
Mandaeanism is a pre-Christianity religion which has been classified by scholars as Gnosticism. Since the 1st century AD the Mandaeans have mainly lived in the borderland areas of Iraq and Iran. Many have fled the region since the 1990s due to the unstable political climate and have immigrated worldwide. There is no official census of the Mandaeans; conservative guesses at current population size have been made in the range of 50,000 to 70,000. In reference to their connection to the Qur'an as the Sabians, Mandaeans are called Subi by their Muslim neighbors. The Mandaeans have also been called the "Christians of St. John" (a misnomer, since they are not Christians) based on a comment made by Portuguese monks in the 16th century. The Mandaeans may also be the same "Nasoraeans" indicated in the works of Epiphanius. The Mandaeans have remained separate and intensely private- what has been reported of them has come from outsiders. The Mandaeans are labeled as gnostics due to the Mandaic language word ''manda'', which can be translated into knowledge, the same word as "gnosis" in Greek language. Thus Mandaeanism can be seen as a "Gnostic" religion. It is the only remaining Gnostic religion excluding revivals like the Manichaean Orthodox Church [http://essenes.net] still in practice. Part of the Mandaean ritual dress, called a ''Rasta_(garment)'', includes a white turban symbolizing the great mystery of radiance, light and glory. ==Mandaean beliefs== The Mandaean religion has a more strict dualism nature than most Gnosticism. Instead of a large pleroma, for the Mandaeans there exists a clearer division between ''light'' and ''darkness''. The ruler of darkness is called ''Ptahil'' (similar to the Gnostic Demiurge), and the originator of the light (i.e. God) is only known as "the great first Life from the worlds of light, the sublime one that stands above all works". When this being emanationism, other spiritual beings became increasingly corrupted, and they and their ruler Ptahil created our world. Mandaeans believe that Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad were false prophets; instead they acknowledge John the Baptist, whom they see as one of their greatest teachers. There is some confusion that the Mandaeans came after John the Baptist, while in fact they existed before him; according to Mandaean dogma, Mandaeanism was the original religion of Adam. In the Mandaean library of scriptures there is a book of John called ''Sidra d Yahia'', which includes a dialogue between John and Jesus. They also have a hierarchical clergy, practice frequent baptism, and hold public worship on Sundays. They deplore fasting and monasticism, and believe in peace above all. There are many Mandaean scriptures, the most important being the ''Ginza Rba,'' a collection of history, theology, and prayers. On the Internet, the ''Ginza Rba'' is often confused with the ''Qolusta'', which was translated by E.S. Drower in her book titled "The Canonical Prayerbook of the Mandaeans". The language used is called Mandaic, a language closely related to Aramaic language. ==Influences== According to the ''Fihrist'' of ibn al-Nadim, Mani (prophet), the founder of Manichaeism, was brought up within the Elkasite (Elchasaite) sect. The Elchasaites were a Christian baptismal sect which were likely related to the Mandaeans. The members of this sect, like the Mandaeans, wore white and performed baptisms. They dwelled in East Palestine and Northern Mesopotamia, from where the Mandaeans came to Southern Mesopotamia according the Harran Gawaitha legend. Mani later left the Elkasaites to found his own religion. In a remarkable comparative analysis, Mandaean scholar Säve-Söderberg demonstrated that the Mani's ''Psalms of Thomas'' were closely related to Mandaean texts. Mani must have had access to Mandaean religious literature. This leads to the question of just how close the origins of the Elchasaites, Mani, and the Mandaeans are to one other. ==See also== * Jerusalem#In Mandaeanism ==External links== *[http://www.mandaeans.org/ Mandaeans.org] - Majority of the information is in Arabic. Nice site from the United Kingdom. *[http://www.mandaeanworld.com Mandaean World]- Information on the Mandaeans including history, the Mandaic language and Literature *[http://www.gnosis.org/library/mand.htm Mandaean scriptures]: ''Ginza Rba'' and ''Haran Gawaitha'' texts and fragments -- Take note the book titled Ginza Rba is not the Ginza Rba but is instead "The Canonical Prayerbook of the Mandaeans" as translated by E.S Drower. *[http://www.essene.com/B%27nai-Amen/vjohnIndex.htm Mandaean Book of John the Baptizer]: This material is taken from G.R.S Mead's book called ''The Mandaean Book of John the Baptizer''. *[http://www.farvardyn.com/mandaean.htm Extracts from E. S. Drower, ''Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran,'' Leiden, 1962] Gnosticism Abrahamic religions
