
:''"National Socialism" redirects here. For alternate meanings, see National Socialism (disambiguation).'' Nazism, or more correctly National Socialism (German language: ''Nationalsozialismus'', often abbreviated ''NS'') is a political ideology promoting Germanic racial aspirations and a strong and centrally governed state. The term is most often used in connection with the dictatorship of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945 (the "Third Reich"). This ideology was held by the National Socialist German Workers Party (''Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei'', commonly called NSDAP or the Nazi Party), which was led by its "Führer" Adolf Hitler. Adherents of Nazism held that the Germanic peoples nation and the Aryan race were superior to other races. Nazism has been outlawed in modern Germany, although remnants and revivalists, known as "Neo-Nazism", continue to operate in Germany and abroad. The term is derived from the word ''Nazi'', which is used to label the supporters of the ''National Socialism''. This term in turn was originally invented as tongue-in-cheek analogy to ''Sozi'' (a common and slightly pejorative abbreviation for socialists in Germany), but became more popular and much more pejorative than the original. ==Ideological theory== The success of National Socialism has been attributed to the fact that it drew support from two popular ideologies, nationalism and socialism. The Nazis sought to build a strong State militarily, and a strong Welfare state economically, to protect and serve the interests of racially pure Germans, while being led by a supreme leader. They also wanted to abolish Parasitism_%28social_offense%29 and to build a planned economy. According to ''Mein Kampf'' (''My Struggle''), Hitler developed his political theories after carefully observing the policies of the Austria-Hungary. He was born as a citizen of the Empire, and believed that ethnic and linguistic diversity had weakened it. Further, he saw democracy as a destabilizing force, because it placed power in the hands of ethnic minorities, who he claimed had incentives to further "weaken and destabilize" the Empire. The Nazi rationale was heavily invested in the Militarism belief that great nations grow from military power, which in turn grows "naturally" from "rational, civilized cultures." Hitler's calls appealed to disgruntled German Nationalists, eager to save face for the failure of World War I, and to salvage the militaristic nationalist mindset of that previous era. After Austria's and Germany's defeat of World War I, many Germans still had heartfelt ties to the goal of creating a greater Germany, and thought that the use of military force to achieve it was necessary. Many placed the blame for Germany's misfortunes on those, such as Jew and Communism, whom they perceived, in one way or another, to have sabotaged the goal of national victory. Hitler's Racial policy of Nazi Germany also claimed that the Aryan race is a master race, superior to all other races, that a nation is the highest creation of a race, and great nations (literally ''large'' nations) were the creation of great races. These nations developed cultures that naturally grew from races with "natural good health, and aggressive, intelligent, courageous traits." The weakest nations, Hitler said, were those of impure or mongrel races, because they have divided, quarrelling, and therefore weak cultures. Worst of all were seen to be the parasitic Untermensch (''Subhumans''), mainly Jews, but also Gypsies, homosexuals, the disabled and so called anti-socials, all of whom were considered ''lebensunwertes Leben'' (''Life-unworthy life'') owing to their perceived deficiency and inferiority. The History_of_Gays_during_the_Holocaust as part of the Holocaust has seen increasing scholarly attention since the 1990s. The History_of_Gays_during_the_Holocaust in the Nazi Party is considered anecdotal by most historians. Some tiny groups, like the International Committee for Holocaust Truth, and authors Scott Lively and Kevin E. Abrams in ''The Pink Swastika: Homosexuality in the Nazi Party,'' (ISBN 0964760932), argue that many homosexuals were involved in the inner circle of the Nazi party: Ernst Röhm of the SA (whose execution was thinly rationalized as being based on his homosexuality), Horst Wessel, Max Bielas, and others. This perspective is denounced as hateful propaganda by most human rights associations and groups, stirring heated debates and accusations of censorship and "hate-speech" from both sides. Most historians and scholars of fascism do not take the work of Lively and Abrams seriously, and dismiss it as part of a Christian Right campaign against gay rights. People of Slavic peoples descent were also seen as subhuman, but only marginally parasitic, because they had their own land and nations, though many of them lived in German countries such as Austria, which Hitler saw as an ethnic invasion of Germanic Lebensraum by foreign populations who would have incentive to force Austria's loyalty to their lands of ethnic and cultural origin. According to Nazism, it is an obvious mistake to permit or encourage multilingualism and multiculturalism within a nation. Fundamental to the Nazi goal was the unification of all Germanic tribe, "unjustly" divided into different Nation States. Hitler claimed that nations that could not defend their territory did not deserve it. Slave races he thought of as less worthy to exist than "master races." In particular, if a master race should require room to live (''Lebensraum''), he thought such a race should have the right to displace the inferior Indigenous peoples. Hitler draws parallels between Lebensraum and the American ethnic cleansing and relocation policies towards the Native American, which he saw as key to the success of the US. "Races without homelands," Hitler proclaimed, were "parasitic races," and the richer the members of a "parasitic race" are, the more "virulent" the parasitism was thought to be. A "master race" could therefore, according to the Nazi doctrine, easily strengthen itself by eliminating "parasitic races" from its homeland. This was the given rationalization for the Nazis' later oppression and elimination of Jew Poles and Roma (people) in what is known as the Holocaust. Hitler and his ''living space'' doctrine found immense popularity among German population. Wehrmacht Waffen-SS and other German soldiers as well as civilian paramilitary groups killed millions. Hitler extended his rationalizations into religious doctrine, claiming that those who agreed with and taught his "truths," were "true" or "master" religions, because they would "create mastery" by avoiding comforting lies. Those that preach love and tolerance, "in contravention to the facts," were said to be "slave" or "false" religions. The man who recognizes these "truths," Hitler continued, was said to be a "natural leader," and those who deny it were said to be "natural slaves." "Slaves," especially intelligent ones he claimed, were always attempting to hinder masters by promoting false religious and political doctrines. The ideological roots which became German "National Socialism" were based on numerous sources in European history, drawing especially from Romance 19th Century idealism, and from a biological misreading of Friedrich Nietzsche's thoughts on "breeding upwards" toward the goal of an Übermensch (''Superhuman''). Hitler was an avid reader and received ideas that were later to influence Nazism from traceable publications, such as those of the Germanenorden (''Germanic Order'') or the Thule society. He also took many popular elements from socialism, such as socializing the property of the rich to benefit the masses, abolishing profits and rents and generously increasing social benefits. Nevertheless, Nazis considered pure socialists and communists, not merely liberals, as their enemies. Hitler's theories were not only attractive to Germans. People in positions of wealth and power in other nations saw them as beneficial. Examples are Henry Ford, founder of the Ford Motor Company, and Eugene Schueller, founder of L'Oréal. Nevertheless, the support for these theories were highest among the working class in Germany and elsewhere. Nazi mysticism Nazi mysticism is a term used to describe a philosophical undercurrent of Nazism; it denotes the combination of Nazism with occultism, esotericism, cryptohistory, and/or the paranormal. == Key elements of the Nazi ideology== [[Image:naziswastika.png|frame|The Nazi Party used a right-facing swastika as their symbol and the red and black colors were said to represent ''Blut und Boden'' (blood and soil). Black, white, and red were in fact the colors of the old North German Confederation flag (invented by Otto von Bismarck, based on the Prussian colors black and white, blended with the red and white of the medieval Hanseatic League). In 1871, with the foundation of the German Reich, the flag of the North German Confederation became the German ''Reichsflagge'' (Reich's flag). Black, white, and red subsequently became the colors of the nationalists (e.g. during World War I and the Weimar Republic.]] * National Socialist Program * Racism ** Especially anti-Semitism, which eventually culminated in the Holocaust. ** The creation of a ''Herrenrasse'' (''Master Race'' = by the Lebensborn (''Fountain of Life''; A department in the Third Reich) ** Anti-Slavism ** Belief in the superiority of the White, Germanic, Aryan or Nordic races. * Euthanasia and Eugenics with respect to "Racial Hygiene" * Anti-Marxism, Anti-Communism, Anti-Bolshevik * The rejection of democracy, with as a consequence the ending the existence of political parties, labour unions, and free press. * Führerprinzip (''Leader Principle'') Belief in the leader (Responsibility up the ranks, and authority down the ranks.) * Strong show of local culture. * Social Darwinism * Defense of ''Blood and Soil'' (German language: ''"Blut und Boden"'' - represented by the red and black colors in the Nazi flag) * "Lebensraumpolitik", "Lebensraum im Osten" (The creation of more living space for Germans in the east) * Related to Fascism === Nazism and romanticism === According to Bertrand Russell, Nazism comes from a different tradition from that of either liberal capitalism or communism. Thus, to understand values of Nazism, it is necessary to explore this connection, without trivializing the movement as it was in its peak years in the 1930s and dismissing it as a little more than racism. Many historiographers say that the anti-Semitic element, which does not exist in the sister fascism movements in Italy and Spain, was adopted by Adolf Hitler to gain popularity for the movement, as Anti-Semitic prejudice was very common among the masses in the German Empire at that time. It is claimed that mass acceptance required anti-Semitism, as well as flattery of the wounded pride of German people after the defeat of WWI. Others see anti-Semitism as central to Hitler's Weltanschauung (''World view''). Many see strong connections to the values of Nazism and the irrationalist tradition of the romanticism of the early 19th century. Strength, passion, lack of hypocrisy, utilitarianism, traditional family values, and devotion to community were valued by the Nazis and first expressed by many Romantic artists, musicians, and writers, as well as the Nazi elite, the ancient Greek habit of same-sex relations between the military and young boys praised notably in Plato's works, and favored by German sensualists such as Röhm, Bielas and Wessel. German romanticism in particular expressed these values. For instance, Hitler identified closely with the music of Richard Wagner (a noted anti-Semite, author of ''Das Judenthum in der Musik'', and idol to the young Hitler). Wagner's most important operas, the Ring cycle, express Aryanist ideals, contain what some people interpret as anti-Semitic caricatures, and celebrate traditional Norse Aryan folklore and values. The idealisation of tradition, folklore, classical thought, the leadership of Frederick the Great, their rejection of the liberalism of the Weimar Republic and the decision to call the German state the Third Reich (which hearkens back to the medieval First Reich and the pre-Weimar Republic Second Reich) has led many to regard the Nazis as reactionary. ===Ideological competition=== Nazism and Communism emerged as two serious contenders for power in Germany after the World War I, particularly as the Weimar Republic became increasingly unstable. What became the Nazi movement arose out of resistance to the Bolshevik-inspired insurgencies that occurred in Germany in the aftermath of the First World War. The Russian Revolution of 1917 caused a great deal of excitement and interest in the Leninist version of Marxism and caused many socialists to adopt revolutionary principles. The 1918-1919 Munich Soviet and the 1919 Spartacist uprising in Berlin were both manifestations of this. The Freikorps, a loosely organised paramilitary group (essentially a militia of former World War I soldiers) was used to crush both these uprisings and many leaders of the Freikorps, including Ernst Röhm, later became leaders in the Nazi party. Capitalists and conservatives in Germany feared that a takeover by the Communist Party of Germany was inevitable and did not trust the democratic parties of the Weimar Republic to be able to resist a communist revolution. Increasing numbers of capitalists began looking to the nationalist movements as a bulwark against Bolshevism. After Mussolini's fascists took power in Italy in 1922, fascism presented itself as a realistic option for opposing "Communism", particularly given Mussolini's success in crushing the Communist and anarchist movements which had destabilised Italy with a wave of strikes and factory occupations after the First World War. Fascist parties formed in numerous European countries. Many historians, such as Ian Kershaw and Joachim Fest, argue that Hitler and the Nazis were one of numerous nationalist and increasingly fascistic groups that existed in Germany and contended for leadership of the anti-Communism movement and, eventually, of the German state. Further, they assert that fascism and its German variant, ''National Socialism'', became the successful challengers to Communism because they were able to both appeal to the establishment as a bulwark against Bolshevism and appeal to the working class base with its own version of socialism, particularly the growing underclass of unemployed and unemployable and growingly impoverished middle class elements who were becoming declassed (the lumpenproletariat). The Nazi's incorporation of socialistic principles appealed to those disaffected with capitalism while presenting a political and economic model that divested "Soviet socialism" of elements which were dangerous to capitalism, such as the concept of class struggle, "the dictatorship of the proletariat" or worker control of the means of production. ===Support of anti-Communists for Fascism and Nazism=== Various right-wing politicians and political parties in Europe welcomed the rise of fascism and the Nazis out of an intense aversion towards Communism. According to them, Hitler was the savior of Western civilization and of capitalism against Bolshevism. Among these supporters in the 1920s and early 1930s was the Conservative Party (UK) in Britain. During the later 1930s and 1940s, the Nazis were supported by the Falange movement in Spain, and by political and military figures who would form the government of Vichy France. A ''Legion of French Volunteers against Bolshevism'' (LVF) and other anti-Soviet fighting formations were formed. The British Conservative party and the right-wing parties in France appeased the Nazi regime in the mid- and late-1930s, even though they had begun to criticise its totalitarianism. Some contemporary commentators suggested that these parties did in fact still support the Nazis. === Nazism and Anglo-Saxons === Hitler admired the British Empire as a shining example of expansionist Nordic genius. Racist theories had been developed in Britain and elsewhere during the 19th century to justify European imperial power. Nordicism and Aryan race arose from these developments. Especially important was the idea that North Europeans represented the highest branch of the Aryan peoples, who had in ancient times extended into India and created Indian culture (see Aryan invasion theory). Such Racist imperialist theories justified the idea that some races were innately superior, born to rule, while others were parasitic or inferior "savages." These concepts were often copied by the Nazis. Similarly, in his early years Hitler also greatly admired United States. In ''Mein Kampf'', he praised the United States for its race-based anti-immigration laws and for the subordination of the "inferior" black population. According to Hitler, America was a successful nation because it kept itself "pure" of "lesser races." However, as war approached, his view of the United States became more negative and he believed that Germany would have an easy victory over the United States precisely because the United States, in his later estimation, had become a mongrel nation, calling it "hopelessly negrofied". [[Image:EconNaziPropaganda.png|frame|left|Nazi domestic economic propaganda flyer]] == Economic practice == Nazi economic practice concerned itself with immediate domestic issues and separately with ideological conceptions of international trade. Domestic economic policy was narrowly concerned with three major goals: * Elimination of unemployment * Elimination of hyperinflation * Expansion of production of consumer goods to improve middle- and lower-class living standards. All of these policy goals were intended to address the perceived shortcomings of the Weimar Republic and to solidify domestic support for the party. In this, the party was very successful. Between 1933 and 1936 the Nazi Germany Measures of national income increased by an average annual rate of 9.5 percent, and the rate for industry alone rose by 17.2 percent. This expansion propelled the German economy out of a deep Depression (economics) and into full employment in less than four years. Public consumption during the same period increased by 18.7%, while private consumption increased by 3.6% annually. However, as this production was primarily ''consumptive'' rather than ''productive'' (make-work projects, expansion of the war-fighting machine, initiation of conscription to remove working age males from the labor force), inflationary pressures began to rear their head again, although not to the highs of the Weimar Republic. These economic pressures, combined with the war-fighting machine created in the expansion (and concomitant pressures for its use), has led some to conclude that a European war was inevitable. (See War.) Some economists argue that the expansion of the German economy between 1933 and 1936 was not the result of the Nazi party, but rather the consequence of economic policies of the late Weimar Republic which had begun to have an effect. In addition, it has been pointed out that while it is often popularly believed that the Nazis ended hyperinflation, the end of hyperinflation preceded the Nazis by several years. Internationally, the Nazi party believed that an international banking cabal was behind the Depression (economics) of the 1930s. The control of this cabal was identified with the ethnic group known as Jews, providing another link in their ideological motivation for the destruction of that group in the Holocaust. However, broadly speaking, the existence of large international banking or merchant banking organizations was well known at this time. Many of these banking organizations were able to exert influence upon nation states by extension or withholding of credit. This influence is not limited to the small states that preceded the creation of the German Empire as a nation state in the 1870s, but is noted in most major histories of all European powers from the 16th century onward. It is important to note that the Nazi Party's conception of ''international'' economics was very limited. As the ''National Socialist'' in the name NSDAP suggests, the party's primary motivation was to incorporate previously international resources into the Reich by force, rather than by trade (compare to the international socialism as practiced by the Soviet Union and the COMECON trade organization). This made international economic theory a supporting factor in the political ideology rather than a core plank of the platform as it is in most modern political parties. In an economic sense, Nazism and Fascism are related. Nazism shares many economic features with Fascism, featuring complete government control of finance and investment (allocation of credit), industry, and agriculture. Yet in both of these systems, corporate power and market based systems for providing price information still existed. Rather than the state requiring goods from industrial enterprises and allocating raw materials required for their production (as in socialist/communist systems), the state paid for these goods. This allows price to play an essential role in providing information as to relative scarcity of materials, or the capital requirements in technology or labor (including education, as in skilled labor) inputs to produce a manufactured good. Additionally, the unionist (strictly speaking, syndicalism) veneer placed on corporate labor relations was another major point of agreement. Both the German and Italian fascist political parties began as unionist labor movements, and grew into totalitarian dictatorships. This idea was maintained throughout their time in power, with state control used as a means to eliminate the assumed conflict between management labor relations. == Effects == These theories were used to justify a totalitarianism political agenda of racial hatred and suppression using all the means of the state, and suppressing dissent. Like other fascism regimes, the Nazi regime emphasized anti-communism and the leader principle ''(Führerprinzip),'' a key element of fascist ideology in which the ruler is deemed to embody the political movement and the nation. Unlike other fascist ideologies, Nazism was virulently racism. Some of the manifestations of Nazi racism were: * Anti-Semitism, culminating in the Holocaust * Ethnic nationalism, including the notion of Germanic people's status as the ''Herrenvolk'' ("master race") and ''Übermensch'' * A belief in the need to purify the German race through eugenics - this culminated in the involuntary euthanasia of disabled people and the compulsory sterilization of people with mental deficiencies or illnesses perceived as hereditary Anti-clericalism was also part of Nazi ideology, although it was never acted on as the Nazis often used the church to justify their stance and included many Christian symbols in the Third Reich. == Backlash effects == Perhaps the primary intellectual effect has been that Nazi doctrines discredited the attempt to use sociobiology to explain or influence social issues, for at least two generations after Nazi Germany's brief existence. The Nazi descendants have been mute in the post-war democracies, with some exceptions, when interviewed by psychologists and historians. In Norway, a group of descendants have taken the official stigmatizing appellation "Nazi children" in order to break the silence and to protest against the continuous demonization of their families. Some historical revisionism disseminate propaganda which minimizes the Holocaust and other Nazi acts, and attempts to put a positive spin (politics) on the policies of the Nazi regime and the events which occurred under it. These revisionists are often, however, either aligned with, or in the employ of, neo-Nazis, and this fact itself often casts suspicion on their beliefs. == People and history == The most prominent Nazi was Adolf Hitler, who ruled Nazi Germany from 30 January 1933 until his suicide on 30 April 1945, led the German Reich into World War II. Under Hitler, ethnic nationalism and racism were joined together through an ideology of militarism to serve his goals. After the war, many prominent Nazis were convicted of war crime and crime against humanity at the Nuremberg Trials. A few scattered people, mostly not from Germany, converted to Nazism during or after World War II and contributed to further development of the ideology, especially in a spiritual or esoteric direction: Savitri Devi of India, Miguel Serrano of Chile, George Lincoln Rockwell of the United States. == Nazism in relation to other concepts == See the article Nazism in relation to other concepts for Nazism's relation to: * Nazism_in_relation_to_other_concepts#Nazism_and_religion *Nazism_in_relation_to_other_concepts#Nazism_and_fascism * Nazism_in_relation_to_other_concepts#Nazism_and_socialism *Nazism_in_relation_to_other_concepts#Nazism_and_race ==The role of the nation== [[Image:CWswastika.png|frame|left|Nazi sacred symbol – the swastika or ''gamma cross'']] The Nazi symbol is the right-facing swastika. The Nazi state was founded upon a racially-defined "German Volk". This is a central concept of ''Mein Kampf'', symbolized by the motto ''Ein Volk, ein Reich, ein Führer'' (one people, one empire, one leader). The Nazi relationship between the Volk and the state was called the Volksgemeinschaft - a concept that defined a communal duty of citizens in service to the Reich. The term "National Socialism," arguably derives from this citizen-nation relationship, whereby the term ''socialism'' is invoked (socialism is traditionally defined as "the public ownership over the means of production") and is meant to be realized through the communal duty of the Volk to the Reich or German nation, the collective cause for which production is presumably in service of. The Reich, in turn, was a virulently ''nationalist'' ideology, a tendency which decisively defined its organizational thrust and overall immediate and long-term aims. In practice, the Nazis argued, this notion served to bring forth a nation-state as the locus and embodiment of the people's collective will, bound by the ''Volksgemeinschaft'' as both an ideal and an operating instrument, geared to serve the interests of the German people. In comparison, many socialist ideologies oppose the idea of nations, which they see as artificial divisions that support the status quo and oppression. They argue that one crucial consequence of national divisions is that they lead to wars of aggression, waged for the interest of the ruling class. == Factors which promoted the success of Nazism == An important question about National Socialism is that of which factors promoted its success, not only in Germany, but also in other European countries (in the 1930s and early 1940s Nazi-type movements could be found in Sweden, Britain, Italy, Spain and even in the US) in the twenties and thirties of the last century? These factors may have included: * Economic devastation all over Europe after WWI * Lack of orientation of many people after the breakdown of monarchy in many European countries. * A perception that there was a disproportionate number of Jews in the German bourgeoisie (or upper class). * Perceived Jewish involvement in war profiteering during WWI * Appeal of socialism or socialist rhetoric to the German working class * Humiliation of Germany at the Treaty of Versailles, and the widespread belief that the German military were not defeated on the battlefield but "stabbed in the back" by her politicians * Rejection of Communism (particularly ''redistribution of wealth'' ) and the perception that socialism and Communism were Jewish-inspired and Jewish -led movements; hence the Nazi use of the term ''Judeo-Bolshevik'' * The Wall Street Crash of 1929 *Hitler's choice of taking power through legal political means rather then a violent coup after the failure of Beer Hall Putsch == Nazi / Third Reich terminology in popular culture == The multiple atrocities and extremist ideology that the Nazis followed have made them notorious in popular discourse as well as history. The term "Nazi" has become a genericised term of abuse. So have other Third Reich terms like "Führer" (often spelled "fuhrer" or less often, but more correctly, "fuehrer" in English-speaking countries), "Fascist", "Gestapo" (short for ''Geheime Staatspolizei'', or ''Secret State Police'' in English), "uber/ueber" (from ''Übermensch'', superior person, Aryan as opposite to ''Untermensch'') or "Hitler". The terms are used to describe any people or behaviours that are viewed as thuggish, overly authoritarian, or extremist. In the context of the Western World, ''Nazi'' or ''fascist'' is also sometimes used by (generally Left-wing) opposition to malign political groups (such as the France National Front (France)) advocating restrictive measures on immigration, or strong law enforcement powers. It is sometimes used by other left-wing groups and individuals in the United States and other countries as a type of insult, used broadly against anyone they perceive as disagreeing with their beliefs or opposed to them; conservatives or anyone who is not left-wing. Variations on this theme in the US can include calling someone a "goose-stepper" or a "brownshirt." Critics of Israel have recently taken to using comparisons with the Nazis in describing its treatment of Palestinians, particularly with regards to Israel's separation barrier on the Israeli West Bank barrier. Some regard this usage as anti-Semitism. The terms are also used to describe anyone or anything seen as strict or doctrinaire. Phrases like "Grammar Nazi", "Feminism", "Open Source Nazi", and "ubergeek" are examples of those in use in the USA. These uses are offensive to some, as the controversy in the popular press over the ''Seinfeld'' "Soup Nazi" episode indicates, but still the terms are used so frequently as to inspire "Godwin's law". More innocent terms, like "fashion police", also bear some resemblance to Nazi terminology (Gestapo, Secret State Police) as well as references to Police states in general. It can also be found that German-sounding or German-looking spellings of English words are used to claim superiority in some area, or to create some impression of power or brutality. For example, to give English words a German touch, the letter 'C' is often replaced by 'K', like "kool" or "kommandos". A well known example of "germanization" of names are the names of heavy metal bands like Mötley Crüe, or Motörhead. See Heavy metal umlaut. Another similar effect can be observed in the usage of typefaces. Some people strongly associate the blackletter typefaces (e.g. fraktur (typeface) or schwabacher) with Nazi propaganda (although the typeface is much older, and its usage, ironically, was banned by government order in 1941). A less strong association can be observed with the ''Futura (typeface)'' typeface, which today is sometimes described as "germanic" and "muscular". =="Holy sites"== As, especially after World War II, Nazism became for many of its followers a spiritual path akin to a religion, it naturally had some sites of pilgrimage, which one might call "holy sites". Savitri Devi visited many of them during Pilgrimage (book) in 1953. *Berchtesgaden, home of the Berghof. *Braunau am Inn, birthplace of Adolf Hitler. *Feldherrnhalle, site of, the end of, the failed Munich Putsch *Leonding, where the parents of Adolf Hitler were buried. *Linz, where Hitler went to school. *Landsberg am Lech, where Hitler was imprisoned. *Nuremberg, site of the enormous Nazi rallies. *Wewelsburg, headquarters of the SS. *Wunsiedel, burial site of Rudolf Hess. Devi also visited some sites, as part of her pilgrimage, not directly connected to Nazism, but of Germanic spiritual, or German national significance: *Externsteine, pre-christian formation *Hermannsdenkmal, statue of Germany's national hero Arminius the Cheruscan Source: [http://library.flawlesslogic.com/devi_bio.htm] ==Related topics== *Glossary of the Third Reich *History of Germany *Nazi Songs *Consequences of German Nazism *General Government *Doublespeak (for a discussion of the semantic implications of words such as ''Nazi''). *Führerprinzip *Nazi concentration camp badges *Nuremberg Trials *Kultur *Mysticism in Nazi Germany *Das Schwarze Korps *Nazi architecture For earlier National Socialist movements which merged with Nazism see: *Austrian National Socialism *Czech National Socialism *Nuremburg Party Rallies For modern Nazism see: *Neo-Nazism ==Bibliography== ===General=== *''Hitler, 1889-1936: Hubris'' by Ian Kershaw ISBN 0393320359 *''Hitler: 1936-1945 Nemesis'' by Ian Kershaw ISBN 0393322521 *''The Meaning of Hitler'' (Not a scholarly reference but an analysis of Hitler's life) by Sebastian Haffner (Harvard University Press, originally published in German language in 1978. ISBN 0-674-55775-1) ===Primary sources=== *''Mein Kampf/My Struggle'' by Adolf Hitler ISBN 1410102033 *''The Myth of the Twentieth Century: An Evaluation of the Spiritual-Intellectual Confrontations of Our Age'' by Alfred Rosenberg ISBN 0939482444 ==See also== * Japanese nationalism, Japanese Radical Right-Nationalist Local Ideology from the World War II era to the present days * Polylogism ==External links== * [http://www.spiritone.com/~gdy52150/chpt1.htm What Fascism Is & Isn't] - with references to both Fascism and Nazism, explaining why they are not Leftist by Glen Yeadon * [http://lamar.colostate.edu/~grjan/hayeknaziism.html The Socialist Roots of Naziism] by Friedrich Hayek introduces the historical connections of Nazism and socialism * [http://jonjayray.netfirms.com/hitler.html Hitler was a socialist] by John J. Ray explains the common points of Hitler's ideas and socialism * [http://www.huppi.com/kangaroo/L-hitler.htm "Myth: Hitler was a leftist"] - an extensive case against portraying Hitler as a Left-winger by Steve Kangas *[http://www.tenc.net/vatican/cpixb.htm The Pictures Tell the Tale: The Vatican and Nazism in Germany and Croatia] * [http://www.third-reich-books.com/x-582-germanys-hitler.htm "Hitler's Boyhood"] - excerpt from contemporary Hitler biography about his boyhood * [http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/ German Propaganda Archive] * [http://www.mises.org/fullstory.aspx?Id=1691 "The Source of Hitler's Success"] - by Ludwig von Mises dated 1940 * [http://www.antifa.org.uk/ Antifa Britain] - Anti-Fascist Action, organization in the UK Anti-Semitism Nazi Germany Nazism Socialism Anti-Polonism German loanwords bs:Nacizam fa:نازیسم simple:Nazism
