
:''This article concerns the Roman province. For the ship, see RMS Lusitania.'' [[Image:REmpire-02_Hispania_Lusitania.png|250px|thumb|Roman province of ''Lusitania'', 120 AD]]Lusitania, an ancient Ancient Rome Roman province approximately including current Portugal and part of western current Spain (specifically the present autonomous community Extremadura), named after the Lusitani or Lusitanian people. The Lusitani were strong warriors whose origins are uncertain. == Origin of the name == The etymology of ''Lusitania'', like the origin of the Lusitani, is unclear. The name may be of Celtic origin: ''Lus'' and ''Tanus'', "tribe of Lusus". others say that Lusitania means "City of light". Ancient Romans, such as Pliny the Elder (''Pliny's Natural History'', [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plin.+Nat.+3.5 3.5])and Marcus Terentius Varro (cited by Pliny), speculated that the name ''Lusitania'' was of Roman origin, as when Pliny says ''lusum enim liberi patris aut lyssam cum eo bacchantium nomen dedisse lusitaniae et pana praefectum eius universae'': that Lusitania takes its name from the ''lusus'' associated with Bacchus and the ''lyssa'' of his Bacchantes, and that Pan (mythology) is its governor. ''Lusus'' is usually translated as 'game' or 'play', while ''lyssa'' is a borrowing from the Greek language λυσσα, 'frenzy' or 'rage' (and sometimes the personification thereof). Variant translations take these as proper names: ''Lusus'' and ''Lyssa'' become flesh-and-blood companions of Bacchus. The ''Os Lusíadas'' of Luís de Camões, which portray Lusus as the founder of Lusitania, follow this translation. == Lusitanians == The Lusitani may have come from the Alps and established themselves in the region in the 6th century BC. But historians and archeologists largely discuss their ethnic origins. Some modern authors consider them to be autochthonous and initially dominated by the Celts, before gaining full independence from them. This hypothesis is also backed by Avienus, who wrote ORA MARITIMA, inspired by documents from 6th century BC. The investigator Lambrino defended that the Lusitanians were a tribal group of Celt origin related to the Lusoni (a tribe that have inhabited the east of Iberia). Possibly, both tribes came from the Swiss mountains. But some rather prefer to see the Lusitanians has a native Iberian tribe, resulting of intermarriage between different tribes. The first area colonized by the Lusitani was probably the Douro valley and the region of Beira Alta; in Beira they stayed until they defeated the Celts and other tribes, then they expanded to cover a territory that reached Estremadura before the arrival of the Roman Republics. == The war with Rome == The Lusitani are mentioned for the first time in Livy (218 BC) and are described as Carthage mercenaries; they are reported as fighting against Rome in 194 BC, sometimes allied with the Celtiberians. In 179 BC the praetor Lucius Postumius Albinus celebrated a Roman Triumph over the Lusitani, but in 155 BC, on the command of Punicus (perhaps a Carthaginian general) first and Cesarus after, the Lusitani reached Gibraltar. Here they were defeated by the praetor Lucius Mummius. Servius Sulpicius Galba organized a false armistice, but while the Lusitani celebrated this new alliance, he massacred them, selling the survivors as slaves; this caused a new rebellion led by Viriathus (who was soon killed by traitors). Romans scored other victories with proconsul Decimus Junius Brutus and Marius (113 BC), but still the Lusitani resisted with a long guerrilla war; they later joined Sertorius' troops and were finally exterminated by Augustus. == Roman province == With Lusitania (and Asturia and Gallaecia), Rome had completed the conquest of the Iberian peninsula, which was then divided by Augustus (25-20 BC) into the southwestern ''Hispania Baetica'' and the western ''Provincia Lusitana''. Originally Lusitania included the territories of Asturia and Gallaecia, but these were later ceded to the jurisdiction of new ''Provincia Tarraconensis'' and the former remained as ''Provincia Lusitania et Vettones''. Its northern border was along the Douro, while on its eastern side its border passed through ''Salmantica'' and ''Caesarobriga'' to the ''Anas'' (Guadiana) river. The capital of Lusitania was ''Augusta Emerita'' (currently Mérida, Spain). Near modern Coimbra, the Roman city of Conimbriga was not the largest city of Lusitania, but it is the best preserved. Built on a long-inhabited site, it was sacked by the Suevi in 468, and its inhabitants fled to Aeminium, which inherited its name and is nowadays known as Coimbra. Conimbriga's city walls are largely intact, and the mosaic floors (''illustration, right'') and foundations of many houses and public buildings remain. In the baths, visitors can view the network of stone heating ducts (the ''hypocaust'') beneath the now-missing floors. Archaeologists estimate that, though excavations began in 1898, only 10 percent of the city has been excavated. *[http://www.quintadoriodao.com/eng/out/conimbriga.html Roman Conimbriga] Under Diocletian, Lusitania kept its borders and was ruled by a ''praeses'', later by a ''consularis''; finally, it was united with the other provinces to form the ''Diocesis Hispaniarum'' ("Diocese of Hispania"). ==Other uses== In Orson Scott Card's 'Ender' series, Lusitania is a planet settled mostly by Portuguese-speaking Brazil. See: Speaker for the Dead, Xenocide, Children of the Mind. ==See also== *Lusitanian *Lusitanian mythology *Lusitanian language *Ophiussa Ancient Roman enemies and allies Ancient Roman provinces Lusitania
