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Navy[[image:carrier.arp.500pix.jpg|thumb|250px|U.S. Navy supercarrier USS Nimitz (CVN-68) on November 3, 2003. Approximately fifty aircraft can be counted on deck.]] A Navy is the branch of a country's military forces principally designated for naval warfare, namely lake- or ocean-borne combat operations and related functions. It includes operations conducted by surface vessels (ships), submarine vessels, and seaborne naval aviation, as well as ancillary support, communications, training, and other fields; recent developments have included outer space-related operations. ==History== Naval warfare first developed whenever humankind conducted fighting from water-borne vessels. Prior to the introduction of the cannon, and ships with sufficient capacity to carry the large guns, naval warfare primarily involved ramming and boarding actions. The mass and deck space required to carry a large number of cannon made oar-based propulsion impossible, and ships came to rely primarily on sails. The development of large capacity, sail-powered ships carrying cannon led to a rapid expansion of European naval power, and ultimately helped propel the age of exploration and colonialism. Britain gradually gained an ascendancy over rival powers Spain, Holland, and France, becoming the world's dominant naval power. The next stage in the evolution of naval warfare was the introduction of metal plating along the hull sides. The increased mass required steam-powered engines, which resulted in an arms race between armor thickness and firepower. Another significant improvement came with the invention of the rotating turrets, which allowed the guns to be aimed independently of ship movement. The battle between the Merrimack and the USS Monitor during the American civil war is often cited as the beginning of this age of maritime conflict. By the late 20th century, naval power had seen a great and varied evolution through history, and remains today a major element in the military and strategic security power of a a country's power projection capabilities, though some would suggest its importance has declined in the wake of the development of military aviation and air power. Many leading thinkers, however, suggest that navies are more important today than ever and will soon surpass armies once again as the main measure of a nation's military might. ==Contemporary naval forces== ===Naval tactics and strategy=== It is tempting to regard modern naval combat as the purest expression of tactics. This assumes there is no cover, there are no civilians and the area of combat is level and flat. This is not, however, the truth. The presence of land, changing water depths, weather, detection and electronic warfare, the dreadful speed at which actual combat occurs and other factors -- especially air power -- render naval tactics truly formidable. The basic idea of all tactics (land, sea and air) is fire and movement. The fulfillment of a mission by the effective delivery of firepower resulting from scouting and the creation of good firing positions. Movement is a large component of modern combat; a naval fleet can travel hundreds of kilometres in a day. In naval warfare, the key is to detect the enemy while avoiding detection. Much time and effort is spent to deny the enemy the chance to detect your forces. There is also the concept of battle space: a zone around a naval force within which a commander is confident of detect, track, engage and destroy threats before they pose a danger. This is why a navy prefers the open sea. The presence of land and the bottom topology of an area compress the battle space, limit the opportunities to maneuver, make it easier for an enemy to predict the location of the fleet and make the detection of enemy forces more difficult. In shallow waters, the detection of submarines and mines is especially problematic. One scenario that was the focus of American naval planning during the Cold War was a conflict between two modern and well equipped fleets on the high seas, the clash of the United States and the Soviet Union. The main consideration is for Carrier Battle Groups (CVBGs). ===Naval powers=== ==Operations== [[Image:US riverboat using napalm in Vietnam.jpg|thumb|250px|Riverboat of the U.S. brownwater navy deploying napalm during the Vietnam War]] Historically a national navy operates from one or more bases that are maintained by the country or an ally. The base is a port that is specialized in naval operations, and often includes housing for off-shore crew, an arsenal depot for munitions, docks for the vessels, and various repair facilities. During times of war temporary bases may be constructed in closer proximity to strategic locations, as it is advantageous in terms of patrols and station-keeping. Nations with historically strong naval forces have found it advantageous to obtain basing rights in areas of strategic interest. Navy ships normally operate with a group, which may be a small squadron of comparable vessels, or a larger naval fleet of various specialized ships. The commander of a fleet travels in the flag ship, which is usually the most powerful vessel in the group. Prior to the invention of radio, commands from the flag ship were communicated by means of flags. At night signal lamps could be used for a similar purpose. Later these were replaced by the radio transmitter, or the flashing light when radio silence was needed. A "blue water navy" is designed