Manga

:''This article is about the Japanese medium. For other uses see Manga (disambiguation)'' [[Image:Rurouni_Kenshin_manga.jpg|thumb|''Rurouni Kenshin'' manga, volume 1 (English version)]] ''Manga'' (漫画) is the Japanese language word for comic books; outside of Japan, it usually refers specifically to Japanese comics. Manga developed from a mixture of ukiyo-e and Western styles of drawing, and took its current form shortly after World War II. A small amount of the total manga output of Japan is adapted into anime, which is usually created afterwards after a market interest has been established. Often times the stories are modified to appeal to a more mainstream market or to fit broadcast necessities. ==Origins== [[Image:InuYashaVolume1.jpg|thumb|2nd English edition of ''InuYasha Vol. 1'' graphic novel.]] Literally translated, ''manga'' means "random (or whimsical) pictures". The word first came into common usage after the publication of the 19th century ''Hokusai Manga'', containing assorted drawings from the sketchbook of the famous ukiyo-e artist Hokusai. However, ''gi-ga'' (lit. "funny pictures") drawn in the 12th century by various artists contain many manga-like qualities such as emphasis on story and simple, artistic lines. Manga developed from a mixture of ukiyo-e and Western art movements. When the United States began trading with Japan, Japan tried to modernise itself and catch up with the rest of the world. Thus, they imported Western artists to teach their students things such as line, form and colour (things which were never concentrated on in ukiyo-e as the idea behind the picture was normally considered more important). Manga as people know it in the 20th & 21st centuries only really came into being after World War II when the government bans on any non-propaganda were lifted and many publishers sprang up. In the 20th century, ''manga'' came to refer to comics. Though roughly equivalent to the American comic book, manga holds more importance in Japanese culture than comics do in American culture. Manga is well respected both as an art form and as a form of popular literature. Like its American counterpart, manga has been criticized for being violent and sexual; however, there have been no official inquiries or laws that have tried to limit what can be drawn in manga, except for fuzzy decency laws that apply to all published materials, stating that "overly indecent materials should not be sold". This freedom has allowed artists to draw manga for every age group and about every topic. ==Manga format== Manga magazines usually have many series running concurrently with approximately 30–40 pages allocated to each series per issue. These manga magazines, or "anthology magazines", as they are also known, are usually printed on low-quality newsprint and can be anywhere from 200 to more than 850 pages long. Manga magazines also contain one-shot comics and various four-panel yonkoma (equivalent to comic strips). Manga series can run for many years if they are successful. When a series has been running for a while, the stories are usually collected together and printed in dedicated book-sized volumes, called tankobon. These volumes use higher-quality paper, and are useful to those who want to "catch up" with a series so they can follow it in the magazines or if they find the cost of the weeklies or monthlies to be prohibitive. Recently, "deluxe" versions have also been printed as readers have gotten older and the need for something special grew. Old manga have also been reprinted using somewhat lesser quality paper and sold for 100 yen each to compete with the used book market. Manga are primarily classified by the age and gender of the target audience. In particular, books and magazines sold to boys (shonen) and girls (shojo) have distinctive cover art and are placed on different shelves in most bookstores. Japan also has manga caf�s, or manga kissaten. At a manga kissaten, people drink coffee (drink) and read manga. Many things appear in manga format, including wanted posters for criminals (see [http://mdn.mainichi.co.jp/waiwai/0409/0925gouto.html]). ==Manga outside Japan== Manga has been translated into many different languages in different countries including Korea, China, France, Germany, Italy, and many more. In the USA, manga is still a rather small industry, especially when compared to the inroads that anime has made in the USA. An example of a manga publisher in the United States is VIZ Media, the American affiliate of publishers Shogakukan (小学館 ''Shōgakukan'') and Shueisha (集英社 ''Shūeisha''). They have many popular titles such as ''Neon Genesis Evangelion'', ''Dragon Ball Z'', ''Tenchi Muyo!'', ''Rurouni Kenshin'', ''YuYu Hakusho'', (Yūyū Hakusho), ''Yu-Gi-Oh!'' (Yūgiō) and the various works of Rumiko Takahashi. The UK has fewer manga publishers than the US. Since Japanese is usually written right-to-left in works of fiction, manga is drawn and published this way in Japan. When