The Federal Republic of Nigeria is a country in West Africa. It is the most populous country in Africa. It borders on Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, Niger in the north and the Gulf of Guinea in the south. Major cities include the capital Abuja, the former capital Lagos, Abeokuta, Ibadan, Osogbo, Ilesha, Port Harcourt, Enugu, Kano, Kaduna, Jos, and Benin City. The country's name is unrelated to its African heritage; it was proposed by a ''The Times'' article in 1897. {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+Federal Republic of Nigeria |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | align="center" width="140px" | | align="center" width="140px" | |- | align="center" width="140px" | (Flag of Nigeria) | align="center" width="140px" | (Full size) |} |- | align=center style="vertical-align: top;" colspan=2 | ''National motto: Unity and Strength, Peace and Progress'' |- | align=center colspan=2 style="background: #ffffff;" | |- | Official language | English language |- | Capital | Abuja |- | Largest city | Lagos |- | President of Nigeria | Olusegun Obasanjo |- | Area
- Total
- % water | List of countries by area
923,768 square kilometre
1.4% |- | Population
- Total (2004)
- Population density | List of countries by population
133,881,703
147/km² |- | Independence
- Date | From the United Kingdom
October 1 1960 |- | Currency | Naira |- | Time zone | Coordinated Universal Time +1 |- | National anthem | Arise O Compatriots, Nigeria's Call Obey |- | Top-level domain | .ng |- | List of country calling codes | 234 |} == History == ''Main article: History of Nigeria'' The Kanem-Bornu Empire near Lake Chad dominated northern Nigeria for over 600 years, prospering as a terminal of north-south trade between North African Berbers and forest people. In the early 19th century, Usman dan Fodio brought most areas in the north under the loose control of an Islamic empire centered in Sokoto. The kingdoms of Oyo in the southwest and kingdom of Benin in the southeast both developed elaborate systems of political organization in the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries. Ife and Benin are noted for their prized artistic works in ivory, wood, bronze, and brass. In the 17th through 19th centuries, European traders established coastal ports for the increasing traffic in slaves destined for the American continent. Commodity trade replaced slave trade in the 19th century. The Royal Niger Company was chartered by the United Kingdom government in 1886. Nigeria became a British protectorate in 1901, and a colony in 1914. In response to the growth of Nigerian nationalism following World War II, the British moved the colony towards self-government on a federal basis. Nigeria was granted full independence in 1960, as a federation of three regions, each retaining a substantial measure of self-government. In 1966, two successive coups by different groups of army officers brought the country under military rule. The leaders of the second coup tried to increase the power of the federal government, and replaced the regional governments with 12 state governments. The Igbo, the dominant ethnic group in the eastern region, declared independence as the Republic of Biafra in 1967 following a pogrom in the northern states that led to the extermination of 30,000 Igbos. Following the creation of Biafra, war broke out with the Federal Government. Under Brigadiers Adekunle, Obasanjo and Murtala Mohammed a systematic and amphibous battle plan that comprised saturated air bombings and starvation forced the Biafran rebels to capitulate. On the 15 of January, left with the choice of surrender and the total destruction of the Biafran populace, Philip Effiong, Chief of Staff of the rebel army accepted the terms of surrender before Yakubu Gowon, Head of the Northern dominated federal government. In 1975, a bloodless coup swept Gowon aside and brought Murtala Ramat Mohammed to power, who promised a return to civilian rule. However, he was killed in an abortive coup, and succeeded by his chief of staff, Olusegun Obasanjo. A new constitution was drafted in 1977, and elections were held in 1979, which were won by Shehu Shagari. Nigeria returned to military government in 1983, by a coup which established the Supreme Military Council as the country's new ruling body. Chief M.K.O. Abiola won the June 12, 1993 Presidential Election, which was canceled by the military government of General Ibrahim Babangida. An Interim National Government was set up, headed by Chief Ernest Shonekan. The Government was declared illegal and unconstitutional by a High Court, and General Sani Abacha took power. He imprisoned Chief M.K.O. Abiola and looted the National Treasury. Many people were assassinated and numerous others cannot be accounted for under the reign of Babangida and Abacha; among the noted is Ken Saro-Wiwa. Ken Saro-Wiwa was an internationally well-known and respected journalist whose assassination shocked many both in and outside the world of journalism. His family later went to trial and brought charges against the Nigerian government through the New York City court system. Abacha's reign of terror came to an end when he died suddenly and in 1998 Abdulsalami Abubakar became leader of the Provisional Ruling Council. He lifted the suspension of the 1979 constitution, and was set to release Chief M.K.O. Abiola the winner of the 1993 Election before the latter died in July 1998 from what international medical experts initially described as natural causes; later this was changed to death from poisonous substance. Court cases since Abiola's death have brought to light that his tea was poisoned. In 1999, Nigeria elected Olusegun Obasanjo as President in its first elections in 16 years. Obasanjo and his party also won the turbulent elections of 2003. Although having won the election, Obasanjo has had a love-hate relationship with the Nigerian people. With the killing of Justice Bola Ige, an advocate for peace, justice and openness, many doubt the success of Nigeria's democratic dream; particularly, with the ever daunting 2007 election around the corner. Many people fear the return of Babangida for he is known as the Idi Amin of Nigeria for a reason. == Politics == ''Main article: Politics of Nigeria'' Nigeria is a Federal Republic, comprising 36 states plus the Federal Capital Territory of Abuja. == States == :''Main article: States of Nigeria'' :''For traditional states, see Nigerian traditional states'' Nigeria is divided into 36 states and 1 territory. Each state has a unicameral House of Assembly and an elected Governor, who appoints an Executive Council. CIA's ''The World Factbook'')]] ''Main article: Geography of Nigeria'' Nigeria is located on the Gulf of Guinea. Its major cities are located in southern lowlands. The central part of the country contains hills and plateaus. The north consists of arid plains. Its neighboring countries are Benin, Niger, Chad and Cameroon. Forest and woodland occurs chiefly in the southern third of the country, which is affected by seasonal rains from the Atlantic Ocean which occur from June to September. As one progresses northward the country becomes drier and the vegetation more savanna in type. The northern third of the country forms part of the semi-arid sahel region on the fringes of the Sahara desert. Nigeria is divided roughly in three by the rivers Niger River and Benue, which flow through the country from north-east and north-west to meet roughly in the centre of the country near the new capital city of Abuja. From here the united rivers flow south to the sea at the Niger delta. === Cities === ''Main article: List of cities in Nigeria'' The principal cities of Nigeria are: {| align=center | * Aba, Nigeria * Abuja * Abeokuta * Ado Ekiti * Akure * Asaba * Badagri * Benin City * Calabar * Ede, Nigeria | * Enugu * Ibadan * Ife * Ilorin * Ijebu Ode * Iseyin * Ilesha * Iwo * Jos * Kano | * Kaduna * Katsina * Lagos * Makurdi * Maiduguri * Ogbomoso * Ondo * Osogbo * Onitsha * Ore | * Ota * Owerri * Oyo * Owo * Port Harcourt * Shagamu * Sokoto * Saki * Umuahia * Uyo * Warri, Nigeria | * Yola, Nigeria * Zaria, Nigeria |} == Economy == ''Main article: Economy of Nigeria'' The oil-rich Nigerian economy, long hobbled by political instability, corruption, and poor macroeconomic management, is undergoing substantial economic reform under the new civilian administration. Nigeria's former military rulers failed to diversify the economy away from overdependence on the capital-intensive oil sector, which provides 20% of GDP, 95% of foreign exchange earnings, and about 65% of budgetary revenues. The largely subsistence agricultural sector has not kept up with rapid population growth, and Nigeria, once a large net exporter of food, now must import food. Mineral resources include petroleum, coal and tin. Agricultural products include groundnuts, palm oil, cocoa, citrus Fruits, maize, millet, cassava, yams and sugar cane. Although it has gained notoriety for such a trade, Nigeria is home to the majority of advance fee fraud scammers. It is estimated that anywhere between 100,000 and 300,000 scammers operate out of Nigeria, although many are found elsewhere in the world. Advance fee fraud, also known as "419" after the section of the Nigerian legal code that deals with it, typically accounts for a large majority of all money transfers to the region, and plays a sizable role in the economics of key cities such as Lagos. While in recent years many other countries have had problems with this sort of con, Nigeria remains the center of this type of scam. Nigerian government is known for its murder of environmentalists. Between 1993 and 1996, 2000 Ogonis were killed in the Niger Delta, including poet and activist Ken Saro-Wiwa. == Demographics == ''Main article: Demographics of Nigeria'' The most populous country in Africa, Nigeria accounts for approximately one-fifth of Africa's people. Although less than 25% of Nigerians are urban dwellers, at least 24 cities have populations of more than 100,000. The variety of customs, languages, and traditions among Nigeria's 250 ethnic groups gives the country a rich diversity. The dominant ethnic group in the northern part are the Hausa-Fulani, the overwhelming majority of whom are Muslim. Other major ethnic groups of the north are the Nupe, Tiv, and