==Archive== *Talk:Nazism/Revolutionary not Reactionary *Talk:Nazism/Archive 1 *Talk:Nazism/Archive 2 *Nazism/Unprotected temp *Talk:Nazism and socialism ==Worth making a point about== user:Knucmo2 wrote (20:35, 31 Oct 2004) Adolf Hitler is said to have drawn upon Nietzsche in the article, and yes he did read a lot of work most probably by Nietzsche, which is made doubly obvious by his some of his concepts, which were a result of his misreading of the philosopher. The only ideas Nietzsche remotely shared I believe with the Nazis were his glorification of conflict (not necessarily military conflict, as so many blindfolded critics stoop to believe), and his collectivism (Communist idea.) In contrast, Nietzsche's views of the difference between strong and weak, between masters and men, were a sharp contrast to the Nazi philosophy. Nietzsche's famous "blond beast" aphorism probably sounded like music to Hitler's ears, and he could made many variations on that theme alone. ==The path to featured article status== The article is too long. Nazism#Nazism_in_relation_to_other_concepts needs to be split into separate articles. I am going to focus myself on Nazism and religion, as that is an area of particular expertise and interest of mine. Lets go way out of our way to be civil and considerate of each other and the readers, and we should be able to get this article featured someday :) User:Sam Spade http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=User_talk:Sam_Spade&action=edit§ion=new Spade 14:12, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC) ==Nazism and religion, references== user:AndyL wrote (18:32, 3 Oct 2004) :Sam, you've allowed your own prejudices to guide your editing. You've completely disregarded the following exchange on Nazism and religion: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- There are no Christian influences in Nazism. Andy. I haven't read anything anywhere. I do Know that Hitler was influenced by Marxists and the SPD and by the Socialists in Vienna. He copied them. Unprotect the page Andy. user:WHEELER 14:57, 4 Sep 2004 (UTC) :No, do not unprotect it. It is a controversial and complex issue and such absolute, black&white claims do not do the subject justice (and it is about Nazism, not just Hitler ''per se.''). One work by historian Steigmann-Gall, views Nazism as ultimately Unchristian, but still "point[s] out how much Nazism owed to German Christian, especially Protestant, concepts." Steigmann-Gall, Richard. ''The Holy Reich: Nazi Conceptions of Christianity, 1919-1945''. (Cambridge University Press, 2003). [http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0521823714//qid=1094313651/sr=1-1/ref=sr_1_1/002-7142604-2976830?v=glance&s=books&vi=reviews Book reviews (amazon - editorial) for ''Nazi Conceptions of Christianity''] user:El_C :El_C, if you have read the book then I suggest you edit the section about religion. The book seems good when I read the reviews on Amazon. Please tell us what you know because the books make me curious. User:Andries 18:50, 4 Sep 2004 (UTC) :Also, most of my "key" edits were to "Nazism and Socialism". I haven't gotten that far down yet. Sam, if protection is lifted do you promise not to implement your changes unilterally as you did last time and allow for a consensus to develop here instead?User:AndyL 19:20, 4 Sep 2004 (UTC) :Sorry, I have not read it, I am only (somewhat) familliar of its role in the historiography. The following are works that could also prove of value: -------- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Nazism/Archive_2#Nazism_and_religion.2C_references Nazism and religion: references] user:El_C ------ Addendum: I forgot to note that I have encountered scores of books on the subject written in German (without an English translation) on the topic of Nazism and religion, so I encourage German-speaking contributors to seek those also as the title of some of these strikes me as potentially quite valuable. user:El_C (4 Sep) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :WTF? I thought talk page flooding was vogels thing. Is there anything you are able to articulate, because the above isn't what I would call an effective dialogue. In the future, if theres something you'd like me to review, please give me a hyperlink, and a bit of context. User:Sam Spade http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=User_talk:Sam_Spade&action=edit§ion=new Spade 22:39, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC) ::Yeah! What the hell do you think you're doing with all those references?!?!? Do you actually expect anyone to take the time to visit a *shudder* ''library'' before editing articles? User:MirvUser talk:Mirv Special:Emailuser/Mirv 22:43, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC) :::That would be alot funnier if I didn't regularly edit from the library. Or maybe if I wasn't well versed in literature on the subject of Nazi Germany? Or many if I was... Oh, I guess it just wasn't funny at all, by any measure. Thanks for thinking of me tho. User:Sam Spade http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=User_talk:Sam_Spade&action=edit§ion=new Spade 22:47, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC) Sam, you tried to remove references to Christianity from the article except to call those who suggest there is a connection "anti-Christian" rather than base your edits on the discussion we had when the article was protected you've completely disregarded what was said. User:AndyL 22:41, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC) :Well thats a bit better, at least I know what your talking about now. I didn't mean to bias things in that way, and I'm fine w the edit you made a few minutes ago. What do you think of the very many other edits I made? Any chance I might possibly squeeze a compliment out of you for my hours work? User:Sam Spade http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=User_talk:Sam_Spade&action=edit§ion=new Spade 22:44, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC) ''WTF? I thought talk page flooding was vogels thing. Is there anything you are able to articulate, because the above isn't what I would call an effective dialogue'' Try to stay calm. A talk page can always be archived when it becomes too lenghy. The list cannot be considered flooding if its items are pertinent. The point for it was to demonstrate that the topic should not be omitted so readily — listing these references helped to establish this. I urge you to review the comments that preceded these for further context. I remain hopeful that it proves useful here. Inarticulately yours, user:El_C :Well, if you focus on the sentance you left out "''if theres something you'd like me to review, please give me a hyperlink, and a bit of context.''" you might understand what I was getting at. Actually, you seem to have done just what I asked, which is great. It wasn't you, nor the opportunity to discuss and review references and previous discussion that annoyed me (how I reacted in anyway other than "calm" I cannot fathom), it was the manner in which things were done ("''Sam, you've allowed your own prejudices to guide your editing. You've completely disregarded the following exchange on Nazism and religion''"...), and the lack of context. User:Sam Spade http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=User_talk:Sam_Spade&action=edit§ion=new Spade 11:55, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC) :: Fair enough. I mistook your comments to indicate a criticism of the refernce list ''per se.'' as not being a part of the dialogue — only after making my comment did I notice the discrapencies that made the page misleading and read poorly. I should have noted that there and then, but I neglected to (was preoccupied at the time). So I retract my comments. As for reading a lack of calm in your aforementioned comment, the reason for this was the ''WTF'', I simply found it to be a term uncharectaristic with your usual demeanour here (and I did view it as directed towards myself, author of the reference list), so I arrived to that conclusion. But that isn't very important one way or the other. user:El_C :actually it was directed towards andy, who responded to my suggestion that we work together amiably and focus on separate areas (maybe I should have been more clear that I was avoiding the whole socialist debate in my edits as an appeasement to him?) with making a rude statement and copy pasting your list, comments, and whatever else into the talk. That annoyed me, but I'm pretty much always annoyed w andy, we've had a RfAR, RfC and so forth, and theres not alot of sweetness between us. That said I wasn't particularly upset, and certainly wasn't remotely unhappy w yourself, your references, nor your statements. Anyhow, I'm off to edit the article now, I hope everythings cleared up. And andy, if your listening, lets agree to disagree, or argue via email, or ''something'' that isn't disruptive to the project, if you please. And I'm open to mediation any time ya like. Cheers, User:Sam Spade http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=User_talk:Sam_Spade&action=edit§ion=new Spade 21:31, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)\ ==Soemone help fix this?== When I tried to make some minor edits I ended up cropping alot off the article, as its too big to edit as a whole (for me anyway). Can someone revert to the earlier version? Thanx -User:R. fiend 17:18, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC) :Oh, and whoever does that, can they get rid of the pointless Hitlerism link in the first line? Hitlerism redirects right back here, and Hitler goes to a disambig page (is that right? Well, a discussion for elsewhere). Adolf Hitler is linked in the next couple sentences, and throughout the article, so that Hitlerism link is useless. -User:R. fiend 17:22, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC) ::Fixed. User:Jayjg 17:50, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC) :OK, Hitler linking to a disambig page was a very recent change, I just realized, so I changed it back to a regular redirect, to which I hope no one objects. I mean, when someone says "Hitler" they're ''not'' talking about Paula. -User:R. fiend 18:29, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC) Also, shouldn't militarism be under "Key elements of the Nazi ideology"? It seems appropriate to me. They were very militaristic. -User:R. fiend 17:29, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC) ==Question regarding "Aryan Supremacy"== Hi, I read through Mein Kampf and failed to see anything that indicates Hitler believed the word Aryan applied to any particular race, or that a particular race was superior to all others and thus deserved to rule over all other races. I also watch films such as "Triumph of the Will" and "Olympia" and see other races portrayed as equals. Can anyone provide a citation that indicates the term "Aryan" applies to the race to which Germans belong (I suppose that would be "Nordic")? I have the Manheim translation of Mein Kampf, btw. Is there perhaps another source on this of which I am unaware? From the speeches I have read, especially of Goebbels, Nazism seemed to be framing the political struggle along the same lines of Germans fighting to be free of Rome. Goebbels seemed to have no problems admitting the Germans really were once a slave race. This seems inconsistent with what is presented in this article. Note, there is no question Nazism found specific races to be inferior, such as Jews. Also, I am concerned with this use of "Aryan" as its original meaning is "noble" and many political groups elsewhere in the world use it that sense. I haven't read anything that indicates to me Nazis or Hitler used it to mean anything else. -soon to be registed ::http://kpearson.faculty.tcnj.edu/Dictionary/aryan.htm user:El_C :Oh you shouldn't have read that book, it's full of lies and it can fool you too. And you shouldn't have watched those movies either, the nazis only portray other races as equal to make honest people like you question their evilness. You will become very prejudiced if you continue to read about stuff, especially stuff written by the nazis themselves. This article on the other hand is extremly NPOV and you can read many interesting things about the evil nazis and stuff here, good for your education, dude. User:VarzaViezureMinz ::It seems sensible enough to read Mein Kampf and watch Nazi propaganda films if you have a serious interest in the history/ideology of the Nazis. User:Cadr 19:08, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC) :::I'm fairly certain Varza was being sarcastic. As for what the Ayran race is, that is debateable - many people see the ideal as being Nordic, tall, blonde hair, blue eyes, but of course Hitler was none of those. However, it is well known he despised the Poles as well as the Jews and Gypsies. What other races, specifically, I do not know, though he didn't really seem to like Slavic people or Russians either. Ayran can be simply taken to mean of a certain line of descent (i.e. descendents of a certain group). See Aryan race. User:Titanium Dragon 05:49, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC) ==Terminology in Pop Culture== I have never seen the term "spelling Gestapo" anywhere before here. Generally, people who are sticklers for proper spelling and grammar are known as "grammar Nazis" instead. I've taken the liberty to change the former term. --User:Coldacid 17:48, 2004 Nov 25 (UTC) ==Post WWII Germany== I read somewhere about supporters/members of the Nazi regime/system carrying on terrorist or similar activities in the immediate post-war period. Can anyone develop this and make mention of it - a sentence or two would suffice. (Anon) See werwolf - it seems to have been pretty low level.. User:Mozzerati 18:15, 2004 Dec 6 (UTC) :Most of it was before the end of the war as well - after the war ended its activities declined precipitously. It isn't really more than a footnote to history. User:Titanium Dragon 05:52, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC) ==Mussolini quote has a fake cite== "Fascism should more properly be called corporatism, since it is the merger of state and corporate power." The so-called Mussolini quote where he is claimed to have equated fascism with corporate power is a fake or a terrible translation. This quote does not appear in the original Italian encyclopedia text or any of the English translations from that period. I have tracked down the original 1935 English version of Mussolini's pamphlet, Mussolini, Benito. 1935. "The Doctrine of Fascism." (Firenze: Vallecchi Editore), which is listed as a translation of Mussolini's article in the Enciclopedia Italiana (1932). The quote above does not appear. Nor does it appear in a longer booklet which contains "The Doctrine of Fascism" as a chapter: Mussolini, Benito. 1935. "Fascism: Doctrine and Institutions." (Rome: 'Ardita' Publishers). I asked a scholar in Europe to find the quote in the Enciclopedia Italiana (1932), and he said he could not find a sentence that translates into the quote above. Finally I went and copied the original article in the Enciclopedia Italiana, in case anyone wants to pick a page it is supposed to be on. We had a whole discussion of this over on the Talk:Benito Mussolini page. I removed it from this page and the page on corporatism. I have photocopies of all the original documents in front of me. If someone wants to argue this quote exists, please cite the page and paragraph from an original document.--User:Cberlet 19:32, 11 Jan 2005 (UTC) ==Socialist/Marxist/Communist Terminology== This article is in need of serious overhaul on some of its terminology. In its present form it often uses terms such as socialist, marxist, and communist interchangably as if they were one in the same or synonymous to a degree that would support this. They are not. The three terms are related to each other and similar in some ways but each is a precise word with a precise definition (marxism, for example, refers specifically to the subset of communist ideology that derives from Karl Marx and his successors). The role of the term "socialist" in national socialism derives from a very specific conceptualization of the relationship between the people and the state that is itself a variant upon the traditional definition of socialism. The controversy of whether national socialism is socialist is thus an extension of the development of that variant definition - not whether Hitler was friends with a bunch of factory owners. Please see the section on the role of the nation & the edits I made.User:Rangerdude 08:22, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC) :I disagree, for the purposes of the article, they can to a certain extent be used interchangebly – because all Marxists are Communists (at any rate, largely seen through the KPD), and the socialists (the SPD) still considered themsleves Marxists, despite 1919. It is not simply a variant definition (or some abstraction), it corresponds to an interpertation of policy which the editor above grossly oversimplifies in an attempt to outright state that the Nazis were socialists. Notice, for example, how s/he changed: :
Political theories Anti-Semitism Fascism
{| align=right style="margin-left: 15px; text-align: center; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:5px; font-size: 85%; width: 14em;" class=box |--- | align=center |This article is part of the
Nazism series.