various titles were first translated to other languages, the artwork and layouts were flipped and reversed in a process known as "flopping", so that the book may be read from left-to-right. However, various creators (such as Akira Toriyama) did not approve of their work being modified this way, and requested that foreign versions retain the right-to-left format of the originals. Soon, due to both fan demand and the requests of creators, more publishers began offering the option of right-to-left formatting, which has now become commonplace in North America. Left-to-right formatting has gone from the rule to the exception. Another company, TOKYOPOP, is producing manga widely in the United States, with the right-to-left format as a highly publicized point. They are widely credited with starting the current boom in manga sales, particularly amongst teenage girls. Some critics have complained that their aggressive publishing schedule emphasizes quantity over quality, and might be responsible for translations which many feel to be of sub-optimal quality. However, even their critics tend to admit that their contributions to the success of manga in America have been considerable. France is noted for having a particularly strong and diverse manga market. Many works that are published in France fall into genres that aren't well represented outside of Japan, such as adult oriented drama, or experimental and avant garde works. Authors such as Jiro Taniguchi who are relatively unknown in other western countries have received much acclaim in France. Part of the reason for the sheer popularity and diversity of manga in this country is due to it having a well established and respected comics market of its own (see Franco-Belgian comics). The company Chuang Yi publishes manga in English and Chinese language in Singapore; some of Chuang Yi's English-language titles are imported to Australia and New Zealand. In Indonesia, manga has quickly become one of fastest growing consumer industries, and Indonesia has become one of the biggest manga markets outside of Japan. Manga in Indonesia is published by Elex Media Komputindo, Garuda publishing, Gramedia, and many other companies. Manga has greatly influenced Indonesia's original comic industry. Another popular form of manga distribution outside of Japan is through the Internet as (mostly illegal) scanlation. Manga has proved so popular that it has led to other companies such as Antarctic Press, Oni Press, Seven Seas Entertainment, TOKYOPOP and even Archie Comics to release their own manga-inspired works that apply the same artist stylings and story pacing seen in Manga. The first of these such works came in 1985 when Ben Dunn, founder of Antarctic Press, released ''Mangazine'' and ''Ninja High School''. While Antarctic Press actively refers to his works as "Amerimanga", not all of these manga-inspired works are made by Americans. Many of the artists working on Seven Seas Entertainment series such as ''Last Hope'' and ''Amazing Agent Luna'' are Filipino and TOKYOPOP has hired a variety of Asian artists to work on titles such as ''Warcraft'' and ''Princess Ai''. ==The manga style== The most popular and recognizable style of manga is very distinctive. Emphasis is often placed on line over form, and the storytelling and panel placement differ from those in Western comics. Panels and pages are typically read from right to left, consistent with traditional Japanese language#Writing_system. While the art can be incredibly realistic or cartoonish, it is often noted that the characters look "Western", or have large eyes. Large eyes have become a permanent fixture in manga and anime since the 1960s when Osamu Tezuka, creator of ''Astro Boy'' and considered the father of modern manga, started drawing them that way, mimicking the style of The Walt Disney Company cartoons from the United States. Being a very diverse artform, however, not all manga artists adhere to the conventions most popularized in the west through anime such as ''Akira (manga)'', ''Sailor Moon'', ''Dragon Ball Z'' and ''Ranma 1/2''. A fair number of manga artists don't feel that their stories and characters are set in stone. So a set of characters may build relationships, jobs, etc. in one set of stories ("story arc") only to have another story arc run where the same characters do not know each other. The ''Tenchi Muyo!'' series in particular is known for this; there are more than thirteen different pretty-much unrelated story arcs based around Tenchi and his friends. ==International Influence== [[Image:Cover_demo2.jpg|thumb|right|''Demo'' by Brian Wood (story) and Becky Cloonan (art) is an example of an American comic that is influenced by manga]] Manga has long had an influence on international comics and animation the world over. American alternative comics artists such as Frank Miller and Scott McCloud were somewhat influenced by manga in a few of their works. Other artists such as Americans Brian Wood