Kanuri. The Yoruba people are predominant in the south. Over half of the Yorubas are Christianity and about a quarter are Islam, with the remainder following mostly traditional beliefs. The predominantly Christian Igbo (people) are the largest ethnic group in the southeast. Catholic Church in Nigeria are the largest denomination, but Church of Nigeria, Pentecostal and other Evangelical denominations are also strong. The Efik, Ibibio/Annang, and Ijaw (the country's fourth-largest ethnic group) communities also comprise a substantial segment of the population in that area. Persons of different language backgrounds most commonly communicate in English, although knowledge of two or more Nigerian languages is widespread. Hausa, Yoruba, and Igbo are the most widely used Nigerian languages. In recent years there have been sporadic clashes between Christian and Muslim groups, particularly in the North of the country, where there has been (possibly micro-politically induced) pressure to introduce Islamic Sharia law. One issue which has been complicated by political chaos has been the effort of the World Health Organization to eradicate polio worldwide. Northern Nigeria was the location of half of all documented polio cases in 2003, but Muslim clerics have repeatedly inveighed against the vaccine as an effort by Westerners to sterilization (surgical procedure) young Nigerian Muslim girls. The national vaccination program was suspended in several states in August of 2003, and the disease nearly quintupled in frequency (119 cases in first quarter 2004, vs. 24 in 2003). By May of 2004, polio was reported to have spread from there to several other African nations which had previously been declared polio-free. On May 18, the state of Kano agreed to resume vaccination programs using vaccines produced in Indonesia, not the United States. [http://news.ft.com/servlet/ContentServer?pagename=FT.com/StoryFT/FullStory&c=StoryFT&cid=1084907670277] ===Education=== Colleges: The major Universities in Nigeria are listed below *University of Lagos *Lagos State University *University of Ibadan *University of Agric, abeokuta *Ogun State University *Covenant University *Bowen University *Ladoke Akintola University, Ogbomoso *Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo *Ondo State University *Wesley University, Ondo *Federal University of Technology Akure *City University, Ibadan *Redeemer University, Ede *University of Ilorin, Ilorin *Obafemi Awolowo Universtiy, Ile Ife *Babcork University, Iwo *Cetep University, Lagos *Pan Africa University, Lekki, Pan Africa University Lagos *University of Ado Ekiti *Bell University of Technology, Badagry,lagos *Crawford University, Oye, Ekiti *Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ikeji-Arakeji *Crescent University, Abeokuta, Ogun State *The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Oyo State *The Federal Polytechnic, Idah, Benue State == Culture == ''Main article: Culture of Nigeria'' *Music of Nigeria *List of African writers (by country)#Nigeria *Islam in Nigeria == See also == *Nigerian civil war *History of Nigeria *Demographics of Nigeria *Military of Nigeria *Communications in Nigeria *Transportation in Nigeria *Foreign relations of Nigeria *List of Presidents of Nigeria *Advance fee fraud *Holidays in Nigeria === Culture and religion === *[http://www.Naijaradio.cjb.net:8000/listen.pls Listen Naija Radio] *[http://www.nigeriaplanet.tk Nigeria Radio] *Music of Nigeria *Catholic Church in Nigeria *Yoruba Mythology *Igbo mythology *Islam in Nigeria *Sharia === Ethnic groups === *Yoruba *Igbo (people) *Hausa people == External links == ===Government=== *[http://www.nigeria.gov.ng/ Nigerian Government] official site *[http://www.nigeriacongress.org/ Nigeria Congress] official site *[http://www.nopa.net/ Nopa Net] official presidential site *[http://www.un.int/nigeria/test/ Mission of Nigeria to the United Nations] government information and links ===News=== *[http://allafrica.com/nigeria/ allAfrica - Nigeria] news headline links *[http://www.ngrguardiannews.com/ The Guardian] daily newspaper *[http://www.newswatchngr.com/ Newswatch] weekly magazine *[http://www.thisdayonline.com/ This Day] independent daily newspaper *[http://www.vanguardngr.com/ Vanguard] daily ===Overviews=== *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1064557.stm BBC News - Country Profile: ''Nigeria''] *[http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ni.html CIA World Factbook - ''Nigeria''] *[http://countrystudies.us/nigeria/ Library of Congress - Country Study: ''Nigeria''] ===Directories=== *[http://search.looksmart.com/p/browse/us1/us317836/us317916/us559898/us559899/us10065674/us559941/ LookSmart - ''Nigeria''] directory category *[http://dmoz.org/Regional/Africa/Nigeria/ Open Directory Project - ''Nigeria''] directory category *[http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/nigeria.html Stanford University - Africa South of the Sahara: ''Nigeria''] directory category *[http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Country_Specific/Nigeria.html University of Pennsylvania - African Studies Center: ''Nigeria''] directory category *[http://dir.yahoo.com/Regional/Countries/Nigeria/ Yahoo! - ''Nigeria''] directory category ===Tourism=== * ===Other=== * [http://www.nigeriaplanet.tk Pictures from Nigeria] * [http://nigeriacom.cjb.net Pictures from Nigeria] * [http://photogallery.nigeriannation.com/ Pictures from Nigeria] * [http://www.geocities.com/seelagos Picture of Lagos] * [http://www.geocities.com/seeibadan Picture of Ibadan] * [http://www.geocities.com/seelagos1 Picture of Abuja] * [http://www.geocities.com/seekano1 Picture of Kano] * [http://www.geocities.com/nigeriacities Picture of other Nigeria cities] *[http://www.nigeriannation.com Nigerian Nation] portal *[http://www.nigeriaplanet.tk Nigeria Planet] portal *[http://www.onlinenigeria.com Online Nigeria] portal *[http://www.nairaland.com Nairaland] discussion forum for Nigerians *[http://nwr.cowblock.net/ Nigerian Weblog Ring] African Union member states Nigeria Peace and Security Council ang:Nigeria gd:Nigeria ka:ნიგერია li:Nigeria ms:Nigeria nds:Nigeria simple:Nigeria yo:Nigeria
__TOC__ ''An event mentioned in this article is an Template:October 1 selected anniversaries.'' --- I feel something needs to be said about the overwhelming number of scammers using Nigeria as their base, but I'm not sure whether the paragraph I just added is fair to Nigeria. Does anyone have any concrete information on just what makes the country so popular a choice with scammers? User:Brian Kendig 19:20, 12 Apr 2004 (UTC) :That'd indeed be quite interesting. One reason might be that Nigeria is a poor nation that has a lot of English speakers, but that can't be the only reason. This has been going on a long time, and the online form is only a modern incarnation. I wonder what the history of this is... User:Martijn faassen 19:43, 21 Apr 2004 (UTC) ---- I notice a mistake on this site the Hausa are not @/3 of Nigeria population , and they are not 2/3 of Nigeria land too, Abiola Lapite is just a fraud. He is of Hausa tribe, given wrong information to the world. When in the world, 16% of a population equal 2/3 of a population. or 1/5 land space equal 2/3... Please note he is wrong. User:YorubaMan :YorubaMan, unfortunately the way you contribute (with personal attacks) is not really making it very likely that others will take you very seriously. In contrast, Abiola Lapite seems articulate and a lot more polite. You will be more convincing if you become more like him. User:Martijn faassen 19:43, 21 Apr 2004 (UTC) ---- With regards to the edits that Special:Contributions/YorubaMan insists on repeatedly inserting into the articles on Nigeria and the Yoruba, a few points need to be made. *The first is that there is no question that the former Northern Nigeria, the region that constitutes that portion of Nigeria above the Niger and Benue rivers, does indeed constitute 2/3 of the country's landmass. *The second point that needs reiterating is that in the 2/3 of Nigeria's landmass under discussion, the Hausa people and the Fulani (originally separate groups, and still so elsewhere in West Africa, but increasingly merged in Northern Nigeria since the Sokoto jihad of Usman dan Fodio), do indeed constitute the dominant group. This is a point no serious individual could possibly dispute. *The third point that must be made is that there is not a *single* census in Nigeria's history that has ever put forward the claim that the Yoruba are the single largest ethnic group within that country, and to insist that the 1963 census (which, by the way, was just as disputed as all of those to follow, contrary to YorubaMan's claims) stated anything of the sort is simply a falsehood. The Hausa on their own were about the same in numbers as the Yoruba, while the Fulani consituted an additional 8 percent of Nigeria's population according to the census in question; the arithmetic is totally at variance with YorubaMan's claims, and this is one reason I labelled what he was doing propaganda. *The fourth point that must be taken into account is that this arithmetic is also supported by the CIA World Factbook's entry on Nigeria, which states that the Hausa/Fulani together constitute 30% of the country's population. It was to provide at least one source anyone could look up that I added a link to the Factbook page on Nigeria at the bottom of the article. *The fifth point that I must state is that calling others "frauds", and worse still, "Omo ale", "Ole" and "Oloriburuku" in the (evidently well-founded) hope that sysops, being non-Yoruba speakers, wouldn't pick up on just how abusive such language is, does not in any way mark one out as a constructive individual, while inserting the claim that the Hausa are "lazy" and "dirty" into the article about them is simply vandalism by Wikipedia's own definition of the term. For someone with whom I have no personal acquaintance whatsoever to accuse me of being "of Hausa tribe" is really quite astonishing, and I don't mean that in a good way; this is hardly the stuff of which credibility is made, is it? *The sixth point to be made is that creating an orphan entry for Odua republic, a term used only by Yoruba separatists, and then filling said entry with a duplicate of the stuff one wishes