=="came from the Swiss Alps"== ''"It is believed that they came from the Swiss Alps"'' If there were any reason to "believe" this, it should be mentioned, as it would be revealing. Pottery styles? Perhaps this is just sentimental? User:Wetman 16:56, 3 Sep 2004 (UTC) *Sentimental? nops. That was said by a Spanish historian. Why would be sentimental if it came from the Alps? It would be sentimental if would come from Italy, Greece or Phoenicia. I'll try to add info to justify that. I'll search it. The main reason is that it is believed they were Celts.-User:PedroPVZ 17:48, 3 Sep 2004 (UTC) :Sentimental in the sense of associative wishful thinking. Celtic culture was very widespread in Europe: are the Alps mentioned because of the Halstatt culture? But there's no suggestion here yet of ''why'' the Lusitanian tribes are considered to be Celts. And some further confusion is introduced with "autochthonous", because the autochthonous peoples are the Iberians ==Merge== Lusitanian should either be integrated here, or the content about the pre-Roman people should be moved there (and that page renamed to Lusitanians). --User:Joy 11:14, 11 Nov 2004 (UTC) * I already think this article mixes two different things -> pre-Roman Lusitania and Roman Lusitania. I intent in the future to add info about the peoples of Lusitania and the Lusitanian Language (just translate what I made in the Port. language wikipedia). I aint got much time left for wikipedia for now. :S -User:PedroPVZ 18:22, 18 Mar 2005 (UTC) ** Lusitanian language done. == Lusus == (Discussion that was here is moved, unchanged and unedited, to Talk:Lusus. --02:48, 30 Mar 2005 (UTC)) Hey Charles, can you be helpful in this article? the Ophiussa one. It clearly needs your help! Translate what's in Latin there please and correct the English. Lots of thanks. ;) -User:PedroPVZ 23:07, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC)
Portugal Ancient Roman provinces
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Words begining with Lusitania:
Lusitania
Lusitania
Lusitania
Lusitanian
Lusitanians
Lusitanian_language
Lusitanian_language
Lusitanian_mythology
Lusitanian_mythology
Lusitania_(ship)
Lusitania
:''This article concerns the Roman province. For the ship, see RMS Lusitania.'' [[Image:REmpire-02_Hispania_Lusitania.png|250px|thumb|Roman province of ''Lusitania'', 120 AD]]Lusitania, an ancient Ancient Rome Roman province approximately including current Portugal and part of western current Spain (specifically the present autonomous community Extremadura), named after the Lusitani or Lusitanian people. The Lusitani were strong warriors whose origins are uncertain. == Origin of the name == The etymology of ''Lusitania'', like the origin of the Lusitani, is unclear. The name may be of Celtic origin: ''Lus'' and ''Tanus'', "tribe of Lusus". others say that Lusitania means "City of light". Ancient Romans, such as Pliny the Elder (''Pliny's Natural History'', [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plin.+Nat.+3.5 3.5])and Marcus Terentius Varro (cited by Pliny), speculated that the name ''Lusitania'' was of Roman origin, as when Pliny says ''lusum enim liberi patris aut lyssam cum eo bacchantium nomen dedisse lusitaniae et pana praefectum eius universae'': that Lusitania takes its name from the ''lusus'' associated with Bacchus and the ''lyssa'' of his Bacchantes, and that Pan (mythology) is its governor. ''Lusus'' is usually translated as 'game' or 'play', while ''lyssa'' is a borrowing from the Greek language λυσσα, 'frenzy' or 'rage' (and sometimes the personification thereof). Variant translations take these as proper names: ''Lusus'' and ''Lyssa'' become flesh-and-blood companions of Bacchus. The ''Os Lusíadas'' of Luís de Camões, which portray Lusus as the founder of Lusitania, follow this translation. == Lusitanians == The Lusitani may have come from the Alps and established themselves in the region in the 6th century BC. But historians and archeologists largely discuss their ethnic origins. Some modern authors consider them to be autochthonous and initially dominated by the Celts, before gaining full independence from them. This hypothesis is also backed by Avienus, who wrote ORA MARITIMA, inspired by documents from 6th century BC. The investigator Lambrino defended that the Lusitanians were a tribal group of Celt origin related to the Lusoni (a tribe that have inhabited the east of Iberia). Possibly, both tribes came from the Swiss mountains. But some rather prefer to see the Lusitanians has a native Iberian tribe, resulting of intermarriage between different tribes. The first area colonized by the Lusitani was probably the Douro valley and the region of Beira Alta; in Beira they stayed until they defeated the Celts and other tribes, then they expanded to cover a territory that reached Estremadura before the arrival of the Roman Republics. == The war with Rome == The