|- |bgcolor=papayawhip| ''National Socialist organizations'' National Socialist German Workers Party
Sturmabteilung
Schutzstaffel
Hitler Youth
Lebensborn
National Socialist Motor Corps
''Nazism in history'' Early Nazi Timeline
Beer Hall Putsch
Nuremburg Party Rallies
Third Reich
Night of the Long Knives
Nur für Deutsche
''Nazi concepts'' Glossary of the Third Reich
National Socialist Program
Racial policy of Nazi Germany
Führerprinzip
Lebensraum
Volk
''Relevant Lists'' List of Nazi Party leaders and officials
List of fascists
''Nazi political parties and movements outside Germany'' Canadian National Socialist Unity Party
German-American Bund
Nasjonal Samling
Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging
National Socialist Bloc
National Socialist League
''Related Subjects'' Nazi propaganda
Nazi architecture
Nazi mysticism
Nazism in relation to other concepts
Hitler salute
''Mein Kampf''
Aryan race
Swastika
Völkisch movement
Racial purity
Anti-Semitism
Führer
Awards and decorations of Nazi Germany
National Bolshevism
Neo-Nazism
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Nazism
:''"National Socialism" redirects here. For alternate meanings, see National Socialism (disambiguation).'' Nazism, or more correctly National Socialism (German language: ''Nationalsozialismus'', often abbreviated ''NS'') is a political ideology promoting Germanic racial aspirations and a strong and centrally governed state. The term is most often used in connection with the dictatorship of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945 (the "Third Reich"). This ideology was held by the National Socialist German Workers Party (''Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei'', commonly called NSDAP or the Nazi Party), which was led by its "Führer" Adolf Hitler. Adherents of Nazism held that the Germanic peoples nation and the Aryan race were superior to other races. Nazism has been outlawed in modern Germany, although remnants and revivalists, known as "Neo-Nazism", continue to operate in Germany and abroad. The term is derived from the word ''Nazi'', which is used to label the supporters of the ''National Socialism''. This term in turn was originally invented as tongue-in-cheek analogy to ''Sozi'' (a common and slightly pejorative abbreviation for socialists in Germany), but became more popular and much more pejorative than the original. ==Ideological theory== The success of National Socialism has been attributed to the fact that it drew support from two popular ideologies, nationalism and socialism. The Nazis sought to build a strong State militarily, and a strong Welfare state economically, to protect and serve the interests of racially pure Germans, while being led by a supreme leader. They also wanted to abolish Parasitism_%28social_offense%29 and to build a planned economy. According to ''Mein Kampf'' (''My Struggle''), Hitler developed his political theories after carefully observing the policies of the Austria-Hungary. He was born as a citizen of the Empire, and believed that ethnic and linguistic diversity had weakened it. Further, he saw democracy as a destabilizing force, because it placed power in the hands of ethnic minorities, who he claimed had incentives to further "weaken and destabilize" the Empire. The Nazi rationale was heavily invested in the Militarism belief that great nations grow from military power, which in turn grows "naturally" from "rational, civilized cultures." Hitler's calls appealed to disgruntled German Nationalists, eager to save face for the failure of World War I, and to salvage the militaristic nationalist mindset of that previous era. After Austria's and Germany's defeat of World War I, many Germans still had heartfelt ties to the goal of creating a greater Germany, and thought that the use of military force to achieve it was necessary. Many placed the blame for Germany's misfortunes on those, such as Jew and Communism, whom they perceived, in one way or another, to have sabotaged the goal of national victory. Hitler's Racial policy of Nazi Germany also claimed that the Aryan race is a master race, superior to all other races, that a nation is the highest creation of a race, and great nations (literally ''large'' nations) were the creation of great races. These nations developed cultures that naturally grew from races with "natural good health, and aggressive, intelligent, courageous traits." The weakest nations, Hitler said, were those of impure or mongrel races, because they have divided, quarrelling, and therefore weak cultures. Worst of all were seen to be the parasitic Untermensch (''Subhumans''), mainly Jews, but also Gypsies, homosexuals, the disabled and so called anti-socials, all of whom were considered ''lebensunwertes Leben'' (''Life-unworthy life'') owing to their perceived deficiency and inferiority. The History_of_Gays_during_the_Holocaust as part of the Holocaust has seen increasing scholarly attention since the 1990s. The History_of_Gays_during_the_Holocaust in the Nazi Party is considered anecdotal by most historians. Some tiny groups, like the International Committee for Holocaust Truth, and authors Scott Lively and Kevin E. Abrams in ''The Pink Swastika: Homosexuality in the Nazi Party,'' (ISBN 0964760932), argue that many homosexuals were involved in the inner circle of the Nazi party: Ernst Röhm of the SA (whose execution was thinly rationalized as being based on his homosexuality), Horst Wessel, Max Bielas, and others. This perspective is denounced as hateful propaganda by most human rights associations and groups, stirring heated debates and accusations of censorship and "hate-speech" from both sides. Most historians and scholars of fascism do not take the work of Lively and Abrams seriously, and dismiss it as part of a Christian Right campaign against gay rights. People of Slavic peoples descent were also seen as subhuman, but only marginally parasitic, because they had their own land and nations, though many of them lived in German countries such as Austria, which Hitler saw as an ethnic invasion of Germanic Lebensraum by foreign populations who would have incentive to force Austria's loyalty to their lands of ethnic and cultural origin. According to Nazism, it is an obvious mistake to permit or encourage multilingualism and multiculturalism within a nation. Fundamental to the Nazi goal was the unification of all Germanic tribe, "unjustly" divided into different Nation States. Hitler claimed that nations that could not defend their territory did not deserve it. Slave races he thought of as less worthy to exist than "master races." In particular, if a master race should require room to live (''Lebensraum''), he thought such a race should have the right to displace the inferior Indigenous peoples. Hitler draws parallels between Lebensraum and the American ethnic cleansing and relocation policies towards the Native American, which he saw as key to the success of the US. "Races without homelands," Hitler proclaimed, were "parasitic races," and the richer the members of a "parasitic race" are, the more "virulent" the parasitism was thought to be. A "master race" could therefore, according to the Nazi doctrine, easily strengthen itself by eliminating "parasitic races" from its homeland. This was the given rationalization for the Nazis' later oppression and elimination of Jew Poles and Roma (people) in what is known as the Holocaust. Hitler and his ''living space'' doctrine found immense popularity among German population. Wehrmacht Waffen-SS and other German soldiers as well as civilian paramilitary groups killed millions. Hitler extended his rationalizations into religious doctrine, claiming that those who agreed with and taught his "truths," were "true" or "master" religions, because they would "create mastery" by avoiding comforting lies. Those that preach love and tolerance, "in contravention to the facts," were said to be "slave" or "false" religions. The man who recognizes these "truths," Hitler continued, was said to be a "natural leader," and those who deny it were said to be "natural slaves." "Slaves," especially intelligent ones he claimed, were always attempting to hinder masters by promoting false religious and political doctrines. The ideological roots which became German "National Socialism" were based on numerous sources in European history, drawing especially from Romance 19th Century idealism, and from a biological misreading of Friedrich Nietzsche's thoughts on "breeding upwards" toward the goal of an Übermensch (''Superhuman''). Hitler was an avid reader and received ideas that were later to influence Nazism from traceable publications, such as those of the Germanenorden (''Germanic Order'') or the Thule society. He also took many popular elements from socialism, such as socializing the property of the rich to benefit the masses, abolishing profits and rents and generously increasing social benefits. Nevertheless, Nazis considered pure socialists and communists, not merely liberals, as their enemies. Hitler's theories were not only attractive to Germans. People in positions of wealth and power in other nations saw them as beneficial. Examples are Henry Ford, founder of the Ford Motor Company, and Eugene Schueller, founder of L'Oréal. Nevertheless, the support for these theories were highest among the working class in Germany and elsewhere. Nazi mysticism Nazi mysticism is a term used to describe a philosophical undercurrent of Nazism; it denotes the combination of Nazism with occultism, esotericism, cryptohistory, and/or the paranormal. == Key elements of the Nazi ideology== [[Image:naziswastika.png|frame|The Nazi Party used a right-facing swastika as their symbol and the red and black colors were said to represent ''Blut und Boden'' (blood and soil). Black, white, and red were in fact the colors of the old North German Confederation flag (invented by Otto von Bismarck, based on the Prussian colors black and white, blended with the red and white of the medieval Hanseatic League). In 1871, with the foundation of the German Reich, the flag of the North German Confederation became the German ''Reichsflagge'' (Reich's flag). Black, white, and red subsequently became the colors of the nationalists (e.g. during World War I and the Weimar Republic.]] * National Socialist Program * Racism ** Especially anti-Semitism, which eventually culminated in the Holocaust. ** The creation of a ''Herrenrasse'' (''Master Race'' = by the Lebensborn (''Fountain of Life''; A department in the Third Reich) ** Anti-Slavism ** Belief in the superiority of the White, Germanic, Aryan or Nordic races. * Euthanasia and Eugenics with respect to "Racial Hygiene" * Anti-Marxism, Anti-Communism, Anti-Bolshevik * The rejection of democracy, with as a consequence the ending the existence of political parties, labour unions, and free press. * Führerprinzip (''Leader Principle'') Belief in the leader (Responsibility up the ranks, and authority down the ranks.) * Strong show of local culture. * Social Darwinism * Defense of ''Blood and Soil'' (German language: ''"Blut und Boden"'' - represented by the red and black colors in the Nazi flag) * "Lebensraumpolitik", "Lebensraum im Osten" (The creation of more living space for Germans in the east) * Related to Fascism === Nazism and romanticism === According to Bertrand Russell, Nazism comes from a different tradition from that of either liberal capitalism or communism. Thus, to understand values of Nazism, it is necessary to explore this connection, without trivializing the movement as it was in its peak years in the 1930s and dismissing it as a little more than racism. Many historiographers say that the anti-Semitic element, which does not exist in the sister fascism movements in Italy and Spain, was adopted by Adolf Hitler to gain popularity for the movement, as Anti-Semitic prejudice was very common among the masses in the German Empire at that time. It is claimed that mass acceptance required anti-Semitism, as well as flattery of the wounded pride of German people after the defeat of WWI. Others see anti-Semitism as central to Hitler's Weltanschauung (''World view''). Many see strong connections to the values of Nazism and the irrationalist tradition of the romanticism of the early 19th century. Strength, passion, lack of hypocrisy, utilitarianism, traditional family values, and devotion to community were valued by the Nazis and first expressed by many Romantic artists, musicians, and writers, as well as the Nazi elite, the ancient Greek habit of same-sex relations between the military and young boys praised notably in Plato's works, and favored by German sensualists such as Röhm, Bielas and Wessel. German romanticism in particular expressed these values. For instance, Hitler identified closely with the music of Richard Wagner (a noted anti-Semite, author of ''Das Judenthum in der Musik'', and idol to the young Hitler). Wagner's most important operas, the Ring cycle, express Aryanist ideals, contain what some people interpret as anti-Semitic caricatures, and celebrate traditional Norse Aryan folklore and values. The idealisation of tradition, folklore, classical thought, the leadership of Frederick the Great, their rejection of the liberalism of the Weimar Republic and the decision to call the German state the Third Reich (which hearkens back to the medieval First Reich and the pre-Weimar Republic Second Reich) has led many to regard the Nazis as reactionary. ===Ideological competition=== Nazism and Communism emerged as two serious contenders for power in Germany after the World War I, particularly as the Weimar Republic became increasingly unstable. What became the Nazi movement arose out of resistance to the Bolshevik-inspired insurgencies that occurred in Germany in the aftermath of the First World War. The Russian Revolution of 1917 caused a great deal of excitement and interest in the Leninist version of Marxism and caused many socialists to adopt revolutionary principles. The 1918-1919 Munich Soviet and the 1919 Spartacist uprising in Berlin were both manifestations of this. The Freikorps, a loosely organised paramilitary group (essentially a militia of former World War I soldiers) was used to crush both these uprisings and many leaders of the Freikorps, including Ernst Röhm, later became leaders in the Nazi party. Capitalists and conservatives in Germany feared that a takeover by the Communist Party of Germany was inevitable and did not trust the democratic parties of the Weimar Republic to be able to resist a communist revolution. Increasing numbers of capitalists began looking to the nationalist movements as a bulwark against Bolshevism. After Mussolini's fascists took power in Italy in 1922, fascism presented itself as a realistic option for opposing "Communism", particularly given Mussolini's success in crushing the Communist and anarchist movements which had destabilised Italy with a wave of strikes and factory occupations after the First World War. Fascist parties formed in numerous European countries. Many historians, such as Ian Kershaw and Joachim Fest, argue that Hitler and the Nazis were one of numerous nationalist and increasingly fascistic groups that existed in Germany and contended for leadership of the anti-Communism movement and, eventually, of the German state. Further, they assert that fascism and its German variant, ''National Socialism'', became the successful challengers to Communism because they were able to both appeal to the establishment as a bulwark against Bolshevism and appeal to the working class base with its own version of socialism, particularly the growing underclass of unemployed and unemployable and growingly impoverished middle class elements who were becoming declassed (the lumpenproletariat). The Nazi's incorporation of socialistic principles appealed to those disaffected with capitalism while presenting a political and economic model that divested "Soviet socialism" of elements which were dangerous to capitalism, such as the concept of class struggle, "the dictatorship of the proletariat" or worker control of the means of production. ===Support of anti-Communists for Fascism and Nazism=== Various right-wing politicians and political parties in Europe welcomed the rise of fascism and the Nazis out of an intense aversion towards Communism. According to them, Hitler was the savior of Western civilization and of capitalism against Bolshevism. Among these supporters in the 1920s and early 1930s was the Conservative Party (UK) in Britain. During the later 1930s and 1940s, the Nazis were supported by the Falange movement in Spain, and by political and military figures who would form the government of Vichy France. A ''Legion of French Volunteers against Bolshevism'' (LVF) and other anti-Soviet fighting formations were formed. The British Conservative party and the right-wing parties in France appeased the Nazi regime in the mid- and late-1930s, even though they had begun to criticise its totalitarianism. Some contemporary commentators suggested that these parties did in fact still support the Nazis. === Nazism and Anglo-Saxons === Hitler admired the British Empire as a shining example of expansionist Nordic genius. Racist theories had been developed in Britain and elsewhere during the 19th century to justify European imperial power. Nordicism and Aryan race arose from these developments. Especially important was the idea that North Europeans represented the highest branch of the Aryan peoples, who had in ancient times extended into India and created Indian culture (see Aryan invasion theory). Such Racist imperialist theories justified the idea that some races were innately superior, born to