I think that the "rasta" word, meaning the clothing has nothing to do to what it links, namely, the Rastafari religion (since this "rasta" comes from "Haile Selassie ", the last Emperor of Ethiopia). I have thus made it link to "Rasta_(garment)" User:Nihil ---------------------- I'm puzzled by the ''pre-Christian'' thing. According to the article, Mandaeans have been around since the 1st century AD, which at best gives them a couple decade lead on Christainity. Furthermore, the only historical sources cited are Christian and Islamic. And St. John is a central figure. Is there anything whatsoever to support the pre-Christian thing? Might not "originated at the same period as early Christianity" or something similar be more accurate? User:Bacchiad -------- Question: Mandaeaism (the religion) is different than Mandaeans (the people) . Which data you want on this page? Both? ---------------- If you prefer, you can make a separate article for Mandaean or Mandaeans. I'd certainly like to read one! - User:Mustafaa 07:00, 23 Jun 2004 (UTC) ---------------------- Perhaps I did not make myself clear in the question. Was this entry titled Mandaeanism intended to cover both the religion and the culture of the Mandaean people. Mandaeanism is more the theology, sacred literature, comparative analysis and rituals. Whereas the word Mandaean indicates the culture that would include for example demographics, history, or language. A Mandaean practices the religion of Mandaeainsm not vice versa If I know what is intended, I can offer more details. usamandaean (mandaeanworld.com) --------------------- This is an obscure area, regarding which we have little expertise. Any help from you is appreciated. If there is to be one article, it should focus on both the people ''and'' religion, I presume. If there are to be two articles (which means a bit more work of course ;) than one could be for the people, and the other for the religion. In that case Mandaeanism would be for the religion, and Mandaean or Mandaeans would be for the people (I assume, other opinions are welcome). Of course we would love a dozen other related pages, but only if someone writes them. We can't ask more from you than you will give, this being volunteer work, a charity for the public good. You will do what you will do, and we will be grateful (hopefully ;). My preferences are both for quantity and quality, but I understand that all human endeavors tend toward finite results. One thing that would be nice is that if you find more to be done than suits your time or interest, you might refer other knowledgeable persons. The more the better of course! I know almost nothing of this subject, and am here rather to read and to learn :) Thanks again, User:Sam Spade http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=User_talk:Sam_Spade&action=edit§ion=new Spade 18:18, 23 Jun 2004 (UTC) == Sloppy == There are sections of this article that include dialogue between wikipedians. (!?) I hardly think that this sort of think ought to be included in an encyclopedic reference...just imagine if a user saw it and thought it applied to her! ("This encyclopedia is so bad it's directly questioning me!" or "I'll ask the questions here!") I studied near-eastern late antiquity for four years in undergraduate work; I also spent a year studying it in divinity school. I'd like to do some work on this article, and it will probably be bold. If you think there are particular POVs or sources you'd like me to include, please let me know; I would like to beef up the history and current practice of the Mandaean religion. I'd also like to settle the question of whether or not wikipedia will consider the Mandaeans an ethnic or separate cultural group, as, for example, the Druze of Israel and Libnan. Perhaps the best approach would be to include perspectives on the ethnicity of Mandaeans from within and without the community, and perceptions of the Mandaeans along with some difficulties with persecution and intolerance. User:Sandbody 19:00, 28 Mar 2005 (UTC) :Good remarks, and we are eagerly waiting for your edits! User:Nixdorf 06:48, 2005 Mar 29 (UTC) :: Being bold on obviously suffering articles is a very good thing. Go for it. - User:Mustafaa 23:49, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC) Wilco, all. Obviously, work takes precedence, along with finishing up my ketorolac, but I should have some references by the end of the week. Incidentally, we really should have some pictures...this community baptizes everything. I think it would be a unique addition to WP! User:Sandbody 16:16, 30 Mar 2005 (UTC)
