does present difficulties. The most serious is, that a letter is missing from Unicode (we should have an o-ogonek-acute accent, but Unicode provides only o-ogonek-macron.) All in all, I don't think we need to worry about how the browsers display special characters. Browsers are required to be able to deal with the entire code, and even Microsoft will eventually do what is required - it makes marketing sense. As for solving the problem now, well, Wikipedia is in for the long haul. The obvious solution is to switch to a better browser. Mozilla, or Firefox for that matter, are both free and more secure than IE. If switching browsers is not an option (I can't see why, but never mind), then the best you can do is wait for improvement. For my part, I would be very much against watering Wikipedia down just because one firm provides a crappy browser.
:::And, to Gangleri, I forgot to mention it, but welcome to Wikipedia. May you enjoy it as much as I do. :) User:Io 15:47, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
:::PS: Reading the above again, it appears to me, that we are more or less in agreement. Cheers User:Io 16:02, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)
::::Dear friends, Thanks for the feedback. ''reworking / verifying the page'' was ment (?) mainly about technical issues and avaoidance of ''invalid links'' inside en.wikipedia and of course also about ''invalid InterWiki links'' between the wikipedias in different languages. I tried (?) to write down some remarks about this at meta:User:Gangleri/remarks meta:User:Gangleri/remarks#Invalid_InterWiki_links_.28list.3F.29, meta:User:Gangleri/remarks#Invalid_links_.28lists.29 ... I do not have enough knowledge to recomend specific content issues. I would only talk about issues I agree / disagree. Thanks again! User:Gangleri 23:35, 2004 Oct 12 (UTC)
== Norse Saga comparision with w:is:Íslendingasögurnar ... ==
*I want to atract your attention at the ''chain of articles'' starting from w:en:Norse Saga to w:da:Nordisk saga, w:sv:Islänningasagor, w:fi:Saaga, w:ja:サーガ and also w:is:Íslendingasögurnar. I use '''History'' to know about the editors and contact them and also compare to see the different contributions.
*en: ''A Norse saga, Viking saga, (Icelandic: Íslendingasögur), ...'' sv: seems like en:
*is: and da: have (to my opinion) a similar apraoch.
*ja: is a stub until now
*Please note that I have posted a message [http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88:%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AC#Hall.C3.B3_and_greetings_from_Germany.21 indication about w:en:Talk:Norse saga] at ja.wikipedia and an invitation [http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E8%80%85%E2%80%90%E4%BC%9A%E8%A9%B1:Michey.M#.E3.82.B5.E3.83.BC.E3.82.AC related to (Norse / Icelandic) sagas] to come / look here. *Articles must not have the same content. The question is only if they should be linked together if the difference gets bigger. Which of the articles from a higher resolution approach should be linked then to what article in another languages? At some point there will be categories (I suppose at least in the Icelandic Wikipedia) too. *So far I posted some comments in German Wikipedia at w:de:Diskussion:Isländische_Literatur_des_Mittelalters. Regards User:Gangleri 23:58, 2004 Oct 12 (UTC) *P.S.:Please note that at is.wikipedia the article (''in Plural'') is used too ''Íslendingasögurnar''. This usages applies also to other articles as ''Íslenski fjárhundurinn'' w:is:Íslenski fjárhundurinn. I think that is their decision. Regards User:Gangleri 00:53, 2004 Oct 13 (UTC) == Characters "Ǫ" == >& # 4 9 0 ;< and "ǫ" == >& # 4 9 1 ;< == *Dear friends, regarding the old Icelandic characters "Ǫ" == >& # 4 9 0 ;< and "ǫ" == >& # 4 9 1 ;< I have more remarks and questions: *a) No doubt! Inside articles it is legitimate to use these characters. *b) Please help me to understand how to use these characters **in article names, **in reference links. *c) Is anybody there able to systematicaly look at: **How the sagas are refered in Norse saga? **What links are generated and what is the "final destination article name? Is this realy the most suitable? Please modify the links at Norse saga to Wikipedia:Piped link. Thanks! **If the name of the saga as mentioned in Norse saga is in the related article. ---- *Some examples: **Vǫlsunga saga == Vǫlsunga sagais converted to VÇ«lsunga saga == VÇ«lsunga saga and redirected to Volsunga saga. In that article the spelling "''Vǫlsunga saga''" is NOT mentioned. Neither is Völsunga saga. See also [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Special:Whatlinkshere&target=Volsunga_saga Whatlinkshere ''Volsunga saga''].
** Sǫgubrot af fornkonungum == Sǫgubrot af fornkonungum is converted to SÇ«gubrot af fornkonungum == SÇ«gubrot af fornkonungum and redirected to Sögubrot af Nokkrum. In that article the spelling "''Sǫgubrot af fornkonungum''" is NOT mentioned. The page is now (20:23, 2004 Nov 11 (UTC)) listed at Wikipedia:Redirects for deletion. See also [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Special:Whatlinkshere&target=S%F6gubrot_af_Nokkrum Whatlinkshere ''Sögubrot af Nokkrum'']].
**Ǫrvar-Odds saga == Ǫrvar-Odds saga is converted to %C7%AArvar-Odds saga == %C7%AArvar-Odds saga and redirected to Orvar-Odd. In that article the spelling "''Ǫrvar-Odds saga''" is NOT mentioned. See also [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Special:Whatlinkshere&target=Orvar-Odd Whatlinkshere ''Orvar-Odd''].
**
----
*Other actions:
**You may check witch category would be the most suitable for the articles you can follow from that particular saga and add whatever you find those categories. Thanks!
