NEWS

NEWS was a line of Sony Unix workstations sold from 1987 until around 1996. ''NEWS'' is an abbreviation of ''Net Work Station''. Early models used Motorola 68k series processors, while later models switched to the MIPS architecture R3000 and R4000 series. Sony produced their own operating system called NEWS OS, which was based on BSD Unix. Sony products

NeWS

NeWS, for ''Network extensible Window System'', was a windowing system developed by Sun Microsystems in the late 1980s. Its primary architect was James Gosling, who subsequently designed Java programming language. Based on PostScript (PS), NeWS started by modifing the PostScript interpreter to run in a cooperative multitasking fashion. Unlike PostScript in a printer, NeWS would be displaying a number of PS programs at the same time on one screen, so some form of multitasking was required. Contrary to popular belief, the NeWS interpreter was unrelated to Display PostScript and used different source code. NeWS added a complete view hierarchy system, based on viewports known as ''canvases''. Like the view system in most GUIs, it included the concept of a tree of embedded views along which events were passed. NeWS also included a complete model for events including timers and other "automatic" events, input queues for devices such as computer mouse and computer keyboards, and other functionality required for full interaction. But by far the most interesting addition was a complete object oriented (OO) programming style with inheritance. This eliminated the need for an external OO language to build a complete application. Since all of these additions were added as additional PostScript keywords, it was possible to write simple PostScript code that would result in a running, onscreen, interactive program. For instance one of the common examples was an onscreen clock, which required about two pages of PS code. NeWS also included a library (several actually) of user interface elements (widgets), written in NeWS. These widgets ran all of their behaviour in the NeWS interpreter, and only required communications to an outside program (or more NeWS code) when the widget demanded it. For example, a toggle button's display routine can query the button's state (pressed or not) and change its display accordingly. The button can also react to mouse clicks by changing its state from pressed to not pressed and vice versa. All this can happen in the windowing server without interaction with the client program, and only when the mouse is released on the button will an event be sent off for handling. This was more sophisticated than a "dumb" X Window System server, which can only report "mouse clicked on button" events to a client, which then has to switch the state, and finally instruct the server to display the new state. If client and server are not on the same machine, these interactions must travel over the network, slowing the feedback loop down unnecessarily. The best example of such a toolkit is TNT (''The NeWS Toolkit'') which was released by Sun in 1989. Sun also shipped a smaller toolkit intended for example purposes and making small programs. Several companies licensed NeWS and adapted it for various uses. There were only a few companies committed to this unproven technology. Silicon Graphics used it to replace their proprietary GL windowing system. The OpenLook version of FrameMaker developed by Frame Technology Corp. with funding mainly from Sun Microsystems and NSA at the time was one of the few commercial products successfully run on NeWS. The freely-available X11 was already quite popular, so the first versions of NeWS emulated X11 by translating the calls into NeWS PostScript. Speed problems plus the existence of programs that relied on the exact pixel results of X11 calls, forced Sun to release an X11+NeWS hybrid called Xnews which ran an X server in parallel with the interpreter, which seriously degraded the NeWS interpreter performance and did not really result in a very good X server either. Sun also attempted to emulate the look & feel of OpenLook with a toolkit built on the same Xt (X Intrinsics) base as Motif, called OLIT, so that X programs could be made to look identical. After it was clear that OpenLook had lost out to Motif (widget toolkit) in popularity, and after Adobe Systems acquired FrameMaker, products on NeWS simply vanished. Most Unix workstations (including Sun's) now run the X Window System. == Why did NeWS fail? == There is no doubt that in many ways NeWS had a superior design for thin-networked clients, by moving much of the processing to the display, and separating graphical user interface semantics from client program semantics. Possible reasons for its failure in the market include: * NeWS needed to be licensed from Sun, while the source code for the X Window System was freely distributed under the MIT License. Any commercial code shipped using the NeWS libraries required licensing fees to be paid to Sun, Adobe Systems and Xerox PARC. * The rest of the UNIX Workstation market was still catching up with other emerging network technologies that were invented by Sun (namely NFS). The rest of the UNIX Workstation market rushed to support the X Window System in an effort to undermine Sun's technology lead. * NeWS lacked a robust library of reuseable code until well after the X Window System had become the dominant paradigm. This mistake was obviously not repeated in Java programming language. * PostScript is not a good programming language for humans. NeWS tried to make PostScript programming easier by adding object oriented extensions, but this did little to overcome the unfamiliarity of most software developers with the underlying PostScript language's syntax. Several "compilers" from C-like syntax such as pdb (PostScript Done Better) and c2ps were available, but were cumbersome to use and not supported by Sun. * Writing NeWS apps required coding both client-side code and server-side code in two different programming languages. Communication between the two sides was very undeveloped and quite difficult. * NeWS may have been ahead of its time and user requirements in the sophistication level of its graphical and user-interface capabilities. * NeWS had much less of an advantage when the client and server ran on the same machine, and the network computing model never took off sufficiently to justify the extra complexity. It is interesting to contrast NeWS with Display PostScript (DPS), which used the same underlying imaging model and language, but did so in a very different way. In DPS the PostScript commands were limited to what was needed to draw things, all other operations (such as creating a window to draw into) had to be implemented using other system interfaces. This lost interesting things like the ability to use a PostScript path to describe the shape of a window, and also meant DPS required you to use the quite horrible (but familiar) Xlib and some truly ugly code to make sure both DPS and X were agreeing about what to do. However it also meant that the majority of the system was located in compiled code, making it many times faster and considerably easier to write and debug. The result was a much smaller engine that offered the same end result — a PS-based display — that people thought was NeWS's purpose, but with higher performance and somewhat more "natural" programming. == External links == * [http://www.art.net/studios/Hackers/Hopkins/Don/lang/NeWS.html NeWS origins] PostScript System software Sun software

