
Nicaragua is a republic in Central America. It is the largest Central American nation but the least densely populated. It is bordered on the north by Honduras and on south by Costa Rica. Its western coastline is on the Pacific Ocean, while the east side of the country is on the Caribbean Sea. The country's name is a combination of Nicarao, the most populous indigenous tribe when the Spain arrived, and the Spanish word ''Agua'', meaning water, after the two large lakes in the west of the country, Lago Managua and Lago Nicaragua. {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+República de Nicaragua |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align="center" width="140px" | || align="center" width="140px" | |- | align="center" width="140px" | (Flag of Nicaragua) || align="center" width="140px" | (Full size) |} |- | align=center style="vertical-align: top;" colspan=2 | ''National motto: Pro Mundi Beneficio
(Latin: For the World's benefit)'' |- | align=center colspan=2 style="background: #ffffff;" | |- | Official language || Spanish language (official) (English language and indigenous languages on Atlantic coast) |- | Capital || Managua |- | Mayor of the Capital || Herty Lewites |- | List of Presidents of Nicaragua || Enrique Bolaños |- | Area
- Total
- % water || List of countries by area
129,494 square kilometre
2.9% |- | Population
- Total
- Population density || List of countries by population
5,628,517
38,80/km² |- | Independence
- Declared
- Recognized|| From Spain
September 15, 1821
July 25, 1850 |- | Currency || Córdoba (currency) |- | Time zone || Coordinated Universal Time -5 |- | National anthem || ''Salve a tí'' |- | Top-level domain || .ni |- | List of country calling codes || 505 |} ==History== ''Main article: History of Nicaragua'' Colonized by Spain in 1524, Nicaragua achieved independence as an independent state in 1821 and joined the United Provinces of Central America. It separated from the federation in 1838, becoming a completely sovereign republic in 1854. The nation's early history was marked by the desire of U.S. commercial interests to make use of Nicaraguan territory. When gold was discovered in California, Cornelius Vanderbilt's Accessory Transit Company undertook a steamship and carriage business to link Greytown, at the mouth of the San Juan River (linking the Lago Nicaragua with the Gulf of Mexico), to the Pacific. Nicaragua's strategic position has ever since been of interest to the United States. Nicaragua has seen U.S. military interventions and lengthy periods of military dictatorship, the most infamous being the rule of the Somoza family (supported by successive U.S. governments) for much of the early 20th century. In 1979 the Somoza family was deposed, and a multi-factional coalition took control of the government. Conflicts within the coalition eventually resulted in power being consolidated by Daniel Ortega, who was elected President in 1984 elections marred by opposition refusal to participate and complaints of governement restrictions, but claimed to be as free and fair by Western NGOs allowed into the country by the Sandinistas. Ortega and the FSLN leadership implemented a series of ambitious socialism reforms to the country, but the new president's rule was undermined by increasing civil war in which the United States, under President Ronald Reagan, covertly funded Anti-communism rebel forces called Contras despite a 1982 United States Congress Boland Amendment prohibiting aid. Multi-party system elections were held in 1990, and the country has retained a fairly stable democracy since then. ==The 1990 Elections and America's Involvement== However, there was widespread distaste with the way the 1990 elections were brought about, some dissidents, such as Noam Chomsky, believe that the elections were won by the centre right coalition simply because of US threats to continue the war if the sandinistas retained power, combined with the general war weariness of the Nicaraguan population c- Especially since Central Intelligence Agency Director William J. Casey's order to attack "Soft target," another factor was the massive covert funding from the CIA towards largely pro-US groups that promised to return Nicaragua to the "Central American mode" - La Prensa can be given as a prime example of a US "client institution" within Nicaragua. Chomsky describes his views below: ''"Suppose that some power of unimaginable strength were to threaten to reduce the United States to the level of Ethiopia unless we voted for its candidates, demonstrating that the threat was real. Suppose that we refused, and the threat was then carried out, the country brought to its knees, the economy wrecked and millions killed. Suppose, finally, that the threat were repeated, loud and clear, at the time of the next scheduled elections. Under such conditions, only the most extreme hypocrite would speak of a free election. Furthermore, it is likely that close to 100% of the population would succumb.'' ''Apart from the last sentence, I have just described U.S.-Nicaraguan relations for the last decade."'' Others, such as S. Brian Wilson, have also documented the extent of US funding to anti-Sandinista groups. He writes in his essay, "How the US purchased the 1990 Nicaraguan Elections," that: ''"The U.S., through the CIA and NED, orchestrated a process to consolidate a number of Nicaragua's opposition parties into a so-called unified effort, the United Nicaragua Opposition (UNO). In attempting to tabulate the total amount of money provided by the U.S. government between 1984-1990 to the "opposition" parties of Nicaragua, one must add up the known covert aid with the identifiable overt funds provided to both the CIA and the NED. If the truth were known, the total might approach $50,000,000. Fifty million dollars in Nicaragua, a country of 3.5 million people as of the mid to late 1980s, is equivalent to $3,550,000,000 in the United States, a country in 1990 of nearly 250 million inhabitants. Over 3.5 billion dollars! During the 1988 U.S. presidential elections, George H. W. Bush and Michael Dukakis received $46.1 million each in federal campaign finance. When adding up all the campaign costs for the presidential race, 435 races for the House of Representatives, and for the 34 Senate campaigns, it is believed to be well under $500 million. The U.S. is pouring the equivalent of 7 times this amount into tiny Nicaragua. In effect, the U.S. is spending nearly $14 for every Nicaraguan citizen, and $28 for each registered voter. This is an incredible amount. If the total costs of all campaigns during the 1988 U.S. presidential year amounted to $500 million, that would equal $2 for every U.S. resident, or about $2.80 for each eligible voter."'' ==Politics== ''Main article: Politics of Nicaragua'' Nicaragua is a constitutional republic with an elected president holding executive power. The unicameral legislative body is the National Assembly, which has 93 members elected for 5-year terms. The President, and the runner-up are both members of the National Assembly, as well, and the government operates according to pseudo-parliamentary rules. * List of Presidents of Nicaragua ==Departments== ''Main article: Departments of Nicaragua'' For administrative purposes, Nicaragua is divided into 15 departments and two autonomous regions. The departments are Boaco Department, Carazo, Chinandega Department, Chontales, Estelí Department, Granada Department, Jinotega Department, León Department, Madriz, Managua Department, Masaya Department, Matagalpa Department, Nueva Segovia, Rivas Department, Río San Juan. The two autonomous regions are Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte and Región Autónoma del Atlántico Sur, often referred to as ''RAAN'' and ''RAAS'' respectively. Until they were granted autonomy in 1985 they formed the single department of Zelaya. ==Geography== ''Main article: Geography of Nicaragua'' Nicaragua has three distinct geographical regions: the Pacific Lowlands, the North-Central Mountains and the Mosquito Coast. The Pacific Lowlands are in the west of the country, and consist of a broad, hot, fertile plain which supports most of Nicaragua's population. The capital, Managua, and the two main provincial cities, Leon and Granada all lie in this region. Punctuating this plain are several large volcanoes, many of which are active. Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes are common in this part of the country: much of central Managua was destroyed by an earthquake on December 23 1972. The North-Central mountains is an upland region away from the Pacific coast, with a cooler climate than the Pacific Lowlands. About a quarter of the country's agriculture takes place in this region, with coffee grown on the higher slopes. The Mosquito Coast is a large rainforest region, with several large rivers running through it. It has a hot and humid climate, and is very sparsely populated. The Caribbean coastline is much more sinuous than its generally straight Pacific counterpart: lagoons and deltas make it very irregular. See also: * Lake Nicaragua * Volcanoes of Nicaragua * List of cities in Nicaragua ==Economy== ''Main article: Economy of Nicaragua'' Nicaragua's economy has historically been based on the export of cash crops such as bananas, coffee and tobacco. It boasts the best rum in Central America and is 3rd in beef quality behind Argentina and Brazil. During the Contra War, much of the country's infrastructure was damaged or destroyed, and an economic blockade by the U.S. combined with the economic stagnation of the aligned Soviet bloc led to the virtual collapse of the economy. Inflation ran for a time at several thousand per cent. Since the end of the war, many state-owned industries have been privatization. Inflation has been brought to manageable levels, and the economy has grown quite rapidly in recent years. The country is still the second-poorest in the Americas, however, and is struggling to implement further reforms, on which aid from the International Monetary Fund is conditional. As in so many poor countries at world-wide level, most of the poor people in Nicaragua are women. In addition, a relatively high percentage of the Nicaraguan homes have a woman as head of household: 39% of urban homes and 28% of the rural ones. (From [http://www.ocotal.org/role_of_women.html The Role of Woman in the Economy] - used by permission of the site author.) In 2005, finance ministers of the leading eight industrialized nations (G-8) agreed to forgive Nicaragua's foreign debt, as it is one of the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries. ==Demographics== ''Main article: Demographics of Nicaragua'' About 69 percent of Nicaraguans are Mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white). People of unmixed European descent consitute about 17 percent of the population, and are the largest minority. They are mostly of Spanish people descent, but the 19th century saw several small waves of immigration from other European-Mediterranean countries. Most of the Mestizo and European population live in the western regions of the country and especially in the cities of Managua, Leon and Granada. About 9 percent of Nicaragua's population is black or afronicaragüense, with the black population concentrated on the country's eastern coast. The black population is mostly of West Indies origin, the descendents of indentured labourers brought mostly from Jamaica and Haiti when the region was a British protectorate. There is also a smaller number of Garifuna, a people of mixed African, Carib, Angolan, Congoan and Arawak descent. After Panama, on mainland Latin American soil, Nicaragua has the second largest black population. The remaining 5 percent is comprised of the unmixed descendants of the country's indigenous inhabitants. Nicaragua's pre-Colombian population consisted of the Nahuatl-speaking Nicarao people of the west, and six ethnic groups including the Miskitos, Ramas and Sumos in the Caribbean region. While very few pure-blooded Nicarao people still exist, the Caribbean peoples have remained distinct. In the mid-1980s, the government divided the eastern half of the country - the former department of Zelaya - into two autonomous regions and granted the African and indigenous people of the region limited self-rule. There is also a small Middle Eastern-nicaraguan community of Syrian, Armenian (people), Palestinian and Lebanese people in Nicaragua with a total population of about 30,000, and an East Asian community of Japanese, Taiwanese and Chinese people of almost 8,000. The minorities speak Spanish and maintain their ancestral languages as well. Spanish is spoken by about 90% of Nicaraguans; the Nicaraguan dialect has many similarities to Galician, and also has similarities to Argentina which uses "vos" instead of "tu", along with the "Voseo" conjugation. The black population of the east coast region has English language as its first language. Several indigenous peoples of the east still use their original languages. Roman Catholicism is the major religion, but evangelism Protestant groups have grown recently, and there are strong Anglican and Moravian (religion) communities on the Caribbean coast. Ninety per cent of Nicaraguans live in the Pacific lowlands and the adjacent interior highlands. The population is 54% urban. ==Culture== ''Main article: Culture of Nicaragua'' Nicaraguan culture has several distinct strands. The west of the country was colonized by Spain and has a similar culture to other Spanish language-speaking Latin American countries. The people of western Nicaragua are mostly Mestizos and Europeans; Spanish is invariably their first language. The eastern half of the country, on the other hand, was once a United Kingdom protectorate. English language is still the first language of most people in this region, and its culture is more similar to Caribbean nations. There is a large population of people of African descent, as well as a smaller Garifuna population. Of the cultures that were present before European colonization, the Nahuatl-speaking peoples who populated the west of the country have essentially been assimilated into the latino culture. In the east, however, several indigenous groups have maintained a distinct identity. The Sumos and Ramas people still use their original languages. ==Miscellaneous topics== * Nicaraguan Cuisine * Nicaraguan Diaspora * Communications in Nicaragua * Transportation in Nicaragua * Military of Nicaragua * Foreign relations of Nicaragua ==Famous Nicaraguans== * Ruben Dario * Daniel Ortega Saavedra * Herty Lewites * Bianca Jagger * Michael Cordua * Michele Najlis * Ernesto Cardenal * Daisy Zamora * Erick Blandon * Arlen Siu * Blanca Castellon * Yaoska Tijerino * Marifely Arguello * Gioconda Belli ==External links== * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/country_profiles/1225218.stm Country profile: Nicaragua] (BBC) *[http://www.pangeapartnership.org The Pangea Partnership - Eco-building workshops in Nicaragua] *[http://www.brianwillson.com/awolnicelection.html - Documentation of Covert US Aid to Anti-Sandinista Groups at the time of the 1990 Elections. Central American countries Nicaragua ks:Nikāraguvā ms:Nicaragua zh-min-nan:Nicaragua nah:Nikanawak nds:Nicaragua sq:Nikaragua
---- Were the Sandinistas socialist or just leftist? How does one discern? What did they call themselves? ---- Yes, it's a fair question, complicated by the variety of views represented in the FSLN as it grew from a small Marxist core into something more like a mass movement. There were certainly important Sandinistas who didn't see themselves as socialist (or perhaps even particularly leftist), and there wasn't much in the way of transformation to a socialist system in the FSLN's government programmes. The FSLN considered itself revolutionary rather than socialist, and its tolerance of private enterprise was at odds with the ideals of Marxists who mostly supported it. I think "socialist" is factually inappropriate, though it certainly applies to individual founding Sandinista leaders: "leftist" is fair comment for the FSLN as a whole, though I preferred the word "radicalism" in that particular location in the article because it conveys also an element of ideological unpredictability (and possible adventurism) which I think has some validity in that context and which perhaps alarmed Washington more than any ideologically pure content on the part of a core minority. User:David Parker ==Motto== The German page says the motto was "Pro Mundi Beneficio." Is "In god we trust" not something from the US? User:Get-back-world-respect 15:30, 16 May 2004 (UTC) ---- I'm totally amazed that this article completely ignores the tragic war which occured between the Sandanistas and so-called US-backed 'Contras' in the mid- to late-eighties, and the suffering inflicted on the people of Nicaragua. As far as I can see there is no link to any article mentioning this very important phase in the country's recent history. Should there not be at least some mention of this? Granted, it will be hard to do this from a NPOV, but its inclusion is surely merited. User:Agendum 23:32, 16 May 2004 (UTC) ==Helpful== Your page has been very helpful. I was unable to find any famous people in other sites but here I was able to easily find them. == Important Nicaraguans??? == You rightfully have Ruben Dario at the top of the list but I don't see how you can say that Arlen Siu, and other 9 or 10 on your list can be "Important Nicaraguans". 