to operate far from the coastal waters of its home nation. These are ships capable of maintaining station for long periods of time in deep ocean, and will have a long logistical tail for their support. By contrast a "brown water navy" operates in the coastal periphery and along inland waterways, where larger ocean-going naval vessels can not readily enter. Blue water fleets may require specialized vessels, such as mine sweepers, when operating in the littoral regions along the coast. == Traditions == [[Image:Dzwon_ORP_Iskra_II.jpeg|thumb|left|120px|Ship bell of ORP Iskra II - Polish Navy school tall ship]] An important tradition on board British (and later U.S. and other nation's) naval vessels has been the ship's bells. This was historically used to mark the passage of time on board a vessel, including the duration of four-hour watches. They were also employed as warning devices in heavy fog, and for alarms and ceremonies. The bell was originally kept polished first by the ship's cook, then later by a person belonging to that division of the ship's personnel. In the United States the First Navy Jack is a flag that has the words, "Don't Tread on Me" on the flat it is a tradition that dates back to the Revolutionary War. By European tradition, ships have been referred to as a "she". However, it was long considered bad luck to permit women to sail on board naval vessels. To do so would invite a terrible storm that would wreck the ship. The only women that were welcomed on board were figureheads mounted on the prow of the ship. In spite of these views, some women did serve on board naval vessels, usually as wives of crewmembers. Even today, despite their acceptance into many naval military functions, women are still not permitted to serve on board nuclear-powered submarines. This is, however, ostensibly a safety precaution because the female reproductive system is apparently more susceptible to damage by radiation than male genitals. ==Naval organisation== ===Naval vessels=== Modern naval vessels are generally divided into five main categories. The categories are: Aircraft Carriers, Battleships, Cruisers, Destroyers, and Submarines. There are also support and auxiliary vessels, including the minesweeper, patrol boat, and tender. During the age of sail, the vessel categories were divided into the ship of the line, frigate, and sloop-of-war. For a list of the prefixes used with ship names (HMS, USS, &c.) see ship prefix. ===Navy echelons=== Admiralty Fleet Flotille ===Naval ranks=== http://users.sisna.com/justinb/unifhome.html http://www.naval-reference.net/index.html ==Naval Campaign== *needs to be filled in. --> == See also == * List of navies * Modern naval tactics * Naval fleet * Naval history * Naval warfare == External links == * [http://www.nosi.org NOSI (Naval Open Source Intelligence)] - a digital library of world naval operational news, curated from open source intelligence, and intended to serve as a source of continuing education on naval and military affairs * [http://vlnavmar.usnaweb.org/ Naval & Maritime page] of the [http://www.vlib.org/ World Wide Web Virtual Library] Types of military Navies Navy==List of naval vessels== Is a list of naval vessels really needed here? It's redundant with the list on the ship page as well as :Category:Ship types. — User:RJHall 14:32, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC) *It might find place if more order was put to it and more use was made of it. For example, splitting it up into several sections seperated by text? Also, I question the idea of dividing by 'steam' and 'pre-steam'. A lot's changed since the Merrimack. 'Steam', 'pre-steam', and 'carrier age' at least? Or something along those lines? --User:KharBevNor 18:04, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC) == Structure and Category problem == Guys, don't we need a general "Navy" category? And a separate (and large) "naval history" article? What's wrong with all of you? I thought such military stuff would be in a top-priority list of young Wikipedians. User:AlexPU :Try clicking on naval history. A "Navy" category is plausible, right now things are somewhat scattered among :Category:Naval warfare, :Category:Navies, :Category:Ships, etc. It's not unusual for a top-level article such as this one to not be a good representative of all of our content; people tend to work at the leaves, so to speak, rather than at the trunk (partly because no one feels qualified to do the overviews, I think). User:Stan Shebs 23:06, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC) ==Structure== Proposed structure (to cut and paste): ==History== ==Contemporary naval forces== *we need stuff on major naval tactics and strategy here: Battlegroups, role of submarines, etc. etc. Why are there no main articles on Naval tactics or Naval strategy? --User:KharBevNor 15:05, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC) **Modern naval tatics has an article. User:Falphin 00:57, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC) ***where? --User:KharBevNor 17:50, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC) ==Naval technology== ==Naval divisions== How about the Navy in fiction? From Hornblower to Jack Ryan [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Lotsofissues lots of issues] | [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Lotsofissues&action=edit§ion=new leave me a message] 08:23, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC) *Those could be useful additions, but what do you think should be in the Contempoary Naval Forces? The major navies, Australia, China, France,Japan,Russia,UK,US etc or what do you think?