rule, while others were parasitic or inferior "savages." These concepts were often copied by the Nazis. Similarly, in his early years Hitler also greatly admired United States. In ''Mein Kampf'', he praised the United States for its race-based anti-immigration laws and for the subordination of the "inferior" black population. According to Hitler, America was a successful nation because it kept itself "pure" of "lesser races." However, as war approached, his view of the United States became more negative and he believed that Germany would have an easy victory over the United States precisely because the United States, in his later estimation, had become a mongrel nation, calling it "hopelessly negrofied". [[Image:EconNaziPropaganda.png|frame|left|Nazi domestic economic propaganda flyer]] == Economic practice == Nazi economic practice concerned itself with immediate domestic issues and separately with ideological conceptions of international trade. Domestic economic policy was narrowly concerned with three major goals: * Elimination of unemployment * Elimination of hyperinflation * Expansion of production of consumer goods to improve middle- and lower-class living standards. All of these policy goals were intended to address the perceived shortcomings of the Weimar Republic and to solidify domestic support for the party. In this, the party was very successful. Between 1933 and 1936 the Nazi Germany Measures of national income increased by an average annual rate of 9.5 percent, and the rate for industry alone rose by 17.2 percent. This expansion propelled the German economy out of a deep Depression (economics) and into full employment in less than four years. Public consumption during the same period increased by 18.7%, while private consumption increased by 3.6% annually. However, as this production was primarily ''consumptive'' rather than ''productive'' (make-work projects, expansion of the war-fighting machine, initiation of conscription to remove working age males from the labor force), inflationary pressures began to rear their head again, although not to the highs of the Weimar Republic. These economic pressures, combined with the war-fighting machine created in the expansion (and concomitant pressures for its use), has led some to conclude that a European war was inevitable. (See War.) Some economists argue that the expansion of the German economy between 1933 and 1936 was not the result of the Nazi party, but rather the consequence of economic policies of the late Weimar Republic which had begun to have an effect. In addition, it has been pointed out that while it is often popularly believed that the Nazis ended hyperinflation, the end of hyperinflation preceded the Nazis by several years. Internationally, the Nazi party believed that an international banking cabal was behind the Depression (economics) of the 1930s. The control of this cabal was identified with the ethnic group known as Jews, providing another link in their ideological motivation for the destruction of that group in the Holocaust. However, broadly speaking, the existence of large international banking or merchant banking organizations was well known at this time. Many of these banking organizations were able to exert influence upon nation states by extension or withholding of credit. This influence is not limited to the small states that preceded the creation of the German Empire as a nation state in the 1870s, but is noted in most major histories of all European powers from the 16th century onward. It is important to note that the Nazi Party's conception of ''international'' economics was very limited. As the ''National Socialist'' in the name NSDAP suggests, the party's primary motivation was to incorporate previously international resources into the Reich by force, rather than by trade (compare to the international socialism as practiced by the Soviet Union and the COMECON trade organization). This made international economic theory a supporting factor in the political ideology rather than a core plank of the platform as it is in most modern political parties. In an economic sense, Nazism and Fascism are related. Nazism shares many economic features with Fascism, featuring complete government control of finance and investment (allocation of credit), industry, and agriculture. Yet in both of these systems, corporate power and market based systems for providing price information still existed. Rather than the state requiring goods from industrial enterprises and allocating raw materials required for their production (as in socialist/communist systems), the state paid for these goods. This allows price to play an essential role in providing information as to relative scarcity of materials, or the capital requirements in technology or labor (including education, as in skilled labor) inputs to produce a manufactured good. Additionally, the unionist (strictly speaking, syndicalism) veneer placed on corporate labor relations was another major point of agreement. Both the German and Italian fascist political parties began as unionist labor movements, and grew into totalitarian dictatorships. This idea was maintained throughout their time in power, with state control used as a means to eliminate the assumed conflict between management labor relations. == Effects == These theories were used to justify a totalitarianism political agenda of racial hatred and suppression using all the means of the state, and suppressing dissent. Like other fascism regimes, the Nazi regime emphasized anti-communism and the leader principle ''(Führerprinzip),'' a key element of fascist ideology in which the ruler is deemed to embody the political movement and the nation. Unlike other fascist ideologies, Nazism was virulently racism. Some of the manifestations of Nazi racism were: * Anti-Semitism, culminating in the Holocaust * Ethnic nationalism, including the notion of Germanic people's status as the ''Herrenvolk'' ("master race") and ''Übermensch'' * A belief in the need to purify the German race through eugenics - this culminated in the involuntary euthanasia of disabled people and the compulsory sterilization of people with mental deficiencies or illnesses perceived as hereditary Anti-clericalism was also part of Nazi ideology, although it was never acted on as the Nazis often used the church to justify their stance and included many Christian symbols in the Third Reich. == Backlash effects == Perhaps the primary intellectual effect has been that Nazi doctrines discredited the attempt to use sociobiology to explain or influence social issues, for at least two generations after Nazi Germany's brief existence. The Nazi descendants have been mute in the post-war democracies, with some exceptions, when interviewed by psychologists and historians. In Norway, a group of descendants have taken the official stigmatizing appellation "Nazi children" in order to break the silence and to protest against the continuous demonization of their families. Some historical revisionism disseminate propaganda which minimizes the Holocaust and other Nazi acts, and attempts to put a positive spin (politics) on the policies of the Nazi regime and the events which occurred under it. These revisionists are often, however, either aligned with, or in the employ of, neo-Nazis, and this fact itself often casts suspicion on their beliefs. == People and history == The most prominent Nazi was Adolf Hitler, who ruled Nazi Germany from 30 January 1933 until his suicide on 30 April 1945, led the German Reich into World War II. Under Hitler, ethnic nationalism and racism were joined together through an ideology of militarism to serve his goals. After the war, many prominent Nazis were convicted of war crime and crime against humanity at the Nuremberg Trials. A few scattered people, mostly not from Germany, converted to Nazism during or after World War II and contributed to further development of the ideology, especially in a spiritual or esoteric direction: Savitri Devi of India, Miguel Serrano of Chile, George Lincoln Rockwell of the United States. == Nazism in relation to other concepts == See the article Nazism in relation to other concepts for Nazism's relation to: * Nazism_in_relation_to_other_concepts#Nazism_and_religion *Nazism_in_relation_to_other_concepts#Nazism_and_fascism * Nazism_in_relation_to_other_concepts#Nazism_and_socialism *Nazism_in_relation_to_other_concepts#Nazism_and_race ==The role of the nation== [[Image:CWswastika.png|frame|left|Nazi sacred symbol – the swastika or ''gamma cross'']] The Nazi symbol is the right-facing swastika. The Nazi state was founded upon a racially-defined "German Volk". This is a central concept of ''Mein Kampf'', symbolized by the motto ''Ein Volk, ein Reich, ein Führer'' (one people, one empire, one leader). The Nazi relationship between the Volk and the state was called the Volksgemeinschaft - a concept that defined a communal duty of citizens in service to the Reich. The term "National Socialism," arguably derives from this citizen-nation relationship, whereby the term ''socialism'' is invoked (socialism is traditionally defined as "the public ownership over the means of production") and is meant to be realized through the communal duty of the Volk to the Reich or German nation, the collective cause for which production is presumably in service of. The Reich, in turn, was a virulently ''nationalist'' ideology, a tendency which decisively defined its organizational thrust and overall immediate and long-term aims. In practice, the Nazis argued, this notion served to bring forth a nation-state as the locus and embodiment of the people's collective will, bound by the ''Volksgemeinschaft'' as both an ideal and an operating instrument, geared to serve the interests of the German people. In comparison, many socialist ideologies oppose the idea of nations, which they see as artificial divisions that support the status quo and oppression. They argue that one crucial consequence of national divisions is that they lead to wars of aggression, waged for the interest of the ruling class. == Factors which promoted the success of Nazism == An important question about National Socialism is that of which factors promoted its success, not only in Germany, but also in other European countries (in the 1930s and early 1940s Nazi-type movements could be found in Sweden, Britain, Italy, Spain and even in the US) in the twenties and thirties of the last century? These factors may have included: * Economic devastation all over Europe after WWI * Lack of orientation of many people after the breakdown of monarchy in many European countries. * A perception that there was a disproportionate number of Jews in the German bourgeoisie (or upper class). * Perceived Jewish involvement in war profiteering during WWI * Appeal of socialism or socialist rhetoric to the German working class * Humiliation of Germany at the Treaty of Versailles, and the widespread belief that the German military were not defeated on the battlefield but "stabbed in the back" by her politicians * Rejection of Communism (particularly ''redistribution of wealth'' ) and the perception that socialism and Communism were Jewish-inspired and Jewish -led movements; hence the Nazi use of the term ''Judeo-Bolshevik'' * The Wall Street Crash of 1929 *Hitler's choice of taking power through legal political means rather then a violent coup after the failure of Beer Hall Putsch == Nazi / Third Reich terminology in popular culture == The multiple atrocities and extremist ideology that the Nazis followed have made them notorious in popular discourse as well as history. The term "Nazi" has become a genericised term of abuse. So have other Third Reich terms like "Führer" (often spelled "fuhrer" or less often, but more correctly, "fuehrer" in English-speaking countries), "Fascist", "Gestapo" (short for ''Geheime Staatspolizei'', or ''Secret State Police'' in English), "uber/ueber" (from ''Übermensch'', superior person, Aryan as opposite to ''Untermensch'') or "Hitler". The terms are used to describe any people or behaviours that are viewed as thuggish, overly authoritarian, or extremist. In the context of the Western World, ''Nazi'' or ''fascist'' is also sometimes used by (generally Left-wing) opposition to malign political groups (such as the France National Front (France)) advocating restrictive measures on immigration, or strong law enforcement powers. It is sometimes used by other left-wing groups and individuals in the United States and other countries as a type of insult, used broadly against anyone they perceive as disagreeing with their beliefs or opposed to them; conservatives or anyone who is not left-wing. Variations on this theme in the US can include calling someone a "goose-stepper" or a "brownshirt." Critics of Israel have recently taken to using comparisons with the Nazis in describing its treatment of Palestinians, particularly with regards to Israel's separation barrier on the Israeli West Bank barrier. Some regard this usage as anti-Semitism. The terms are also used to describe anyone or anything seen as strict or doctrinaire. Phrases like "Grammar Nazi", "Feminism", "Open Source Nazi", and "ubergeek" are examples of those in use in the USA. These uses are offensive to some, as the controversy in the popular press over the ''Seinfeld'' "Soup Nazi" episode indicates, but still the terms are used so frequently as to inspire "Godwin's law". More innocent terms, like "fashion police", also bear some resemblance to Nazi terminology (Gestapo, Secret State Police) as well as references to Police states in general. It can also be found that German-sounding or German-looking spellings of English words are used to claim superiority in some area, or to create some impression of power or brutality. For example, to give English words a German touch, the letter 'C' is often replaced by 'K', like "kool" or "kommandos". A well known example of "germanization" of names are the names of heavy metal bands like Mötley Crüe, or Motörhead. See Heavy metal umlaut. Another similar effect can be observed in the usage of typefaces. Some people strongly associate the blackletter typefaces (e.g. fraktur (typeface) or schwabacher) with Nazi propaganda (although the typeface is much older, and its usage, ironically, was banned by government order in 1941). A less strong association can be observed with the ''Futura (typeface)'' typeface, which today is sometimes described as "germanic" and "muscular". =="Holy sites"== As, especially after World War II, Nazism became for many of its followers a spiritual path akin to a religion, it naturally had some sites of pilgrimage, which one might call "holy sites". Savitri Devi visited many of them during Pilgrimage (book) in 1953. *Berchtesgaden, home of the Berghof. *Braunau am Inn, birthplace of Adolf Hitler. *Feldherrnhalle, site of, the end of, the failed Munich Putsch *Leonding, where the parents of Adolf Hitler were buried. *Linz, where Hitler went to school. *Landsberg am Lech, where Hitler was imprisoned. *Nuremberg, site of the enormous Nazi rallies. *Wewelsburg, headquarters of the SS. *Wunsiedel, burial site of Rudolf Hess. Devi also visited some sites, as part of her pilgrimage, not directly connected to Nazism, but of Germanic spiritual, or German national significance: *Externsteine, pre-christian formation *Hermannsdenkmal, statue of Germany's national hero Arminius the Cheruscan Source: [http://library.flawlesslogic.com/devi_bio.htm] ==Related topics== *Glossary of the Third Reich *History of Germany *Nazi Songs *Consequences of German Nazism *General Government *Doublespeak (for a discussion of the semantic implications of words such as ''Nazi''). *Führerprinzip *Nazi concentration camp badges *Nuremberg Trials *Kultur *Mysticism in Nazi Germany *Das Schwarze Korps *Nazi architecture For earlier National Socialist movements which merged with Nazism see: *Austrian National Socialism *Czech National Socialism *Nuremburg Party Rallies For modern Nazism see: *Neo-Nazism ==Bibliography== ===General=== *''Hitler, 1889-1936: Hubris'' by Ian Kershaw ISBN 0393320359 *''Hitler: 1936-1945 Nemesis'' by Ian Kershaw ISBN 0393322521 *''The Meaning of Hitler'' (Not a scholarly reference but an analysis of Hitler's life) by Sebastian Haffner (Harvard University Press, originally published in German language in 1978. ISBN 0-674-55775-1) ===Primary sources=== *''Mein Kampf/My Struggle'' by Adolf Hitler ISBN 1410102033 *''The Myth of the Twentieth Century: An Evaluation of the Spiritual-Intellectual Confrontations of Our Age'' by Alfred Rosenberg ISBN 0939482444 ==See also== * Japanese nationalism, Japanese Radical Right-Nationalist Local Ideology from the World War II era to the present days * Polylogism ==External links== * [http://www.spiritone.com/~gdy52150/chpt1.htm What Fascism Is & Isn't] - with references to both Fascism and Nazism, explaining why they are not Leftist by Glen Yeadon * [http://lamar.colostate.edu/~grjan/hayeknaziism.html The Socialist Roots of Naziism] by Friedrich Hayek introduces the historical connections of Nazism and socialism * [http://jonjayray.netfirms.com/hitler.html Hitler was a socialist] by John J. Ray explains the common points of Hitler's ideas and socialism * [http://www.huppi.com/kangaroo/L-hitler.htm "Myth: Hitler was a leftist"] - an extensive case against portraying Hitler as a Left-winger by Steve Kangas *[http://www.tenc.net/vatican/cpixb.htm The Pictures Tell the Tale: The Vatican and Nazism in Germany and Croatia] * [http://www.third-reich-books.com/x-582-germanys-hitler.htm "Hitler's Boyhood"] - excerpt from contemporary Hitler biography about his boyhood * [http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/ German Propaganda Archive] * [http://www.mises.org/fullstory.aspx?Id=1691 "The Source of Hitler's Success"] - by Ludwig von Mises dated 1940 * [http://www.antifa.org.uk/ Antifa Britain] - Anti-Fascist Action, organization in the UK Anti-Semitism Nazi Germany Nazism Socialism Anti-Polonism German loanwords bs:Nacizam fa:نازیسم simple:Nazism