and Becky Cloonan (''Demo'') and Canadian Bryan Lee O'Malley (''Lost At Sea'') are heavily influenced by the mainstream manga style and have received acclaim for their work outside of anime/manga fan circles. These artists have many other influences that make their work more palatable to non-manga readers. These artists have their roots in the anime/manga subculture of their particular regions. American artist Paul Pope worked in Japan for Kodansha on the manga anthology ''Afternoon (magazine)''. Before he was fired (due to an editorial change at Kodansha) he was developing many ideas for the anthology that he would later publish in the US as ''Heavy Liquid (comic)''. As a result his work features a strong influence from manga without influences from international otaku culture. In France there is a La nouvelle manga movement started by Fr�d�ric Boilet which seeks to combine mature sophisticated daily life manga with the artistic style of traditional Franco-Belgian comics. While the movement also involves Japanese artists, a handful of French cartoonists other than Boilet have decided to embrace its ideal. In addition, there are thousands and thousands of amateur artists who are influenced exclusively by the manga style. Many of these have their own small publishing houses, and some webcomic and webmanga in this style have become very popular (see ''Megatokyo''). For the most part, these artists are not yet recognized outside of the anime and manga fan community, however. Many people outside of those circles view those works as being too focused on the American anime subculture, and not focused enough on telling stories that resonate with a wider audience. As manga's popularity grows and the manga market continues to expand, it may still be difficult for these cartoonists to break out of fan circles, because of their lack of exposure to a broader view of comics beyond mainstream manga. ==Off the main path== Some manga artists will produce extra, sometimes unrelated material, which are known as ''omake'' (lit. "bonus" or "extra"). They might also publish their unfinished drawings or sketches, known as ''oekaki'' (lit. "sketches"). Unofficial fan made comics are called ''dojinshi''. Some dōjinshi continue with a series' story or write an entirely new one using its characters, much like fan fiction. In addition other dōjinshi is produced by small amateur publishers outside of the mainstream commercial market in a similar fashion to small press independently published comic books in the United States. Comiket, the largest comic book convention in the world with over 400,000 gathering in 3 days, is devoted to dōjinshi. == Types of manga == Many of these genres apply equally well to anime and Japanese computer game. === By target audience === *''Josei'' (or ''redikomi'') women *''Kodomo'' children *''Seinen'' men *''shojo'' teenage girls *''shonen'' teenage boys === Genres === *alternative manga (See also: Garo) **Amerimanga (English-language manga artistic movement) **Gekiga (dramatic pictures) **La nouvelle manga (Franco-Belgian/Japanese artistic movement) **semi-alternative manga (popular publication individualistic style) *Battling companion (not an official name) *Magical girl (''mahō shōjo'') *Mecha (giant robots) *Mo� (also ''mahō kanojo'' or magical girlfriend) *shojo-ai (lesbian romance) *shonen-ai (gay romance) === Popular shonen Manga Series === *''Bleach'' (Action/Horror/Supernatural) *''Fullmetal Alchemist'' (Fantasy/Action) *''InuYasha'' (Action/Fantasy/Romance) *''Love Hina'' (Comedy/Romance) *''Naruto (manga)'' (Fantasy/Ninja) *''One Piece'' (Fantasy/Pirate) *''Rurouni Kenshin'' (Samurai Epic) *''Tenchi Muyo!'' (Sci-Fi/Comedy) === Popular shojo Manga Series === *''Ceres, Celestial Legend'' (''Ayashi no Ceres'') (Paranormal/Romance) *''Boys Over Flowers'' (''Hana Yori Dango'') (Drama/Romance) *''Fruits Basket'' (Comedy/Romance/Paranormal) *''Hana-Kimi'' (''Hanazakari no Kimi-tachi e'') (Comedy/Romance/Drama) *''Kare Kano'' (''His and Her Circumstances'' a.k.a. ''Kareshi Kanojo no Jijō'') (Comedy/Romance/Drama) *''Marmalade Boy'' (Comedy/Romance/Drama) *''Please Save My Earth'' (Sci-fi/Drama) *''Revolutionary Girl Utena'' (Action/Drama) === Popular Seinen Manga Series === *''3x3 Eyes'' (Mythology/Comedy/Horror) *''Akira'' (Sci-Fi) *''Angel Densetsu'' (Drama) *''Berserk'' (Medieval/Fantasy) *''Blade of the Immortal'' (Samurai Drama) *''Ghost in the Shell'' (Sci-Fi) *''Great Teacher Onizuka'' (Comedy/Drama) *''MONSTER'' (Horror/Drama) ==Distributors of manga== === Major Japanese distributors === *Akita Publishing *Chuokoron Shinsha *Hakusensha *Kadokawa Shoten *Hayakawa Publishing *Kodansha *Shinshokan *Shodensha *Shogakukan *Shonen Gahosha *Shueisha === Major English language distributors === *ADV Manga *CMX (comics) (an imprint of American comic book company DC Comics) *CPM Manga *Dark Horse Comics *Del Rey Manga *DrMaster *TOKYOPOP *VIZ Media (formerly Viz, LLC) === Other English-language