Newfoundland

:''This is about the island in Canada. For the Canadian province formerly and still colloquially known as Newfoundland, see Newfoundland and Labrador. For other meanings of Newfoundland, see Newfoundland (disambiguation).'' ---- {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 align=right width=250 class=toccolours style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;" |- !colspan=2 align=center bgcolor="#9999ff"|Newfoundland |- |- !colspan=2 align=center| |- !colspan=2 align=center|Flag of Newfoundland and Labrador |- |colspan=2 align=center| |- !colspan=2 bgcolor="#9999ff"|Geography |- |Surface area:||111,390 square kilometre |- |Water area:|| 7,797 square kilometre |- |Coastline:|| 9,656 km |- |Highest Point:||Lewis Hills
814m |- |Longest River:||Exploits River
246km |- |Admin HQ:||St. John's, Newfoundland |- !colspan=2 bgcolor="#9999ff"|Demographics |- |Population(2001):||485,066 |- |Largest City:||St. John's, Newfoundland
99,182 |- !colspan=2 bgcolor="#9999ff"|Politics |- |colspan=2 align=center|Government of Newfoundland & Labrador
http://www.gov.nl.ca |- |Members of the Parliament of Canada:||6 |- |Members of the Senate of Canada:||6 |- |Members of the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly:||44 |} Newfoundland (French language: ''Terre-Neuve''; Irish language: ''Talamh an �isc''; Latin: ''Terra Nova'') is a large island off the north-east coast of North America, and the most populous part of the Canada province of Newfoundland and Labrador. (The province was called "Newfoundland" until 2001.) Newfoundland is separated from the Labrador Peninsula by the Strait of Belle Isle and from Cape Breton Island by the Cabot Strait. It blocks the mouth of the Saint Lawrence River, creating the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, the world's largest estuary. It is 111,390 km² in area, making it the List of islands by size. The provincial capital, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, is found on the southeastern tip of the island. Cape Spear, just south of the capital, is the easternmost point of North America. The island of Newfoundland has an approximate population of 485,000. The word 'Newfoundland' is pronounced by Newfoundlanders with the second syllable slurred and the accent on the first, (as 'NEW-f'nd-land'). Newfoundland has a dialect of English known as Newfoundland English, a dialect of French known as Newfoundland French and a dialect of Irish known as Newfoundland Irish. The popular 1993 novel by Annie Proulx, ''The Shipping News'', was mostly set in northernmost Newfoundland. == Discovery, Colonization, and Settlement == Newfoundland is the site of the only authenticated Viking settlement in North America, discovered by Norway explorer Helge Ingstad and his archaeologist wife, Anne Stine Ingstad, at L'Anse aux Meadows in 1960. The site of a multi-year archaeology dig, the settlement dating to more than 500 years before Christopher Columbus contains the earliest European structures in North America. Named a World Heritage site by UNESCO, it is believed to be the legendary Vinland settlement of explorer Leif Ericson. After the Vikings, the first European visitors to Newfoundland were Portuguese and English migratory fishermen. Late in the 17th century came Ireland fisherman, who named the island Talamh an �isc, meaning "land of the fish", or "the fishing grounds" in Irish Gaelic language. This was to foreshadow the centuries of importance of Newfoundland's offshore fishing waters. Newfoundland was visited by Giovanni Caboto (John Cabot) in 1497, who landed at either Bonavista or St. John's. It was probably also sighted by Giovanni da Verrazano in 1524, whose expedition was financed by the citizens of Lyon, under the auspices of Francis I of France of France. [[Image:Carlb-fogo-newfoundland-fishery-2002.jpg|thumb|360px|right|A Newfoundland fishing outport]] On July 5, 1610, John Guy set sail from Bristol, England with 39 other colonists for Newfoundland. However, early attempts at permanent colonization failed, and only with the growth of the annual migratory fishery from southwest England and southeast Ireland were early permanent settlements established. France and Basque colonists also arrived to settle on the west coast of Newfoundland. The French called it Terre Neuve. The name ''Newfoundland'' is one of the oldest European place names in Canada in continuous geography and cartography use, dating from a 1502 letter, and clearly stated in the following early poem: A Skeltonicall continued ryme, in praise of my New-found-Land :Although in cloaths, company, buildings faire :With England, New-found-land cannot compare: :Did some know what contentment I found there, :Alwayes enough, most times somewhat to spare, :With little paines, lesse toyle, and lesser care, :Exempt from taxings, ill newes, Lawing, feare, :If cleane, and warme, no matter what you weare, :Healthy, and wealthy, if men carefull are, :With much-much more, then I will now declare, :(I say) if some wise men knew what this were :(I doe beleeue) they'd live no other where. ::From 'The First Booke of ''Qvodlibets''' ::Composed and done at ''Harbor-Grace'' in ::''Britaniola'', anciently called ''Newfound-Land'' ::By Governor Robert Hayman - 1628. == Points of Interest and Major Settlements == Being one of the first places discovered in the New World, Newfoundland has a rich history. St. John's, Newfoundland is considered to be the oldest city in North America. Gros Morne National Park is located on the west coast of Newfoundland and was named a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1987 due to its complex geology and remarkable scenery. It is the largest national park in Atlantic Canada at 1,805 km� (697 sq. mi.). Stephenville, Newfoundland and Labrador, a town of about 8000, once served as an airport base for the US army in the early 1940s. It is about 20 miles north of its former train station, which is surrounded by the town of Stephenville Crossing, Newfoundland and Labrador. Also on the West Coast, Corner Brook is situated in the Bay of Islands, Newfoundland and Labrador region. The major industry in Corner Brook is newsprint manufacturing, and is serviced by the Corner Brook Pulp and Paper Mill. Sandy Point, Newfoundland and Labrador, which is located in Bay Saint George and north of the town of St. George's, Newfoundland and Labrador, was the first and largest settlement of the west coast. However, the last settler, Alphonsus Swyers, was forced to abandon in 1973. Barachois Brook Park is a provincial park that is considered to be a model forest. Marble Mountain is a major attraction in the winter for skiers. It is said to be the best skiing east of the Rocky Mountains. In March, the annual seal hunt (of the harp seal) takes place. Newfoundland is also host to a well-recognized university, Memorial University of Newfoundland, based in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador. Largest communities (2001 population) # St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador (98,182) # Mount Pearl, Newfoundland and Labrador (24,964) # Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador (20,103) # Conception Bay South, Newfoundland and Labrador (19,772) # Grand Falls-Windsor, Newfoundland and Labrador (13,340) # Gander, Newfoundland and Labrador (9,651) # Paradise, Newfoundland and Labrador (9,598) # Stephenville, Newfoundland and Labrador (7,109) # Marystown, Newfoundland and Labrador (5,908) # Portugal Cove-St. Philip's, Newfoundland and Labrador (5,866) # Torbay, Newfoundland and Labrador (5,474) # Bay Roberts, Newfoundland and Labrador (5,237) # Clarenville, Newfoundland and Labrador (5,104) # Deer Lake, Newfoundland and Labrador (4,769) # Carbonear, Newfoundland and Labrador (4,759) # Channel-Port aux Basques, Newfoundland and Labrador (4,637) # Placentia, Newfoundland and Labrador (4,426) # Bonavista, Newfoundland and Labrador (4,021) # Bishop's Falls, Newfoundland and Labrador (3,688) ==Further reading== *Gibbons, Henry K. 1997. ''The Myth and Mystery of John Cabot: The Discoverer of North America''. Marten Cat Publishers, Port Aux Basques, Newfoundland. *Harris, Michael. 1992. ''Rare Ambition: The Crosbies of Newfoundland''. Penguin. ISBN: 0-14-023220-6 == External links == *[http://www2.marianopolis.edu/nfldhistory/index.html Newfoundland History: extensive site from Marianopolis College] ==See Also== *Bacalao la:Terra Nova minnan:Newfoundland Islands of Newfoundland and Labrador