----
*List of usefull categories: (please update)
**:Category:Icelandic historical figures
**:Category:Norwegian monarchs (would probably be already there]
*
----
See also: Wikipedia:Invalid article names Regards [[User:Gangleri|:Gangleri | :Gangleri | [ Th]]] 20:23, 2004 Nov 11 (UTC)
=== feedback from User:Jallan ===
''moved here from User talk:Gangleri#On Norse Saga'' Thanks Jallan!
An attempt to arrive at a consensus on spelling of Old Norse names appears at Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Old Norse/Old Icelandic/Old English). However only three people turned up who were intrested in discussing the matter, and though we mostly agreed, that is not enough to enforce a Wikipedia rule. But I have been mostly following those rules in edits since September 1, and no-one has yet complained. But I have not tried to enforce them on all articles. Mostly I have followed the conventions in new articles I have writen and have erratically made some changes in accordance with the consenus in articles where I have cause to make some other change. Since this is the ''English'' Wikipedia, we are supplosed to follow common English practice in rendering foreign names. But there really isn't one for Old Norse names. In some texts, for example in Rudolf Simek's ''Dictionary of Northern Mythology'', trans. by Angela Hall, full Norse spellings are retained throughout. But other works, such as Kevin Crossley-Holland's ''The Norse Myths'' (also available as ''The Penguin Book of Norse Myths: Gods of the Vikings''), use ultra-anglicized forms with case endings removed, with ''þ'' replaced by ''th'', ''ð'' replaced by ''d'', ''æ'' and ''œ'' both replaced by ''ae'', and all diacritics dropped. The convention tentatively decided on was an intermediate convention, used in John Lindow's ''Norse Mythology'' and Andy Orchard's ''Cassell's Dictionary of Norse Myth & Legend''. See again the discussion at Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Old Norse/Old Icelandic/Old English). This really applies to mythology only. Icelandic saga translations in English generally omit ''all'' diacritics. And Wikipedia's rule is to follow English conventions. Inconsistantly however, diacritics and ''ð'' are often retained on modern Icelandic names. It is hideous mess. The hooked ''o'' ( ''ǫ'' ) is almost always rendered as ''ö'' or simply ''o'' in English texts except when the genuine Old Norse forms with case endings are being presented, which excuses us from having to worry overmuch about it. It is also rendered as ''ö'' in all genuine Old Norse texts that I have found on the web, not distinguished from the rarer, genuine Old Norse ''ö''. So Wikipedia articles should mostly do the same. The hooked ''o'' and ''œ'' are the only characters which cannot be included in article titles (until eventually the English Wikipedia moves to Unicode). But even after a move to Unicode, the hooked ''o'' should probably only appear as the title of an alternate redirect to an article with title containg ''ö'' or ''o'' instead. The letters ''Œ'' and ''œ'' can be used now on Windows machines in article titles by entering the Windows 1252 characters directly into the Wikipedia editor (at least on some systems). However, the character values are not legal values for printable characters in the Latin-1 character set currently used by Wikipedia and are likely to cause problems on non-Windows systems. Therefore ''Œ'' and ''œ'' should never be used in titles and always rendered by HTML entities in text rather than typing them in directly. Whoever has placed the new special characters line at the bottom of the edit window seems not to know this. On the grounds that the ''Fornaldarsögur'' belong to legend, I have used the conventions suggested for mythology in articles discussing those sagas and characters that appear in them. However in sagas dealing with the historical period, particularly with Icelandic sagas, current English practice (and most older English practice that I know about) is almost overwhelmingly against using diacritics. See the index to the recently released ''The Sagas of the Icelanders'' at [http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0141000031/ref=sib_rdr_idx/002-9190801-3242439?%5Fencoding=UTF8&p=S0MZ#reader-page]. The forms that appear in that book are mostly identical to those found in other commonly available medieval Icelandic sagas, except that a minority of translators insist on rendering ''ð'' by ''th'' instead of by ''d''. Another difference is that many render ''æ'' and even ''œ'' directly rather than as ''ae'' as this book does. I prefer keeping the ligature letters. When two forms of a foreign name are found in common use, it makes sense to use the more pedantically accurate of the two as the norm in a reference work (though acknowledging the more simplified forms). I have begun the practice of including the genuine Old Norse form in parentheses and in italics on the first appearance of a name in an article. I also include other variant forms at the bottom of an article to enable search engines to find references to articles mentioning the names in variant spellings and variant translations of surnames. I also always create ASCII redirects without diacritics to article names containing diacritics. See Halfdan the Old for how I currently manage things. I used the spelling ''Halfdan'' rather than ''Hálfdan'' because the name is rendered without the acute accent by both Andy Orchard and John Lindow. They drop diacritics from names that are very familiar in English without them, which is a common practice: use the most familiar form for commonly known names. Most English writers use the spellings ''Odin'' and ''Thor'', rather than ''Ódin'' and ''Thór'', for the same reason. I realize now that I should also have rendered the Old Norse name ''Óláfr'' as ''Olaf'' rather than ''Óláf'' and will make that change at some time. User:Jallan 04:08, 12 Nov 2004 (UTC) :Thank you Jallan! I wished I would have found these informations earlier. Regards [[User:Gangleri|:Gangleri | :Gangleri | [ Th]]] 05:06, 2004 Nov 12 (UTC) ::*I laud any effort towards consistency (e.g. Saga names). Much could be improved! ::*I am pro-Unicode ;o) certainly the o-hook may have legitimate uses in articles, but ::*since ''The hooked o ( ǫ ) is almost always rendered as öor simply o in English texts except when the genuine Old Norse forms with case endings are being presented'' I don't see any immediate need to use it in article titles (apart from the fact that on en: this is still technically impossible...) -- User:Dbachmann 14:24, 12 Nov 2004 (UTC)
==Unicode characters in En: article titles==
Since the English Wikipedia doesn't currently support Unicode in article names, and since there's a request pending on WP:RfD to delete one of these "non-legible" redirects (see above), I would really appreciate it you all could come to a definite decision on whether you want to keep or delete them. User:Jnc User_talk:Jnc 13:37, 18 Nov 2004 (UTC)
==Gutasaga==
I am thinking of writing an article on the Gutasaga. It is a Norse saga, but it is not Icelandic. Any opinions about its possible mention in this article?--User:Wiglaf 18:54, 2 Jan 2005 (UTC)
:OK. Since my question has not received an answer I have included the Gutasaga in the article.--User:Wiglaf 10:58, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC)
:Since this is "Norse saga", not "Icelandic saga", I don't see a problem with that. User:Dbachmann User_talk:Dbachmann 11:00, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC)
== Drauma-Jons ==
According to the 1989 ''Dictionary of the Middle Ages'', Volume 4 (of 12), page 289, article by author Peter A. Jorgensen (University of Georgia):
:"Drauma-Jons Saga is a short narrative preserved in five Icelandic vellum manuscripts, the oldest from around 1400, in some 45 manuscripts. It was probably first written down at the start of the 14th century, but whether it was a translation from a foreign source or a native product employing foreign (including oriental) motifs is not certain."