NeWS

I've never heard anyone confuse DPS and NeWS, so I'm not sure why it would be "common belief". The two are discussed below in context, so I'm going to remove this sentence. User:Maury Markowitz 23:19, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC) :I agree the wording of the sentence was bad. Perhaps it should be changed to something like "Despite their ties in PostScript" etc. However, didn't you remove too much when information comparing the two systems were blown off the article? User:Kowloonese 00:46, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)

News

:''For the aspect of news as a business, see News trade'' News is the reporting of current events usually by local, regional or mass media in the form of newspapers, television and radio programs, or sites on the World Wide Web. News reporting is a type of journalism, typically written or broadcast in news style. Most news is investigated and presented by journalists (or reporters) and often distributed via news agencies. If the content of news is significant enough, it eventually becomes history. To be considered news, an event usually must have broad interest due to one or more news values: * Impact (how many people were, are or will be affected?) * Timeliness (did the event occur very recently?) * Revelation (is there significant new information, previously unknown?) * Proximity (was the event nearby geographically?) * Entertainment (does it make for a fun story?) * Oddity (was the event highly unusual?) * Celebrity (was anyone famous involved?) News coverage often includes the "five W's and the H" -- who, what, where, when, why, and how. In democracies, News organizations are often expected to aim for objectivity: reporters cover both sides in a controversy and try to eliminate bias. This is not true of all organizations in all cultures. For instance, British television news is required to be objective, but the newspapers are expected to have a point of view; however, limits are set by the government agency Ofcom, the Office of Communications. The UK has stricter libel laws than the US for the press. In contrast, both newspapers and broadcast news programs in the U.S. are generally expected to remain neutral and avoid bias except for clearly indicated editorial articles or segments. Many single-party states have operated state-run news organizations, which may present the government's views. Even in those situations where objectivity is expected, it is difficult to achieve, and individual journalists may fall foul of their own personal bias, or succumb to commercial or political pressures. Individuals and organizations who are the subject of news reports may use news management techniques to ensure that they make a favourable impression. ==Etymology== The word "news" comes from a special use of the plural of the word "new", and not as the common backronym claims, from the four cardinal directions (North, East, West, and South). Old spellings of the word varied widely—newesse, newis, nevis, neus, newys, niewes, newis, nues, etc—which casts doubt on this fake etymology theory. A ''news junkie'' is a term for a person who likes to keep up to date with the latest news, perhaps OCD. ==See also== * list of news web sites * [http://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Main_Page Wikinews project] * mass media * planted news ==External links (directories of news sites) == *[http://www.allheadlinenews.com/ All Headline News] Indexes the world's news and headlines in real-time *[http://search.looksmart.com/p/browse/us1/us317836/us317916/us147927/ LookSmart - Directory of News & Magazines] *[http://dmoz.org/News Open Directory Project - News] *[http://dir.yahoo.com/News_and_Media/ Yahoo! - Directory of News and Media] *[http://www.openpressroom.com Open Press Room - Open Source News Directory] Journalism