Lusitani are mentioned for the first time in Livy (218 BC) and are described as Carthage mercenaries; they are reported as fighting against Rome in 194 BC, sometimes allied with the Celtiberians. In 179 BC the praetor Lucius Postumius Albinus celebrated a Roman Triumph over the Lusitani, but in 155 BC, on the command of Punicus (perhaps a Carthaginian general) first and Cesarus after, the Lusitani reached Gibraltar. Here they were defeated by the praetor Lucius Mummius. Servius Sulpicius Galba organized a false armistice, but while the Lusitani celebrated this new alliance, he massacred them, selling the survivors as slaves; this caused a new rebellion led by Viriathus (who was soon killed by traitors). Romans scored other victories with proconsul Decimus Junius Brutus and Marius (113 BC), but still the Lusitani resisted with a long guerrilla war; they later joined Sertorius' troops and were finally exterminated by Augustus. == Roman province == With Lusitania (and Asturia and Gallaecia), Rome had completed the conquest of the Iberian peninsula, which was then divided by Augustus (25-20 BC) into the southwestern ''Hispania Baetica'' and the western ''Provincia Lusitana''. Originally Lusitania included the territories of Asturia and Gallaecia, but these were later ceded to the jurisdiction of new ''Provincia Tarraconensis'' and the former remained as ''Provincia Lusitania et Vettones''. Its northern border was along the Douro, while on its eastern side its border passed through ''Salmantica'' and ''Caesarobriga'' to the ''Anas'' (Guadiana) river. The capital of Lusitania was ''Augusta Emerita'' (currently Mérida, Spain). Near modern Coimbra, the Roman city of Conimbriga was not the largest city of Lusitania, but it is the best preserved. Built on a long-inhabited site, it was sacked by the Suevi in 468, and its inhabitants fled to Aeminium, which inherited its name and is nowadays known as Coimbra. Conimbriga's city walls are largely intact, and the mosaic floors (''illustration, right'') and foundations of many houses and public buildings remain. In the baths, visitors can view the network of stone heating ducts (the ''hypocaust'') beneath the now-missing floors. Archaeologists estimate that, though excavations began in 1898, only 10 percent of the city has been excavated. *[http://www.quintadoriodao.com/eng/out/conimbriga.html Roman Conimbriga] Under Diocletian, Lusitania kept its borders and was ruled by a ''praeses'', later by a ''consularis''; finally, it was united with the other provinces to form the ''Diocesis Hispaniarum'' ("Diocese of Hispania"). ==Other uses== In Orson Scott Card's 'Ender' series, Lusitania is a planet settled mostly by Portuguese-speaking Brazil. See: Speaker for the Dead, Xenocide, Children of the Mind. ==See also== *Lusitanian *Lusitanian mythology *Lusitanian language *Ophiussa Ancient Roman enemies and allies Ancient Roman provinces Lusitania
Lusitania
=="came from the Swiss Alps"== ''"It is believed that they came from the Swiss Alps"'' If there were any reason to "believe" this, it should be mentioned, as it would be revealing. Pottery styles? Perhaps this is just sentimental? User:Wetman 16:56, 3 Sep 2004 (UTC) *Sentimental? nops. That was said by a Spanish historian. Why would be sentimental if it came from the Alps? It would be sentimental if would come from Italy, Greece or Phoenicia. I'll try to add info to justify that. I'll search it. The main reason is that it is believed they were Celts.-User:PedroPVZ 17:48, 3 Sep 2004 (UTC) :Sentimental in the sense of associative wishful thinking. Celtic culture was very widespread in Europe: are the Alps mentioned because of the Halstatt culture? But there's no suggestion here yet of ''why'' the Lusitanian tribes are considered to be Celts. And some further confusion is introduced with "autochthonous", because the autochthonous peoples are the Iberians ==Merge== Lusitanian should either be integrated here, or the content about the pre-Roman people should be moved there (and that page renamed to Lusitanians). --User:Joy 11:14, 11 Nov 2004 (UTC) * I already think this article mixes two different things -> pre-Roman Lusitania and Roman Lusitania. I intent in the future to add info about the peoples of Lusitania and the Lusitanian Language (just translate what I made in the Port. language wikipedia). I aint got much time left for wikipedia for now. :S -User:PedroPVZ 18:22, 18 Mar 2005 (UTC) ** Lusitanian language done. == Lusus == (Discussion that was here is moved, unchanged and unedited, to Talk:Lusus. --02:48, 30 Mar 2005 (UTC)) Hey Charles, can you be helpful in this article? the Ophiussa one. It clearly needs your help! Translate what's in Latin there please and correct the English. Lots of thanks. ;) -User:PedroPVZ 23:07, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC)
Lusitania
Portugal Ancient Roman provinces
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LA | LB | LC | LD | LE | LF | LG | LH | LI | LJ | LK | LM | LN | LO | LP | LR | LS | LT | LU | LW | LX | LY | LZ |Words begining with Lusitania:
Lusitania
Lusitania
Lusitania
Lusitanian
Lusitanians
Lusitanian_language
Lusitanian_language
Lusitanian_mythology
Lusitanian_mythology
Lusitania_(ship)
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