11 of the 15 on the list are Sandinistas that because the damage they did to the country they are somehow "important", the inclusion of Daniel Ortega is enough, the rest of them are minor guerrilla men and women. You could have Salomon De La Selva who composed the National Anthem. Andres Castro who with just a rock initiated the defeat of the American Southern filibuster William Walker. Rafaela herrera who led the defense of the Rivas Fort against the Spanish after her father got killed. Augusto Cesar Sandino who fought the American invasion. In sports: Alexis Arguello the first boxer to conquer 3 different weight titles. Denis Martinez one of only 12 perfect games pitcher in the Big Leagues. Jaime Bone Billiard (pool) champion. And that's only a few really "Important Nicaraguans" MS ==Proposed changes== KEITH is spamming in his photos and making some truly terrible edits, and breaking 3RR I think. What is to be done? --User:SqueakBox 05:23, May 7, 2005 (UTC) :Can KEITH please bring any proposed changes here; otherwise they are likely to be reverted (the same ones he has given us so far anyway). A statement like Nicaragua is the safest country in the Americas is not only untrue (it's less safe than Costa Rica) it is also hopelessly NPOV. While some of the photos are nice we cannot allow one person's photos to dominate the page, and the photos of students are totally inappropriate, I think, --User:SqueakBox 15:24, May 7, 2005 (UTC) :We need to source that nicaragua is one of the safest Am countries before putting it in the text, and even then not in the first line-it sounds like a tourist ad for Nicaragua-which we cannot have for being hopelessly NPOV, --User:SqueakBox 19:47, May 7, 2005 (UTC) I´m actualy making studies of latin america economy, I´m from Canada. I found that some articles about Nicaraguas was realy wrong. Nicaragua is the safest country in Central America. Please visit http://www.pronicaragua.org/safety_investment.html and you will find too other sources (Interamerican Development Bank, CIA Factbook, etc) where you´ll find the same information. I visited Nicaragua and I found that the reality in this country has changed A LOT since I was there 15 years ago. Sorry if I haven´t explain this before. I invite you to actualize about this county. Costa Rica is not yet the safest country in Central America (did you know how many touris are killed or asaulted by day? visit the page of the USA State Department about Costa Rica) however is not so unsure as El Salvador. == Actualize Information == I´m actualy making studies of latin america economy, I´m from Canada. I found that some articles about Nicaraguas was realy wrong. Nicaragua is the safest country in Central America. Please visit http://www.pronicaragua.org/safety_investment.html and you will find too other sources (Interamerican Development Bank, CIA Factbook, etc) where you´ll find the same information. I visited Nicaragua and I found that the reality in this country has changed A LOT since I was there 15 years ago. Sorry if I haven´t explain this before. I invite you to actualize about this county. Costa Rica is not yet the safest country in Central America (did you know how many touris are killed or asaulted by day? visit the page of the USA State Department about Costa Rica http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1093.html) however is not so unsure as El Salvador. By. Yeah okay, but not in the first paragraph, somewhere not in the opening. It doesn't feel appropriate there because it doesn't really fit in with how the other countries opening paragraphs are in wikipedia. I think Nicaragua is too poor to be really safe, and it wasn't my experience of the country. An underresourced police force is never a great sign of security. Lulling people into a false sense of security is not a good idea about anywhere in latin America, and not in Nicaragua. besides which we are not trying to sell the country to people, we are trying to write an encyclopedic article about it, --User:SqueakBox 22:35, May 7, 2005 (UTC) :I can't see that it's really necessary to include info about safety in this way. It changes quickly and is very subjective and variable. I am sure Managua is not as safe as San José, for example. As SqueakBox says, we're not a travel guide. Wikitravel may be interested in this info though. User:Worldtraveller 22:46, 7 May 2005 (UTC) I respect your poit of view, but we have to be evidence based. We have to show to the world people´s the reality about the countries, no a superficial vision or our point of view without review the facts. 10 years ago I used to think that China was a poor country and in 5 years the reality has changed. 8 years ago Europe was not a nation. 40 years ago my Grandphater did thi--User:SqueakBox 15:50, May 8, 2005 (UTC)nk that Japan and Israel wont progress, and than Argentina become the richest country in the south hemisphere. Probably the same happened two centuries ago with USA: nobody think that this unsure and poor county of America will become a great nation. Our minds have to see that the world changes. We have to use secondary sources, and not do our own original research. See Wikipedia:No original research + Wikipedia:Verifiability. We should not proactively try to influence events, --User:SqueakBox 23:08, May 7, 2005 (UTC) Allway we have to use secundary high evidence level (1 or 2a,b or c) sorces: that´s the evidence based principle, our point of view must be only an documented analysis of the reality. I agree absolutely with you. Wordtraver is changing the editions desmesurately. He does not take in acount the fact and the information. He put only what he think by himself that is correct. It does not matter that this is wrong. :A biot like how you edits here, --User:SqueakBox 15:50, May 8, 2005 (UTC) I AGREE WITH KEITH THE INFORMATION MUST TO BE ACTUALIZED BUT THE ACTITUDE OF WORLDTRAVELLER IS NOT ADECUATE OR POLITE, NEITHER SCIENTIST. WILKIPEDIA IS A ENCICOCLOPEDIA NO A POINT OF VIEW OF WORDLTRAVELLER. MIKE SMITH, CALIFORNIA. You are in Mexioc City not California. I don't for a second believe there is more than one person here, ie you are KEITH, and I believe you are a native Spanish speaker, not English (ie you are not from Canada either). Can you source that your pics are not from Mexico? Don't take the people here as fools, --User:SqueakBox 16:42, May 8, 2005 (UTC) :No English native speaker would write actitude; the English is attitude and the Spanish actitud, --User:SqueakBox 16:45, May 8, 2005 (UTC) ::Pretending to be 2 people to bolster support for a point of view is called Wikipedia:Sockpuppet, --User:SqueakBox 16:49, May 8, 2005 (UTC) Your mind are a little bit closed Mr. Inquisition of Science and Mr. DAP (Delirium Allucination Paraniod). I was thinking that is BETTER writing Mexico than Mexioc; what is your native langaje?.... Sorry If I tell you where I`m from and a question: where are you from are you living? Thank Mr. DAP ==Political neutrality== The politics is kind of scewed here. Though the Sandanista's were no angels, the World Health Organization, the World Bank, Inter-American Development Bank, and Oxfam all praised Nicaragua for making incredible progress in raising the living standard and comended the governments social programs. As for the incredible wealth that the Somoza family presided over in Nicaragua, it should be noted that the wealth was highly concentrated while most of the country lived in poverty. This article seems to be biased and somewhat justifies the US supported dictatorships as good for wealth and stability and condemns the Sandanista's as tyrinnical while briefly mentioning that they were put in government DEMOCRATICALLY. Yes we may not like all they did but democracy is a government for and of the people, thus we can't expect every democracy to fall in line in taking orders from the United States. This article should go into the CIA supported contra's which hit what the US called "soft targets"....which was mostly schools, hospitals and community centers. Amnesty International, the International Red Cross, numerous other organizations have great information regarding Nicaragua. The brutalities of the Somoza dictatorships should not be ignored. Be aware that we have an NPOV policy, and that your edits can be edited mercilessly, and go for it. Your edits on this matter would be very welcome. You may well be right about the article being too pro the USA. BTW we have a Contras article, but yes, bring material here to the page, by all means, --User:SqueakBox 15:30, May 11, 2005 (UTC) ==A statement== I don´t know why Worldtraveller is changing all the people contributions for Wikipedia. It´s an unpolite and obsesive way (I think he shoud think seriously about an obsesive compulsive disorder). I have been searching about him. He vissited for a few days central america (5 years ago) and specifically in Nicaragua he only visited Ometepe Island (an indigenous comunity), Granada (european city in Nicaragua) and Masaya (higly mestizo)and Leon (this is a shortly proportion of Nicaragua) He didn´t visited most of the country Granada Island, Carazo, San Juan del Sur, pacific and Atlantic beaches, cental region, etc, etc, etc. The point of view of worldtraveler about the region is very limmited. He has a poorly edition of history, culture, domographics, people, etc, about this region. I think he nedd to actualize a lot. The editions he has made are realy uncomplete or are not according the reaality and history. Worldtraveler I´m goin to invite you to read more scientist articles and to be more objective. The principle of the investigator (if you are a investigator) is EVIDENCE BASED PRINCIPLES. And the people must be informed accuracely. Worldtraveller.org please start by reading, http://www.bjmjr.com/afromestizo/costa_rica.htm, http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_985.html, ttp://www.granada.com.ni/intro/intro.html, http://www.pronicaragua.org/safety_investment.html,http://www.intur.gob.ni/, http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1093.html May be that this pages actualize a little bit Wordltraveller information about Nicaragua y about the photos that he has erased