News

== News collections == External links to news pages that can be used to gather new topics for the above list: *[http://news.google.com/ Google News] *[http://www.google.com/news/ Google: News and Resources] *[http://www.newsnow.co.uk: NewsNow] *[http://www.topix.net/ Topix.net] *[http://newshub.tucows.com/: Tucows NewsHub] *[http://www.HavenWorks.com/news/search HavenWorks News Search Engines] *[http://www.HavenWorks.com/news/browse HavenWorks News Sources] *[http://dailynews.yahoo.com/headlines/ts/ Yahoo! News - Top Stories] *[http://www.ipl.org/div/news/ Internet Public Library: Newspapers] *[http://www.voa.gov/ VOA], [http://www.voanews.com VOANews] == News sources == External links to leading English language news organizations from around the world: *Broadcast **[http://news.bbc.co.uk/ British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)] (UK) **[http://www.cnn.com/ Cable News Network (CNN)] (US) **[http://www.foxnews.com/ FOX News Channel (FOX)] (US) **[http://www.cbc.ca/news/ Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC)] (CA) **[http://www.abc.net.au/news/ Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC)] (AU) **[http://www.rte.ie/news/ Radio Telef�s �ireann (RT�)] (IE) **[http://english.aljazeera.net/HomePage Al Jazeera] (ME / Qatar) [English Edition] **[http://www.rnw.nl/cgi-bin/home/enhome.pl Radio Netherlands] (NL) [English Edition] **[http://www.ndtv.com NDTV] (IN) **[http://www.tagesschau.de/english/ tagesschau.de] (Germany) *Print **''[http://www.nzz.ch/english/ Neue Z�rcher Zeitung (NZZ)]'' (CH) **''[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/ The Times]'' (UK) **''[http://www.independent.co.uk/ The Independent]'' (UK) **''[http://www.guardian.co.uk/ The Guardian]'' (UK) (free registration required for media section) **''[http://www.ft.com/ The Financial Times]'' (UK) **''[http://www.economist.com/ The Economist]'' (UK) **''[http://www.nytimes.com/ The New York Times]'' (US) (free registration required) **''[http://www.nypost.com/ The New York Post]'' (US) **''[http://www.washingtonpost.com/ The Washington Post]'' (US) (free registration required) **''[http://www.washtimes.com/ The Washington Times]'' (US) **''[http://www.sfgate.com/ The San Francisco Chronicle]'' (US) **''[http://www.iht.com/ The International Herald Tribune]'' (US in Paris) **''[http://www.globeandmail.ca/ The Globe and Mail]'' (CA) **''[http://www.nationalpost.com/ The National Post]'' (CA) **''[http://www.thestar.com/ The Toronto Star]'' (CA) **''[http://www.smh.com.au/ The Sydney Morning Herald]'' (AU) **''[http://www.theage.com.au/ The Age]'' (AU) **''[http://www.thehindu.com/ The Hindu]'' (IN) **''[http://www.timesofindia.com/ The Times of India]'' (IN) **''[http://www.indianexpress.com/ The Indian Express]'' (IN) **''[http://www.newindpress.com/ The New Indian Express]'' (IN) **''[http://www.thestatesman.net/ The Statesman]'' (IN) **''[http://www.hindustantimes.com/ The Hindustan Times]'' (IN) **''[http://www.telegraphindia.com/ The Telegraph]'' (IN) **''[http://www.deccanherald.com/ The Deccan Herald]'' (IN) **''[http://www.granma.cu/ingles/ Granma International]'' (CU) [English Edition] **''[http://www.aftenposten.no/english/ Aftenposten]'' (NO) **''[http://newsfromrussia.com/ Pravda]'' (RU) **''[http://www.dawn.com/ Dawn]'' (PK) **''[http://www.jang.com.pk/thenews/index.html The News]'' (PK) *Wire **[http://www.reuters.com/ Reuters] (UK) **[http://dailynews.yahoo.com/headlines/top_stories/ap/ Associated Press] (US) **[http://www.falkland-malvinas.com/index.asp MercoPress] (Latin America) *Internet-only **[http://story.news.yahoo.com Yahoo! News], world news and general information **[http://www.refdesk.com Refdesk], world news and general information **[http://www.euobserver.com EUobserver.com] (reports on the European Union; see also Wikipedia:EUobserver cooperation) **[http://www.israelnationalnews.com/headlines.php3 Arutz-7 headlines] MiddleEast News **UPI world news and general information fa:وقایع کنونی simple:World's news vi:Thời sự