could have gone into the main article on the Yoruba, without in any way providing an indication that the very phrase Odua Republic isn't standard usage outside of an extreme minority, is as blatant a sign that one's intention is propaganda as it is possible to give. I'm doubtful people would be equally tolerant of someone creating an entry for a hypothetical Republic of Quebec and treating it as if it were an article about an actually existing political entity. Taken as a whole, I'd say that the Wikipedia admins have erred ''well'' on the side of tolerance of YorubaMan's activities, too far in fact, and as an individual with other things on my plate I need to attend to, I'm not inclined to indefinitely put forward time and energy maintaining the integrity of articles in the face of insult and profanity-laden assaults by trolls and ethnocentric propagandists, and to treat YorubaMan and I as if we were equally of benign intentions is a notion I find quite risible. YorubaMan clearly can't string a grammatical sentence together, doesn't really comprehend English at all well (witness his continued misinterpretation of the sentence about the Hausa-Fulani), has displayed little evidence of understanding the concept of evidence-based argument, and really ought to have been blocked ages ago. I'd be most astonished if he were able to muster a reasoned defense of his actions that didn't rely on profanities and was backed by reference to some actual evidence anyone could look up. User:Abiola Lapite 11:42, 24 Apr 2004 (UTC) "The dominant ethnic group in the northern two-thirds of the country is the Hausa-Fulani" Here is where I have problem with that page. I do believe the so call Abiola Lapite is a false,because Lapite is not a Yoruba name. I am Yoruba and I do believe no yoruba person would support fraud. The statement not true above. There were census figure conducted and most of them, were incorrect. And this inaccurate fgure can not be use to determine Nigeria population. the 1988 census was never accepted, it was the 1963 census that is still been used. And the 1963 census put the Yoruba has the major ethnic group in Nigeria. I have live in Katsina. And travel wide and far in the state. There is not way that Kastina state can be more populated than Oyo state. I am not from Oyo state , by I have Also been to Oyo state. Ibadan only is 7 times the size of Katsina, but we have a census figure than says otherwise. Why should I accept that. there are only 5 secondary school in Kastina town and over 60 in Ibadan. Please check Unesco page for more information. there are only 884 village in Katsian and 2418 villages and town in OYo state. No town in Katsina state is has populated than Ogbomosho in Katsina state. I am willing to pay N100,000 to you and also pay for your trip to visit this two state and including accomodation and we would shoot video of the state and picture, and paste it on this site. But just for now, let us use the 1988 census as a study point. Table 3. Number of Facilities Offering Family Planning Services or Supplies, by State and Population: Abia 2,297,978 Adamawa 2,124,049 Akwa Ibom 2,359,736 Anambra 2,767,903 Bauchi 4,294,413 Benue 2,780,298 Borno 2,596,589 Cross River 1,865,604 Delta 2,570,181 Edo 2,159,848 Enugu 3,161,295 Imo 2,485,499 Jigawa 2,829,929 Kaduna 3,969,252 Kano 5,632,040 Katsina 3,878,344 Kebbi 2,062,226 Kogi 2,099,046 Kwara 1,566,469 Lagos 5,685,781 Niger 2,482,367 Ogun 2,338,570 Ondo 3,884,485 Osun 2,203,016 Oyo 3,488,789 Plateau 3,283,704 Rivers 3,983,857 Sokoto 4,392,391 Tarabab 1,480,590 Yobe 1,411,481 Abuja FCT 378,671 NIGERIA TOTAL 88,514,501 If you had up the Hausa/fulani figure you have less than 30%. And to correct you there is no ethnic group like Hausa /fulani. They are seperate from each other. the fulani are less than 6 million . while the hausa are less than 18 million. In land area the Hausa and fulani land area when combine is just 1/5 of the land Area. And your statement claim it is 2/3. Plateau,Adamawa, Niger, Kogi, Kwara, benue, borno , and Yobe are not fulani and hausa land. so in term of land space, your statement is wrong, and also in term of population. Please note that the section on question is talking about population. I would I posted all the name of villages and town of katsina and Oyo state just to prove my point on this site. but I believe there is not need. User:YorubaMan *Well, there you have it. This self-appointed authority on all things Yoruba sees fit to tell me that I can't possibly of Yoruba ethnicity, and therefore I must not know what I'm talking about; how's that for convincing argument? The rest of his points are similarly underwhelming, as the only thing they illustrate is that his command of English is marginal at best. This guy is a troll, and if none of the admins care enough about accuracy to put an end to his activities, I'm throwing in the towel and moving on. Life is too short for this nonsense. User:Abiola Lapite 20:38, 24 Apr 2004 (UTC) :YorubaMan, you say that the "1988 census was never accepted" and that the data you are quoting is from the 1988 census. But the table you are quoting is from [http://www.africa2000.com/PNDX/JHU-nigeria2.html http://www.africa2000.com/PNDX/JHU-nigeria2.html], a web site about family planning which says that it includes the 1991 census data. Also, the web site of the Federal Government of Nigeria uses the 1991 census data, as you can see [http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&q=census+site%3Anigeria.gov.ng&btnG=Search here]. :We use only official census data to provide numbers in geographic articles. Please tell us why you think the 1991 census is not accepted. User:Silsor 00:46, Apr 25, 2004 (UTC) There is indeed a long history in Nigeria since 1963 of falsifying census data for political and other advantage. Allegations have long existed in Southern Nigeria that the Hausa dominated muslim north has systematically inflated census figures in order to increase the political representation and funding for the area, and to maintain northern dominance. Many experts consider some of these allegations to be well-founded. xandar :Are there some references for this? Anyway, if we can find some expert confirmation for this we could add a short piece of text saying that the census figures are under some debate. User:Martijn faassen 23:05, 29 Apr 2004 (UTC) == Population Figures == More accurate population figures can be found here: http://www.onlinenigeria.com/population/ It has the Distribution of the 1991 Population by States in Nigeria and gender. Hope it helps. == Advance fee fraud == In asnwer to Martijin's question of the history of Nigerian "419" Advance fee fraud, this was perfected (in large part in Lagos) by Nigerians preying on other Nigerians, and once faxes became common, in the U.S. This has been going onfor decades, and only with e-mail has it become so well known. Millions of dollars are lost every year, but the Nigerian Government does make an effort to recover the funds, and in fact do every year. :Interesting. Any references to websites with more info on the early history? I knew it'd been going on for quite a while, as this fraud has been coming in by surface mail for years (at least my father says he received snail mail along these lines years ago). I imagine faxes sped it up quite a bit, and email again radically so. User:Martijn faassen 20:57, 3 May 2004 (UTC) == Major Cities in Nigeria == Currently the list includes "Abuja, Lagos, Abeokuta, Ibadan, Port Harcourt." Abeokuta is a relativly minor city, and Kano, and Jos, and possibly Katsina should be added. These are major cities in the northern region, as well as ancient sites of cultural relevance. Jos, as an aside, is short for "Jesus Our Savior." And a relativly recent city. I would disagree with you, Abeokuta is more populated than Katsina.. and Jos... FOR MARTIJn Here is a prove of the fruad commited in the census :Evidence, arguments; one can only prove things in mathematics. Thank you for this information! I'm not sure how to evaluate this by myself; can anyone else comment? User:Martijn faassen 20:57, 3 May 2004 (UTC) 1988 census was wrong, Here are the correct figure below -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Let us see the figure Katsina State(hausa) 3,878,344 with 24192 sq Km,land area Kano state(hausa) 5.6m with land 20,760 Sq. Km land area Oyo State(Yoruba) 3,488,789 with 28454 sq km land area From this figure IBB claim that Kano and Katsina are more populated than Oyo state. That is not true. From above you can see that Oyo state has more land space than Kano and katsina.. Please note the second biggest city in Nigeria is Ibadan in Oyo state, after lagos(yoruba). To back up our claim here are the villages and town in Katsina, Kano and Oyo. Katsina state has 899 villages and town Kano state has 1141 villages and town Oyo state has 2135 villages and town. Here below are name of villages and town and cities in Katsina, Kano and Oyo state http://www.angelfire.com/jazz/nigeriakatsina/ http://www.angelfire.com/jazz/nigeria/Nigeriakano http://www.angelfire.com/jazz/nigeriaoyo/ Northern Towns. Here is example of IBB claim. example is bebeji town, IBB claim this town have 58,000 people, Please see this town and tell me if it as 58,000. http://www.hausavoices.com/pictures/bbj.htm http://www.hausavoices.com/cards/village.jpg :I see these images, but it is not hard to get rustic scenery from most larger towns at the outskirts, and it is to be expected nostalgic and tourist pictures will show such rustic parts. Quite apart from that, wikipedia is not aiming to our own personal evaluations in these articles, but to summarize and discuss existing data and opinions. User:Martijn faassen 20:57, 3 May 2004 (UTC) http://www.motherlandnigeria.com/pictures/new_post10.jpg http://www.motherlandnigeria.com/pictures/traditional_granery_in_north.jpg http://www.motherlandnigeria.com/pictures/herdsman2.jpg :These seem to be picturesque pictures of northern nigeria. I can hunt up picturesque pictures of the Netherlands too, but that doesn't show there are not 15 million people living here. User:Martijn faassen 20:57, 3 May 2004 (UTC) They refuse to allow a National ID card because it was going to carry on it picture, Can you believe that. :I'm not sure I understand what you mean here. Could you