and other people has unerased, are of my own. I did take the pics when I made a study about nicaragua :Engaging in personal attacks towards other users doesn't make you credible, nor does claiming to be from Canada or California. You have photos that could be of Mexico, and that in the case of the students could be seen as vanity photos. You write in bad English, contradicting statistics without sourcing, removing the bit about black people in the north, etc. The first time I noticed you you were deleting photos from Nicaragua and the demographics pages, to then replace them a bit later with your own photos in a very spam like way. --User:SqueakBox 00:30, May 12, 2005 (UTC) ::Good to see you doing some research, KEITH. Hope you enjoyed reading about my Central American travels. Read more scientist articles? Hm, well, I do have a PhD in astronomy, so I feel I have plenty enough experience of reading scientific articles and basing my work on evidence! The point here is you're continually re-adding information, which is being removed by me and others for perfectly valid reasons. First, it expresses a strong WP:POV. Second, your images seem to lack source information, making them potentially WP:CP. Third, you're breaking the WP:3RR by reverting repeatedly to your own version. And fourth, you seem to be not even remotely interested in finding a Wikipedia:Consensus - a crucial thing in producing a neutral encyclopaedia. Your behaviour is verging on Wikipedia:Vandalism, and if it continues, you're likely to be blocked from editing. Discussing proposed changes on the talk page here would be a good way to start contributing positively towards this article, if you're interested in doing that. User:Worldtraveller 08:16, 12 May 2005 (UTC) == Persons have to respect the evidence based contributions == The Worltravell (and related usernames) attitude and words does not seem coming from a researcher. However I have meet colleges whose attitude is not so ethical. You have to change your attitude. I can see that you are not so busy and yours “RESEARCH” time is used to maintain only your point of view, not taking in account the facts. If you look the talking the one impolite person here is you. You are changing all the time the articles evidence based and that is not the attitude of a research (a researcher must to add sources not opinion). My contributions and the other people contribution’s to wikipedia will be ever here. It does not matter that a not busy person like you change whit out a source the evidence based contributions of people, that is a a realy contradiction to WP:POV, Wikipedia:Consensus and is a Wikipedia:Vandalism, and if you don´t support your changes with a high evidence level information your changes will be change to the previos evidence level. I have no seen any science contribution of you. I can show you at least more than then articles published by me in impact reviews, and other in other kind of reviews. Some are new contributions. But I prefer don’t enter in unnecessary conflicts. I hope you to take a real researcher attitude and you to use more time in investigate some troubles no yet resolved in astronomy (if really you are a researcher) and I hope you to improve your attitude and don’t look like a amateur. I hope that my contribution and other people contributions only be changed by other evidence but no just by opinion. This is not a scientist attitude. Try to suport your information before changing. :KEITH - are you interested in finding a consensus and positively engaging to improve this article? It seems to me you are not; repeatedly reverting, now probably about 20 times over a couple of weeks, to re-insert edits which do not have a consensus, is extremely disruptive, and can be considered vandalism. If it continues you are likely to become the subject of a WP:RfC or WP:RfAr, and possibly an eventual ban on editing. To work productively on this, you really need to discuss changes here. At least three people have been reverting your edits, indicating that you have a great deal to do to convince people of the merits of your changes. Simply re-inserting them is never going to do that. User:Worldtraveller 16:35, 20 May 2005 (UTC) :KEITH, signing your edits with 4 of these:~ would be great, as would refraining from engaging in attacks on Worldtraveller (none of us know how busy he actually is, nor do I personally care). I endorse the above Worldtraveller statement, User:SqueakBox 16:49, May 20, 2005 (UTC) == Worldtraveller (and related usernames or nicknames “SqueakBox”) has this page looked for new contributions. == Review all contributions in the history: Worldtraveller has changed and rejected every contribution of all people. He has violated the NPOV Neutral Point of View. This is vandalism Wikipedia:Vandalism. He never cite the sources of his changes wikipedia:cite your sources only change it. 1. He changes all the evidence based contribution with his own point of view 2. He uses two usernames in order to make the same changes 3. He uses a impolite vocabulary with all contributors 4. He does not support his changes 5. He has never supported with verifiable bibliography the discussion Dear Worltraveller (and related usernames "SkeakBox" that wrote the same day, at consecutive hours, from the same URL in UK, and has the same photo in Internet) please if you want to make changes start by: 1. Making your changes citing a updated information 2. Allow other people updating the page (not only your poit of view) 3. Do not erase other contributions if you do not support your contributions I hope that every time you want to edit some article you support this change in the discussion. Thank you and I hope you enjoy contributing in a better way to Wikipedia. Keith KEITH remove your sockpuppet allegations and apologidse to both worldtraveller and I if you wish to avoid an Rfc, User:SqueakBox 22:58, May 20, 2005 (UTC) ==Name change== As nicaragua is called Nicaragua, and as long as it remains called Nicaragua, we must call it Nicaragua. Any name changes to a name that is not Nicaragua will be reverted immediately without explannation, User:SqueakBox 23:23, May 20, 2005 (UTC) ==Sockpupetry== I strongly suspect that is , User:SqueakBox 03:42, May 24, 2005 (UTC) :I agree. I've asked nicely for him to stop messing up this page, but it seems like this has gone on a lot longer than I thought. I've blocked Granada. User:CryptoDerk 03:46, May 24, 2005 (UTC) :KEITH has access to several IP's in rapid succession, and thus can easily avoid simple blocks, User:SqueakBox 04:41, May 24, 2005 (UTC) ==1984 elections observed== According to the [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/5/newsid_2538000/2538379.stm BBC] :Approximately 400 independent foreign observers, including a number of Americans, were in Nicaragua to monitor proceedings. The unofficial British election observer, Lord Chitnis, said proceedings were not perfect but he had no doubt the elections were fair. It seems wrong to say that the election was only monitored by "Western NGOs allowed into the country by the Sandinistas." It is usually NGOs that monitor elections and the implication is that some were not allowed in. In which case please give some evidence. My recollection was that the government was keen to have as many monitors as they could to add legitimacy to their election. User:Billlion 11:57, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC) ==Deletion== Nice One, deleting my article about The US's Involvement in the 1990 Nicaraguan Elections, patriotic Americans and disinformation seem to go hand in hand. ''NickK'' :What are you talking about, User:SqueakBox 14:13, Jun 21, 2005 (UTC)
Central American countries
{| |- ! Template Preview ! What to type ! Also consider |- | || || |- | style="font-size: 80%;" colspan="3" | ''See more country templates on:'' Wikipedia:Country referencing templates |} Nicaragua
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Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
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Nicaragua/Economy
Nicaragua/Geography
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Nicaragua/History
Nicaragua/Military
Nicaragua/People
Nicaragua/Transnational_issues
Nicaragua/Transportation
NicaraguaDepartments
Nicaraguan
Nicaraguans
Nicaraguan_boxers
Nicaraguan_Campaign_Medal
Nicaraguan_Canal
Nicaraguan_contras
Nicaraguan_Cuisine
Nicaraguan_culture
Nicaraguan_Democratic_Force
Nicaraguan_Diaspora
Nicaraguan_Diaspora
Nicaraguan_Institute_of_Natural_Resources_and_the_Environment
Nicaraguan_music
Nicaraguan_music
Nicaraguan_Navy
Nicaraguan_people
Nicaraguan_politicians
Nicaraguan_Revolution
Nicaraguan_revolution
Nicaraguan_Sign_Language
Nicaraguan_Socialist_Party
Nicaraguan_sport
Nicaraguan_sportspeople
Nicaraguan_writers
Nicaragua_at_the_1996_Summer_Olympics
Nicaragua_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics
Nicaragua_Canal
Nicaragua_canal
Nicaragua_national_football_team
Nicaragua_v._United_States
Nicaragua_v._United_States
Nicaragua_v._US
Nicaragua_versus_United_States
Nicaragua_Was_Our_Home
Nicaragua
