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NAURU#REDIRECT Template:NRU NauruThe Republic of Nauru (pronounced nah-OO-roo), formerly known as Pleasant Island, is an island republic in the South Pacific Ocean. It is one of the world's smallest independent countries both in terms of population and land area and the smallest independent republic in both terms. It is also the smallest non-European country (in terms of land area). Much of its past prosperity derived from the large amount of phosphate deposits on the island, believed to be either of guano or of marine origin. The phosphate is used as a fertilizer around the world and the majority of it has been exported to Australia. With the exhaustion of the phosphate supplies, Nauru faces an uncertain future. In the 1990s, it tried to gain new sources of income by introducing itself as a tax haven, but this story came to an end in July 2004. Nauru currently houses a Nauru detention centre, which holds and processes asylum seekers as part of Australia's Pacific Solution. {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+Republik Naoero Republic of Nauru | align="center" colspan="2"| {| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:#f9f9f9; text-align:center;" | width="130px"| || align=center width=130px| |- | width="130px"| (Flag of Nauru) |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | ''National motto: God's Will First'' |- | align=center colspan=2 style="background:#f9f9f9;" | |- |Official language || English language, Nauruan language |- |Capital || None1 |- |Largest City || Yaren |- |President || Ludwig Scotty |- |Area - Total - % water |List of countries by area 1 E7 m2 Negligible |- |Population - Total (2001) - Population density |List of countries by population 12,329 590/km² |- |Independence |31 January 1968 |- |Currency || Australian dollar |- | Time zone | UTC +12 |- | National anthem || Nauru Bwiema |- | Top-level domain || .nr |- | List_of_country_calling_codes || +674 |- |colspan="2"| 1Yaren is the largest settlement. Nauru is the only country in the world with no official capital. |} == History == ''Main article: History of Nauru'' Nauru was first settled by Polynesian and Melanesian settlers. The first European to arrive was Captain John Fearn in 1798, but Nauru continued as an independent island society, reigned by a king (the most widely known being King Auweyida), until it was annexed by Germany in 1888 to German New Guinea. Mining of its extensive phosphate reserves began early in the 20th century. Following World War I, Nauru became a League of Nations League of Nations in 1920, administered by Australia. In 1947, a trusteeship was approved by the United Nations. Nauru achieved independence in 1968. The founding president was Hammer DeRoburt. Nauru is a special member of the Commonwealth and joined the United Nations as a member state in 1999. In 2001, a ship carrying refugees from various countries (including Afghanistan) and seeking to dock in Australia was diverted to Nauru as part of the Pacific Solution. The refugees were housed in a detention center in Nauru. As of 2004, all but 100 have been granted asylum in Australia. == Politics == ''Main article: Politics of Nauru'' The 18-member Parliament is elected every three years. The Parliament elects a president from amongst its members, who appoints a Cabinet of five to six people. The President is both the head of state and head of government. There is a loose multiparty system; the two main parties are the Democratic Party and Nauru Party (informal). Between 1999 and 2003, a series of no-confidence votes and elections resulted in two people, René Harris and Bernard Dowiyogo, leading the country for alternating periods. Dowiyogo died in office on March 10, 2003 in Washington, DC after heart surgery. Ludwig Scotty was elected President on May 29, 2003; however, in August 2003 there was another no confidence vote. Harris regained support and was re-elected president. On October 1, 2004, Scotty declared a state of emergency and dissolved parliament after it failed to pass a national budget. On June 1, 2005 Nauru severed diplomatic ties with People's Republic of China and re-established links with Republic of China. == Districts == ''Main article: Districts of Nauru'' Nauru has 14 districts: * Aiwo * Anabar * Anetan * Anibare * Baiti * Boe District * Buada * Denigomodu * Ewa District * Ijuw * Meneng * Nibok * Uaboe * Yaren == Geography == ''Main article: Geography of Nauru'' Nauru is a small phosphate rock island in the South Pacific Ocean, south of the Marshall Islands. The island is a raised atoll, with a surrounding reef exposed at low tide. Most of the population live on the narrow coastal belt. A central plateau, covering approximately four-fifths of the land area, rises 70 metres above sea level. There are limited natural fresh water resources. Roof storage tanks collect rainwater, but islanders are mostly dependent on a single, aging desalination plant. Intensive phosphate mining during the past 90 years - mainly by a United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand consortium - has left the central 90% of Nauru a wasteland and threatens limited remaining land resources. Nauru's climate is extremely muggy year-round because of its proximity to the Equator. == Economy == ''Main article: Economy of Nauru'' [[Image:Denigomodu.jpg|thumb|275px|right|Town of Denigomodu in perspective from north. In the back are the laborer settlements.]] Revenues of Nauru have come from exports of phosphates, but