He goes on to give further bibliographical references in German academic journals should you desire those. My question is, since the Icelandic version is the only one known to exist, if this does not go under Iceland, where would it go? Given that there does not seem to be a consensus on its origins, I see no reason it should not be listed here. --User:Stbalbach 01:38, 25 Jan 2005 (UTC)
:: Even if it's written in Iceland by an Icelander it still isn't necessarily an Icelandic saga in the sense of this list. It would have to deal with Icelandic people in the period between the settlement and c.a. 1100 AD. Does it? -- User:Haukurth 02:03, 25 Jan 2005 (UTC)
*Why do you assume it isn't? It was written down in the early 14th century, right in line with when other Sagas were writen down (according to our very own article here). In the Biography of the ''Dictionary..'' article there is reference to it by Margaret Schlauch in ''Romance in Iceland'' (1934, reprint 1974) pg.71-73 .. it is also listed as one of 53 sagas in the book ''Bibliography of the Old Norse - Icelandic Romances'' (1985) by Marianne Kalinke (if you have JSTOR access, a review including mention of Drauma is available online here [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0038-7134%28198701%2962%3A1%3C141%3ABOON-I%3E2.0.CO%3B2-D] ''Speculum'', Vol. 62, No. 1. (Jan., 1987), pp. 141-143.
:According to your previous quote it is unknown whether Drauma-Jóns saga is a translation or not. That makes it fairly clear that it isn't an Icelandic saga (Íslendingasaga) in the narrow sense of this list. Many things were written in Iceland in this period and some of them have titles that end with 'saga' (which, after all, simply means "story" in Icelandic). There is, for example, an Alexanders saga. User:Haukurth 10:09, 25 Jan 2005 (UTC)
::Which list do you suggest Drauma-Jons belongs to? Clearly it belong in a "Icelandic Romances" category since Marianne Kalinke listed it as such in her book. I'm not sure what the difference is between a Romance and a Story. --User:Stbalbach 23:04, 25 Jan 2005 (UTC)
:::The current article on 'saga' is misleading. The term is actually used (in English) to refer to a specific thing. In the narrow sense of this list we're discussing Drauma-Jóns saga is not (as far as I know) a saga. There wouldn't be anything wrong with putting it on a list of old Icelandic literary works but it belongs with others of its kind (translations, if it is a translation, the Fornaldarsögur if it is one of those, et cetera). The works under the Icelandic sagas list are by no means an exhaustive list of Old Icelandic literary works. There's another list on the same page for Legendary sagas. Maybe Drauma-Jóns saga is one of those, though it sounds more like it belongs with such works as Alexanders saga. -- User:Haukurth 23:56, 25 Jan 2005 (UTC)
==Entering hooked o with acute==
Although hooked-o-acute = o-ogonek-acute does not exist precomposed in Unicode, the Unicode standard does provide for combinations of characters and accents. This particular combination would be Vǫ́lsung (Vǫ́lsung). This renders correctly (though not beautifully) on Firefox, but to force correct rendering across all browsers including Internet Explorer, you should use the IPA template: (
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
Words begining with Norse_saga:
Norse_Saga
Norse_Saga
Norse_saga
Norse_saga
Norse_sagas
Norse Saga
#REDIRECT Norse_saga
Norse Saga
#REDIRECT Talk:Norse_saga
Norse saga
The Norse sagas or Viking sagas (Icelandic language: ''sögur''), are stories about ancient Scandinavian and Germanic tribes history, about early Viking voyages, about migration to Iceland, and of feuds between Icelandic families. One of them, the Gutasaga, was written on Gotland and deals with the early history of the Gotlanders. They were written in the Old Norse language. The texts are epic tales in prose, often with stanzas or whole poems in alliterative verse embedded in the text, of heroic deeds of days long gone, ''tales of worthy men,'' who were often Vikings, sometimes Paganism, sometimes Christian. The tales are usually realistic (except, of course, legendary sagas, sagas of saints, sagas of bishops and translated or recomposed romances), sometimes romanticised and fantastic, but always dealing with human beings we can understand. ==Background== The (English) ''saga'' , (German) ''Sage'' originates from (Icelandic) ''saga, plural sögur'' and refers to (1) "what is said, statement" or (2) "story, tale, history". Icelandic sagas are based on oral traditions and much research has focused on what is real and what is fiction within each tale. The accuracy of the sagas is often hotly disputed, being both overestimated and underestimated by various scholars. Most of the manuscripts in which the sagas were originally preserved were taken to Denmark and Sweden in the 17th century, but later returned to Iceland. There are plenty of tales of kings (e.g. Heimskringla), every-day people (e.g. Bandamanna saga) and larger than life characters (e. g. Egils saga). The sagas describe a part of the history of some of the Nordic countries (e.g. the last chapter of Hervarar saga). England and North America are also mentioned. It was only recently (start of 20th century) that the tales of the voyages to America were authenticated. Most sagas of Icelanders take place in