Nicaragua is a republic in Central America. It is the largest Central American nation but the least densely populated. It is bordered on the north by Honduras and on south by Costa Rica. Its western coastline is on the Pacific Ocean, while the east side of the country is on the Caribbean Sea. The country's name is a combination of Nicarao, the most populous indigenous tribe when the Spain arrived, and the Spanish word ''Agua'', meaning water, after the two large lakes in the west of the country, Lago Managua and Lago Nicaragua. {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+República de Nicaragua |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align="center" width="140px" | || align="center" width="140px" | |- | align="center" width="140px" | (Flag of Nicaragua) || align="center" width="140px" | (Full size) |} |- | align=center style="vertical-align: top;" colspan=2 | ''National motto: Pro Mundi Beneficio
(Latin: For the World's benefit)'' |- | align=center colspan=2 style="background: #ffffff;" | |- | Official language || Spanish language (official) (English language and indigenous languages on Atlantic coast) |- | Capital || Managua |- | Mayor of the Capital || Herty Lewites |- | List of Presidents of Nicaragua || Enrique Bolaños |- | Area
- Total
- % water || List of countries by area
129,494 square kilometre
2.9% |- | Population
- Total
- Population density || List of countries by population
5,628,517
38,80/km² |- | Independence
- Declared
- Recognized|| From Spain
September 15, 1821
July 25, 1850 |- | Currency || Córdoba (currency) |- | Time zone || Coordinated Universal Time -5 |- | National anthem || ''Salve a tí'' |- | Top-level domain || .ni |- | List of country calling codes || 505 |} ==History== ''Main article: History of Nicaragua'' Colonized by Spain in 1524, Nicaragua achieved independence as an independent state in 1821 and joined the United Provinces of Central America. It separated from the federation in 1838, becoming a completely sovereign republic in 1854. The nation's early history was marked by the desire of U.S. commercial interests to make use of Nicaraguan territory. When gold was discovered in California, Cornelius Vanderbilt's Accessory Transit Company undertook a steamship and carriage business to link Greytown, at the mouth of the San Juan River (linking the Lago Nicaragua with the Gulf of Mexico), to the Pacific. Nicaragua's strategic position has ever since been of interest to the United States. Nicaragua has seen U.S. military interventions and lengthy periods of military dictatorship, the most infamous being the rule of the Somoza family (supported by successive U.S. governments) for much of the early 20th century. In 1979 the Somoza family was deposed, and a multi-factional coalition took control of the government. Conflicts within the coalition eventually resulted in power being consolidated by Daniel Ortega, who was elected President in 1984 elections marred by opposition refusal to participate and complaints of governement restrictions, but claimed to be as free and fair by Western NGOs allowed into the country by the Sandinistas. Ortega and the FSLN leadership implemented a series of ambitious socialism reforms to the country, but the new president's rule was undermined by increasing civil war in which the United States, under President Ronald Reagan, covertly funded Anti-communism rebel forces called Contras despite a 1982 United States Congress Boland Amendment prohibiting aid. Multi-party system elections were held in 1990, and the country has retained a fairly stable democracy since then. ==The 1990 Elections and America's Involvement== However, there was widespread distaste with the way the 1990 elections were brought about, some dissidents, such as Noam Chomsky, believe that the elections were won by the centre right coalition simply because of US threats to continue the war if the sandinistas retained power, combined with the general war weariness of the Nicaraguan population c- Especially since Central Intelligence Agency Director William J. Casey's order to attack "Soft target," another factor was the massive covert funding from the CIA towards largely pro-US groups that promised to return Nicaragua to the "Central American mode" - La Prensa can be given as a prime example of a US "client institution" within Nicaragua. Chomsky describes his views below: ''"Suppose that some power of unimaginable strength were to threaten to reduce the United States to the level of Ethiopia unless we voted for its candidates, demonstrating that the threat was real. Suppose that we refused, and the threat was then carried out, the country brought to its knees, the economy wrecked and millions killed. Suppose, finally, that the threat were repeated, loud and clear, at the time of the next scheduled elections. Under such conditions, only the most extreme hypocrite would speak of a free election. Furthermore, it is likely that close to 100% of the population would succumb.'' ''Apart from the last sentence, I have just described U.S.-Nicaraguan relations for the last decade."'' Others, such as S. Brian Wilson, have also documented the extent of US funding to anti-Sandinista groups. He writes in his essay, "How the US purchased the 1990 Nicaraguan Elections," that: ''"The U.S., through the CIA and NED, orchestrated a process to consolidate a number of Nicaragua's opposition parties into a so-called unified effort, the United Nicaragua Opposition (UNO). In attempting to tabulate the total amount of money provided by the U.S. government between 1984-1990 to the "opposition" parties of Nicaragua, one must add up the known covert aid with the identifiable overt funds provided to both the CIA and the NED. If the truth were known, the total might approach $50,000,000. Fifty million dollars in Nicaragua, a country of 3.5 million people as of the mid to late 1980s, is equivalent to $3,550,000,000 in the United States, a country in 1990 of nearly 250 million inhabitants. Over 3.5 billion dollars! During the 1988 U.S. presidential elections, George H. W. Bush and Michael Dukakis received $46.1 million each in federal campaign finance. When adding up all the campaign costs for the presidential race, 435 races for the House of Representatives, and for the 34 Senate campaigns, it is believed to be well under $500 million. The U.S. is pouring the equivalent of 7 times this amount into tiny Nicaragua. In effect, the U.S. is spending nearly $14 for every Nicaraguan citizen, and $28 for each registered voter. This is an incredible amount. If the total costs of all campaigns during the 1988 U.S. presidential year amounted to $500 million, that would equal $2 for every U.S. resident, or about $2.80 for each eligible voter."'' ==Politics== ''Main article: Politics of Nicaragua'' Nicaragua is a constitutional republic with an elected president holding executive power. The unicameral legislative body is the National Assembly, which has 93 members elected for 5-year terms. The President, and the runner-up are both members of the National Assembly, as well, and the government operates according to pseudo-parliamentary rules. * List of Presidents of Nicaragua ==Departments== ''Main article: Departments of Nicaragua'' For administrative purposes, Nicaragua is divided into 15 departments and two autonomous regions. The departments are Boaco Department, Carazo, Chinandega Department, Chontales, Estelí Department, Granada Department, Jinotega Department, León Department, Madriz, Managua Department, Masaya Department, Matagalpa Department, Nueva Segovia, Rivas Department, Río San Juan. The two autonomous regions are Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte and Región Autónoma del Atlántico Sur, often referred to as ''RAAN'' and ''RAAS'' respectively. Until they were granted autonomy in 1985 they formed the single department of Zelaya. ==Geography== ''Main article: Geography of Nicaragua'' Nicaragua has three distinct geographical regions: the Pacific Lowlands, the North-Central Mountains and the Mosquito Coast. The Pacific Lowlands are in the west of the country, and consist of a broad, hot, fertile plain which supports most of Nicaragua's population. The capital, Managua, and the two main provincial cities, Leon and Granada all lie in this region. Punctuating this plain are several large volcanoes, many of which are active. Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes are common in this part of the country: much of central Managua was destroyed by an earthquake on December 23 1972. The North-Central mountains is an upland region away from the Pacific coast, with a cooler climate than the Pacific Lowlands. About a quarter of the country's agriculture takes place in this region, with coffee grown on the higher slopes. The Mosquito Coast is a large rainforest region, with several large rivers running through it. It has a hot and humid climate, and is very sparsely populated. The Caribbean coastline is much more sinuous than its generally straight Pacific counterpart: lagoons and deltas make it very irregular. See also: * Lake Nicaragua * Volcanoes of Nicaragua * List of cities in Nicaragua ==Economy== ''Main article: Economy of Nicaragua'' Nicaragua's economy has historically been based on the export of cash crops such as bananas, coffee and tobacco. It boasts the best rum in Central America and is 3rd in beef quality behind Argentina and Brazil. During the Contra War, much of the country's infrastructure was damaged or destroyed, and an economic blockade by the U.S. combined with the economic stagnation of the aligned Soviet bloc led to the virtual collapse of the economy. Inflation ran for a time at several thousand per cent. Since the end of the war, many state-owned industries have been privatization. Inflation has been brought to manageable levels, and the economy has grown quite rapidly in recent years. The country is still the second-poorest in the Americas, however, and is struggling to implement further reforms, on which aid from the International Monetary Fund is conditional. As in so many poor countries at world-wide level, most of the poor people in Nicaragua are women. In addition, a relatively high percentage of the Nicaraguan homes have a woman as head of household: 39% of urban homes and 28% of the rural ones. (From [http://www.ocotal.org/role_of_women.html The Role of Woman in the Economy] - used by permission of the site author.) In 2005, finance ministers of the leading eight industrialized nations (G-8) agreed to forgive Nicaragua's foreign debt, as it is one of the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries. ==Demographics== ''Main article: Demographics of Nicaragua'' About 69 percent of Nicaraguans are Mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white). People of unmixed European descent consitute about 17 percent of the population, and are the largest minority. They are mostly of Spanish people descent, but the 19th century saw several small waves of immigration from other European-Mediterranean countries. Most of the Mestizo and European population live in the western regions of the country and especially in the cities of Managua, Leon and Granada. About 9 percent of Nicaragua's population is black or afronicaragüense, with the black population concentrated on the country's eastern coast. The black population is mostly of West Indies origin, the descendents of indentured labourers brought mostly from Jamaica and Haiti when the region was a British protectorate. There is also a smaller number of Garifuna, a people of mixed African, Carib, Angolan, Congoan and Arawak descent. After Panama, on mainland Latin American soil, Nicaragua has the second largest black population. The remaining 5 percent is comprised of the unmixed descendants of the country's indigenous inhabitants. Nicaragua's pre-Colombian population consisted of the Nahuatl-speaking Nicarao people of the west, and six ethnic groups including the Miskitos, Ramas and Sumos in the Caribbean region. While very few pure-blooded Nicarao people still exist, the Caribbean peoples have remained distinct. In the mid-1980s, the government divided the eastern half of the country - the former department of Zelaya - into two autonomous regions and granted the African and indigenous people of the region limited self-rule. There is also a small Middle Eastern-nicaraguan community of Syrian, Armenian (people), Palestinian and Lebanese people in Nicaragua with a total population of about 30,000, and an East Asian community of Japanese, Taiwanese and Chinese people of almost 8,000. The minorities speak Spanish and maintain their ancestral languages as well. Spanish is spoken by about 90% of Nicaraguans; the Nicaraguan dialect has many similarities to Galician, and also has similarities to Argentina which uses "vos" instead of "tu", along with the "Voseo" conjugation. The black population of the east coast region has English language as its first language. Several indigenous peoples of the east still use their original languages. Roman Catholicism is the major religion, but evangelism Protestant groups have grown recently, and there are strong Anglican and Moravian (religion) communities on the Caribbean coast. Ninety per cent of Nicaraguans live in the Pacific lowlands and the adjacent interior highlands. The population is 54% urban. ==Culture== ''Main article: Culture of Nicaragua'' Nicaraguan culture has several distinct strands. The west of the country was colonized by Spain and has a similar culture to other Spanish language-speaking Latin American countries. The people of western Nicaragua are mostly Mestizos and Europeans; Spanish is invariably their first language. The eastern half of the country, on the other hand, was once a United Kingdom protectorate. English language is still the first language of most people in this region, and its culture is more similar to Caribbean nations. There is a large population of people of African descent, as well as a smaller Garifuna population. Of the cultures that were present before European colonization, the Nahuatl-speaking peoples who populated the west of the country have essentially been assimilated into the latino culture. In the east, however, several indigenous groups have maintained a distinct identity. The Sumos and Ramas people still use their original languages. ==Miscellaneous topics== * Nicaraguan Cuisine * Nicaraguan Diaspora * Communications in Nicaragua * Transportation in Nicaragua * Military of Nicaragua * Foreign relations of Nicaragua ==Famous Nicaraguans== * Ruben Dario * Daniel Ortega Saavedra * Herty Lewites * Bianca Jagger * Michael Cordua * Michele Najlis * Ernesto Cardenal * Daisy Zamora * Erick Blandon * Arlen Siu * Blanca Castellon * Yaoska Tijerino * Marifely Arguello * Gioconda Belli ==External links== * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/country_profiles/1225218.stm Country profile: Nicaragua] (BBC) *[http://www.pangeapartnership.org The Pangea Partnership - Eco-building workshops in Nicaragua] *[http://www.brianwillson.com/awolnicelection.html - Documentation of Covert US Aid to Anti-Sandinista Groups at the time of the 1990 Elections. Central American countries Nicaragua ks:Nikāraguvā ms:Nicaragua zh-min-nan:Nicaragua nah:Nikanawak nds:Nicaragua sq:Nikaragua
Nicaragua
---- Were the Sandinistas socialist or just leftist? How does one discern? What did they call themselves? ---- Yes, it's a fair question, complicated by the variety of views represented in the FSLN as it grew from a small Marxist core into something more like a mass movement. There were certainly important Sandinistas who didn't see themselves as socialist (or perhaps even particularly leftist), and there wasn't much in the way of transformation to a socialist system in the FSLN's government programmes. The FSLN considered itself revolutionary rather than socialist, and its tolerance of private enterprise was at odds with the ideals of Marxists who mostly supported it. I think "socialist" is factually inappropriate, though it certainly applies to individual founding Sandinista leaders: "leftist" is fair comment for the FSLN as a whole, though I preferred the word "radicalism" in that particular location in the article because it conveys also an element of ideological unpredictability (and possible adventurism) which I think has some validity in that context and which perhaps alarmed Washington more than any ideologically pure content on the part of a core minority. User:David Parker ==Motto== The German page says the motto was "Pro Mundi Beneficio." Is "In god we trust" not something from the US? User:Get-back-world-respect 15:30, 16 May 2004 (UTC) ---- I'm totally amazed that this article completely ignores the tragic war which occured between the Sandanistas and so-called US-backed 'Contras' in the mid- to late-eighties, and the suffering inflicted on the people of Nicaragua. As far as I can see there is no link to any article mentioning this very important phase in the country's recent history. Should there not be at least some mention of this? Granted, it will be hard to do this from a NPOV, but its inclusion is surely merited. User:Agendum 23:32, 16 May 2004 (UTC) ==Helpful== Your page has been very helpful. I was unable to find any famous people in other sites but here I was able to easily find them. == Important Nicaraguans??? == You rightfully have Ruben Dario at the top of the list but I don't see how you can say that Arlen Siu, and other 9 or 10 on your list can be "Important Nicaraguans". 