News

Ed-Tech Insider: The Future of News Right Now RadicalBender beat me to it. Fry news has been a news source since march 29, 2004. This is an advert. - User:TextureUser Talk:TextureUser:Texture 16:26, 8 Apr 2004 (UTC) ---- The following note was moved from the article to here where (I hope) it belongs: ''To be covered:'' *History of news *Propaganda and censorship *Freedom of the press and importance thereof to political movements *How news is disseminated User:Chocolateboy 19:44, 15 Apr 2004 (UTC) == No external links to news organizations == I've removed many external links - this article is turning into a link farm to every news organization on the planet. The only ones I left (I think) are those that go to a directory of news organizations, not the individual news org's themsevles. - User:DavidWBrooks 16:21, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC) == No external links to news sites == I removed the link to Google News for the same reason as above: external links to sources of information about what news is (such as directories of news sites) are appropriate here, but links to sources of news aren't. They would quickly swamp us. - User:DavidWBrooks 18:43, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC) :So where have you put it? :Can you organize all links to news pages together in the article list of news websites? Or as you like it just to make it consistent and easy to find. Also be aware of the tag put into the article. --User:Eleassar777 12:20, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC) :: Thanks for the note on the tag in the article; I missed that. Personally, I don't think wikipedia needs a list of news websites - the web is already full of such lists. But then, we have lists of newspapers and TV stations showing the Simpsons (sheesh!) so I suppose it's not outlandish. - !!!! :Actually the Web is full of everything except what you need in a given moment. Thanks God we have Wikipedia that searches for info instead of us ;). --User:Eleassar777 18:07, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC) == "external" links == Interesting idea to give a more specific lid to the "external links" section. I've returned the work "external," to emphase that (unlike the "see also" area) it's not pointing to wikipedia pages. - User:DavidWBrooks :Well done. I just wanted to format it a little and it's already mada. Thanks --User:Eleassar777 08:27, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC) == origins == I remember having read, that the term NEWS originated from a re-arrangment of NSEW (north, south, east, west) which used to be a part of the header for several early news papers ?. How much is this true --User:IMpbt 17:20, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC) : Check the article and you'll see that this is discussed. (answer: it's not true) - User:DavidWBrooks 17:27, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC) :: Yikes, Thank you :-), --User:IMpbt 18:33, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC) == This article needs a complete rewrite == Just a few comments about this article: News is the reporting of current events usually by local, regional or mass media ... (To say that news is what is reported by the news media is a bit tautological, but it's also incorrect since news would be news even if were merely passed on by word of mouth.) ... in the form of newspapers, television and radio programs, or sites on the World Wide Web. (A listing of the various media used for news reporting is appropriate, but it doesn't have to be included in the first sentence.) ... News reporting is a type of journalism, ... (Wrong. Journalism is a type of news reporting. It is nothing more than the professional reporting, or journaling, of news.) ... typically written or broadcast in news style. (A discussion of news style may be appropriate, but not in this sentence.) ...Most news is investigated and presented by journalists (or reporters) and often di...stributed via news agencies. If the content of news is significant enough, it eventually becomes history... (Some news is investigated, some (probably most) is simply reported. ) Now, brace yourself, because I am slightly critical from this point forward :) ...To be considered news, an event usually must have broad interest ... (One man's trivia is another's news. News is news if it is new and has interest to anyone. It needn't be broad interest.) ... due to one or more news values: * Impact (how many people were, are or will be affected?) * Timeliness (did the event occur very recently?) * Revelation (is there significant new information, previously unknown?) * Proximity (was the event nearby geographically?) * Entertainment (does it make for a fun story?) * Oddity (was the event highly unusual?) * Celebrity (was anyone famous involved?) Here is where I must be somewhat critical. Get rid of this list, please. --To begin with, the "timeliness" item should be removed to stand alone, because without timeliness, we have no news, just information. --Entertainment? A "fun" story is a fun story, not news. Journalists distinguish between news, features, analysis, opinion. Everything that appears in a newspaper is not news. --Celebrity? Again this is tautological. A celebrity is a celebrity because he/she is celebrated, which usually means he/she has been reported on. Does that means that everything that person does henceforth is news? Entertainment maybe, not news. So let me take off my critical hat and try to be a little more constructive. The article should contain: A crisp definition. Something like: News is the factual account of events made soon after their occurrence or their becoming known and delivered to an audience to whom it is of interest. Perhaps a discussion of what is not news, e.g. news analysis, opinion, background and feature articles. The paragraph on objectivity and bias should be eliminated or recast as a discussion of journalistic standards. Care should be taken here. Generalizations about democracies will almost certanly be taken as a sign of your own bias!! Democracy is a vague term to start with. The term is currently being used rather sloppily to mean a particular form of "liberal democracy", i.e. rule by the "demos" but with limits that preserve freedom. This is conducive to a free press, which -- if I may be a bit judgmental -- is a good thing. But a free press isn't necessarily an unbiased press, merely one where the sum of the biases may result in some balance. Better to stick with the importance of balanced reporting (reporting accounts from all parties involved, not just two sides) and the clear separation of news reporting from analysis and judgment. Just my two cents worth. (This was my first Wikipedia post. I hoped I haven't offended everyone :) == Sourcing article doesn't refer to this article == I take issue with the following: "This article has been cited as a source by a media organisation. See the 2004 press source article for details. The source is: Will Richardson (December 28, 2004). "The Future of News Right Now". Ed-Tech Insider. [1] (http://www.eschoolnews.com/eti/2004/12/000426.php)." The only reference to Wikipedia in the above article is to the article on the recent Indian Ocean Tsunami