the period 930–1030, which is actually called ''söguöld'' (Age of the Sagas) in Icelandic history. The sagas of kings, bishops, contemporary sagas and so on, of course have their own time frame. Most were written down between 1190 to 1320, sometimes existing as oral traditions long before, others are pure fiction, and for some we do know the sources: The author of King Sverrir's saga had met the king and used him as a source. ==On the plots and writing style== Some Norse Sagas live between Christianity and Paganism ( ''Njál's saga'' is an example; see also Norse mythology.) Aside from Christian influence, the world of the sagas is ''strongly'' pagan, and fate plays a central role, a key line in ''Njal's Saga'' (chapter 6, as translated by Magnus Magnusson; references below) is :''... each must do as destiny decides.'' The civilization of Norse sagas is complex, many-layered, with often-contradictory agents sometimes acting as forces for good, sometime evil, and always grippingly human. The writing style tends towards the impersonal, terse, with no explanation of ''why's''. Things happen; no one questions fate. Characters are often but briefly introduced, ''There was a man named ...,'' followed by brief biographies, genealogy, and all-important relations to other figures in the saga. Personalities are shown through ''action,'' seldom through analysis any deeper than offhand lines like ''He was an utter scoundrel,'' or, ''He was a powerful chieftain.'' Often a prominent agent figures in other sagas, and one may draw information from them, which saga writers simply assumed. Relationships between individuals are complex, by friendship, blood, marriage, and immediate geography. One must often and at disadvantage overcome fantastic enemies. Life is short, uncertain, and men's worth is determined by glory in weapon. Critical concepts to the Norse saga technique are ''honour'', ''luck'' (or ''destiny''), and ''fate'', the ''supernatural'', and ''moral character''. Behavior is often not explained, as within the world of the saga it is what ''must'' be done, and early listeners of sagas had no need of questions. Any slight to one's ''honour'' (or that of one's family) had to be avenged, by blood or money. Men could easily be goaded to fatal violence over a (real or imagined) slight to their honour. The concept of ''luck'' is simple, certainly in one such as ''Njal's Saga'': one is born with a certain store of good luck. When your good luck runs out, you're doomed. The ''supernatural'' often plays a major role as well. Oneiric (i.e., relating to prophetic dreams) factors may also play a role. Do agents have the ''character'' to surmount their difficulties, or do they succumb to vices such as evil, cowardice and pride? As a final stylistic point, Magnus Magnusson beautifully notes in his introduction to ''Njal's Saga,'' :''In the midst of such economy, one spendthrift sentence can speak volumes: 'two ravens flew with them all the way' (Chapter 79) as Skarp-Hedin and Hogni set out at night to avenge Gunnar ...'' ==The ''saga'' as a literary technique== The saga is not strictly a Norse literary technique. Similar styles around the world were either independently developed or were derived from the style of the Norse sagas. For example: * The epic Western genre of the Western, a romanticised history of United States west. Some Westerns have plots drawn directly from Norse sagas. An epic Western such as ''Once Upon a Time in the West'' may be regarded a revenge saga. * ''The Song of Roland'' as a French saga, as all their Chansons de geste. * ''Beowulf'' and ''Sir Gawain and the Green Knight'' as English sagas * Homer's ''Odyssey'' as a Greece saga * Japan's tales of the samurai * The science fiction sub-genre Space Opera * J. R. R. Tolkien's ''The Lord of the Rings'' and many of the derivative works in modern fantasy Even some religion writings such as the Bible and the Bhagavad Gita have saga overtones. ==Modern parallels== Tolkien's name ''Gandalf'' is found in the ''Edda''; indeed, Gandalf is reminiscent of Odin, the principal Norse god, though in the ''Edda'' the name belongs to a dwarf, Gandálfr. Tolkien's name ''Middle-earth'' comes from an Old and Middle English term for the known world for which cognates exist in Old Norse and other Germanic languages. Wagner's '' Der Ring des Nibelungen'' drew inspiration from sources including the Norse Saga, ''Edda'', ''Volsunga saga'' and the German epic ''The Nibelungenlied''. ==Classification of sagas== Norse Sagas are generally classified as: *'''Kings' sagas'''; telling the lives of Scandinavian monarchs. They were composed in the 12th to 14th centuries. **''Fagrskinna'', unknown writer. **''Heimskringla'' ("Orb of the World") written by Snorri Sturluson. It starts with the arrival of the Æsir in Scandinavia and ends with the battle at Re 1177. **''Morkinskinna'', unknown writer. *Icelandic sagas (''Íslendingasögur''); these are heroic prose narratives written in the 12th to 14th centuries of the great families of Iceland from 930 to 1030. These are the highest form of the classical Icelandic saga writing. **''Bandamanna saga'' **''Bárðar saga Snæfellsáss'' **''Bjarnar saga Hítdœlakappa'' **''Njál's saga''; considered by some the greatest of Icelandic prose sagas; many translations are available and it is available on the Internet. **''Droplaugarsona saga'' **''Egils