explain? User:Martijn faassen 20:57, 3 May 2004 (UTC) * Articles on Census inaccuracies in Nigeria: http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/nigeria/nigeria54.html http://www.centralstate.edu/africanstudies/ed092794.html http://allafrica.com/stories/200404270711.html http://www.newint.org/issue337/profile.htm :These articles are very interesting, thanks! Here's my summary and some analysis. :The first one indicates the 1991 census is a new attempt that hopefully will help clear up matters. :The second article is written a few years after the 1991 census and states that the previous census was wrong, but the one in 1991 is assumed to be correct. And implies it was influenced by regional distribution of money by population count, which would encourage inflating figures. Didn't we include figures of the 1991 census? :The third article is written recently and is talking about the buildup to a new 2005 census to update the figures of 1991. It talks about how such census is often seen as a popularity contest. :The fourth and last article summarizes the whole issue as such: "Census figures are hotly contested because, given the ethnically polarized state of Nigerian society, the various regions have always tried to massage population figures to ensure that they have a greater say in how political and economic largess is dispensed." :It seems this debate has spilled over onto wikipedia. :My recommendation is that we put something about the census controversy on the main page. The total population figure seems to be disputed according to the second article (I do not know if the current numbers are controversial though). In particular it seems clear that regional figures are also debated. The 1991 census seems to be less controversial than earlier ones, but perhaps I evaluate this wrong. Do I understand it correctly that it has regional figures? :I would also say we can't ''conclude'' anything from the controversy of the census; we certainly can't come up with new numbers of our own. We should still base our data on the best census available, but we should mention that this is debated. User:Martijn faassen 20:57, 3 May 2004 (UTC) ABOUT THE CENSUS FIGURE Mr Martijn faassen, the 1991 is controversial, in one of the links provider, you can see that THE UNITED NATION, did not believe the 1991 population figure, because Nigeria claimed that Nigerian did not have baby for about a year and that 5 million death rate in only year... So the figure is not acceptable.... You see take for example Katsina state, In today Katsina state there are only 899 villages and towns in the state, but another state with a nearly three times the number of villages and towns and which also contain the second largest cities in Nigeria is said to be less populated ... you see ... Ibadan is at lease seven the size of katsina city, .. and when you put together the first biggest cities in Katsina, they can not cover the same land space as Ibadan... This is record of fact and figure..... You can drive for more than 1 hour in katsina and you would never meet any villages and person. Katsina state is inside the famours Sahara desert, ( please type Katsina on google.com and you see the result...))Read article one of the people that live in the desert.. http://www.mtrustonline.com/dailytrust/shelterbelt08102003.htm It is only in Nigeria where about 50 million is said to leave in the desert. there is no other country. It is only in Nigeria, that there are more people living in the desert than in tropic region... I have live in this desert, the place is unhuman suitable to live and very few people live there..I am telling you from my experience... It is like living in the northern region of canada, Nanuvat...very few people live there. Now imagine the people of Nanuvat claiming, that they are more than the people in ontario which have better weather..for political motive and will you believe that. Climatic conditional affect population, it is only in nigeria that unfavour Climatic condition increases population... :Any progress on the census debate? YorubaMan yes here is a progress I have a website of the Nigeria postal service for you.. I just want to show how incorrect the above census figure and past figure have been . In 2003 , the Nigeria postal service had to code all street , town and villages in nigeria... And you would see from their website that the Hausa/fulani villages and town .. can not justify their so call population.. cities like lagos with about 7000 street is said to have about the same population with cities like kano with only about 500 street.. that is what is wrong with Nigeria.. while a city like ogun state with over 4000 town , villages is said to be less populated than katsina state with 889 villages.. Please when on the site take note of the number of street in katsina and compare with the number of street in Ijebu ode , sagbamu or other street in Ogun state... Please also see the over 3000 of villages and town in Kwara state ( another yoruba state ) and compare with Jigawa state 825 villages and town., please note the street.. and compare, while they claim that Kwara is 1.5 million , and Jigawa was 2.7 million.. Ilorin is over 0.5 million.. Ilorin have a total of 36 high school.. while the capital of jigawa which is the larger of the town in the state has only 4 high school.. Please note also Ondo, Ogun, Oyo, Lagos , Kwara,Osun , Ekiti and west part of kogi are Yoruba please do the calculation in term of the number of villages , town and cities.. While the hausa/fulani portion is Jigawa, kano, kebbi, katsina, Bauchi, zamfara. sokoto, Gombe and North part of Kaduna state . Please count the number of street on each state , all major cities are included... The others state are minority state.. Please that the head of the nigeria postal service is an hausa fulani. but he still put up this name of villages and street. http://www.nigpost.com ---- Also, could someone put in a link to Nigerian Civil War ? xandar == Machetes? == In the article machete, an anonymous user made the following edit 4 months ago: :The Nigerian Armed Forces have been reviewing the possibility of using the Machete as their standard weapon in their new conscript army of 5,000,000 troops. This seems to me to be rather improbable. Hopefully someone watching this article may know: is there any likelihood that this may may be true? User:Securiger 08:59, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC) == Coat of Arms == I did a double take, having not been to Nigeria since 1985. Apparently, the national Motto has changed since then. The coat of arms on this page shows the old one. It needs to be changed. Please see [http://www.nigeria.gov.ng/aboutnigeria/coatofarms.htm the current one on the government's website].User:IFaqeer—User:IFaqeer User talk:IFaqeer 00:15, Nov 20, 2004 (UTC) To know more about the the Nigeria Coat of arms see the article "National Symbols" at http://www.onlinenigeria.com/links/adv.asp?blurb=72 http://www.onlinenigeria.com/links/coatArmNig2.gif OnlineNigeria.com: The black shield represents the fertile soil while the silvery bands denote the Niger and Benue rivers which form the main inland waterways in the country. The coctus spectabifis is a colourful flower which grows wild in Nigeria. The eagle stands for strength and the chargers symbolise dignity. The national mott originally "Peace, Unity, Freedom" was changed the to "Unity and Faith, Peace and Progress" in 1978. == Africa-related regional notice board == I have created Wikipedia:Africa-related regional notice board.User:IFaqeer—User:IFaqeer User talk:IFaqeer 05:41, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC) == Lagos clarity == There's a discussion going in the Lagos discussion page about reorganizing and/or clarifying the entries for Lagos and Lagos State. I wanted to post this here so others could participate. == British Protectorate == I noticed that the date for becoming a protectorate has been listed in both 1900 and 1901 for January 1. Other web resources lean toward 1900, but I don't think it's conclusive enough for me to jump in and edit the Nigeria page or the yearly almanac pages, since I know not much about this topic. == Map == A controversy has erupted over the choice of map for this article. The two candidates are shown here, along with any others that other Wikipedians may choose to enter. Feel free to make any comments. The lower map may also appear in the corresponding Geography article for this country. User:Kelisi 16:38, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC) The lower one will of course be reduced, but could be enlarged by clicking. User:Kelisi 16:38, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC) For various Nigeria Maps at OnlineNigeria.com, see http://www.onlinenigeria.com/maps/ You have maps from 1900 to the present. ==Article Damian Ohanyido Okoli needs verification== The article Damian Ohanyido Okoli (1932-1998) has been referred to Wikipedia:Votes for deletion mainly because it hasn't been independently verified. If anyone has source information for anything in this article (particularly the basic facts of the man's life), could you please have a look at the article and edit it? --User:Tony Sidaway|User talk:Tony Sidaway 21:10, 26 May 2005 (UTC) == Intro == the introduction states that Nigeria is the world's most populous 'black' country. true, however and this may seem mundane and not worth mentioning but .. the term 'black' seems loaded and if i may intellectually misleading. black does not neccessarily mean African. i havent come across a blacker person than vijay singh, perhaps except john garang - but thats neither here or there. would 'the world's most populous ''African'' nation' not seem more proper? franz fanon :I agree. It is a Western perspective. ''The term Blacks is often used in the West'' (from Blacks). I'm going to be bold and delete it. If revived, it should link to Blacks. User:Dosai 19:05, 31 May 2005 (UTC) == Link to AbujaMobile.com == the link to abujamobile.com has been moved to [Communications in Nigeria], where it should be, because abujamobile is a pure mobile phone forum. Please note. == Link to AbujaMobile.com == the link to abujamobile.com has been moved to Communications in Nigeria, where it should be, because abujamobile is a pure mobile phone forum. Please note.