Nazism
==Archive== *Talk:Nazism/Revolutionary not Reactionary *Talk:Nazism/Archive 1 *Talk:Nazism/Archive 2 *Nazism/Unprotected temp *Talk:Nazism and socialism ==Worth making a point about== user:Knucmo2 wrote (20:35, 31 Oct 2004) Adolf Hitler is said to have drawn upon Nietzsche in the article, and yes he did read a lot of work most probably by Nietzsche, which is made doubly obvious by his some of his concepts, which were a result of his misreading of the philosopher. The only ideas Nietzsche remotely shared I believe with the Nazis were his glorification of conflict (not necessarily military conflict, as so many blindfolded critics stoop to believe), and his collectivism (Communist idea.) In contrast, Nietzsche's views of the difference between strong and weak, between masters and men, were a sharp contrast to the Nazi philosophy. Nietzsche's famous "blond beast" aphorism probably sounded like music to Hitler's ears, and he could made many variations on that theme alone. ==The path to featured article status== The article is too long. Nazism#Nazism_in_relation_to_other_concepts needs to be split into separate articles. I am going to focus myself on Nazism and religion, as that is an area of particular expertise and interest of mine. Lets go way out of our way to be civil and considerate of each other and the readers, and we should be able to get this article featured someday :) User:Sam Spade http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=User_talk:Sam_Spade&action=edit§ion=new Spade 14:12, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC) ==Nazism and religion, references== user:AndyL wrote (18:32, 3 Oct 2004) :Sam, you've allowed your own prejudices to guide your editing. You've completely disregarded the following exchange on Nazism and religion: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- There are no Christian influences in Nazism. Andy. I haven't read anything anywhere. I do Know that Hitler was influenced by Marxists and the SPD and by the Socialists in Vienna. He copied them. Unprotect the page Andy. user:WHEELER 14:57, 4 Sep 2004 (UTC) :No, do not unprotect it. It is a controversial and complex issue and such absolute, black&white claims do not do the subject justice (and it is about Nazism, not just Hitler ''per se.''). One work by historian Steigmann-Gall, views Nazism as ultimately Unchristian, but still "point[s] out how much Nazism owed to German Christian, especially Protestant, concepts." Steigmann-Gall, Richard. ''The Holy Reich: Nazi Conceptions of Christianity, 1919-1945''. (Cambridge University Press, 2003). [http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0521823714//qid=1094313651/sr=1-1/ref=sr_1_1/002-7142604-2976830?v=glance&s=books&vi=reviews Book reviews (amazon - editorial) for ''Nazi Conceptions of Christianity''] user:El_C :El_C, if you have read the book then I suggest you edit the section about religion. The book seems good when I read the reviews on Amazon. Please tell us what you know because the books make me curious. User:Andries 18:50, 4 Sep 2004 (UTC) :Also, most of my "key" edits were to "Nazism and Socialism". I haven't gotten that far down yet. Sam, if protection is lifted do you promise not to implement your changes unilterally as you did last time and allow for a consensus to develop here instead?User:AndyL 19:20, 4 Sep 2004 (UTC) :Sorry, I have not read it, I am only (somewhat) familliar of its role in the historiography. The following are works that could also prove of value: -------- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Nazism/Archive_2#Nazism_and_religion.2C_references Nazism and religion: references] user:El_C ------ Addendum: I forgot to note that I have encountered scores of books on the subject written in German (without an English translation) on the topic of Nazism and religion, so I encourage German-speaking contributors to seek those also as the title of some of these strikes me as potentially quite valuable. user:El_C (4 Sep) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :WTF? I thought talk page flooding was vogels thing. Is there anything you are able to articulate, because the above isn't what I would call an effective dialogue. In the future, if theres something you'd like me to review, please give me a hyperlink, and a bit of context. User:Sam Spade http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=User_talk:Sam_Spade&action=edit§ion=new Spade 22:39, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC) ::Yeah! What the hell do you think you're doing with all those references?!?!? Do you actually expect anyone to take the time to visit a *shudder* ''library'' before editing articles? User:MirvUser talk:Mirv Special:Emailuser/Mirv 22:43, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC) :::That would be alot funnier if I didn't regularly edit from the library. Or maybe if I wasn't well versed in literature on the subject of Nazi Germany? Or many if I was... Oh, I guess it just wasn't funny at all, by any measure. Thanks for thinking of me tho. User:Sam Spade http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=User_talk:Sam_Spade&action=edit§ion=new Spade 22:47, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC) Sam, you tried to remove references to Christianity from the article except to call those who suggest there is a connection "anti-Christian" rather than base your edits on the discussion we had when the article was protected you've completely disregarded what was said. User:AndyL 22:41, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC) :Well thats a bit better, at least I know what your talking about now. I didn't mean to bias things in that way, and I'm fine w the edit you made a few minutes ago. What do you think of the very many other edits I made? Any chance I might possibly squeeze a compliment out of you for my hours work? User:Sam Spade http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=User_talk:Sam_Spade&action=edit§ion=new Spade 22:44, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC) ''WTF? I thought talk page flooding was vogels thing. Is there anything you are able to articulate, because the above isn't what I would call an effective dialogue'' Try to stay calm. A talk page can always be archived when it becomes too lenghy. The list cannot be considered flooding if its items are pertinent. The point for it was to demonstrate that the topic should not be omitted so readily — listing these references helped to establish this. I urge you to review the comments that preceded these for further context. I remain hopeful that it proves useful here. Inarticulately yours, user:El_C :Well, if you focus on the sentance you left out "''if theres something you'd like me to review, please give me a hyperlink, and a bit of context.''" you might understand what I was getting at. Actually, you seem to have done just what I asked, which is great. It wasn't you, nor the opportunity to discuss and review references and previous discussion that annoyed me (how I reacted in anyway other than "calm" I cannot fathom), it was the manner in which things were done ("''Sam, you've allowed your own prejudices to guide your editing. You've completely disregarded the following exchange on Nazism and religion''"...), and the lack of context. User:Sam Spade http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=User_talk:Sam_Spade&action=edit§ion=new Spade 11:55, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC) :: Fair enough. I mistook your comments to indicate a criticism of the refernce list ''per se.'' as not being a part of the dialogue — only after making my comment did I notice the discrapencies that made the page misleading and read poorly. I should have noted that there and then, but I neglected to (was preoccupied at the time). So I retract my comments. As for reading a lack of calm in your aforementioned comment, the reason for this was the ''WTF'', I simply found it to be a term uncharectaristic with your usual demeanour here (and I did view it as directed towards myself, author of the reference list), so I arrived to that conclusion. But that isn't very important one way or the other. user:El_C :actually it was directed towards andy, who responded to my suggestion that we work together amiably and focus on separate areas (maybe I should have been more clear that I was avoiding the whole socialist debate in my edits as an appeasement to him?) with making a rude statement and copy pasting your list, comments, and whatever else into the talk. That annoyed me, but I'm pretty much always annoyed w andy, we've had a RfAR, RfC and so forth, and theres not alot of sweetness between us. That said I wasn't particularly upset, and certainly wasn't remotely unhappy w yourself, your references, nor your statements. Anyhow, I'm off to edit the article now, I hope everythings cleared up. And andy, if your listening, lets agree to disagree, or argue via email, or ''something'' that isn't disruptive to the project, if you please. And I'm open to mediation any time ya like. Cheers, User:Sam Spade http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=User_talk:Sam_Spade&action=edit§ion=new Spade 21:31, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)\ ==Soemone help fix this?== When I tried to make some minor edits I ended up cropping alot off the article, as its too big to edit as a whole (for me anyway). Can someone revert to the earlier version? Thanx -User:R. fiend 17:18, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC) :Oh, and whoever does that, can they get rid of the pointless Hitlerism link in the first line? Hitlerism redirects right back here, and Hitler goes to a disambig page (is that right? Well, a discussion for elsewhere). Adolf Hitler is linked in the next couple sentences, and throughout the article, so that Hitlerism link is useless. -User:R. fiend 17:22, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC) ::Fixed. User:Jayjg 17:50, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC) :OK, Hitler linking to a disambig page was a very recent change, I just realized, so I changed it back to a regular redirect, to which I hope no one objects. I mean, when someone says "Hitler" they're ''not'' talking about Paula. -User:R. fiend 18:29, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC) Also, shouldn't militarism be under "Key elements of the Nazi ideology"? It seems appropriate to me. They were very militaristic. -User:R. fiend 17:29, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC) ==Question regarding "Aryan Supremacy"== Hi, I read through Mein Kampf and failed to see anything that indicates Hitler believed the word Aryan applied to any particular race, or that a particular race was superior to all others and thus deserved to rule over all other races. I also watch films such as "Triumph of the Will" and "Olympia" and see other races portrayed as equals. Can anyone provide a citation that indicates the term "Aryan" applies to the race to which Germans belong (I suppose that would be "Nordic")? I have the Manheim translation of Mein Kampf, btw. Is there perhaps another source on this of which I am unaware? From the speeches I have read, especially of Goebbels, Nazism seemed to be framing the political struggle along the same lines of Germans fighting to be free of Rome. Goebbels seemed to have no problems admitting the Germans really were once a slave race. This seems inconsistent with what is presented in this article. Note, there is no question Nazism found specific races to be inferior, such as Jews. Also, I am concerned with this use of "Aryan" as its original meaning is "noble" and many political groups elsewhere in the world use it that sense. I haven't read anything that indicates to me Nazis or Hitler used it to mean anything else. -soon to be registed ::http://kpearson.faculty.tcnj.edu/Dictionary/aryan.htm user:El_C :Oh you shouldn't have read that book, it's full of lies and it can fool you too. And you shouldn't have watched those movies either, the nazis only portray other races as equal to make honest people like you question their evilness. You will become very prejudiced if you continue to read about stuff, especially stuff written by the nazis themselves. This article on the other hand is extremly NPOV and you can read many interesting things about the evil nazis and stuff here, good for your education, dude. User:VarzaViezureMinz ::It seems sensible enough to read Mein Kampf and watch Nazi propaganda films if you have a serious interest in the history/ideology of the Nazis. User:Cadr 19:08, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC) :::I'm fairly certain Varza was being sarcastic. As for what the Ayran race is, that is debateable - many people see the ideal as being Nordic, tall, blonde hair, blue eyes, but of course Hitler was none of those. However, it is well known he despised the Poles as well as the Jews and Gypsies. What other races, specifically, I do not know, though he didn't really seem to like Slavic people or Russians either. Ayran can be simply taken to mean of a certain line of descent (i.e. descendents of a certain group). See Aryan race. User:Titanium Dragon 05:49, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC) ==Terminology in Pop Culture== I have never seen the term "spelling Gestapo" anywhere before here. Generally, people who are sticklers for proper spelling and grammar are known as "grammar Nazis" instead. I've taken the liberty to change the former term. --User:Coldacid 17:48, 2004 Nov 25 (UTC) ==Post WWII Germany== I read somewhere about supporters/members of the Nazi regime/system carrying on terrorist or similar activities in the immediate post-war period. Can anyone develop this and make mention of it - a sentence or two would suffice. (Anon) See werwolf - it seems to have been pretty low level.. User:Mozzerati 18:15, 2004 Dec 6 (UTC) :Most of it was before the end of the war as well - after the war ended its activities declined precipitously. It isn't really more than a footnote to history. User:Titanium Dragon 05:52, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC) ==Mussolini quote has a fake cite== "Fascism should more properly be called corporatism, since it is the merger of state and corporate power." The so-called Mussolini quote where he is claimed to have equated fascism with corporate power is a fake or a terrible translation. This quote does not appear in the original Italian encyclopedia text or any of the English translations from that period. I have tracked down the original 1935 English version of Mussolini's pamphlet, Mussolini, Benito. 1935. "The Doctrine of Fascism." (Firenze: Vallecchi Editore), which is listed as a translation of Mussolini's article in the Enciclopedia Italiana (1932). The quote above does not appear. Nor does it appear in a longer booklet which contains "The Doctrine of Fascism" as a chapter: Mussolini, Benito. 1935. "Fascism: Doctrine and Institutions." (Rome: 'Ardita' Publishers). I asked a scholar in Europe to find the quote in the Enciclopedia Italiana (1932), and he said he could not find a sentence that translates into the quote above. Finally I went and copied the original article in the Enciclopedia Italiana, in case anyone wants to pick a page it is supposed to be on. We had a whole discussion of this over on the Talk:Benito Mussolini page. I removed it from this page and the page on corporatism. I have photocopies of all the original documents in front of me. If someone wants to argue this quote exists, please cite the page and paragraph from an original document.--User:Cberlet 19:32, 11 Jan 2005 (UTC) ==Socialist/Marxist/Communist Terminology== This article is in need of serious overhaul on some of its terminology. In its present form it often uses terms such as socialist, marxist, and communist interchangably as if they were one in the same or synonymous to a degree that would support this. They are not. The three terms are related to each other and similar in some ways but each is a precise word with a precise definition (marxism, for example, refers specifically to the subset of communist ideology that derives from Karl Marx and his successors). The role of the term "socialist" in national socialism derives from a very specific conceptualization of the relationship between the people and the state that is itself a variant upon the traditional definition of socialism. The controversy of whether national socialism is socialist is thus an extension of the development of that variant definition - not whether Hitler was friends with a bunch of factory owners. Please see the section on the role of the nation & the edits I made.User:Rangerdude 08:22, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC) :I disagree, for the purposes of the article, they can to a certain extent be used interchangebly – because all Marxists are Communists (at any rate, largely seen through the KPD), and the socialists (the SPD) still considered themsleves Marxists, despite 1919. It is not simply a variant definition (or some abstraction), it corresponds to an interpertation of policy which the editor above grossly oversimplifies in an attempt to outright state that the Nazis were socialists. Notice, for example, how s/he changed: :
In comparison, ''many socialists'' refute ...