saga'' **''Eiríks saga rauða'' **''Eyrbyggja saga'' **''Finnboga saga ramma'' **''Fljótsdæla saga'' **''Flóamanna saga'' **''Fóstbrœðra saga'' (two versions) **''Gísla saga'', (two versions) of an outlaw poet. **''Grettis saga'' **''Grœnlendinga saga'' **''Gull-Þóris saga'' **''Gunnars saga Keldugnúpsfífls'' **''Gunnlaugs saga ormstungu'' **''Hallfreðar saga'' **''Harðar saga ok Hólmverja'' **''Hávarðar saga Ísfirðings'' **''Heiðarvíga saga'' **''Hrafnkels saga'' **''Hœnsa-Þóris saga'' **''Kjalnesinga saga'' **''Kormáks saga'' **''Króka-Refs saga'' **''Laxdæla saga'' **''Ljósvetninga saga'' (three versions) **''Reykdœla saga ok Víga-Skútu'' **''Svarfdœla saga'' **''Valla-Ljóts saga'' **''Vatnsdœla saga'' **''Víga-Glúms saga'' **''Víglundar saga'' **''Vápnfirðinga saga'' **''Þorsteins saga hvíta'' **''Þorsteins saga Síðu-Hallssonar'' **''Þórðar saga hreðu'' **''Ǫlkofra saga'' *Short stories (''Íslendinga þættir''); the material is similar to ''Íslendinga sögur'', just shorter. **''Arnórs þáttr jarlaskálds'' **''Auðunar þáttr vestfirzka'' **''Bergbúa þáttr'' **''Bolla þáttr Bollasonar'' **''Brandkrossa þáttr'' **''Brands þáttr orva'' **''Draumr Þorsteins Síðu-Hallssonar'' **''Egils þáttr Síðu-Hallssonar'' **''Einars þáttr Skúlasonar'' **''Geirmundar þáttr'' **''Gísls þáttr Illugasonar'' **''Grœnlendinga þáttr'' **''Gull-Ásu-Þórðar þáttr'' **''Gunnars þáttr Þiðrandabana'' **''Halldórs þáttr Snorrasonar inn fyrri'' **''Halldórs þáttr Snorrasonar inn síðari'' **''Helga þáttr Þórissonar'' **''Hrafns þáttr Guðrúnarsonar'' **''Hreiðars þáttr'' **''Hrómundar þáttr halta'' **''Íslendings þáttr sogufróða'' **''Ívars þáttr Ingimundarsonar'' **''Jokuls þáttr Búasonar'' **''Kumlbúa þáttr'' **''Mána þáttr skálds'' **''Odds þáttr Ófeigssonar'' **''Orms þáttr Stórólfssonar'' **''Óttars þáttr svarta'' **''Sneglu-Halla þáttr'' **''Stornu-Odda draumr'' **''Stúfs þáttr inn meiri'' **''Stúfs þáttr inn skemmri'' **''Svaða þáttr ok Arnórs kerlingarnefs'' **''Þiðranda þáttr ok Þórhalls'' **''Þorgríms þáttr Hallasonar'' **''Þorleifs þáttr jarlaskálds'' **''Þormóðar þáttr'' **''Þorsteins þáttr Austfirðings'' **''Þorsteins þáttr forvitna'' **''Þorsteins þáttr Síðu-Hallssonar'' **''Þorsteins þáttr skelks'' **''Þorsteins þáttr stangarhoggs'' **''Þorsteins þáttr sogufróða'' **''Þorsteins þáttr tjaldstœðings'' **''Þorsteins þáttr uxafóts'' **''Þorvalds þáttr tasalda'' **''Þorvalds þáttr víðforla'' **''Þorvarðar þáttr krákunefs'' **''Þórarins þáttr Nefjólfssonar'' **''Þórarins þáttr ofsa'' **''Þórarins þáttr stuttfeldar'' **''Þórhalls þáttr knapps'' **''Ævi Snorra goða'' **''Ǫgmundar þáttr dytts'' *Legendary sagas, blending remote history with myth or legend. The aim is on a lively narrative and entertainment. Scandinavia's pagan past was a proud and heroic history for the Icelanders. **''Áns saga bogsveigis'' **''Ásmundar saga kappabana'' **''Bósa saga'' **''Egils saga einhenda ok Ásmundar berserkjabana'' **''Friðþjófs saga ins frœkna'' **''Gautreks saga'' **''Gríms saga loðinkinna'' **''Gongu-Hrólfs saga'' **''Hálfdanar saga Bronufóstra'' **''Hálfdanar saga Eysteinssonar'' **''Hálfs saga ok Hálfsrekka'' **''Hemings þáttr Áslákssonar'' (two versions) **''Hervarar saga'' which relates of Gothic wars and the line of Swedish kings. **''Hjálmþés saga ok Ǫlvis'' **''Hrólfs saga Gautrekssonar'' **''Hrólf Kraki''; which is related to the Old English poem Beowulf. **''Illuga saga Gríðarfóstra'' **''Ketils saga hœngs'' **''Norna-Gests þáttr'' **''Ragnar Lodbrok'' (two versions) **''Ragnarssona þáttr'' **''Sturlaugs saga starfsama'' **''Sögubrot'' **''Sorla þáttr'' **''Volsa þáttr'' **''Volsunga saga'' **''Þorsteins saga Víkingssonar'' **''Ǫrvar-Odds saga'' (two versions) ==Others== **''Styrbjarnar þáttr Svíakappa'' **''Hróa þáttr heimska'' **''Eymundar þáttr hrings'' **''Eindriða þáttr ok Erlings'' ==See also== *Gylfaginning *Hattatal *Origins for Beowulf and Hrólf Kraki *Ragnarök *Viking Age *Orkneyinga saga (''Icelandic'') *Thidreks saga (''Norwegian'') *Volsunga saga (''Icelandic'') *Ynglinga saga (''Icelandic'') *Nart saga (''Caucasian'') ==External links and references== *[http://www.northvegr.org/lore/main.php Free saga e-texts and related materials] *[http://www.cyberclip.com/Katrine/NorwayInfo/words/saga.html A Norse saga page] *[http://home.prcn.org/~saeunn/norse.htm Viking sagas online] *[http://www.ugcs.caltech.edu/~cherryne/mythology.html A Norse mythology page] *[http://server.fhp.uoregon.edu/norse/ Norse saga resources from the University of Oregon] *(Unknown author, translated by Magnus Magnusson) (1960), ''Njal's Saga'', **(ISBN 0140441034) *(Unknown author, translated by Seamus Heaney), ''Beowulf'', (2000) **(ISBN 0393320979) * [http://www.snerpa.is/net/isl/isl.htm The icelandic sagas at Netútgáfan] Viking Age History of the Germanic peoples Medieval literature Nordic folklore Norse mythology Sagas of Iceland
Norse saga