reserves are now almost exhausted. Phosphate production has declined since 1989, as demand has fallen in traditional markets and as the marginal cost of extracting the remaining phosphate increases, making it less internationally competitive. While phosphates previously gave Nauruans one of the highest per capita incomes in the Third World, few other resources exist, with most necessities being imported, including fresh water from Australia. The rehabilitation of mined land and the replacement of income from phosphates are serious long-term problems. The government has been borrowing heavily to finance fiscal deficits. Another source of revenue was office rents from Nauru House, one of the tallest buildings in Melbourne, built on the profits from phosphates. Unfortunately, in the 1990s, mismanagement and corruption ruined the once-substantial savings of the island government. The huge earnings from the phosphates mining have been wasted, and now Nauru faces a very uncertain future. In November 2004, in an effort to pay off some Nauru's creditors, the nation's largest assets in Melbourne, including Nauru House, were sold for over $150 million. In the 1990s, Nauru introduced itself as a tax haven, soon becoming one of the favourite spots for dirty money of the Russian mafia. A no-questions-asked policy enabled 70 billion dollars of assets belonging to Russian gangsters to be funneled to Nauru (an estimate by Central Bank of the Russian Federation). This led OECD's task force to identify Nauru as one of fifteen uncooperative tax havens in its fight against money laundering. For example, a bank could be established with as little as $25,000 without visiting the island or maintaining records. At present, Nauru's days as a banking centre are waning, with anti-avoidance legislation having been introduced and foreign hot money leaving the country. Nauru is currently involved in an Australian lawsuit against the United States over a failed underground agreement. Nauru claims that agents representing the United States government offered billions of dollars worth of economic recovery to the island in exchange for new legislation limiting the efficacy of overseas money laundering and tax evasion as well as the establishment of a Nauruan "stooge" embassy in China to function under United States control as a means of secretly ushering defecting North Korean scientists and officials across the border, including Kyong Won-ha, the scientest supposedly responsible for much of Pyongyang's nuclear program. This initiative was termed "Operation Weasel." When news of this agreement surfaced after Nauru faithfully followed through with the necessary legislation and the preliminaries of the embassy (which rightfully drew suspicion from China as it was staffed entirely by westerners), the United States responded that the agents who made the deal with Nauru never had the authority to make such a contract, and Nauru has not yet received the promised aid. Nauru's case against the United States is still pending, but preliminary judgments favor the island nation over the superpower. == Demographics == ''Main article: Demographics of Nauru'' The official language is Nauruan language. English language is widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and commercial purposes. The main religion is Christianity (two-thirds Protestant, one-third Roman Catholic). There is also a sizeable Baha'i community. See also: Special distinctions of Nauru == Culture == [[Image:Aiwo.jpg|right|thumb|275px|Community of Aiwo, from east]] ''Main article: Culture of Nauru'' The island's traditional culture is all but vanished: Nauru is considered to be one of the most Westernized of the Pacific islands. The national sport is Australian Rules Football. Nauru has also had international success in weightlifting. Marcus Stephen has been the most successful lifter to date, winning several Commonwealth Games medals. He was elected to Parliament in 2003. There is a stadium under construction in the district of Meneng. *Nauruan indigenous religion == Miscellaneous topics == * Special distinctions of Nauru * People of note ** Bernard Dowiyogo ** Ludwig Scotty ** Hammer DeRoburt ** King Auweyida ** Kieren Keke ** René Harris ** Alois Kayser ** Philip Delaporte * Communications in Nauru * Transportation in Nauru ** Nauru Pacific Line ** Pacific Forum Line ** Air Nauru * Military of Nauru * Politics of Nauru ** Flotilla of Hope * List of political parties in Nauru ** Naoero Amo * Foreign relations of Nauru * Nauri language * Nauru Phosphate Corporation * Holidays in Nauru ** Angam Day == External links == * [http://www.economist.com/displaystory.cfm?story_id=884045 "Paradise well and truly lost"], ''The Economist'', 20 December 2001 * [http://www.monitor.net/monitor/0304a/nauru.html "Nauru Island: Far Side Of Paradise"], ''Albion Monitor'', 26 April, 2003 * [http://www.spc.int Secretariat of the Pacific Community] - Official site of the Pacific Community * [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/nr.html CIA World Factbook] - Information and statistics * [http://www.vanuatu.usp.ac.fj/paclawmat/Nauru_legislation/Nauru_Constitution.html The Nauru Constitution] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/country_profiles/1134221.stm Country Profile] BBC News * [http://www.cenpac.net.nr CenPacNet], the country's Internet service provider * [http://travel.yahoo.com/p-travelguide-473702-nauru_vacations-i Yahoo! Travel Informations Nauru] * [http://www.janeresture.com/nauru_home/index.htm Jane's Nauru