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Nigeria
The Federal Republic of Nigeria is a country in West Africa. It is the most populous country in Africa. It borders on Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, Niger in the north and the Gulf of Guinea in the south. Major cities include the capital Abuja, the former capital Lagos, Abeokuta, Ibadan, Osogbo, Ilesha, Port Harcourt, Enugu, Kano, Kaduna, Jos, and Benin City. The country's name is unrelated to its African heritage; it was proposed by a ''The Times'' article in 1897. {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+Federal Republic of Nigeria |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | align="center" width="140px" | | align="center" width="140px" | |- | align="center" width="140px" | (Flag of Nigeria) | align="center" width="140px" | (Full size) |} |- | align=center style="vertical-align: top;" colspan=2 | ''National motto: Unity and Strength, Peace and Progress'' |- | align=center colspan=2 style="background: #ffffff;" | |- | Official language | English language |- | Capital | Abuja |- | Largest city | Lagos |- | President of Nigeria | Olusegun Obasanjo |- | Area
- Total
- % water | List of countries by area
923,768 square kilometre
1.4% |- | Population
- Total (2004)
- Population density | List of countries by population
133,881,703
147/km² |- | Independence
- Date | From the United Kingdom
October 1 1960 |- | Currency | Naira |- | Time zone | Coordinated Universal Time +1 |- | National anthem | Arise O Compatriots, Nigeria's Call Obey |- | Top-level domain | .ng |- | List of country calling codes | 234 |} == History == ''Main article: History of Nigeria'' The Kanem-Bornu Empire near Lake Chad dominated northern Nigeria for over 600 years, prospering as a terminal of north-south trade between North African Berbers and forest people. In the early 19th century, Usman dan Fodio brought most areas in the north under the loose control of an Islamic empire centered in Sokoto. The kingdoms of Oyo in the southwest and kingdom of Benin in the southeast both developed elaborate systems of political organization in the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries. Ife and Benin are noted for their prized artistic works in ivory, wood, bronze, and brass. In the 17th through 19th centuries, European traders established coastal ports for the increasing traffic in slaves destined for the American continent. Commodity trade replaced slave trade in the 19th century. The Royal Niger Company was chartered by the United Kingdom government in 1886. Nigeria became a British protectorate in 1901, and a colony in 1914. In response to the growth of Nigerian nationalism following World War II, the British moved the colony towards self-government on a federal basis. Nigeria was granted full independence in 1960, as a federation of three regions, each retaining a substantial measure of self-government. In 1966, two successive coups by different groups of army officers brought the country under military rule. The leaders of the second coup tried to increase the power of the federal government, and replaced the regional governments with 12 state governments. The Igbo, the dominant ethnic group in the eastern region, declared independence as the Republic of Biafra in 1967 following a pogrom in the northern states that led to the extermination of 30,000 Igbos. Following the creation of Biafra, war broke out with the Federal Government. Under Brigadiers Adekunle, Obasanjo and Murtala Mohammed a systematic and amphibous battle plan that comprised saturated air bombings and starvation forced the Biafran rebels to capitulate. On the 15 of January, left with the choice of surrender and the total destruction of the Biafran populace, Philip Effiong, Chief of Staff of the rebel army accepted the terms of surrender before Yakubu Gowon, Head of the Northern dominated federal government. In 1975, a bloodless coup swept Gowon aside and brought Murtala Ramat Mohammed to power, who promised a return to civilian rule. However, he was killed in an abortive coup, and succeeded by his chief of staff, Olusegun Obasanjo. A new constitution was drafted in 1977, and elections were held in 1979, which were won by Shehu Shagari. Nigeria returned to military government in 1983, by a coup which established the Supreme Military Council as the country's new ruling body. Chief M.K.O. Abiola won the June 12, 1993 Presidential Election, which was canceled by the military government of General Ibrahim Babangida. An Interim National Government was set up, headed by Chief Ernest Shonekan. The Government was declared illegal and unconstitutional by a High Court, and General Sani Abacha took power. He imprisoned Chief M.K.O. Abiola and looted the National Treasury. Many people were assassinated and numerous others cannot be accounted for under the reign of Babangida and Abacha; among the noted is Ken Saro-Wiwa. Ken Saro-Wiwa was an internationally well-known and respected journalist whose assassination shocked many both in and outside the world of journalism. His family later went to trial and brought charges against the Nigerian government through the New York City court system. Abacha's reign of terror came to an end when he died suddenly and in 1998 Abdulsalami Abubakar became leader of the Provisional Ruling Council. He lifted the suspension of the 1979 constitution, and was set to release Chief M.K.O. Abiola the winner of the 1993 Election before the latter died in July 1998 from what international medical experts initially described as natural causes; later this was changed to death from poisonous substance. Court cases since Abiola's death have brought to light that his tea was poisoned. In 1999, Nigeria elected Olusegun Obasanjo as President in its first elections in 16 years. Obasanjo and his party also won the turbulent elections of 2003. Although having won the election, Obasanjo has had a love-hate relationship with the Nigerian people. With the killing of Justice Bola Ige, an advocate for peace, justice and openness, many doubt the success of Nigeria's democratic dream; particularly, with the ever daunting 2007 election around the corner. Many people fear the return of Babangida for he is known as the Idi Amin of Nigeria for a reason. == Politics == ''Main article: Politics of Nigeria'' Nigeria is a Federal Republic, comprising 36 states plus the Federal Capital Territory of Abuja. == States == :''Main article: States of Nigeria'' :''For traditional states, see Nigerian traditional states'' Nigeria is divided into 36 states and 1 territory. Each state has a unicameral House of Assembly and an elected Governor, who appoints an Executive Council. CIA's ''The World Factbook'')]] ''Main article: Geography of Nigeria'' Nigeria is located on the Gulf of Guinea. Its major cities are located in southern lowlands. The central part of the country contains hills and plateaus. The north consists of arid plains. Its neighboring countries are Benin, Niger, Chad and Cameroon. Forest and woodland occurs chiefly in the southern third of the country, which is affected by seasonal rains from the Atlantic Ocean which occur from June to September. As one progresses northward the country becomes drier and the vegetation more savanna in type. The northern third of the country forms part of the semi-arid sahel region on the fringes of the Sahara desert. Nigeria is divided roughly in three by the rivers Niger River and Benue, which flow through the country from north-east and north-west to meet roughly in the centre of the country near the new capital city of Abuja. From here the united rivers flow south to the sea at the Niger delta. === Cities === ''Main article: List of cities in Nigeria'' The principal cities of Nigeria are: {| align=center | * Aba, Nigeria * Abuja * Abeokuta * Ado Ekiti * Akure * Asaba * Badagri * Benin City * Calabar * Ede, Nigeria | * Enugu * Ibadan * Ife * Ilorin * Ijebu Ode * Iseyin * Ilesha * Iwo * Jos * Kano | * Kaduna * Katsina * Lagos * Makurdi * Maiduguri * Ogbomoso * Ondo * Osogbo * Onitsha * Ore | * Ota * Owerri * Oyo * Owo * Port Harcourt * Shagamu * Sokoto * Saki * Umuahia * Uyo * Warri, Nigeria | * Yola, Nigeria * Zaria, Nigeria |} == Economy == ''Main article: Economy of Nigeria'' The oil-rich Nigerian economy, long hobbled by political instability, corruption, and poor macroeconomic management, is undergoing substantial economic reform under the new civilian administration. Nigeria's former military rulers failed to diversify the economy away from overdependence on the capital-intensive oil sector, which provides 20% of GDP, 95% of foreign exchange earnings, and about 65% of budgetary revenues. The largely subsistence agricultural sector has not kept up with rapid population growth, and Nigeria, once a large net exporter of food, now must import food. Mineral resources include petroleum, coal and tin. Agricultural products include groundnuts, palm oil, cocoa, citrus Fruits, maize, millet, cassava, yams and sugar cane. Although it has gained notoriety for such a trade, Nigeria is home to the majority of advance fee fraud scammers. It is estimated that anywhere between 100,000 and 300,000 scammers operate out of Nigeria, although many are found elsewhere in the world. Advance fee fraud, also known as "419" after the section of the Nigerian legal code that deals with it, typically accounts for a large majority of all money transfers to the region, and plays a sizable role in the economics of key cities such as Lagos. While in recent years many other countries have had problems with this sort of con, Nigeria remains the center of this type of scam. Nigerian government is known for its murder of environmentalists. Between 1993 and 1996, 2000 Ogonis were killed in the Niger Delta, including poet and activist Ken Saro-Wiwa. == Demographics == ''Main article: Demographics of Nigeria'' The most populous country in Africa, Nigeria accounts for approximately one-fifth of Africa's people. Although less than 25% of Nigerians are urban dwellers, at least 24 cities have populations of more than 100,000. The variety of customs, languages, and traditions among Nigeria's 250 ethnic groups gives the country a rich diversity. The dominant ethnic group in the northern part are the Hausa-Fulani, the overwhelming majority of whom are Muslim. Other major ethnic groups of