*See also (including Whatlinkshere): **w:da:Nordisk saga ([http://da.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Speciel:Whatlinkshere&target=Nordisk_saga]), w:en:Norse Saga ([http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Special:Whatlinkshere&target=Norse_saga]), w:is:Íslendingasögurnar ([http://is.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:Whatlinkshere&target=%C3%8Dslendingas%C3%B6gurnar]), w:ja:サーガ ([http://ja.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:Whatlinkshere&target=%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AC]), w:fi:Saaga ([http://fi.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Toiminnot:Whatlinkshere&target=Saaga]), to w:sv:Islänningasagor ([http://sv.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Special:Whatlinkshere&target=Isl%E4nningasagor]) **w:de:Isländische Literatur des Mittelalters ([http://de.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Spezial:Whatlinkshere&target=Isl%C3%A4ndische_Literatur_des_Mittelalters]) + w:de:Diskussion:Isländische Literatur des Mittelalters ([http://de.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Spezial:Whatlinkshere&target=Diskussion%3AIsl%C3%A4ndische_Literatur_des_Mittelalters]); **no:? :no:Kategori:Norrøn tid, :no:Gunnlaug Ormstunges saga ---- *Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Old Norse/Old Icelandic/Old English) ---- pictures: commons:User:Gangleri/pictures#Gu.C3.B0r.C3.BAn_.C3.93sv.C3.ADfursd.C3.B3ttir
films: [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0083267/ Útlaginn (1981)] also known as: "Outlaw: The Saga of Gisli" (1981), [http://www.snerpa.is/net/isl/gisl.htm Gísla saga Súrssonar] ---- == Welcome! == *Participants: ... * == Very nice work here. == I'd suggest, though, that some thought be given to merging Sagas with this one. ''Sagas'' in the plural is a nonstandard title in any case. Saga, apparently, may require a disambiguation page. -- User:Ihcoyc 14:08, 20 Aug 2003 (UTC) Quite nice work on this page, but I think the article exaggerates the importance of the word 'fate' in the sagas. The line 'noone questions fate' bothers me, since this is not always true in Old Nordic litterature. I can not give concrete examples, since I do not know how to translate the titles of certain texts properly. My point is, the Vikings were not as fatalistic as the article may suggest; they were intelligent, free individuals too and were not ruled by some unquestionable fate, like the article seemingly states. == A question for native speakers of English: == Can ''saga'' really mean an epic poem? For instance, can ''Beowulf'' be called a saga? It is out of the question in, say, Icelandic or Danish, but English is not my first language, so I'd be curious to know. User:Io 15:41, 27 May 2004 (UTC) *"Saga" in English can mean any rambling, long story. However, when used as a technical term, I have never seen applied to anything other than than the Scandivian sagas. Beowulf is not called a saga by any medievalist or literary scholar that I know of.User:Dsmdgold 01:06, 21 Aug 2004 (UTC) Also, could you call ''Snorra-Edda'' a saga? It's a poetic manual, not a coherent tale, and its parts consist of, in essence, a mythological overview, a dictionary and a list of meters. User:Io 16:33, 27 May 2004 (UTC) * Again, not to the best of my knowledge.User:Dsmdgold 01:06, 21 Aug 2004 (UTC) == I removed Beowulf == for two reasons: It is not Norse and it is not a saga. I also have problems with the following: :''There are plenty of tales of kings (e.g. Heimskringla), every-day people (e. g. Bandamanna saga) and larger than life characters (e. g. Egils saga). It covers history of all Nordic countries where some groups, especially the pre-historic country Kvenland, have questionaried researchers for a long time and still do. It also covers e.g. England and North America, where it is not until recently (start of 20th century) the latter tale has been found to be authentic through archeological evidence.'' What does this actually mean? Especially, what does ''questionaried'' mean? Cheers User:Io 23:53, 20 Aug 2004 (UTC) * That's a really good question. "Questionaried" is not an English word. The rest of the paragraph appears to have been written by a non-native speaker of English. User:Dsmdgold 01:06, 21 Aug 2004 (UTC) --User:Yst 01:50, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC) * Although I can't say I hold a really strong opinion on it, from what I understand about it, it's quite arguable that the Skjoldunga/Scyldinga Saga (the main narrative substance of the Beowulf text) belongs in a comprehensive article on the Norse Saga, given that it is indeed known to have been formerly attested in a (now lost) Icelandic version, and survives in a synopsis by Arngrímur Jónsson. Regardless, the Beowulf manuscript is the best surviving exemplar for the saga, so it's inclusion would seem warranted. Beowulf should appear under Norse mythology, but not under Norse saga (which is a much more well-defined corpus). But we can link it at as a 'see also', of course. User:Dbachmann User_talk:Dbachmann 08:11, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC) == Oh, cr**. == One should always read before one edits. Beowulf plays a larger role in the article than I thought. I'll remove him altogether at a later date, if nobody objects. User:Io 00:14, 21 Aug 2004 (UTC) *Please do. User:Dsmdgold 01:06, 21 Aug 2004 (UTC) == To User:Dino: == I'm glad to make your acquaintance (that goes for User:Dsmdgold as well, of course :-). There's nothing wrong with Beowulf. It is a fine poem. It's just that it is neither ''Norse'' nor a ''saga'' and this article is entitled ''Norse saga''. Could you tell me, why Beowulf should be here? To User:Dsmdgold: I will, provided that I don't get involved in any kind of war. There are a lot of things to be remedied in the