distributors === *Blast Books *Broccoli Books *Chuang Yi *ComicsOne (defunct) *DH Publishing *Digital Manga Publishing *eigoMANGA *Kodansha (Once published bilingual editions of manga) *Ponent Mon/Fanfare *Raijin Comics (hiatus) *Seven Seas Entertainment *Studio Ironcat (defunct) *Vertical Publishing ===Major Chinese language distributors=== *Daran Books (Taiwan) *Tong Li (Taiwan) *Sharp Poing Publishing (Taiwan) *King Comics (Hong Kong) ===Major French language distributors=== [[Image:Kaikisen.jpg|thumb|right|200px|French Edition of Satoshi Kon's manga ''Kaikisen''. One of many manga published in France that is not available in English.]] *Asuka (publisher) *Casterman *Delcourt *G�n�ration comics *Gl�nat (publisher) *J'ai lu *Kana (publisher) *Kabuto (publisher) *Pika �dition *Tonkam *V�g�tal Manga ===Major German language distributors=== *Carlsen-Verlag *Egmont Manga & Anime *Planet Manga *TOKYOPOP ===Major Indonesian language distributors=== *Elex Media Komputindo *m&c Comics *Pentamedia *Acolyte ===Major Spanish language distributors=== *Gl�nat (publisher) *Planeta DeAgostini ===Major Italian language distributors=== *d/world *Dynit *Flashbook *Hazard Edizioni *Star Comics *PlayPress *Planet Manga (part of Panini Comics) ===Major Polish-language distributors=== *[http://www.jpf.com.pl JPF] *[http://www.waneko.pl Waneko] ==List of manga magazines== See: List of manga magazines == Language notes== Because nouns in Japanese language don't change based on pluralization, ''manga'' is the form for both plural and singular. ''Mangaka'' (漫画家) is the corresponding Japanese language word for a manga author/artist. Manga is different from manhua and manhwa, China and Korea comic books, respectively. The similarity in pronunciation of the three terms is due to the fact that all three languages use the same Chinese characters to write the word, but pronounce them differently. ==See also== For an extensive list of Japanese manga and Webmanga, see List of manga, List of manga by Japanese title, and List of dojinshi (manga). For a list of Manga artists (or Japanese Cartoonists), see Mangaka. For an international list of manga magazines see List of manga magazines. For a list of pornographic manga, see List of H manga, and List of H doujinshi (manga). ''See also:'' List of anime games. *Dojinshi *Anime game *Anime *Dorama *Manhwa, the Korea equivalent of manga *Gashapon *Weekly Shonen Jump ==References== *Schodt, Frederik L. ''Dreamland Japan: Writings on Modern Manga''. Berkeley, Calif.: Stone Bridge Press, 1996. ISBN 188065623X. *Schodt, Frederik L. ''Manga! Manga!: The World of Japanese Comics''. New York: Kodansha International, 1983. ISBN 870117521, ISBN 4770023057. ==External links== *[http://users.skynet.be/mangaguide/ PRISMS: The Ultimate Manga Guide] - A site for the FAQs for the newsgroup [http://groups-beta.google.com/group/rec.arts.manga rec.arts.manga] *[http://www.howtodrawmanga.com/ How to draw manga] - For the most mainstream style *[http://www.manganews.net/ Manganews.net] - Contains a large database of manga titles with useful descriptions, and also lists recently scanlation manga *[http://www.mangareviewer.com Manga Reviewer] Manga reviews, previews, and manga-ka bios *[http://www.animeinfo.org/animeu/hist102.html Anime University - History of Manga] History of Manga article from AnimeInfo. *[http://www.animangaweb.com AniMangaWeb] - Contains a lot of information abaut manga, anime, rol and events, spanish page *[http://www.mangalife.com MangaLife] - Manga reviews, news, information and features Manga Japanese terms Japanese culture Japanese art Comic books Comics Art history simple:Manga th:การ์ตูนญี่ปุ่น

Manga

65.82.160.xxx changed the first sentence to the following: :Manga (漫画) is the United States equivalent of screensavers. OK, I don't know much about :Manga and :Anime, but I have no clue what you're trying to say here. I've changed it back. --User:Carey Evans ***I detect it as a joke - are computer screen-savers 'irresponsible pictures?' ---- FIRST, are the Azumanga scanlations OK to link? I express some concern considering the questionable legitimacy of fansubs/scanlations. I know that scanlations are generally accepted as legitimate until a company announces that they've acquired the rights, but never the less, it might be unacceptable for Wikipedia to link to such material of questionable legality (it's certainly illegal in Japan, where the comics are copyrighted). SECOND, what consists of an online manga (instead of a web comic)? Clearly [http://www.gpf-comics.com General Protection Fault] is not an online manga, and clearly Megatokyo is. Other currently unlinked manga such as [http://tsunamichan.keenspace.com Tsunami Channel] and [http://www.fluffy-bunnies.com/elderstar ElderStar] are probably under the category of online manga (particularly the former, which I will probably link in the upcoming days), but what about such comics as [http://strangecandy.keenspace.com