:into:
:In comparison ''other socialist ideologies'' reject ...
:(italics are my emphasis) User:El C 09:16, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
::All Marxists may be communists, but all communists are NOT necessarily marxists. Terms with specific meanings should be used with precision, not as the synonym of the moment.User:Rangerdude 18:36, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
Whenever one could demonstrate a need for it to be noted in this article, that's fine; largely it doesen't though, is my point, because it goes off topic (''i.e.'' as already mentioned, both the SPD and KPD considered themsleves Marxist, and historically, in that sense, they are really key). User:El C 23:01, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
:Then identify them both in the PARTICULAR as marxist, or self-identified marxists. That does not justify using the terms marxist, socialist, and communist interchangably in the article though. User:Rangerdude 22:27, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
::I argue that sometimes it does, while othertimes such generalizations are appropriate and are not reductionistic. User:El C 23:01, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
I do find your changes to be POV User:El C 23:01, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
:Exactly how is it POV to remove text such as:
:::"The suggestion that economic intervention is left-wing ignores the tradition of intervention practiced by monarchies and oligarchies in Europe before the eighteenth century, and the intervention, including protectionism, subsidies and anti-trade union laws, practiced by right-wing parties in government in Europe and North America during the eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth centuries."
:The only POV being pushed there is in sentences like that, which disguise a speculative POV rebuttal of an argument (and something of a straw man one at that) into the article's text as if it were a material comment on the subject. User:Rangerdude 22:27, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
::::That is an argument used by scholars when they discuss the issue. How is it POV to retain it? No, I do not see it a straw man. Incidentally, not to boast, but straw man is an article I made appreciable and long-lasting contributions to (I have written nearly a quarter of that article), and my addition has thus far enjoyed overwhelming consesnsus, so I do have some familarity with the term and I do attempt to avoid using starw man arguments (with a large measure of success, I maintain). To sum up, yes, it is pertinent for the topic in question, remains my position. User:El C 23:01, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
and that they ignore much of the past discussions and consensus painfuly arrived at with respect to this specific subject. Have you read what I and others had written in this talk page concerning the issue of Nazism and Socialism? I ask that because I wish to avoid repeating myself on that front as much as it is possible. When you simply insert such passages as the ones disputed without having a discussion of it specifically (and I'll reiterate: one which takes into account prior ones), without attempting to establish consensus, these outcomes, these objections to your changes, should not be a surprise to you (they should not because I automatically consider you an inteligent person with rational and critical faculties of observation).
Therefore, when you go on, against/without consensus, to also explicitly state your position on Nazism ''viz.'' Socialism in other articles that are on my watchlist, a similar response (to similarly unilateral) changes should not be surprising to you on that front, either. At any rate, my position is that unilateral action (or innuendo about gatekeeping, N/POV, tages, etc.), will not do for the controversial changes you are calling for to be retained. For an issue of this magnitude (both theoretically in general, and in terms of past disputes, discussions and consensus here, specifically), frankly, I am more than a little surprised you considered the above comments (which, again, I wish to stress, do not even touch on the issue of Nazism's relationship to Socialism) as sufficient. I hope I have made my position clear, please let me know if you need for me to elaborate or elucidate anything that I have said here (or anything I did not) and we can discuss the issue both colegially and substantively. User:El C 21:31, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
:I appreciate your past work on this article, but previous edits on wikipedia are not set in stone nor are they always the best edits for an article. This article, as with all others, is a continuous work in progress open to ANY wikipedia editor who so chooses to participate. You are not the gatekeeper to this article (and yes - going through and cleaning out additions to an article because you personally do not like them is gatekeeping). You do not sit at the head of a council that must approve each and every little change to this article and you do not have the right to arbitrarily censor out or reject changes that you do not like, especially when they are intended to remove NPOV problems in the article - a policy that I suggest you review. Nor does there seem to be any overwhelming "consensus" problem with anything I've done other than the fact that it evidently does not meet the consensus of one single person: you. It is not "controversial" to add solid factual information (e.g. the role of the nazi volksgemeinschaft principle, which was central to their ideology's view of the state-citizen relationship). Nor is it "controversial" to remove a very clear and blatant POV statement disguised in the article text (except, perhaps, to the person pushing that POV). Nor is it "controversial" to make a polite, plainly stated suggestion on the talk page that greater care be exercised in using the terms marxist, socialist, and communist as if they were interchangable. If you disagree with any particular aspect of these changes by all means discuss themUser:Rangerdude 22:21, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
::Actually, I was only involved in the discussion, I have not made any contributions to this article (aside from reverting vandals) – but I have written extensively about Nazi Germany in this encyclopedia, and all my writings on this topic have enjoyed overwhelming consensus (again, none of the passages you are disputing were authored by me, because I have authoredf nothing in the article space itself). I am familliar with NPOV policy, I do not need to review it again – I think the evidence clearly demonstrates that I follow that policy (for example: I was the one who had to note to you the issue about the tag, not the other way around, etc.). You are distorting the situation: politeness is not an issue behind the controversial nature of your edits – since when did I mention politeness or lack thereof (rhetorical: I did not). You seem to be, quite circularly, going around and discussing anything but the topic itself – returning to terminological abstractions, which, I already mentioned are not that key to my objections. User:El C 23:01, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
:Also - on the many socialists/other socialist ideologies change - if you have something better I'm completely open to it. I was trying to think of a way of stating it that avoided the weasil wording "many socialists" (which begs the questions - who are these other socialists? How "many" of them are there? etc.). It seems that your gripe is with the word "other". I changed it to "some" as an alternative User:Rangerdude 22:27, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
::Finally, please make sure to sign our names (respectively) if you break up a preexisting text (so it is easier for other editors to follow who said what). I cannot provide precise quantifications, but you should note that some positions are so well-known that what would otherwise clearly be a weasel word, is actually the most inteligent and intelgable way to express something. True, one should attempt to ''avoid'' weasel words (and I argue I do, in my own writings), but it is not entirely avoidable, in that sense, each and everytime. User:El C 23:01, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
===Other NPOV, style, and accuracy Problems===
*Biased language is common. Example:
**Article uses term big business and links to that article, which defines itself as a pejorative in the opening sentence User:Rangerdude
:::It is a pejorative in the conterxt of socialism User:El C 23:15, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
And pejorative terms tend to indicate POV. This is not an article from the socialist POV. It is an article from a _neutral_ POV. Since the reference is to what could be otherwise described as corporate business or large corporations in neutral language, this link should be changed.User:Rangerdude 23:39, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
::If we the article goes on to outline whether they were generally socialists, the preojratives of socialism become pertinent, as NPOV. User:El C 23:52, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
:::Unless you are specifically quoting a socialist figure, I disagree. The context of that particular pejorative term is a paragraph that contrasts business with labor - not an opinion of a socialist figure. A neutral term like "corporations" is properUser:Rangerdude 00:08, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
::::No, I disagree with your disagreement, the article can (when qualified as such) outline this without citing a specific individual – it all depends on the nature of this qualification. I think labour and capital is a neutral description, coproations is a bit too exclusive of a term (for example, owners of large estates whose properties the Nazis left largely untouched, were not necessarily involved in or a part of coprorations, etc.). User:El C
*What could be described as "Talking Points" against the nazi-socialist link are repeated multiple times in the article, creating heavy redundancy and overemphasis of them:
**Hitler's belief of Marx's jewish connection/judeo-bolshevism is stated in two separate paragraphs at different places in the article
**The same point about nazi rejection of workers rights is restated at least three different ways in three different paragraphs
**Discussion of the role of class conflict is heavily redundant and recurs throughout the article repeating much of the same thing. It is linked at least twice as well. User:Rangerdude
:::Having an item(s) of such significance repeated twice, is not hugely redundent and would depend on the specifics. User:El C 23:15, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
It is a problem when the object of this medium is to be concise and the large number of redundancies in this article (which often consist of the exact same things stated for the exact same purpose only 2 or 3 paragraphs apart) are evidence that it is poorly written, and possibly written with a POV that emphasizes those points through repetition.User:Rangerdude 23:39, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
::I am not dipsuting that there may be redundancies in the article, but each such claim and edits to that effect needs to be approached catiously rather than as an aggregate, was my poiint, I suppsoe. User:El C 23:52, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
:::Okay. Then how should we go about doing that?User:Rangerdude 00:08, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
::::Please see my proposal at Talk:Socialism for a practical plan. User:El C 00:20, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
**"Talking Point" about Nazi connections to business is brought up at length in several different paragraphs spread - again redundant and needs consolidation. Also there is no mention of the fact that corporations that defied the Reich were subject to being seized or state-backed civilian worker programs in factories (e.g. for those unable to serve as soldiers), which were arguably very socialistic or at least stalinist in nature. User:Rangerdude
:::Not socialistic if capitalists keep the profits from work done in enterprises ''as capitalists''. The Nazis mainly expropriated Jewish businesses, and at any rate, liberal-democratic countries also, sometimes siezed private interests. It is topical. User:El C 23:15, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
::::That's a POV - your POV. As I carefully noted, the practice was _arguably_ socialistic in nature, meaning it could be interpreted as you do or alternatively as evidence of socialist tendencies depending on how one looks at it.User:Rangerdude 23:39, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
:::::It is NPOV, I argue, whether it is my POV as well I find less relavent. Kenysian tendencies are not necessarily socialist ones, even when there is explicit rhetoric that they are just that. User:El C 23:52, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
::::::It's not NPOV when you are passing judgment on it. From the conservative perspective, keynesian tendencies are often seen as socialistic though from the socialist perspective they may not be. But it's not our business to side with either perspective, hence a neutral approach would term it as an argument offered by some.User:Rangerdude 00:08, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
::::::Then it is seen as such in error. Note what Keynes himself had said about his theory and his own position (I'm paraphrasing: as 'supporting the educated borgoisie'). I'll see if I can find the pertinent passage by Keynes, if you wish. User:El C 00:17, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
:::::::That's not the nature of the argument though. Keynesianism is not seen as socialistic on the basis of Keynes being a socialist in theory, which he was not, but rather on the notion that it leads to consequences that are seen by conservatives as socialistic in practice. Some conservatives argue that Keynes introduced a series of thought that, if taken to its logical consequences, results in socialism. Whether we agree or disagree with this belief, it is perfectly valid for its proponents to assert critiques of Keynesianism like it.User:Rangerdude 01:28, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
:::::::::Oh, I see what you mean. When qualified ''that'' carefuly, I have no objections to it being mentioned. This is in contradistinction, though, to an overview of what is generally prevailing social-scientific opinion as to whether this is the case or not. User:El C 03:12, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
*Claims that Nazis opposed the idea "that workers should control the means of production" - this is not entirely accurate and is grossly oversimplified. Nazi political theory did object to a worker-oriented state, but it sidestepped the "means of production" issue by incorporating its control in the service of the Reich via the Volksgemeinschaft. User:Rangerdude
:::Yes, but the Nazis were dishonest and their theory not very advanced (i.e. going to businessmen and speaking against 'Jewish' Bolsheviks, or going to workers and speaking against 'Jewish' bankers and capitalists), we should not give their theory more credit in evaluating it –in practice– than it deserve. User:El C 23:15, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
::::Accurately portraying nazi political theory is not giving it more credit than it deserves. Like it or not, the volksgemeinschaft was a central part of their theory - a very horrible notion in its own right a part of their theory nonetheless. We can't simply exclude it or pretend it does not exist because you do not personally like the implications it may have for this whole "nazism was socialist/not-socialist" debate.User:Rangerdude 23:39, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
:::::I am not disputingg that there could be further improvment to an accoutn of the volksgemeinschaft, nor am I pretending it dosen't exist because I find it ideologically convineint, but I do take issues with what it meant –in paractice– in terms of actual policy. User:El C 23:52, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
::::::That's fair enough. Theories - especially ideological extreme ones - are seldom if ever realized as they claim in practice. But are you okay now with simply including it?