the north are the Nupe, Tiv, and Kanuri. The Yoruba people are predominant in the south. Over half of the Yorubas are Christianity and about a quarter are Islam, with the remainder following mostly traditional beliefs. The predominantly Christian Igbo (people) are the largest ethnic group in the southeast. Catholic Church in Nigeria are the largest denomination, but Church of Nigeria, Pentecostal and other Evangelical denominations are also strong. The Efik, Ibibio/Annang, and Ijaw (the country's fourth-largest ethnic group) communities also comprise a substantial segment of the population in that area. Persons of different language backgrounds most commonly communicate in English, although knowledge of two or more Nigerian languages is widespread. Hausa, Yoruba, and Igbo are the most widely used Nigerian languages. In recent years there have been sporadic clashes between Christian and Muslim groups, particularly in the North of the country, where there has been (possibly micro-politically induced) pressure to introduce Islamic Sharia law. One issue which has been complicated by political chaos has been the effort of the World Health Organization to eradicate polio worldwide. Northern Nigeria was the location of half of all documented polio cases in 2003, but Muslim clerics have repeatedly inveighed against the vaccine as an effort by Westerners to sterilization (surgical procedure) young Nigerian Muslim girls. The national vaccination program was suspended in several states in August of 2003, and the disease nearly quintupled in frequency (119 cases in first quarter 2004, vs. 24 in 2003). By May of 2004, polio was reported to have spread from there to several other African nations which had previously been declared polio-free. On May 18, the state of Kano agreed to resume vaccination programs using vaccines produced in Indonesia, not the United States. [http://news.ft.com/servlet/ContentServer?pagename=FT.com/StoryFT/FullStory&c=StoryFT&cid=1084907670277] ===Education=== Colleges: The major Universities in Nigeria are listed below *University of Lagos *Lagos State University *University of Ibadan *University of Agric, abeokuta *Ogun State University *Covenant University *Bowen University *Ladoke Akintola University, Ogbomoso *Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo *Ondo State University *Wesley University, Ondo *Federal University of Technology Akure *City University, Ibadan *Redeemer University, Ede *University of Ilorin, Ilorin *Obafemi Awolowo Universtiy, Ile Ife *Babcork University, Iwo *Cetep University, Lagos *Pan Africa University, Lekki, Pan Africa University Lagos *University of Ado Ekiti *Bell University of Technology, Badagry,lagos *Crawford University, Oye, Ekiti *Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ikeji-Arakeji *Crescent University, Abeokuta, Ogun State *The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Oyo State *The Federal Polytechnic, Idah, Benue State == Culture == ''Main article: Culture of Nigeria'' *Music of Nigeria *List of African writers (by country)#Nigeria *Islam in Nigeria == See also == *Nigerian civil war *History of Nigeria *Demographics of Nigeria *Military of Nigeria *Communications in Nigeria *Transportation in Nigeria *Foreign relations of Nigeria *List of Presidents of Nigeria *Advance fee fraud *Holidays in Nigeria === Culture and religion === *[http://www.Naijaradio.cjb.net:8000/listen.pls Listen Naija Radio] *[http://www.nigeriaplanet.tk Nigeria Radio] *Music of Nigeria *Catholic Church in Nigeria *Yoruba Mythology *Igbo mythology *Islam in Nigeria *Sharia === Ethnic groups === *Yoruba *Igbo (people) *Hausa people == External links == ===Government=== *[http://www.nigeria.gov.ng/ Nigerian Government] official site *[http://www.nigeriacongress.org/ Nigeria Congress] official site *[http://www.nopa.net/ Nopa Net] official presidential site *[http://www.un.int/nigeria/test/ Mission of Nigeria to the United Nations] government information and links ===News=== *[http://allafrica.com/nigeria/ allAfrica - Nigeria] news headline links *[http://www.ngrguardiannews.com/ The Guardian] daily newspaper *[http://www.newswatchngr.com/ Newswatch] weekly magazine *[http://www.thisdayonline.com/ This Day] independent daily newspaper *[http://www.vanguardngr.com/ Vanguard] daily ===Overviews=== *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1064557.stm BBC News - Country Profile: ''Nigeria''] *[http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ni.html CIA World Factbook - ''Nigeria''] *[http://countrystudies.us/nigeria/ Library of Congress - Country Study: ''Nigeria''] ===Directories=== *[http://search.looksmart.com/p/browse/us1/us317836/us317916/us559898/us559899/us10065674/us559941/ LookSmart - ''Nigeria''] directory category *[http://dmoz.org/Regional/Africa/Nigeria/ Open Directory Project - ''Nigeria''] directory category *[http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/nigeria.html Stanford University - Africa South of the Sahara: ''Nigeria''] directory category *[http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Country_Specific/Nigeria.html University of Pennsylvania - African Studies Center: ''Nigeria''] directory category *[http://dir.yahoo.com/Regional/Countries/Nigeria/ Yahoo! - ''Nigeria''] directory category ===Tourism=== * ===Other=== * [http://www.nigeriaplanet.tk Pictures from Nigeria] * [http://nigeriacom.cjb.net Pictures from Nigeria] * [http://photogallery.nigeriannation.com/ Pictures from Nigeria] * [http://www.geocities.com/seelagos Picture of Lagos] * [http://www.geocities.com/seeibadan Picture of Ibadan] * [http://www.geocities.com/seelagos1 Picture of Abuja] * [http://www.geocities.com/seekano1 Picture of Kano] * [http://www.geocities.com/nigeriacities Picture of other Nigeria cities] *[http://www.nigeriannation.com Nigerian Nation] portal *[http://www.nigeriaplanet.tk Nigeria Planet] portal *[http://www.onlinenigeria.com Online Nigeria] portal *[http://www.nairaland.com Nairaland] discussion forum for Nigerians *[http://nwr.cowblock.net/ Nigerian Weblog Ring] African Union member states Nigeria Peace and Security Council ang:Nigeria gd:Nigeria ka:ნიგერია li:Nigeria ms:Nigeria nds:Nigeria simple:Nigeria yo:Nigeria
Nigeria
__TOC__ ''An event mentioned in this article is an Template:October 1 selected anniversaries.'' --- I feel something needs to be said about the overwhelming number of scammers using Nigeria as their base, but I'm not sure whether the paragraph I just added is fair to Nigeria. Does anyone have any concrete information on just what makes the country so popular a choice with scammers? User:Brian Kendig 19:20, 12 Apr 2004 (UTC) :That'd indeed be quite interesting. One reason might be that Nigeria is a poor nation that has a lot of English speakers, but that can't be the only reason. This has been going on a long time, and the online form is only a modern incarnation. I wonder what the history of this is... User:Martijn faassen 19:43, 21 Apr 2004 (UTC) ---- I notice a mistake on this site the Hausa are not @/3 of Nigeria population , and they are not 2/3 of Nigeria land too, Abiola Lapite is just a fraud. He is of Hausa tribe, given wrong information to the world. When in the world, 16% of a population equal 2/3 of a population. or 1/5 land space equal 2/3... Please note he is wrong. User:YorubaMan :YorubaMan, unfortunately the way you contribute (with personal attacks) is not really making it very likely that others will take you very seriously. In contrast, Abiola Lapite seems articulate and a lot more polite. You will be more convincing if you become more like him. User:Martijn faassen 19:43, 21 Apr 2004 (UTC) ---- With regards to the edits that Special:Contributions/YorubaMan insists on repeatedly inserting into the articles on Nigeria and the Yoruba, a few points need to be made. *The first is that there is no question that the former Northern Nigeria, the region that constitutes that portion of Nigeria above the Niger and Benue rivers, does indeed constitute 2/3 of the country's landmass. *The second point that needs reiterating is that in the 2/3 of Nigeria's landmass under discussion, the Hausa people and the Fulani (originally separate groups, and still so elsewhere in West Africa, but increasingly merged in Northern Nigeria since the Sokoto jihad of Usman dan Fodio), do indeed constitute the dominant group. This is a point no serious individual could possibly dispute. *The third point that must be made is that there is not a *single* census in Nigeria's history that has ever put forward the claim that the Yoruba are the single largest ethnic group within that country, and to insist that the 1963 census (which, by the way, was just as disputed as all of those to follow, contrary to YorubaMan's claims) stated anything of the sort is simply a falsehood. The Hausa on their own were about the same in numbers as the Yoruba, while the Fulani consituted an additional 8 percent of Nigeria's population according to the census in question; the arithmetic is totally at variance with YorubaMan's claims, and this is one reason I labelled what he was doing propaganda. *The fourth point that must be taken into account is that this arithmetic is also supported by the CIA World Factbook's entry on Nigeria, which states that the Hausa/Fulani together constitute 30% of the country's population. It was to provide at least one source anyone could look up that I added a link to the Factbook page on Nigeria at the bottom of the article. *The fifth point that I must state is that calling others "frauds", and worse still, "Omo ale", "Ole" and "Oloriburuku" in the (evidently well-founded) hope that sysops, being non-Yoruba speakers, wouldn't pick up on just how abusive such language is, does not in any way mark one out as a constructive individual, while inserting the claim that the Hausa are "lazy" and "dirty" into the article about them is simply vandalism by Wikipedia's own definition of the term. For someone with whom I have no personal acquaintance whatsoever to accuse me of being "of Hausa tribe" is really quite astonishing, and I don't mean that in a good way; this is hardly the stuff of which credibility is made, is it? *The sixth point to be made is that creating an orphan entry for Odua republic, a term used only by Yoruba separatists, and then filling said entry with a duplicate of the stuff one