Strange Candy] and [http://www.montroseacademy.com Sparkling Generation Valkyrie Yuuki]? Clearly there needs to be a standard set as to what is an online manga and what is not? Obviously the online manga must almost certainly not be in a strip format, but what about content or material inside the webcomic/online manga? What about such comics as [http://weirdism.keenspace.com Weirdism] or [http://somethingpositive.net Something Positive] (warning, the latter is not for the easily offended) that aren't in a strip format, but might not be online manga? (Note to the unobservant: all links, excepting Megatokyo, link to the site of the comic, as they don't have wikipedia entries, and it would be beneficial for other authors to see the comics to make their own decisions on the matter.) User:Pipian 06:07 28 May 2003 (UTC) ---- What about [http://www.sinfest.net Sinfest]? User:Lduperval 13:19 4 Jun 2003 (UTC) ---- Ideally it would be better to set some sort of standard instead of going right out and saying "This is online manga" and "This is not." I mean, my personal opinion is that Sinfest is one of those that is clearly NOT an online manga, and is rather a webcomic, but it would be nice to agree on a "standard" for what comic would be an online manga and what would not be, so we don't get people putting, for example, Sinfest on this page, when other people disagree on that classification. User:Pipian 14:59 4 Jun 2003 (UTC) :A view held by some manga fans is that comics that are not published in Japan and aren't produced by Japanese creators shouldn't be called "manga" - by that measure, the most that could be said about comics by western cartoonists, such as most of the webcomics linked from the article, is that they're manga-styled. I think this rule works quite well. I see only two edge cases: 1. comics by Japanese who live in a western country, such as Usagi Yojimbo, whose creator is Japanese-American and lives in USA. 2. comics by western creators which are first published in Japan. I think the label manga applies only to comics originally created for a Japanese audience, so only the latter should be called manga. User:Adia 19:41, 2003 Aug 10 (UTC) ::This of course raises the curious case of Tsunami Channel. The artist is Japanese, lives and makes the comics in Japan, but started them while in college in the US, and he targets the American audience instead of the Japanese audience... User:Pipian 04:29, 12 Aug 2003 (UTC) :I disagree -- we don't need a "standard" if there isn't one that most people already agree on. It would be better to note that such-and-such is ''sometimes'' considered a manga, or better yet, that the definition of "manga" as applies to non-Japanese comics isn't fully agreed on. I imagine there are people who wouldn't call Megatokyo a manga simply because it's not made in Japan in Japanese language by mangaka for Japanese people. --User:Aponar Kestrel 21:00, 2004 Aug 8 (UTC) ---- HELP HELP HELP! The use of the word ''manga'' seems totally crazy in this article and others. I've seen it used as: #A substance noun -- ''Manga is important to Japanese society.'' #An adjective or noun modifier -- ''manga magazine'', ''manga book'', ''manga artist''. #A discrete noun in singular -- ''His most famous manga is...'' #A discrete noun in plural -- ''She is the author of many manga.'' Does ''manga'' mean the medium at large (like the word ''music''), which the first two usages suggest? Or the individual product (like ''poem''), as the second two do? Or both (like ''film'' or ''sculpture'' or ''painting'')? And if it does apply to the individual product -- ''I'm reading a manga'', ''She's written many manga'' -- is it really anglicized to have the plural and singular of the noun be the same? Lastly, is it enough of an anglicized term that it doesn't need italics, like ''pi�ce de r�sistance''? Thanks, -- User:EvanProdromou 14:00 19 Jul 2003 (UTC) :Can't say for sure what the exact definition is and how it can be used, but I've only thought of it as a noun, so the modifiers come into question, particularly "manga book" which I would rephrase (probably) as the Japanese term ''tankouban'' (though this would require explanation as the term for the style in which Japanese books are published in general. As for the other three, manga is regularly used in those ways (AFAIK). The word ''manga'' is derived from Japanese as well, so there is no plural form (both plural and singular are manga, likewise with anime). :As for how much of an anglicized term it is, I would hesitate on calling it a common word. People in manga fandom often use it, but outside of the subsection of anime fandom that collect the comic books, very few people know of it, so I don't believe it's that common. -- User:Pipian 16:31 19 Jul 2003 (UTC) ::For the record: ''tankoubon'' (単行本). --User:Aponar Kestrel 21:00, 2004 Aug 8 (UTC) :: Consider the word "sheep". Sheep farm. My sheep. I own many sheep. Nonetheless, I mostly agree