11 of the 15 on the list are Sandinistas that because the damage they did to the country they are somehow "important", the inclusion of Daniel Ortega is enough, the rest of them are minor guerrilla men and women. You could have Salomon De La Selva who composed the National Anthem. Andres Castro who with just a rock initiated the defeat of the American Southern filibuster William Walker. Rafaela herrera who led the defense of the Rivas Fort against the Spanish after her father got killed. Augusto Cesar Sandino who fought the American invasion. In sports: Alexis Arguello the first boxer to conquer 3 different weight titles. Denis Martinez one of only 12 perfect games pitcher in the Big Leagues. Jaime Bone Billiard (pool) champion. And that's only a few really "Important Nicaraguans" MS ==Proposed changes== KEITH is spamming in his photos and making some truly terrible edits, and breaking 3RR I think. What is to be done? --User:SqueakBox 05:23, May 7, 2005 (UTC) :Can KEITH please bring any proposed changes here; otherwise they are likely to be reverted (the same ones he has given us so far anyway). A statement like Nicaragua is the safest country in the Americas is not only untrue (it's less safe than Costa Rica) it is also hopelessly NPOV. While some of the photos are nice we cannot allow one person's photos to dominate the page, and the photos of students are totally inappropriate, I think, --User:SqueakBox 15:24, May 7, 2005 (UTC) :We need to source that nicaragua is one of the safest Am countries before putting it in the text, and even then not in the first line-it sounds like a tourist ad for Nicaragua-which we cannot have for being hopelessly NPOV, --User:SqueakBox 19:47, May 7, 2005 (UTC) I´m actualy making studies of latin america economy, I´m from Canada. I found that some articles about Nicaraguas was realy wrong. Nicaragua is the safest country in Central America. Please visit http://www.pronicaragua.org/safety_investment.html and you will find too other sources (Interamerican Development Bank, CIA Factbook, etc) where you´ll find the same information. I visited Nicaragua and I found that the reality in this country has changed A LOT since I was there 15 years ago. Sorry if I haven´t explain this before. I invite you to actualize about this county. Costa Rica is not yet the safest country in Central America (did you know how many touris are killed or asaulted by day? visit the page of the USA State Department about Costa Rica) however is not so unsure as El Salvador. == Actualize Information == I´m actualy making studies of latin america economy, I´m from Canada. I found that some articles about Nicaraguas was realy wrong. Nicaragua is the safest country in Central America. Please visit http://www.pronicaragua.org/safety_investment.html and you will find too other sources (Interamerican Development Bank, CIA Factbook, etc) where you´ll find the same information. I visited Nicaragua and I found that the reality in this country has changed A LOT since I was there 15 years ago. Sorry if I haven´t explain this before. I invite you to actualize about this county. Costa Rica is not yet the safest country in Central America (did you know how many touris are killed or asaulted by day? visit the page of the USA State Department about Costa Rica http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1093.html) however is not so unsure as El Salvador. By. Yeah okay, but not in the first paragraph, somewhere not in the opening. It doesn't feel appropriate there because it doesn't really fit in with how the other countries opening paragraphs are in wikipedia. I think Nicaragua is too poor to be really safe, and it wasn't my experience of the country. An underresourced police force is never a great sign of security. Lulling people into a false sense of security is not a good idea about anywhere in latin America, and not in Nicaragua. besides which we are not trying to sell the country to people, we are trying to write an encyclopedic article about it, --User:SqueakBox 22:35, May 7, 2005 (UTC) :I can't see that it's really necessary to include info about safety in this way. It changes quickly and is very subjective and variable. I am sure Managua is not as safe as San José, for example. As SqueakBox says, we're not a travel guide. Wikitravel may be interested in this info though. User:Worldtraveller 22:46, 7 May 2005 (UTC) I respect your poit of view, but we have to be evidence based. We have to show to the world people´s the reality about the countries, no a superficial vision or our point of view without review the facts. 10 years ago I used to think that China was a poor country and in 5 years the reality has changed. 8 years ago Europe was not a nation. 40 years ago my Grandphater did thi--User:SqueakBox 15:50, May 8, 2005 (UTC)nk that Japan and Israel wont progress, and than Argentina become the richest country in the south hemisphere. Probably the same happened two centuries ago with USA: nobody think that this unsure and poor county of America will become a great nation. Our minds have to see that the world changes. We have to use secondary sources, and not do our own original research. See Wikipedia:No original research + Wikipedia:Verifiability. We should not proactively try to influence events, --User:SqueakBox 23:08, May 7, 2005 (UTC) Allway we have to use secundary high evidence level (1 or 2a,b or c) sorces: that´s the evidence based principle, our point of view must be only an documented analysis of the reality. I agree absolutely with you. Wordtraver is changing the editions desmesurately. He does not take in acount the fact and the information. He put only what he think by himself that is correct. It does not matter that this is wrong. :A biot like how you edits here, --User:SqueakBox 15:50, May 8, 2005 (UTC) I AGREE WITH KEITH THE INFORMATION MUST TO BE ACTUALIZED BUT THE ACTITUDE OF WORLDTRAVELLER IS NOT ADECUATE OR POLITE, NEITHER SCIENTIST. WILKIPEDIA IS A ENCICOCLOPEDIA NO A POINT OF VIEW OF WORDLTRAVELLER. MIKE SMITH, CALIFORNIA. You are in Mexioc City not California. I don't for a second believe there is more than one person here, ie you are KEITH, and I believe you are a native Spanish speaker, not English (ie you are not from Canada either). Can you source that your pics are not from Mexico? Don't take the people here as fools, --User:SqueakBox 16:42, May 8, 2005 (UTC) :No English native speaker would write actitude; the English is attitude and the Spanish actitud, --User:SqueakBox 16:45, May 8, 2005 (UTC) ::Pretending to be 2 people to bolster support for a point of view is called Wikipedia:Sockpuppet, --User:SqueakBox 16:49, May 8, 2005 (UTC) Your mind are a little bit closed Mr. Inquisition of Science and Mr. DAP (Delirium Allucination Paraniod). I was thinking that is BETTER writing Mexico than Mexioc; what is your native langaje?.... Sorry If I tell you where I`m from and a question: where are you from are you living? Thank Mr. DAP ==Political neutrality== The politics is kind of scewed here. Though the Sandanista's were no angels, the World Health Organization, the World Bank, Inter-American Development Bank, and Oxfam all praised Nicaragua for making incredible progress in raising the living standard and comended the governments social programs. As for the incredible wealth that the Somoza family presided over in Nicaragua, it should be noted that the wealth was highly concentrated while most of the country lived in poverty. This article seems to be biased and somewhat justifies the US supported dictatorships as good for wealth and stability and condemns the Sandanista's as tyrinnical while briefly mentioning that they were put in government DEMOCRATICALLY. Yes we may not like all they did but democracy is a government for and of the people, thus we can't expect every democracy to fall in line in taking orders from the United States. This article should go into the CIA supported contra's which hit what the US called "soft targets"....which was mostly schools, hospitals and community centers. Amnesty International, the International Red Cross, numerous other organizations have great information regarding Nicaragua. The brutalities of the Somoza dictatorships should not be ignored. Be aware that we have an NPOV policy, and that your edits can be edited mercilessly, and go for it. Your edits on this matter would be very welcome. You may well be right about the article being too pro the USA. BTW we have a Contras article, but yes, bring material here to the page, by all means, --User:SqueakBox 15:30, May 11, 2005 (UTC) ==A statement== I don´t know why Worldtraveller is changing all the people contributions for Wikipedia. It´s an unpolite and obsesive way (I think he shoud think seriously about an obsesive compulsive disorder). I have been searching about him. He vissited for a few days central america (5 years ago) and specifically in Nicaragua he only visited Ometepe Island (an indigenous comunity), Granada (european city in Nicaragua) and Masaya (higly mestizo)and Leon (this is a shortly proportion of Nicaragua) He didn´t visited most of the country Granada Island, Carazo, San Juan del Sur, pacific and Atlantic beaches, cental region, etc, etc, etc. The point of view of worldtraveler about the region is very limmited. He has a poorly edition of history, culture, domographics, people, etc, about this region. I think he nedd to actualize a lot. The editions he has made are realy uncomplete or are not according the reaality and history. Worldtraveler I´m goin to invite you to read more scientist articles and to be more objective. The principle of the investigator (if you are a investigator) is EVIDENCE BASED PRINCIPLES. And the people must be informed accuracely. Worldtraveller.org please start by reading, http://www.bjmjr.com/afromestizo/costa_rica.htm, http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_985.html, ttp://www.granada.com.ni/intro/intro.html, http://www.pronicaragua.org/safety_investment.html,http://www.intur.gob.ni/, http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1093.html May be that this pages actualize a little bit Wordltraveller information about Nicaragua y about the photos that he has erased and other people has unerased, are of my own. I did take the pics when I made a study about nicaragua :Engaging in personal