wishes could have gone into the main article on the Yoruba, without in any way providing an indication that the very phrase Odua Republic isn't standard usage outside of an extreme minority, is as blatant a sign that one's intention is propaganda as it is possible to give. I'm doubtful people would be equally tolerant of someone creating an entry for a hypothetical Republic of Quebec and treating it as if it were an article about an actually existing political entity. Taken as a whole, I'd say that the Wikipedia admins have erred ''well'' on the side of tolerance of YorubaMan's activities, too far in fact, and as an individual with other things on my plate I need to attend to, I'm not inclined to indefinitely put forward time and energy maintaining the integrity of articles in the face of insult and profanity-laden assaults by trolls and ethnocentric propagandists, and to treat YorubaMan and I as if we were equally of benign intentions is a notion I find quite risible. YorubaMan clearly can't string a grammatical sentence together, doesn't really comprehend English at all well (witness his continued misinterpretation of the sentence about the Hausa-Fulani), has displayed little evidence of understanding the concept of evidence-based argument, and really ought to have been blocked ages ago. I'd be most astonished if he were able to muster a reasoned defense of his actions that didn't rely on profanities and was backed by reference to some actual evidence anyone could look up. User:Abiola Lapite 11:42, 24 Apr 2004 (UTC) "The dominant ethnic group in the northern two-thirds of the country is the Hausa-Fulani" Here is where I have problem with that page. I do believe the so call Abiola Lapite is a false,because Lapite is not a Yoruba name. I am Yoruba and I do believe no yoruba person would support fraud. The statement not true above. There were census figure conducted and most of them, were incorrect. And this inaccurate fgure can not be use to determine Nigeria population. the 1988 census was never accepted, it was the 1963 census that is still been used. And the 1963 census put the Yoruba has the major ethnic group in Nigeria. I have live in Katsina. And travel wide and far in the state. There is not way that Kastina state can be more populated than Oyo state. I am not from Oyo state , by I have Also been to Oyo state. Ibadan only is 7 times the size of Katsina, but we have a census figure than says otherwise. Why should I accept that. there are only 5 secondary school in Kastina town and over 60 in Ibadan. Please check Unesco page for more information. there are only 884 village in Katsian and 2418 villages and town in OYo state. No town in Katsina state is has populated than Ogbomosho in Katsina state. I am willing to pay N100,000 to you and also pay for your trip to visit this two state and including accomodation and we would shoot video of the state and picture, and paste it on this site. But just for now, let us use the 1988 census as a study point. Table 3. Number of Facilities Offering Family Planning Services or Supplies, by State and Population: Abia 2,297,978 Adamawa 2,124,049 Akwa Ibom 2,359,736 Anambra 2,767,903 Bauchi 4,294,413 Benue 2,780,298 Borno 2,596,589 Cross River 1,865,604 Delta 2,570,181 Edo 2,159,848 Enugu 3,161,295 Imo 2,485,499 Jigawa 2,829,929 Kaduna 3,969,252 Kano 5,632,040 Katsina 3,878,344 Kebbi 2,062,226 Kogi 2,099,046 Kwara 1,566,469 Lagos 5,685,781 Niger 2,482,367 Ogun 2,338,570 Ondo 3,884,485 Osun 2,203,016 Oyo 3,488,789 Plateau 3,283,704 Rivers 3,983,857 Sokoto 4,392,391 Tarabab 1,480,590 Yobe 1,411,481 Abuja FCT 378,671 NIGERIA TOTAL 88,514,501 If you had up the Hausa/fulani figure you have less than 30%. And to correct you there is no ethnic group like Hausa /fulani. They are seperate from each other. the fulani are less than 6 million . while the hausa are less than 18 million. In land area the Hausa and fulani land area when combine is just 1/5 of the land Area. And your statement claim it is 2/3. Plateau,Adamawa, Niger, Kogi, Kwara, benue, borno , and Yobe are not fulani and hausa land. so in term of land space, your statement is wrong, and also in term of population. Please note that the section on question is talking about population. I would I posted all the name of villages and town of katsina and Oyo state just to prove my point on this site. but I believe there is not need. User:YorubaMan *Well, there you have it. This self-appointed authority on all things Yoruba sees fit to tell me that I can't possibly of Yoruba ethnicity, and therefore I must not know what I'm talking about; how's that for convincing argument? The rest of his points are similarly underwhelming, as the only thing they illustrate is that his command of English is marginal at best. This guy is a troll, and if none of the admins care enough about accuracy to put an end to his activities, I'm throwing in the towel and moving on. Life is too short for this nonsense. User:Abiola Lapite 20:38, 24 Apr 2004 (UTC) :YorubaMan, you say that the "1988 census was never accepted" and that the data you are quoting is from the 1988 census. But the table you are quoting is from [http://www.africa2000.com/PNDX/JHU-nigeria2.html http://www.africa2000.com/PNDX/JHU-nigeria2.html], a web site about family planning which says that it includes the 1991 census data. Also, the web site of the Federal Government of Nigeria uses the 1991 census data, as you can see [http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&q=census+site%3Anigeria.gov.ng&btnG=Search here]. :We use only official census data to provide numbers in geographic articles. Please tell us why you think the 1991 census is not accepted. User:Silsor 00:46, Apr 25, 2004 (UTC) There is indeed a long history in Nigeria since 1963 of falsifying census data for political and other advantage. Allegations have long existed in Southern Nigeria that the Hausa dominated muslim north has systematically inflated census figures in order to increase the political representation and funding for the area, and to maintain northern dominance. Many experts consider some of these allegations to be well-founded. xandar :Are there some references for this? Anyway, if we can find some expert confirmation for this we could add a short piece of text saying that the census figures are under some debate. User:Martijn faassen 23:05, 29 Apr 2004 (UTC) == Population Figures == More accurate population figures can be found here: http://www.onlinenigeria.com/population/ It has the Distribution of the 1991 Population by States in Nigeria and gender. Hope it helps. == Advance fee fraud == In asnwer to Martijin's question of the history of Nigerian "419" Advance fee fraud, this was perfected (in large part in Lagos) by Nigerians preying on other Nigerians, and once faxes became common, in the U.S. This has been going onfor decades, and only with e-mail has it become so well known. Millions of dollars are lost every year, but the Nigerian Government does make an effort to recover the funds, and in fact do every year. :Interesting. Any references to websites with more info on the early history? I knew it'd been going on for quite a while, as this fraud has been coming in by surface mail for years (at least my father says he received snail mail along these lines years ago). I imagine faxes sped it up quite a bit, and email again radically so. User:Martijn faassen 20:57, 3 May 2004 (UTC) == Major Cities in Nigeria == Currently the list includes "Abuja, Lagos, Abeokuta, Ibadan, Port Harcourt." Abeokuta is a relativly minor city, and Kano, and Jos, and possibly Katsina should be added. These are major cities in the northern region, as well as ancient sites of cultural relevance. Jos, as an aside, is short for "Jesus Our Savior." And a relativly recent city. I would disagree with you, Abeokuta is more populated than Katsina.. and Jos... FOR MARTIJn Here is a prove of the fruad commited in the census :Evidence, arguments; one can only prove things in mathematics. Thank you for this information! I'm not sure how to evaluate this by myself; can anyone else comment? User:Martijn faassen 20:57, 3 May 2004 (UTC) 1988 census was wrong, Here are the correct figure below -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Let us see the figure Katsina State(hausa) 3,878,344 with 24192 sq Km,land area Kano state(hausa) 5.6m with land 20,760 Sq. Km land area Oyo State(Yoruba) 3,488,789 with 28454 sq km land area From this figure IBB claim that Kano and Katsina are more populated than Oyo state. That is not true. From above you can see that Oyo state has more land space than Kano and katsina.. Please note the second biggest city in Nigeria is Ibadan in Oyo state, after lagos(yoruba). To back up our claim here are the villages and town in Katsina, Kano and Oyo. Katsina state has 899 villages and town Kano state has 1141 villages and town Oyo state has 2135 villages and town. Here below are name of villages and town and cities in Katsina, Kano and Oyo state http://www.angelfire.com/jazz/nigeriakatsina/ http://www.angelfire.com/jazz/nigeria/Nigeriakano http://www.angelfire.com/jazz/nigeriaoyo/ Northern Towns. Here is example of IBB claim. example is bebeji town, IBB claim this town have 58,000 people, Please see this town and tell me if it as 58,000. http://www.hausavoices.com/pictures/bbj.htm http://www.hausavoices.com/cards/village.jpg :I see these images, but it is not hard to get rustic scenery from most larger towns at the outskirts, and it is to be expected nostalgic and tourist pictures will show such rustic parts. Quite apart from that, wikipedia is not aiming to our own personal evaluations in these articles, but to summarize and discuss existing data and opinions. User:Martijn faassen 20:57, 3 May 2004 (UTC) http://www.motherlandnigeria.com/pictures/new_post10.jpg http://www.motherlandnigeria.com/pictures/traditional_granery_in_north.jpg http://www.motherlandnigeria.com/pictures/herdsman2.jpg :These seem to be picturesque pictures of northern nigeria. I can hunt up picturesque pictures of the Netherlands too, but that doesn't show there are not 15 million people living here. User:Martijn faassen 20:57, 3 May 2004 (UTC) They refuse to allow a National ID card because it was going to carry on it picture, Can you believe that. :I'm not sure I understand what you mean here. Could you explain? User:Martijn faassen 