Home Page] * [http://207.70.82.73/pages/descriptions/03/253.html Radio program "This American Life" featured a 30-minute story on Nauru"] * [http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_979.html Consular Information Sheet] Nauru Oceanic countries Micronesia als:Nauru ks:Nauru la:Naurum lv:Nauru li:Naoeroe mi:Nauru ms:Nauru zh-min-nan:Nauru na:Naoero nds:Nauru rm:Nauru sq:Nauru scn:Nauru simple:Nauru th:ประเทศนาอูรู NauruSome things that might be interesting to put somewhere in here: The diet of Nauru(ians?) under highest standards of living were mainly canned foods, leading to high obesity rate. They've been moving into off-shore banking, a lot of Russian mob money and other types of questionable cash has been sent there. As well as off-shore corporations. ~ender There's a lot of information in the German Wikipedia, see . -- User:CdaMVvWgS 18:52, 10 Jul 2004 (UTC) == The only country in the world with no official capital? == I think neither the Vatican City has any official capital. User:Jakro64 22:14, 21 Nov 2004 (UTC) :Most reference books seem to list the capital of the Vatican City as (wait for it) the Vatican City. User:Matthewmayer 15:54, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC) ==Smallest population?== ''It is the world's smallest independent republic both in terms of population and land area''. Exactly the same is said about Tuvalu. Which is correct? User:The Singing Badger 21:59, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC) According to the Tuvalu entry, "Tuvalu is a constitutional monarchy". http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/tv.html : "constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy; began debating republic status in 1992" User:Apokrif 08:37, 17 Mar 2005 (UTC) ==Money laundering== This text was recently added by an IP user (only contribution to date): "Nauru is currently battling the United States in Australian court over an underground agreement gone sour. Nauru claims that agents representing the United States government offered billions of dollars worth of economic recovery to the island in exchange for new legislation limiting the efficacy of overseas money laundering and tax evasion as well as the establishment of a Nauruan "stooge" embassy in China to function under United States control as a means of secretly ushering defecting North Korean scientists and officials across the border, including Kyong Won-ha, the scientest supposedly responsible for much of Pyongyang's nuclear program. This initiative was termed, "Operation Weasel". When news of this agreement came to light after Nauru faithfully followed through with the necessary legislation and the preliminaries of the embassy (which rightfully drew suspicion from China as it was staffed entirely by westerners), the United States responded that the agents who made the deal with Nauru never had the authority to make such a contract, and Nauru has not yet received the promised aid. Nauru's case against the United States is currently still pending, but preliminary judgements favor the island nation over the superpower." Can anyone shed any light on the truth of this? User:Matthewmayer 14:11, 17 Jan 2005 (UTC) :The topic is real, there were a number of Australian newspaper articles about "Operation Weasel", the entirety of which is way more convoluted than the above paragraph implies, as the goal of "Operation Weasel" was to create a safe way for North Korean officials to defect, and the above-mentioned aid was supposedly part of the US's incentive for Nauru's assistance. Oy. Cleaning up the money laundering was secondary, and the US was applying all sorts of diplomatic pressure on that front. This needs cleanup. Perhaps I'll have to research a page on Operation Weasel. For now, here are some random links of varying legitimacy: [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?tocId=9396360], [http://www.ljonn.com/4_03_4.html], [http://www.solport.com/roundtable/archives/000068.php] . -- User:Kaszeta 21:33, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC) NauruArticles about Nauru. Oceanic countries Micronesia Members of the Commonwealth of Nations na:Category:Naoero Nauru{| style="margin:0 auto" align=center class="toccolours" |- !align=center| Districts of Nauru of Nauru || |- |align=center| Aiwo | Anabar | Anetan | Anibare | Baiti | Boe District | Buada | Denigomodu | Ewa District | Ijuw | Meneng | Nibok | Uaboe | Yaren |- |} See other meanings of words starting from letter: NNA | NB | NC | ND | NE | NF | NG | NH | NI | NJ | NK | NL | NM | NO | NP | NR | NS | NT | NU | NW | NX | NY | NZ |Words begining with Nauru: NAURU Nauru Nauru Nauru Nauru Nauru,_Tanzania Nauru-related_stubs Nauru-related_stubs Nauru-stub Nauru-stub Nauru/Communications Nauru/Economy Nauru/Geography Nauru/Government Nauru/History Nauru/Military Nauru/People Nauru/Transportation Nauruan Nauruan_Creole Nauruan_cuisine Nauruan_cuisine Nauruan_culture Nauruan_districts Nauruan_indigenous_religion Nauruan_indigenous_religion Nauruan_language Nauruan_music Nauruan_people Nauruan_sport Nauruan_Tribal_War Nauruish Nauruish Nauru_(disambiguation) Nauru_(Tanzania) Nauru_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics Nauru_at_the_Summer_Olympics Nauru_Bwiema Nauru_Bwiema Nauru_Detention_Centre Nauru_detention_centre Nauru_First Nauru_First_Party Nauru_infobox Nauru_Island Nauru_language Nauru_national_football_team Nauru_national_soccer_team Nauru_Pacific_Line Nauru_Phosphate_Corporation |
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