article (and part of the paragraph I asked about is mine, so I plead guilty on some charges :-). Cheers User:Io 01:23, 21 Aug 2004 (UTC) == I filled in the names of two categories of sagas. == More to follow. Listing the entire canon may seem excessive, but this should be the place to do it, if at all. User:Io 17:55, 21 Aug 2004 (UTC) == I removed the following: == :''It is easy, in our "enlightened" 21st century world to criticize. But how different are we?'' It sounds more programmatic than encyclopedic. Also, should the section '''The ''saga'' as a literary technique''' be kept as it is? As it stands, it is a list of a variety of genres with little in common, except that stories are told in all. It seems way too inclusive. User:Io 22:13, 22 Aug 2004 (UTC) == reworking / verifying the page == Dear friends, in bugzilla:660 I have explained some problems related to Norse saga. Would be happy to be in contanct with you. Regards User:Gangleri 20:48, 2004 Oct 7 (UTC) :The cases Gangleri mentions are no problems, really. There were two ligatures in Old Norse, and the spelling in Norse Saga and other articles on related subjects usually follows the standard. There may be problems regarding the entry of the special characters, but any decent browser should display them correctly. Mozilla does, and IE will probably too in time. That, in any case, is a technical problem, not a linguistic one. There are exceptions in spelling, of course, where the original author has used whichever spelling he is used to. For instance User:Wiglaf tends to use Swedish conventions, but I to use normalized Old Norse or Icelandic. In those cases it is accepted practice, if you so desire, to put standard or alternate spellings in parentheses. I do not believe a robot should alter the spellings as they are. It would be too contentious. Cheers User:Io 22:59, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC) ::Dear Io, you are perfectly right. I have not enough knowledge to recomend one spelling or the other. I want to poin out here some problems with the character code as it is NOW. Brion stated in bugzilla:660 that the characters ''do not produce legal links''. bugzilla:579 relates to a similar problem in romanian language. Beeing a new Wikipedian I understand that using transliteration for naming of the articles and using Unicode (?) inside the article is a temporary ''work around'' . Maybe the "O," and "o," characters can be found also in the Unicode used now by Wikipedia. Inside the article
*Please note that I have posted a message [http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88:%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AC#Hall.C3.B3_and_greetings_from_Germany.21 indication about w:en:Talk:Norse saga] at ja.wikipedia and an invitation [http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E8%80%85%E2%80%90%E4%BC%9A%E8%A9%B1:Michey.M#.E3.82.B5.E3.83.BC.E3.82.AC related to (Norse / Icelandic) sagas] to come / look here. *Articles must not have the same content. The question is only if they should be linked together if the difference gets bigger. Which of the articles from a higher resolution approach should be linked then to what article in another languages? At some point there will be categories (I suppose at least in the Icelandic Wikipedia) too. *So far I posted some comments in German Wikipedia at w:de:Diskussion:Isländische_Literatur_des_Mittelalters. Regards User:Gangleri 23:58, 2004 Oct 12 (UTC) *P.S.:Please note that at is.wikipedia the article (''in Plural'') is used too ''Íslendingasögurnar''. This usages applies also to other articles as ''Íslenski fjárhundurinn'' w:is:Íslenski fjárhundurinn. I think that is their decision. Regards User:Gangleri 00:53, 2004 Oct 13 (UTC) == Characters "Ǫ" == >& # 4 9 0 ;< and "ǫ" == >& # 4 9 1 ;< == *Dear friends, regarding the old Icelandic characters "Ǫ" == >& # 4 9 0 ;< and "ǫ" == >& # 4 9 1 ;< I have more remarks and questions: *a) No doubt! Inside articles it is legitimate to use these characters. *b) Please help me to understand how to use these characters **in article names, **in reference links. *c) Is anybody there able to systematicaly look at: **How the sagas are refered in Norse saga? **What links are generated and what is the "final destination article name? Is this realy the most suitable? Please modify the links at Norse saga to Wikipedia:Piped link. Thanks! **If the name of the saga as mentioned in Norse saga is in the related article. ---- *Some examples: **
An attempt to arrive at a consensus on spelling of Old Norse names appears at Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Old Norse/Old Icelandic/Old English). However only three people turned up who were intrested in discussing the matter, and though we mostly agreed, that is not enough to enforce a Wikipedia rule. But I have been mostly following those rules in edits since September 1, and no-one has yet complained. But I have not tried to enforce them on all articles. Mostly I have followed the conventions in new articles I have writen and have erratically made some changes in accordance with the consenus in articles where I have cause to make some other change. Since this is the ''English'' Wikipedia, we are supplosed to follow common English practice in rendering foreign names. But there really isn't one for Old Norse names. In some texts, for example in Rudolf