--User:Falphin 01:13, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC) :*Go for it. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Lotsofissues lots of issues] | [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Lotsofissues&action=edit§ion=new leave me a message] 23:44, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC) **Do the major Navies but cover the tactics and dispositions of minor navies/coastguards like Iceland somewhere, if only in brief. --User:KharBevNor 17:52, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC) ==Ranks== *Shouldn't we move those US navy ranks to their own seperate page and maybe add pages for ranks from other contemporary navies, if they don't already exist? --User:KharBevNor 15:05, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC) **I agree. I've removed the list of US naval ranks. I don't think there is a matching separate page already in existence. If there isn't we should create one. Here is the list I've removed: ====U.S. Navy ranks==== #Seaman Apprentice #Seaman #Petty Officer Third Class #Petty Officer Second Class #Petty Officer First Class #Chief Petty Officer #Senior Chief Petty Officer #Master Chief Petty Officer #Fleet/Command Master Chief Petty Officer #Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy #Chief Warrent Officer 1 (no longer in use) #Chief Warrent Officer 2 #Chief Warrent Officer 3 #Chief Warrant Officer 4 #Chief Warrant Officer 5 #Ensign #Lieutenant Junior Grade #Lieutenant #Lieutenant Commander #Commander #Captain #Rear Admiral Lower Half #Rear Admiral Upper Half #Vice Admiral #Admiral #Fleet Admiral (only for wartime) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Lotsofissues lots of issues] | [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Lotsofissues&action=edit§ion=new leave me a message] 23:49, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC) Here's the British ranks whilst we're about this. Someone needs to check this as my source may be out of date, they like to change the precise titles of the ratings especially with alarming regulartity. Admiral of the Fleet is archaic as the british armed forces don't have any five star ranks anymore: *Non-Commissioned: #Ordinary Seaman #Able Seaman #Leading Hand #Petty Officer #Chief Petty Officer #Warrant Officer *Commissioned: #Midshipman #Sub Lieutenant #Lieutenant #Lieutenant Commander #Commander #Captain #Commodore #Rear Admiral #Vice Admiral #Admiral #Admiral of the Fleet (Archaic) --User:KharBevNor 17:59, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC) == List of naval vessels == I propose moving the list of navy vessels to its own page so this general article won't be cluttered. Agreement? [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Lotsofissues lots of issues] | [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Lotsofissues&action=edit§ion=new leave me a message] 23:44, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC) *didn't see this. I agree, unless it's integrated better. Refer to my comments at the top of the page about ordering of the list, as well. --User:KharBevNor 18:05, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC) == Naval Campains == Any idea how we should/what we should do with this section? --User:ZeWrestler 12:00, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC) NavyThis category links articles about the Navy armed services. See other meanings of words starting from letter: NNA | NB | NC | ND | NE | NF | NG | NH | NI | NJ | NK | NL | NM | NO | NP | NR | NS | NT | NU | NW | NX | NY | NZ |Words begining with Navy: Navy Navy Navy Navy-Culebra_protests Navy-Marine_Corps_Memorial_Stadium Navy-stub Navy-Vieques_protests Navy-Vieques_protests Navya_Nair Navy_"E"_Ribbon Navy_(disambiguation) Navy_Achievement_Medal Navy_alphabet Navy_and_Marine_Corps_Achievement_Medal Navy_and_Marine_Corps_Commendation_Medal Navy_and_Marine_Corps_Medal Navy_and_Marine_Corps_Overseas_Service_Ribbon Navy_base Navy_bases Navy_bean Navy_Blue Navy_blue Navy_blue Navy_Blues Navy_Board Navy_Ceremonial_Guard_Ribbon Navy_Chaplain_Corps Navy_Commendation_Medal Navy_Commendation_Star Navy_Cross Navy_Cross_Medal Navy_Cross_recipients Navy_Day Navy_Dental_Corps Navy_Department Navy_Distinguished_Service_Medal Navy_Excellence_Ribbon Navy_Expeditionary_Medal Navy_E_Ribbon Navy_Field Navy_Fighter_Weapons_School Navy_Gallantry_Cross Navy_Good_Conduct_Medal Navy_Inactive_Fleet Navy_Island Navy_League_Cadet_Corps Navy_List Navy_list Navy_Marine_Corps_Intranet Navy_Medical_Corps Navy_Medical_Service_Corps Navy_Meritorious_Unit_Commendation Navy_NCIS Navy_NCIS_(television) Navy_Nurse_Corps Navy_Occupation_Service_Medal Navy_Officer Navy_of_Brazil Navy_of_Finland Navy_of_finland Navy_of_Italy Navy_of_the_Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth Navy_of_the_Republic_of_China Navy_of_the_Republic_of_Korea Navy_One Navy_people Navy_Pier Navy_Prototype_Optical_Interferometer Navy_Register Navy_Registry Navy_Reserve_Officer_Training_Corps Navy_SEAL Navy_SEAL Navy_Seal Navy_SEALs Navy_Seals Navy_ships_of_South_Korea Navy_SLEP Navy_Supply_Corps Navy_Supply_Corps Navy_Times Navy_Unit_Commendation Navy_Vessel_Register Navy_Yard Navy_Yard_(Washington_Metro) Navy_Yard_Basin Navy_Yard_City,_WA Navy_Yard_City,_Washington |
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