News

#redirect Template:News

News

{| cellpadding="5" |- |width="50%" valign="top"|This category details items of news and methods of journalism News is the reporting of current events usually by local, regional or mass media in the form of newspapers, television and radio programs, or sites on the World Wide Web. News reporting is a type of journalism, typically written or broadcast in news style. Most news is investigated and presented by journalists (or reporters) and often distributed via news agencies. If the content of news is significant enough, it eventually becomes history. ===Other categories=== *:Category:Years *:Category:History *:Category:Births by year and :Category:Deaths by year *:Category:Years in film and :Category:Films by year *:Category:Years in music |width="50%" style="border:1px solid #c6c9ff; background:#f0f0ff;"|Template:In the news: |}

News

I've created this new category to incorporate newsworthy items into a categorised system. The idea being: *News from just one day/month is included in the month category (ie. :Category:December 2004 news) *News items from more than one month are included in the year category (ie. :Category:2004 news) *News items from more than one year are included in the decade category (ie. :Category:2000s news) The idea is to collect together news items that may not be covered in other sections (sports, conflicts, etc). An example would be Rumaisa Rahman, the smallest baby ever born, who was in the news from the 20th of December for that simple fact. Not wanting to cast doubt on her future achievements but what are the possibilities that that article will be linked to from many others? And the only suitable category at present is :Category:2004 births. Any feedback on this? Is it a worthwhile idea or a little pointless? User:Violetriga User_talk:violetriga 11:50, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC) == Births and deaths == Should the birth and deaths categories (eg. :Category:2004 births and :Category:2004 deaths) be subcategories of the news categories or just linked to them? User:Violetriga User_talk:violetriga 16:01, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC) My first thoughts on seeing this category would be that it would contain articles like New York Times or headline. Is there a better name for this category, so that it doesn't get confused with :Category:Journalism? Best, User:Meelar_User_talk:Meelar">User:Meelar|User:Meelar User talk:Meelar 21:34, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC) :I would see :Category:Journalism as a subset of :Category:News. Perhaps just adding the latter to the former would satisfy that? User:Violetriga User_talk:violetriga 23:32, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC) ::Yes, that would be a good solution. Incidentally, I think the category itself is a good idea; it would be very interesting for researchers or those who browse. Let me know if I can help. User:Meelar_User_talk:Meelar">User:Meelar|User:Meelar User talk:Meelar 19:03, Dec 23, 2004 (UTC)

News

information technology is best

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