Simek's ''Dictionary of Northern Mythology'', trans. by Angela Hall, full Norse spellings are retained throughout. But other works, such as Kevin Crossley-Holland's ''The Norse Myths'' (also available as ''The Penguin Book of Norse Myths: Gods of the Vikings''), use ultra-anglicized forms with case endings removed, with ''þ'' replaced by ''th'', ''ð'' replaced by ''d'', ''æ'' and ''œ'' both replaced by ''ae'', and all diacritics dropped. The convention tentatively decided on was an intermediate convention, used in John Lindow's ''Norse Mythology'' and Andy Orchard's ''Cassell's Dictionary of Norse Myth & Legend''. See again the discussion at Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Old Norse/Old Icelandic/Old English). This really applies to mythology only. Icelandic saga translations in English generally omit ''all'' diacritics. And Wikipedia's rule is to follow English conventions. Inconsistantly however, diacritics and ''ð'' are often retained on modern Icelandic names. It is hideous mess. The hooked ''o'' ( ''ǫ'' ) is almost always rendered as ''ö'' or simply ''o'' in English texts except when the genuine Old Norse forms with case endings are being presented, which excuses us from having to worry overmuch about it. It is also rendered as ''ö'' in all genuine Old Norse texts that I have found on the web, not distinguished from the rarer, genuine Old Norse ''ö''. So Wikipedia articles should mostly do the same. The hooked ''o'' and ''œ'' are the only characters which cannot be included in article titles (until eventually the English Wikipedia moves to Unicode). But even after a move to Unicode, the hooked ''o'' should probably only appear as the title of an alternate redirect to an article with title containg ''ö'' or ''o'' instead. The letters ''Œ'' and ''œ'' can be used now on Windows machines in article titles by entering the Windows 1252 characters directly into the Wikipedia editor (at least on some systems). However, the character values are not legal values for printable characters in the Latin-1 character set currently used by Wikipedia and are likely to cause problems on non-Windows systems. Therefore ''Œ'' and ''œ'' should never be used in titles and always rendered by HTML entities in text rather than typing them in directly. Whoever has placed the new special characters line at the bottom of the edit window seems not to know this. On the grounds that the ''Fornaldarsögur'' belong to legend, I have used the conventions suggested for mythology in articles discussing those sagas and characters that appear in them. However in sagas dealing with the historical period, particularly with Icelandic sagas, current English practice (and most older English practice that I know about) is almost overwhelmingly against using diacritics. See the index to the recently released ''The Sagas of the Icelanders'' at [http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0141000031/ref=sib_rdr_idx/002-9190801-3242439?%5Fencoding=UTF8&p=S0MZ#reader-page]. The forms that appear in that book are mostly identical to those found in other commonly available medieval Icelandic sagas, except that a minority of translators insist on rendering ''ð'' by ''th'' instead of by ''d''. Another difference is that many render ''æ'' and even ''œ'' directly rather than as ''ae'' as this book does. I prefer keeping the ligature letters. When two forms of a foreign name are found in common use, it makes sense to use the more pedantically accurate of the two as the norm in a reference work (though acknowledging the more simplified forms). I have begun the practice of including the genuine Old Norse form in parentheses and in italics on the first appearance of a name in an article. I also include other variant forms at the bottom of an article to enable search engines to find references to articles mentioning the names in variant spellings and variant translations of surnames. I also always create ASCII redirects without diacritics to article names containing diacritics. See Halfdan the Old for how I currently manage things. I used the spelling ''Halfdan'' rather than ''Hálfdan'' because the name is rendered without the acute accent by both Andy Orchard and John Lindow. They drop diacritics from names that are very familiar in English without them, which is a common practice: use the most familiar form for commonly known names. Most English writers use the spellings ''Odin'' and ''Thor'', rather than ''Ódin'' and ''Thór'', for the same reason. I realize now that I should also have rendered the Old Norse name ''Óláfr'' as ''Olaf'' rather than ''Óláf'' and will make that change at some time. User:Jallan 04:08, 12 Nov 2004 (UTC) :Thank you Jallan! I wished I would have found these informations earlier. Regards [[User:Gangleri|:Gangleri | :Gangleri | [ Th]]] 05:06, 2004 Nov 12 (UTC) ::*I laud any effort towards consistency (e.g. Saga names). Much could be improved! ::*I am pro-Unicode ;o) certainly the o-hook may have legitimate uses in articles, but ::*since ''The hooked o ( ǫ ) is almost always rendered as ö
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
N
NA | NB | NC | ND | NE | NF | NG | NH | NI | NJ | NK | NL | NM | NO | NP | NR | NS | NT | NU | NW | NX | NY | NZ |Words begining with Norse_saga:
Norse_Saga
Norse_Saga
Norse_saga
Norse_saga
Norse_sagas
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