Newfoundland

I removed the flag, capital, and Confederation date of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. This information is already available at Newfoundland and Labrador. The article Newfoundland deals with the island. - user:Montrealais :Actually it wasn't available there, but is now. - User:Hephaestos|User talk:Hephaestos 06:44, 22 Jun 2004 (UTC) The pronunciation 'pends on where you're from. NOO-fn-lan(d) is also acceptable. User:Kwantus 21:33, 2004 Nov 28 (UTC) :The pronunciation with the accent/stress on the final syllable seems strange to me. I'm sure some people pronounce it that way, but to say that "Canadians" do is a bit of a sweeping generalization. (I'd pronounce it NOO-fnd-land, [with secondary stress on the final syllable] and I've heard noo-FOUND-land before also. I don't think I've personally ever heard new-fnd-LAND, though maybe that's is the standard pronunciation ''in'' Newfoundland? Does anyone object to changing the sentence to "The word 'Newfoundland' is pronounced in various ways." or something similar? -User:JoshRaspberry 01:07, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC) ::Also, is there a wikipedia policy/guideline on how to represent pronunciation? (I.e. are we supposed to use the International Phonetic Alphabet, X-SAMPA, SAMPA, or just spell it out?) -User:JoshRaspberry 01:45, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC) :::See Wikipedia:Pronunciation -- IPA is preferred. — User:CatherineMunro\^{User_talk:CatherineMunro} 02:50, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC) ------------- I've moved this back here from Island of Newfoundland; it was moved with no explanation, and the person who moved it failed to fix any of the numerous links. - User:Montrealais 23:36, 29 Dec 2004 (UTC) ------------- I had thought the Newfoundland scenes from the Shipping News were filmed mostly in Trinity, Newfoundland and Labrador, which is in eastern Newfoundland, not northern Newfoundland? Filming was planned for Rocky Harbour, Newfoundland and Labrador in north-central Newfoundland, but it was moved for some reason. Parts of Nova Scotia's St. Margaret's Bay also subbed in for scenes of Newfoundland, and Halifax's south end played host to the scenes in upstate New York. User:Plasma east 07:42, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC) == Pronunciation of Newfoundland == Being from the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, I can tell you that Newfoundland is pronounced with the emphasis on the land part. Pronouce it simliar to the word "understand". I alway use the phrase "Newfoundland... understand?" when trying to teach people how to say it properly. ==Jo�o Vaz Corte-Real== I have serious doubts about this: : "Newfoundland" (originally, Terra Nova) was named by the Portuguese Jo�o Vaz Corte-Real in 1472, making it the oldest European name in North America. I do not believe there are any commonly-accepted accounts of pre-Columbian European landfalls in North America other than those of the Vikings. The page for Jo�o Vaz Corte-Real indicates that it is far less certain that he ever visited Newfoundland than the Newfoundland page indicates. Does anybody know where the name really came from? Even if Corte-Real used the same name, ''Terra Nova'' (literally 'New Land') is a pretty obvious name for a discovery. --User:Saforrest 01:17, May 1, 2005 (UTC) :That sounds like a hoax. I've never seen anything about this in any history books I've read.[User:Funnyhat|Funnyhat]] 06:21, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)

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