attacks towards other users doesn't make you credible, nor does claiming to be from Canada or California. You have photos that could be of Mexico, and that in the case of the students could be seen as vanity photos. You write in bad English, contradicting statistics without sourcing, removing the bit about black people in the north, etc. The first time I noticed you you were deleting photos from Nicaragua and the demographics pages, to then replace them a bit later with your own photos in a very spam like way. --User:SqueakBox 00:30, May 12, 2005 (UTC) ::Good to see you doing some research, KEITH. Hope you enjoyed reading about my Central American travels. Read more scientist articles? Hm, well, I do have a PhD in astronomy, so I feel I have plenty enough experience of reading scientific articles and basing my work on evidence! The point here is you're continually re-adding information, which is being removed by me and others for perfectly valid reasons. First, it expresses a strong WP:POV. Second, your images seem to lack source information, making them potentially WP:CP. Third, you're breaking the WP:3RR by reverting repeatedly to your own version. And fourth, you seem to be not even remotely interested in finding a Wikipedia:Consensus - a crucial thing in producing a neutral encyclopaedia. Your behaviour is verging on Wikipedia:Vandalism, and if it continues, you're likely to be blocked from editing. Discussing proposed changes on the talk page here would be a good way to start contributing positively towards this article, if you're interested in doing that. User:Worldtraveller 08:16, 12 May 2005 (UTC) == Persons have to respect the evidence based contributions == The Worltravell (and related usernames) attitude and words does not seem coming from a researcher. However I have meet colleges whose attitude is not so ethical. You have to change your attitude. I can see that you are not so busy and yours “RESEARCH” time is used to maintain only your point of view, not taking in account the facts. If you look the talking the one impolite person here is you. You are changing all the time the articles evidence based and that is not the attitude of a research (a researcher must to add sources not opinion). My contributions and the other people contribution’s to wikipedia will be ever here. It does not matter that a not busy person like you change whit out a source the evidence based contributions of people, that is a a realy contradiction to WP:POV, Wikipedia:Consensus and is a Wikipedia:Vandalism, and if you don´t support your changes with a high evidence level information your changes will be change to the previos evidence level. I have no seen any science contribution of you. I can show you at least more than then articles published by me in impact reviews, and other in other kind of reviews. Some are new contributions. But I prefer don’t enter in unnecessary conflicts. I hope you to take a real researcher attitude and you to use more time in investigate some troubles no yet resolved in astronomy (if really you are a researcher) and I hope you to improve your attitude and don’t look like a amateur. I hope that my contribution and other people contributions only be changed by other evidence but no just by opinion. This is not a scientist attitude. Try to suport your information before changing. :KEITH - are you interested in finding a consensus and positively engaging to improve this article? It seems to me you are not; repeatedly reverting, now probably about 20 times over a couple of weeks, to re-insert edits which do not have a consensus, is extremely disruptive, and can be considered vandalism. If it continues you are likely to become the subject of a WP:RfC or WP:RfAr, and possibly an eventual ban on editing. To work productively on this, you really need to discuss changes here. At least three people have been reverting your edits, indicating that you have a great deal to do to convince people of the merits of your changes. Simply re-inserting them is never going to do that. User:Worldtraveller 16:35, 20 May 2005 (UTC) :KEITH, signing your edits with 4 of these:~ would be great, as would refraining from engaging in attacks on Worldtraveller (none of us know how busy he actually is, nor do I personally care). I endorse the above Worldtraveller statement, User:SqueakBox 16:49, May 20, 2005 (UTC) == Worldtraveller (and related usernames or nicknames “SqueakBox”) has this page looked for new contributions. == Review all contributions in the history: Worldtraveller has changed and rejected every contribution of all people. He has violated the NPOV Neutral Point of View. This is vandalism Wikipedia:Vandalism. He never cite the sources of his changes wikipedia:cite your sources only change it. 1. He changes all the evidence based contribution with his own point of view 2. He uses two usernames in order to make the same changes 3. He uses a impolite vocabulary with all contributors 4. He does not support his changes 5. He has never supported with verifiable bibliography the discussion Dear Worltraveller (and related usernames "SkeakBox" that wrote the same day, at consecutive hours, from the same URL in UK, and has the same photo in Internet) please if you want to make changes start by: 1. Making your changes citing a updated information 2. Allow other people updating the page (not only your poit of view) 3. Do not erase other contributions if you do not support your contributions I hope that every time you want to edit some article you support this change in the discussion. Thank you and I hope you enjoy contributing in a better way to Wikipedia. Keith KEITH remove your sockpuppet allegations and apologidse to both worldtraveller and I if you wish to avoid an Rfc, User:SqueakBox 22:58, May 20, 2005 (UTC) ==Name change== As nicaragua is called Nicaragua, and as long as it remains called Nicaragua, we must call it Nicaragua. Any name changes to a name that is not Nicaragua will be reverted immediately without explannation, User:SqueakBox 23:23, May 20, 2005 (UTC) ==Sockpupetry== I strongly suspect that is , User:SqueakBox 03:42, May 24, 2005 (UTC) :I agree. I've asked nicely for him to stop messing up this page, but it seems like this has gone on a lot longer than I thought. I've blocked Granada. User:CryptoDerk 03:46, May 24, 2005 (UTC) :KEITH has access to several IP's in rapid succession, and thus can easily avoid simple blocks, User:SqueakBox 04:41, May 24, 2005 (UTC) ==1984 elections observed== According to the [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/5/newsid_2538000/2538379.stm BBC] :Approximately 400 independent foreign observers, including a number of Americans, were in Nicaragua to monitor proceedings. The unofficial British election observer, Lord Chitnis, said proceedings were not perfect but he had no doubt the elections were fair. It seems wrong to say that the election was only monitored by "Western NGOs allowed into the country by the Sandinistas." It is usually NGOs that monitor elections and the implication is that some were not allowed in. In which case please give some evidence. My recollection was that the government was keen to have as many monitors as they could to add legitimacy to their election. User:Billlion 11:57, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC) ==Deletion== Nice One, deleting my article about The US's Involvement in the 1990 Nicaraguan Elections, patriotic Americans and disinformation seem to go hand in hand. ''NickK'' :What are you talking about, User:SqueakBox 14:13, Jun 21, 2005 (UTC)
Nicaragua
Central American countries
Nicaragua
{| |- ! Template Preview ! What to type ! Also consider |- | || || |- | style="font-size: 80%;" colspan="3" | ''See more country templates on:'' Wikipedia:Country referencing templates |} Nicaragua
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NA | NB | NC | ND | NE | NF | NG | NH | NI | NJ | NK | NL | NM | NO | NP | NR | NS | NT | NU | NW | NX | NY | NZ |Words begining with Nicaragua:
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
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Nicaragua,_Central_America
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Nicaragua/Economy
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Nicaragua/History
Nicaragua/Military
Nicaragua/People
Nicaragua/Transnational_issues
Nicaragua/Transportation
NicaraguaDepartments
Nicaraguan
Nicaraguans
Nicaraguan_boxers
Nicaraguan_Campaign_Medal
Nicaraguan_Canal
Nicaraguan_contras
Nicaraguan_Cuisine
Nicaraguan_culture
Nicaraguan_Democratic_Force
Nicaraguan_Diaspora
Nicaraguan_Diaspora
Nicaraguan_Institute_of_Natural_Resources_and_the_Environment
Nicaraguan_music
Nicaraguan_music
Nicaraguan_Navy
Nicaraguan_people
Nicaraguan_politicians
Nicaraguan_Revolution
Nicaraguan_revolution
Nicaraguan_Sign_Language
Nicaraguan_Socialist_Party
Nicaraguan_sport
Nicaraguan_sportspeople
Nicaraguan_writers
Nicaragua_at_the_1996_Summer_Olympics
Nicaragua_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics
Nicaragua_Canal
Nicaragua_canal
Nicaragua_national_football_team
Nicaragua_v._United_States
Nicaragua_v._United_States
Nicaragua_v._US
Nicaragua_versus_United_States
Nicaragua_Was_Our_Home
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