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Mandaeanism is a pre-Christianity religion which has been classified by scholars as Gnosticism. Since the 1st century AD the Mandaeans have mainly lived in the borderland areas of Iraq and Iran. Many have fled the region since the 1990s due to the unstable political climate and have immigrated worldwide. There is no official census of the Mandaeans; conservative guesses at current population size have been made in the range of 50,000 to 70,000. In reference to their connection to the Qur'an as the Sabians, Mandaeans are called Subi by their Muslim neighbors. The Mandaeans have also been called the "Christians of St. John" (a misnomer, since they are not Christians) based on a comment made by Portuguese monks in the 16th century. The Mandaeans may also be the same "Nasoraeans" indicated in the works of Epiphanius. The Mandaeans have remained separate and intensely private- what has been reported of them has come from outsiders. The Mandaeans are labeled as gnostics due to the Mandaic language word ''manda'', which can be translated into knowledge, the same word as "gnosis" in Greek language. Thus Mandaeanism can be seen as a "Gnostic" religion. It is the only remaining Gnostic religion excluding revivals like the Manichaean Orthodox Church [http://essenes.net] still in practice. Part of the Mandaean ritual dress, called a ''Rasta_(garment)'', includes a white turban symbolizing the great mystery of radiance, light and glory. ==Mandaean beliefs== The Mandaean religion has a more strict dualism nature than most Gnosticism. Instead of a large pleroma, for the Mandaeans there exists a clearer division between ''light'' and ''darkness''. The ruler of darkness is called ''Ptahil'' (similar to the Gnostic Demiurge), and the originator of the light (i.e. God) is only known as "the great first Life from the worlds of light, the sublime one that stands above all works". When this being emanationism, other spiritual beings became increasingly corrupted, and they and their ruler Ptahil created our world. Mandaeans believe that Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad were false prophets; instead they acknowledge John the Baptist, whom they see as one of their greatest teachers. There is some confusion that the Mandaeans came after John the Baptist, while in fact they existed before him; according to Mandaean dogma, Mandaeanism was the original religion of Adam. In the Mandaean library of scriptures there is a book of John called ''Sidra d Yahia'', which includes a dialogue between John and Jesus. They also have a hierarchical clergy, practice frequent baptism, and hold public worship on Sundays. They deplore fasting and monasticism, and believe in peace above all. There are many Mandaean scriptures, the most important being the ''Ginza Rba,'' a collection of history, theology, and prayers. On the Internet, the ''Ginza Rba'' is often confused with the ''Qolusta'', which was translated by E.S. Drower in her book titled "The Canonical Prayerbook of the Mandaeans". The language used is called Mandaic, a language closely related to Aramaic language. ==Influences== According to the ''Fihrist'' of ibn al-Nadim, Mani (prophet), the founder of Manichaeism, was brought up within the Elkasite (Elchasaite) sect. The Elchasaites were a Christian baptismal sect which were likely related to the Mandaeans. The members of this sect, like the Mandaeans, wore white and performed baptisms. They dwelled in East Palestine and Northern Mesopotamia, from where the Mandaeans came to Southern Mesopotamia according the Harran Gawaitha legend. Mani later left the Elkasaites to found his own religion. In a remarkable comparative analysis, Mandaean scholar Säve-Söderberg demonstrated that the Mani's ''Psalms of Thomas'' were closely related to Mandaean texts. Mani must have had access to Mandaean religious literature. This leads to the question of just how close the origins of the Elchasaites, Mani, and the Mandaeans are to one other. ==See also== * Jerusalem#In Mandaeanism ==External links== *[http://www.mandaeans.org/ Mandaeans.org] - Majority of the information is in Arabic. Nice site from the United Kingdom. *[http://www.mandaeanworld.com Mandaean World]- Information on the Mandaeans including history, the Mandaic language and Literature *[http://www.gnosis.org/library/mand.htm Mandaean scriptures]: ''Ginza Rba'' and ''Haran Gawaitha'' texts and fragments -- Take note the book titled Ginza Rba is not the Ginza Rba but is instead "The Canonical Prayerbook of the Mandaeans" as translated by E.S Drower. *[http://www.essene.com/B%27nai-Amen/vjohnIndex.htm Mandaean Book of John the Baptizer]: This material is taken from G.R.S Mead's book called ''The Mandaean Book of John the Baptizer''. *[http://www.farvardyn.com/mandaean.htm Extracts from E. S. Drower, ''Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran,'' Leiden, 1962] Gnosticism Abrahamic religions