:::::::Of course, in fact, I insist that it needs to be included (how, though, is the question). User:El C 00:17, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
*Discussion of Hitler's "conservative" allies is very selective - it emphasizes and greatly expands upon Franz von Papen as a conservative ally of Hitler but makes no mention of Chancellor Kurt von Schleicher, a center-right military nationalist who was one of Hitler's biggest opponents.User:Rangerdude 23:02, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
:::I think it is quite representative, actually. But you do have a point there. User:El C 23:15, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
::::If major figures on the right who opposed Hitler such as Schleicher are neglected in an article that heavily emphasizes figures on the right who supported Hitler, it is far from representative. In fact it is telling only part of the story in a way that supports one particular POV. Something about Schleicher should be addedUser:Rangerdude 23:39, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
::::::(Added after the comment directly bellow was submitted) I agree. User:El C
:::::It depends on the number of figures included/excluded, and the role they played in the overall dynamic. We cannot go on to claim -gross- misrepresntation on the basis of one example and then use that as a generalization for the rest. User:El C 23:52, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
::::::Schleicher is a pretty big example to overlook! He was Chancellor of Germany and probably the most powerful competitor to Hitler for control of the government in the early 30's (which is why Hitler had him assassinated). I added a paragraph about Schleicher contrasting him with Papen to balance this out.User:Rangerdude 00:08, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
:::::::Indeed, I know he was, as I said, you do have a good point there. I will review your addition soon (I have to go out now). Please review my proposal at Talk:Socialism about us progressing forward in our editorial collaboration. Thanks. User:El C 00:17, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
::::::::Overall, it looks like a sound series of edits (and a good addition on Schleicher), but I have to look at it more closely, which I intended to do now, but I'm suddenly writing in haste. I do take issues with some of the changes, I should note, but as a sign of good faith I will leave everything untouched until I can attend to it comprehensively (most likely tommorow). Please, though, note edits which strike you as (for our immediate purposes) potentially controversial here in the talk page first. User:El C 03:12, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
There is a very large section on Nazism and Socialism. Obvious case of well-poisoning (poisoning the Socialist well, of course). Clearly
there was some socialist influence in the party's early days as the German Workers's Party
(I wouldn't deny that socialists in many countries often had "white supremacist" views - eg Jack London) but by 1933 only the Socialist title remained. A brief discussion of this, about the same length as those on the links with other ideologies, should be enough.
User:81.156.102.204 21:43, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
== I'm new here ==
Well, I have to disagree with this article here on one thing.
''Italic text''# Racism
* Especially anti-Semitism, which eventually culminated in the Holocaust.
* The creation of a Herrenrasse (Master Race= by the Lebensborn (Fountain of Life; A department in the Third Reich)
* Anti-Slavism
* Belief in the superiority of the White, Germanic, Aryan or Nordic races.
# Euthanasia and Eugenics with respect to "Racial Hygiene"''Italic text''
Racism is not a major pillar of Nazi beleif. Origionally, Nazism was a purley Pro-German movement with little or no racist overtones. However, People like Heinrich Himmler and and Adolf Hitler used their power to promote Anti-Semitism and Racist. That also rules out Euthanasia in that particular case. Simple fact is, most Nazis, including my Grandfather, knew nothing about the concentration camps.
If it was not for those 'missassumptions' I may be considered a Nazi, however I am not racist against anyone and I do not beleive in Euthanasia. And I'm of Italian-Austrian Decent. Therefore I am not a member of the superior 'Nordic' race.
Thank you
:I don't see how your comments challenge the substance of those claims as true. The article can, after all, speak of the Nazi currents of thought while they were in power (which is key). User:El C 08:24, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
::The argument is absurd in any case. the DAP, the party that became the Nazis, was always anti-semitic. This was the only thing that remained constant about the party. The later elaborations of it into complex theories of the superiority of the Aryan race were, indeed, not an original part of the party platform. But anti-semitism was always the key aspect to the party. User:John Kenney User_talk:John Kenney 16:38, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
:: As anyone knows, a good proportion of ''Mein Kampf'' is some sort of theory of evolution of people -- Can I be POV for an instant ? I'd say that Hitler was part wannabe Darwin, part wannabe Marx; for some obscure reason, he hates Jews, and spends most of the book trying to justify a hatred which, though being presented as a logical consequence of a constructed argument, clearly preceded it.
:: Now the question would be "When does actual nazism appear" ? "Nazism" refering to "Nazional Sozialismus", we might take the moment when the NAP became the NSDAP (before 1923), but I think that it'd be more reasonable to found ourselves on the book which form the theorical basis for the movement -- ''Mein Kampf'', a badly written pamphlet oozing with antisemitism. In any case, it would probably be easy to find proves that the NAP and the diferent movements which elvoved into the NSDAP where antisemit. User:Rama 23:44, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
== Derogatory abbreviation? ==
I understand that "sozi" is a derogatory abbreviation for "socialist" in German. However, I thought that this was by ''analogy'' to "Nazi", and that the latter was simply a neutral abbreviation used by the Nazis themselves. Is this wrong? --User:Fubar Obfusco 15:58, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
: "Nazi" was constructed the same way "Sozi", by the left wing, for what I have heard, so it would be the other way round :p (a little like the Socialists insulting the Nazis back).
:I don't think that I have ever heard any Nazi refer to "nazism" or a "nazi", they always use "Nazionalsozialismus".
:Of course, nowaday, lots of neo-Nazis call themselves "nazi".
: I don't know whether there are references I can cite for this, though... we might ask for a confirmation of the German page, for instance, what do you think ? User:Rama 16:32, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
Nazi wasn't used in Germany during that time period. It was the NSPDA, and thats what it was called.
Thank you.
== Request for comment on uncomplimentary history ==
I'm coming to this page because I expect it is closely watched by people who have had to think through the balancing act needed to properly present uncomplimentary history. I am starting a discussion on how to balance history that is derogatory (or viewed by some as derogatory). I put my more detailed request at the
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia%3AVillage_pump_%28policy%29#Need_policy_on_uncomplimentary_history Village Pump].
* I didn't get much response there as of today, so I put in a policy proposal under Wikipedia:Uncomplimentary_history
== External Links ==
# "Myth: Hitler was a leftist" (http://www.huppi.com/kangaroo/L-hitler.htm) - an extensive case against portraying Hitler as a Left-winger by Steve Kangas
# What Fascism Is & Isn't (http://www.spiritone.com/~gdy52150/chpt1.htm) - with references to both Fascism and Nazism, explaining why they are not Leftist by Glen Yeadon
Why are the writings of these two Usenet fucktards, Steve Kangas, a psychotic delusional who probably intended to murder Richard Mellon Scaife, but ended up committing suicide in a bathroom across from his office, and Glen Yeadon, a total illiterate, given so much as a shred of credibility here? Both articles are premised on bullshit, and have long since been discussed and discarded on Usenet and elsewhere.
: The Steve Kangas piece seems to me to be clearly original research. I'll remove unless someone can show otherwise. -- User:Temtem 03:37, Jun 23, 2005 (UTC)
== Comedy about nazism ==
If anybody can think of pop culture entertainment involving humor and nazism, make a article called Nazism comedy
== Comedy about nazism ==
If anybody can think of pop culture entertainment involving humor and nazism, make a article called Nazism comedy. --User:SuperDude115 21:39, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
Perhaps the Mel Brooks film "The prodcuers" , or various British comedies such as Allo Allo might count, although it is debatable whether these actually deal directly with Nazism. What about the Charlie Chaplin film 'The Great Dictator;? User:Will Lakeman 19:07, 13 May 2005 (UTC)
== 'Conservative support for Hitler' ==
The claim that the British Conservative Party viewed Hitler as 'the savior of Western civilization and of capitalism against Bolshevism' is a lie. Individuals within the Tory party did believe this but it was never party policy to actively support Hitler. I think this claim should be removed.
== Couple requests ==
a) it also might be worth including Hitler's belief in the lost aryan tribe theory - believe it was tied into Atlantis. THere was a recent documentary on Hitler's archelogists going to Neapal & Tibet in a belief they were descents of an Aryan warrior race ... yes, not only odd and overall, not many factual basis for their beliefs but it's still worth noting.
b) What is the pronounciation of Nazi? It's English, it's usually pronounced 'Not-zee,' is that based on the German pronounciation since it seems in English, the correct pronounciation is 'Nah-zee."
:The correct pronunciation is ''nat-see''. Today most people seem to use this. But older Generations in Britain, the ones who lived through the war, often said ''na-zay''. --User:Doric Loon 14:37, 14 May 2005 (UTC)
Is that 'nat-see' based on German's pronunciation? Since there's no "T" to be found anywhere in the abbreviation?
==Proposal to move==
Not a strong conviction, more flying a kite, but don't you think this article should be under the heading National Socialism, with Nazism being the redirect? I know "Nazi" is used far more frequently in English than in German, but it is still a colloquial, name-calling kind of word, and to me it just doesn't sound serious enough for historical discussion. I'm not saying don't use it, but at least keep it out of the headings, and perhaps alternate it with phrases like "the NS-period"? --User:Doric Loon 14:37, 14 May 2005 (UTC)
== Slavs as Subhumans ==
Well I notice this article like many others I've read refers to slavs as being untermenshe (subhuman) The quote "People of Slavic descent were also seen as subhuman, but only marginally parasitic, because they had their own land and nations" is used in many articles I've read, I just don't know what proof their is that would suggest such ideology. Some allude to Mein Kampf as depicting slavs as subhuman but If you've read it you'd know it really doesn't, through out the book he uses the nation not the meta-ethnecity to describe slavic peoples, he only uses the dysphemism "slave" to describe russian slavs, who he had seen as being slaves to the bosheviks. This is hardly evidence to support the intended creation of a slave class which is what many contend was Hitlers master plan. Also using polish russian slave labour isn't evidence either, since it was a War, and not the any war, the greatest war ever. If this was real ideology , or even just present undercurrents of such Ideology, I doubt there would've been any slavs collaborating, but that wasn't the case, the slavs by far were the main collaborators, such as Pavelic and croats, the Slovakians, many soviet citizens especially ukranians and white russians. In many instances slavic populations faired better than many other non-slavs, for instance under Heydrich the Czech occupation was largely not nearly as violent and oppressive as you'd think it was. With a nickname like "the hangman" you'd think it was pure tyranny but it really wasn't the case, the only sizable reprisal came after Heydrich was assassinated.Nazism
Political theories Anti-Semitism Fascism
Nazism
{| align=right style="margin-left: 15px; text-align: center; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:5px; font-size: 85%; width: 14em;" class=box |--- | align=center |This article is part of the
Nazism series.
|- |bgcolor=papayawhip| ''National Socialist organizations'' National Socialist German Workers Party
Sturmabteilung
Schutzstaffel
Hitler Youth
Lebensborn
National Socialist Motor Corps
''Nazism in history'' Early Nazi Timeline
Beer Hall Putsch
Nuremburg Party Rallies
Third Reich
Night of the Long Knives
Nur für Deutsche
''Nazi concepts'' Glossary of the Third Reich
National Socialist Program
Racial policy of Nazi Germany
Führerprinzip
Lebensraum
Volk
''Relevant Lists'' List of Nazi Party leaders and officials
List of fascists
''Nazi political parties and movements outside Germany'' Canadian National Socialist Unity Party
German-American Bund
Nasjonal Samling
Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging
National Socialist Bloc
National Socialist League
''Related Subjects'' Nazi propaganda
Nazi architecture
Nazi mysticism
Nazism in relation to other concepts
Hitler salute
''Mein Kampf''
Aryan race
Swastika
Völkisch movement
Racial purity
Anti-Semitism
Führer
Awards and decorations of Nazi Germany
National Bolshevism
Neo-Nazism
|- | align="right" | [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Template:Fascism&action=edit edit this box] |}
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
N
NA | NB | NC | ND | NE | NF | NG | NH | NI | NJ | NK | NL | NM | NO | NP | NR | NS | NT | NU | NW | NX | NY | NZ |Words begining with Nazism:
Nazism
Nazism
Nazism
Nazism
Nazism/Archive_1
Nazism/Archive_2
Nazism/Revolutionary_not_Reactionary
Nazism/Seperate-National_Socialism
Nazism/Unprotected_temp
NazismAintCool!
NazismIsntCool
NazismIsntCool
NazismIsntCool/sig
Nazism_and_Mysticism
Nazism_and_mysticism
Nazism_and_socialism
Nazism_and_socialism
Nazism_and_socialism/archive_1
Nazism_and_socialism/archive_2
Nazism_and_socialism/archive_3
Nazism_and_socialism/archive_4
Nazism_and_socialism/archive_5
Nazism_and_socialism/Delete
Nazism_in_relation_to_other_concepts
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