20:57, 3 May 2004 (UTC) * Articles on Census inaccuracies in Nigeria: http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/nigeria/nigeria54.html http://www.centralstate.edu/africanstudies/ed092794.html http://allafrica.com/stories/200404270711.html http://www.newint.org/issue337/profile.htm :These articles are very interesting, thanks! Here's my summary and some analysis. :The first one indicates the 1991 census is a new attempt that hopefully will help clear up matters. :The second article is written a few years after the 1991 census and states that the previous census was wrong, but the one in 1991 is assumed to be correct. And implies it was influenced by regional distribution of money by population count, which would encourage inflating figures. Didn't we include figures of the 1991 census? :The third article is written recently and is talking about the buildup to a new 2005 census to update the figures of 1991. It talks about how such census is often seen as a popularity contest. :The fourth and last article summarizes the whole issue as such: "Census figures are hotly contested because, given the ethnically polarized state of Nigerian society, the various regions have always tried to massage population figures to ensure that they have a greater say in how political and economic largess is dispensed." :It seems this debate has spilled over onto wikipedia. :My recommendation is that we put something about the census controversy on the main page. The total population figure seems to be disputed according to the second article (I do not know if the current numbers are controversial though). In particular it seems clear that regional figures are also debated. The 1991 census seems to be less controversial than earlier ones, but perhaps I evaluate this wrong. Do I understand it correctly that it has regional figures? :I would also say we can't ''conclude'' anything from the controversy of the census; we certainly can't come up with new numbers of our own. We should still base our data on the best census available, but we should mention that this is debated. User:Martijn faassen 20:57, 3 May 2004 (UTC) ABOUT THE CENSUS FIGURE Mr Martijn faassen, the 1991 is controversial, in one of the links provider, you can see that THE UNITED NATION, did not believe the 1991 population figure, because Nigeria claimed that Nigerian did not have baby for about a year and that 5 million death rate in only year... So the figure is not acceptable.... You see take for example Katsina state, In today Katsina state there are only 899 villages and towns in the state, but another state with a nearly three times the number of villages and towns and which also contain the second largest cities in Nigeria is said to be less populated ... you see ... Ibadan is at lease seven the size of katsina city, .. and when you put together the first biggest cities in Katsina, they can not cover the same land space as Ibadan... This is record of fact and figure..... You can drive for more than 1 hour in katsina and you would never meet any villages and person. Katsina state is inside the famours Sahara desert, ( please type Katsina on google.com and you see the result...))Read article one of the people that live in the desert.. http://www.mtrustonline.com/dailytrust/shelterbelt08102003.htm It is only in Nigeria where about 50 million is said to leave in the desert. there is no other country. It is only in Nigeria, that there are more people living in the desert than in tropic region... I have live in this desert, the place is unhuman suitable to live and very few people live there..I am telling you from my experience... It is like living in the northern region of canada, Nanuvat...very few people live there. Now imagine the people of Nanuvat claiming, that they are more than the people in ontario which have better weather..for political motive and will you believe that. Climatic conditional affect population, it is only in nigeria that unfavour Climatic condition increases population... :Any progress on the census debate? YorubaMan yes here is a progress I have a website of the Nigeria postal service for you.. I just want to show how incorrect the above census figure and past figure have been . In 2003 , the Nigeria postal service had to code all street , town and villages in nigeria... And you would see from their website that the Hausa/fulani villages and town .. can not justify their so call population.. cities like lagos with about 7000 street is said to have about the same population with cities like kano with only about 500 street.. that is what is wrong with Nigeria.. while a city like ogun state with over 4000 town , villages is said to be less populated than katsina state with 889 villages.. Please when on the site take note of the number of street in katsina and compare with the number of street in Ijebu ode , sagbamu or other street in Ogun state... Please also see the over 3000 of villages and town in Kwara state ( another yoruba state ) and compare with Jigawa state 825 villages and town., please note the street.. and compare, while they claim that Kwara is 1.5 million , and Jigawa was 2.7 million.. Ilorin is over 0.5 million.. Ilorin have a total of 36 high school.. while the capital of jigawa which is the larger of the town in the state has only 4 high school.. Please note also Ondo, Ogun, Oyo, Lagos , Kwara,Osun , Ekiti and west part of kogi are Yoruba please do the calculation in term of the number of villages , town and cities.. While the hausa/fulani portion is Jigawa, kano, kebbi, katsina, Bauchi, zamfara. sokoto, Gombe and North part of Kaduna state . Please count the number of street on each state , all major cities are included... The others state are minority state.. Please that the head of the nigeria postal service is an hausa fulani. but he still put up this name of villages and street. http://www.nigpost.com ---- Also, could someone put in a link to Nigerian Civil War ? xandar == Machetes? == In the article machete, an anonymous user made the following edit 4 months ago: :The Nigerian Armed Forces have been reviewing the possibility of using the Machete as their standard weapon in their new conscript army of 5,000,000 troops. This seems to me to be rather improbable. Hopefully someone watching this article may know: is there any likelihood that this may may be true? User:Securiger 08:59, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC) == Coat of Arms == I did a double take, having not been to Nigeria since 1985. Apparently, the national Motto has changed since then. The coat of arms on this page shows the old one. It needs to be changed. Please see [http://www.nigeria.gov.ng/aboutnigeria/coatofarms.htm the current one on the government's website].User:IFaqeer—User:IFaqeer User talk:IFaqeer 00:15, Nov 20, 2004 (UTC) To know more about the the Nigeria Coat of arms see the article "National Symbols" at http://www.onlinenigeria.com/links/adv.asp?blurb=72 http://www.onlinenigeria.com/links/coatArmNig2.gif OnlineNigeria.com: The black shield represents the fertile soil while the silvery bands denote the Niger and Benue rivers which form the main inland waterways in the country. The coctus spectabifis is a colourful flower which grows wild in Nigeria. The eagle stands for strength and the chargers symbolise dignity. The national mott originally "Peace, Unity, Freedom" was changed the to "Unity and Faith, Peace and Progress" in 1978. == Africa-related regional notice board == I have created Wikipedia:Africa-related regional notice board.User:IFaqeer—User:IFaqeer User talk:IFaqeer 05:41, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC) == Lagos clarity == There's a discussion going in the Lagos discussion page about reorganizing and/or clarifying the entries for Lagos and Lagos State. I wanted to post this here so others could participate. == British Protectorate == I noticed that the date for becoming a protectorate has been listed in both 1900 and 1901 for January 1. Other web resources lean toward 1900, but I don't think it's conclusive enough for me to jump in and edit the Nigeria page or the yearly almanac pages, since I know not much about this topic. == Map == A controversy has erupted over the choice of map for this article. The two candidates are shown here, along with any others that other Wikipedians may choose to enter. Feel free to make any comments. The lower map may also appear in the corresponding Geography article for this country. User:Kelisi 16:38, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC) The lower one will of course be reduced, but could be enlarged by clicking. User:Kelisi 16:38, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC) For various Nigeria Maps at OnlineNigeria.com, see http://www.onlinenigeria.com/maps/ You have maps from 1900 to the present. ==Article Damian Ohanyido Okoli needs verification== The article Damian Ohanyido Okoli (1932-1998) has been referred to Wikipedia:Votes for deletion mainly because it hasn't been independently verified. If anyone has source information for anything in this article (particularly the basic facts of the man's life), could you please have a look at the article and edit it? --User:Tony Sidaway|User talk:Tony Sidaway 21:10, 26 May 2005 (UTC) == Intro == the introduction states that Nigeria is the world's most populous 'black' country. true, however and this may seem mundane and not worth mentioning but .. the term 'black' seems loaded and if i may intellectually misleading. black does not neccessarily mean African. i havent come across a blacker person than vijay singh, perhaps except john garang - but thats neither here or there. would 'the world's most populous ''African'' nation' not seem more proper? franz fanon :I agree. It is a Western perspective. ''The term Blacks is often used in the West'' (from Blacks). I'm going to be bold and delete it. If revived, it should link to Blacks. User:Dosai 19:05, 31 May 2005 (UTC) == Link to AbujaMobile.com == the link to abujamobile.com has been moved to [Communications in Nigeria], where it should be, because abujamobile is a pure mobile phone forum. Please note. == Link to AbujaMobile.com == the link to abujamobile.com has been moved to Communications in Nigeria, where it should be, because abujamobile is a pure mobile phone forum. Please note.
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