Mandaeanism
I think that the "rasta" word, meaning the clothing has nothing to do to what it links, namely, the Rastafari religion (since this "rasta" comes from "Haile Selassie ", the last Emperor of Ethiopia). I have thus made it link to "Rasta_(garment)" User:Nihil ---------------------- I'm puzzled by the ''pre-Christian'' thing. According to the article, Mandaeans have been around since the 1st century AD, which at best gives them a couple decade lead on Christainity. Furthermore, the only historical sources cited are Christian and Islamic. And St. John is a central figure. Is there anything whatsoever to support the pre-Christian thing? Might not "originated at the same period as early Christianity" or something similar be more accurate? User:Bacchiad -------- Question: Mandaeaism (the religion) is different than Mandaeans (the people) . Which data you want on this page? Both? ---------------- If you prefer, you can make a separate article for Mandaean or Mandaeans. I'd certainly like to read one! - User:Mustafaa 07:00, 23 Jun 2004 (UTC) ---------------------- Perhaps I did not make myself clear in the question. Was this entry titled Mandaeanism intended to cover both the religion and the culture of the Mandaean people. Mandaeanism is more the theology, sacred literature, comparative analysis and rituals. Whereas the word Mandaean indicates the culture that would include for example demographics, history, or language. A Mandaean practices the religion of Mandaeainsm not vice versa If I know what is intended, I can offer more details. usamandaean (mandaeanworld.com) --------------------- This is an obscure area, regarding which we have little expertise. Any help from you is appreciated. If there is to be one article, it should focus on both the people ''and'' religion, I presume. If there are to be two articles (which means a bit more work of course ;) than one could be for the people, and the other for the religion. In that case Mandaeanism would be for the religion, and Mandaean or Mandaeans would be for the people (I assume, other opinions are welcome). Of course we would love a dozen other related pages, but only if someone writes them. We can't ask more from you than you will give, this being volunteer work, a charity for the public good. You will do what you will do, and we will be grateful (hopefully ;). My preferences are both for quantity and quality, but I understand that all human endeavors tend toward finite results. One thing that would be nice is that if you find more to be done than suits your time or interest, you might refer other knowledgeable persons. The more the better of course! I know almost nothing of this subject, and am here rather to read and to learn :) Thanks again, User:Sam Spade http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=User_talk:Sam_Spade&action=edit§ion=new Spade 18:18, 23 Jun 2004 (UTC) == Sloppy == There are sections of this article that include dialogue between wikipedians. (!?) I hardly think that this sort of think ought to be included in an encyclopedic reference...just imagine if a user saw it and thought it applied to her! ("This encyclopedia is so bad it's directly questioning me!" or "I'll ask the questions here!") I studied near-eastern late antiquity for four years in undergraduate work; I also spent a year studying it in divinity school. I'd like to do some work on this article, and it will probably be bold. If you think there are particular POVs or sources you'd like me to include, please let me know; I would like to beef up the history and current practice of the Mandaean religion. I'd also like to settle the question of whether or not wikipedia will consider the Mandaeans an ethnic or separate cultural group, as, for example, the Druze of Israel and Libnan. Perhaps the best approach would be to include perspectives on the ethnicity of Mandaeans from within and without the community, and perceptions of the Mandaeans along with some difficulties with persecution and intolerance. User:Sandbody 19:00, 28 Mar 2005 (UTC) :Good remarks, and we are eagerly waiting for your edits! User:Nixdorf 06:48, 2005 Mar 29 (UTC) :: Being bold on obviously suffering articles is a very good thing. Go for it. - User:Mustafaa 23:49, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC) Wilco, all. Obviously, work takes precedence, along with finishing up my ketorolac, but I should have some references by the end of the week. Incidentally, we really should have some pictures...this community baptizes everything. I think it would be a unique addition to WP! User:Sandbody 16:16, 30 Mar 2005 (UTC)
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