with Pipian - manga isn't really something that has really captured the attention of the community at large. Not even anime is quite there yet. After all, English already has equivalent terms which don't have any real problems - comics and cartoons. The usage of manga/anime is really something that fans/companies try to utilise to distinguish works of a distinctly non-western style that generally come from Japan. User:Lenny-au :::It is often used like the noun "beer". Like other nouns like "water" and "gold", it is an amount which cannot be divided into smaller parts and cannot be counted. However, you can treat it like a countable noun anyway, and add a different meaning. "Two beer" mean something like "Two glasses of beer", and "a tasty beer" means something like "a tasty beer sort". Similarily, "manga" generally means the medium at large (''Manga is important to Japanese society.''), but you may also use it to refer to an induvidual product (''I'm reading a manga'' as in ''I'm reading a manga book''). ::::I'm sorry, no. ''*Two beer'' is wrong in English, and doesn't occur; ''Two beers'' usually means ''Two glasses/bottles of beer'' but may mean ''Two types of beer''. Likewise, ''A tasty beer'' may refer either to the type or an individual instantiation thereof -- distinguishing between these probably isn't usually necessary. Likewise, ''??I'm reading a manga book'' sounds redundant to the point of incorrectness: I'd just say ''I'm reading a manga'' -- whether I mean ''I'm reading a [specific] manga I borrowed from my friend'' or ''I'm reading a manga [series] by Tanaka Fuyumi''. As typically used in English, ''manga'' is both mass noun and countable noun, singular and plural. --User:Aponar Kestrel 21:00, 2004 Aug 8 (UTC) ::::: And it is the same in pluralis, because it follows japanese grammar which generally has no plurals of nouns. (Using sentences like "some x", "a-couple-of x", "different x" etc to denote plurals) :::::: Yes, this is correct. "Manga" and "Anime" are both words that are used in English the same way they are used in Japanese. That is to say that all of their forms are the same word and plurality is inferred by context like in the examples above. Personally, I think this is great because it cuts down on having to have a bunch of special pluralized-forms of words and so forth, but that's just my opinion. --User:Xaliqen 09:52, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC) ---- Well, the word 'manga' is used in Japanese to refer both to the art style and to individual instances of it. In fact, much like comics: ''Peanuts'' is a comic, and comics are said to have had a golden age around the end of WWII. As for the singular and plural forms being identical, that's a feature of the Japanese_language that nouns do not inflect for number, so the plural of manga is, properly, manga. -- User:Wtrmute 20:24, 21 Aug 2003 (UTC) That's not a feature; it's a flaw. User:Lysdexia 13:34, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC) :Linguistically, I guess it's a feature... =S Question of definition, anyway... ---- The list of manga-ka is sorted alphabetically by given name, not family name; is there a reason for this? -- User:Khym Chanur 08:40, Jan 1, 2004 (UTC) :Since there's been no response, I've gone ahead and re-sorted the manga-ka list by family name. -- User:Khym Chanur 05:18, Jan 4, 2004 (UTC) ---- Not everyone pronounces "manga" the same. I made a lil' alteration. - Drake :That doesn't make it correct, however... User:RadicalBender 14:14, 5 Feb 2004 (UTC) :: The pronunciation parts of this entry aren't even relevant to an Encyclopedia guide on "manga". Furthermore, the SAMPA spelling should provide sufficient pronunciation information if it is needed. Finally, once a word is imported into English, correct pronunciation becomes almost irrelevant. Please note the wide variety of "native speaker" accents around the world - not just USA/England, but India, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, and several other countries have distinct accents that are NOT wrong. At any rate, this entry shouldn't devote whole sentences to discussing the "correct" pronunciation of its headword. Very few, if any, other entries do so. User:Lenny-au ::: ... besides, the SAMPA's arguably wrong anyway. It's actually closer to /maNNa/ in Japanese (or is that just Tokyo-ben?) -- even though most Westerners, myself included, say /maNga/ in English. Removing, on the theory that people are going to mangle words however they please anyway (cf. ''karaoke''). --User:Aponar Kestrel 21:00, 2004 Aug 8 (UTC) :Vowels should be preserved, pitch, however, not so much. User:Lysdexia 13:34, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC) ---- "In the 19th century a great many examples of Manga were brought to Europe and influenced popular European artists such as Degas, Gauguin, Van Gogh and Toulouse-Lautrec." :I was under the impression that manga in the modern sense got started in the 1960s with Osamu Tezuka, influenced by Western art like Disney's. If this is talking about the old "random pictures" definition mentioned earlier in the article then this sentence needs to be moved closer to it or qualified somehow, rather than after a paragraph on modern manga with no explanation. User:DopefishJustin ::It was not "manga" (I suppose you mean the work Hokusai Manga by Katsushika Hokusai) that influenced them, but ukiyo-e. Katsushika Hokusai was one of the artists that became most influential and well-known, but not for the work Hokusai Manga but rather for all his woodblock-prints (ukiyo-e). Van Gogh even copied a famous work by the ukiyo-e artist Utagawa Hiroshige in a tribute painting, adding big japanese characters (for extra exotic feel?). :::I figured it was something like that...would you mind editing the article to reflect this, since you seem to know about it? (And for the record it's not "me" who means it, but whoever put that sentence there in the first place) User:DopefishJustin 00:53, Apr 15, 2004 (UTC) ::::The best thing would be to just erase the comment alltogether since it really has nothing to do with manga, but rather ukiyo-e (and I think it is already on that page). But I'm not familiar with this kind of pages, is it really ok to just edit myself? :::::I erased it. For the record, it is OK to edit yourself, that's the whole point of Wikipedia. :) User:DopefishJustin 23:31, Apr 16, 2004 (UTC) ::It is difficult to talk about "manga in its modern form" because there are different types of manga with different history. 4-panel manga started appearing in the beginning of the century, influenced by the american newspaper strips of the time, and have changed little since. Modern story manga, on the other hand, has evolved slower. Story manga started to appear in the thirties, but the thing usually mentioned as the birth of modern story manga was Tezuka Osamu's "Shin-Takarajima" 1947. Tezuka was inspired by films (especially european silent films and american cartoons) and used "camera angles", zooming, several panels to depict a single movement, and so on. The readers were amazed and felt as though they were watching a movie. But that was a long time ago, and story manga has evolved and diversified a lot since then. ---- I have added a line about the custom of grading manga magazines by the school year corresponding to the kanji rading level. I believe that was the case some 20 years ago, but I don't know whether the custom is still current. Can anyone confirm or deny? Thanks... User:Jorge Stolfi 01:03, 11 Apr 2004 (UTC) ---- There are many copyedit mistakes. Also, as said before, the use of the word "manga" is very confusing. Is the plural "manga" or "mangas?" User:RoseParks 16:43, 11 Apr 2004 (UTC) :It is often used like the noun "beer". Like other nouns like "water" and "gold", it is an amount which cannot be divided into smaller parts and cannot be counted. However, you ''can'' treat it like a countable noun ''anyway'', if you use it with a different meaning. "Two beers" means something like "Two ''glasses/bottles/cans of beer''", and "a tasty beer" means something like "a tasty ''beer sort''". Because of this there are two plural forms for "beer", with a semantic difference: "a lot of ''beer''" (a large volume of beer), "a lot of ''beers''" (a large number of glasses/bottles/cans of beer). Similarily, "manga" generally means the medium at large ("Manga is important to Japanese society."), but you may also use it to refer to an induvidual product ("I'm reading a manga" as in "I'm reading a ''manga book''"). ::... why is this paragraph in here twice? (See above rebuttal.) --User:Aponar Kestrel 21:00, 2004 Aug 8 (UTC) ---- I've made a suggestion on Talk:Anime to change kana spellings for long vowels (shoujo, doujinshi, bishounen, etc) to match the Wikipedia:Manual of Style for Japan-related articles, which recommends short vowels in titles and macrons in content (shōjo, dōjinshi, bishōnen, etc). Please contribute your opinions there. User:Jpatokal 06:43, 12 Apr 2004 (UTC) ---- I can see potential confusion with Manga Entertainment, but do we really need to link to La Manga at the top (Wikipedia:Disambiguation#When_to_disambiguate)? Is anyone really going to link to Manga instead of La Manga? A quick Google search for manga Spain has "La" there every time. I don't know enough about Spain to know if people commonly leave the article off, so I haven't removed it, but it seems like a stretch to me. User:DopefishJustin User talk:DopefishJustin 17:30, May 24, 2004 (UTC) :In general the article is not firmly attached to the noun, and many nouns that can take the article are entered without it. Someone who does not know what "La Manga" means will probably not know that the "La" is part of the name, and may look up Manga instead. So I think that the link (which was not my idea BTW) is more helpful than harmful. On the other hand, the article does not even exist yet...
User:Jorge Stolfi 22:47, 24 May 2004 (UTC) ---- To the anon who keeps taking out entries under "genre", stop it. I don't know what your beef is with not having those in there (especially since, 1. there are existing articles on those subjects and 2. there are absolutely plenty of shonen-ai and shoujo-ai titles out there). Perhaps you object to them being called "genres" - I don't know, but you haven't given any reasons other than just insulting people, so either quit it or explain why you keep changing things. Secondly, hentai is the common usage in English for the pornographic anime or manga (or however you want to define it). Whether or not it's completely accurate re: the original Japanese doesn't change its usage in the English-speaking realm. If you have a problem with that, you'll have to take it up with the American (and non-Japanese world) fanbase and the anime distributors that use the term, etc., not me and not Wikipedia. Finally, rather that get into a big snit about every little thing you find wrong (which is almost completely the [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Special:Contributions&target=192.169.41.33 bulk] of your contributions, try being Wikipedia:Civility. Frankly, I don't care what your opinions are, but you will be civil about it. User:RadicalBenderUser talk:RadicalBender 17:56, 26 May 2004 (UTC) :His attitude may need work, but his points are basically valid. I've reworked the "types" section to separate out the pr0n categories (which aren't really "genres") without turfing useful content, and make the use of terminology more clear. User:DopefishJustin User talk:DopefishJustin 05:10, May 28, 2004 (UTC) ---- Perhaps the words hentai and ecchi are NPOV in English, but in Japanese this genre is often referred as ''seinen manga'' (成年漫画, not to be confused with the homophone 青年漫画: young men's comics) or simply ''adaruto manga'' (アダルト漫画, from the English "adult"). This may not be relevant to the English page if hentai and/or ecchi are the accepted terms in English ... but still, be warned that if you go into a Japanese bookstore and ask for hentai manga you will likely cause the storeclerk to either blush or laugh profusely! User:CES 06:58, 17 Jun 2004 (UTC) == Predicting the future... == I wonder if this sentence (in the last paragraph of International Influence) borders on peering into the crystal ball and is out of Wikipedia's realm: :''As manga's popularity grows and the manga market continues to expand, it may still be difficult for these cartoonists to break out of fan circles, because of their lack of exposure to a broader view of comics beyond mainstream manga.'' I didn't want to take it out without consulting the folks who've invested lots of time into this article. User:Cluth 01:19, May 5, 2005 (UTC) == Better pictures? == All the pictures in this article are covers of manga collections. Seems to me like the actual comics inside would be a better illustration. Sadly, I have no scanner, or I would do it myself. User:DenisMoskowitz 02:48, 2005 Jun 23 (UTC)

Manga

See other meanings of words starting from letter:

M

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Words begining with Manga:

Manga
Manga
Manga
Manga-ka
Manga-stub
Mangaabe-Mbula_language
Mangabey
Mangabey
Mangahao_River
Mangaia
Mangaia_Island
Mangajin
Mangaka
Mangaka
Mangakino
Mangal
Mangala
Mangalagiri
Mangalam
Mangalampalli_BalaMuraliKrishna
Mangalampalli_Balamuralikrishna
Mangalampalli_Balamurali_Krishna
Mangalam_Weekly
Mangalarga
Mangaldai
Mangaldan
Mangaldan,_Pangasinan
Mangaldan,_Pangasinan
Mangalia
Mangalore
Mangalore
Mangalshen
Mangalshen
Mangal_Pande
Mangal_Pandey
Mangal_Pandey
Mangan
Manganate
Manganese
Manganese
Manganese
Manganese(II)_chloride
Manganese(IV)_fluoride
Manganese(IV)_oxide
Manganese/Temp
Manganese_(IV)_oxide
Manganese_Bronze
Manganese_compounds
Manganese_deficiency
Manganese_dioxide
Manganese_nodule
Manganese_nodules
Manganese_ore
Manganese_oxide
Manganese_tetrafluoride
Manganism
Manganite
Mangapp's_Farm_Railway_Museum
Mangapps_Farm_Railway_Museum
Mangapps_Railway_Museum
Mangapurua_Valley
Mangar-kunjer-kunja
Mangareva
Mangarevan_language
Mangaroa
Mangarti
Mangatarem,_Pangasinan
Mangateparu
Mangateparu
Mangaung
Mangazeya
Manga_(disambiguation)
Manga_and_anime_characters
Manga_artist
Manga_artists
Manga_cafe
Manga_caf�
Manga_Darkchylde
Manga_distributors
Manga_Entertainment
Manga_Khan
Manga_kisa
Manga_kissa
Manga_magazine
Manga_magazines