This is a list of Unix Computer_programs. Some of these programs are standard utilities that will be found on any Unix or Unix-like operating system; indeed a system without such basic components as ls or UNIX shell could scarcely be described as truly Unix-like. Others are more special-purpose and may not be installed by default. Finally, some items on this list are simply separate applications which happen to have been written for Unix. Many MS-DOS commands are similar to, or based on these commands. See List of DOS commands for more information. ==System software== ===System Management=== *admin (Unix) – Administer SCCS files *fuser (Unix) – Identify processes by files or sockets *mesg – Control write access to your terminal *newgrp – Log in to a new group *nohup – Run a command with immunity to hangups outputting to non–tty *pathchk – Check the validity/portability of filenames *logger – Make entries in the system log *UNIX shell – The Bourne shell, the standard Unix shell *dd (Unix) – Convert and copy a file (Disk Dump) *dirname – Strip non–directory suffixes from a path *echo (computing) – Print to standard output *env – Show or change environment variables *file (or stat)– Determine the type of a file *strip – Discard symbols from object files *uptime – Print how long the system has been running ====Kernel specific==== *ipcs – Provide information on IPC facilities *ipcrm – Remove a message queue, semaphore set or shared memory id *date (Unix) – Print or set the system date and/or time *uname – Print assorted system statistics ====Process (computing) and tasks management==== *nice (Unix) – Alter priorities for processes *time (Unix) – Time a command *top (Unix) – Produce a dynamic list of all resident processes *wait – Wait for the specified process *renice – Alter the priorities of an already running process *return – Return a value *chroot – Change the system root directory for all child processes *timex (Unix utility) – Time process shell execution, measure process data and system activity *kill (Unix) – Send a signal to process, or terminate a process (by PID) *killall (Unix) – Terminate all processes (in Linux, it's kill by name) *crontab – Crontab file editor *at (Unix command) – Single–time command scheduler *cron – Periodic command scheduler *daemonic – Interface to daemon init scripts *sleep – Delay for specified time *ps – Report process status *anacron – Periodic command scheduler ====User management and support==== *su (computing) – Start a new process (defaults to shell) as a different user (defaults to root) *logname – Print user's login name *passwd – User and group entries for daemons *write – Send a message to another user *Who (Unix) – Show who is logged on *id (Unix) – Print real/effective UIDs/GIDs *Unix manual – Manual browser *locale – Get locale specific information *localedef – Compile locale definitions =====Terminal configuration===== *stty – Change and print terminal line settings *tty – Print filename of terminal connected to standard input *tput – Initialize a terminal/query terminfo database ===Files and texts=== *Coreutils – GNU package, containing a lot of file, text, and shell utilities. *UNIX_manual – Displays online manual for a program ====Filesystem Utilities==== *chgrp – Change the group of a file or directory *chmod – Change the permissions of a file or directory *chown – Change the owner of a file or directory *cp (Unix) – Copy a file or directory to another location *df – Report disk space *du (Unix) – Calculate used disk space *fsck – File System ChecK *ln (Unix) – Link one file/directory to another *ls – List directory contents *mkdir – Make a directory *mkfifo – Make a named pipe *mount – Make a volume accessible through VFS *mv – Move/rename a file or directory *pwd – Print the current working directory *Rm (Unix) – Delete a file or directory *rmdel *rmdir – Delete a directory *Touch (Unix) – Create a new file or update its modification time *unlink ====Archivers and compression==== *afio – Compatible superset of cpio with added functionality *ar (Unix) – Maintain, modify, and extract from archives. Now largely obsoleted by tar *bzip2 – Block–sorting file compressor *compress – Traditional compressor using the LZW (algorithm) *cpio – A traditional archiving tool/format *gzip – The gzip file compressor *pax (program) – POSIX archive tool that handles multiple formats. *TAR file format – Tape ARchiver, concatenates files *uncompress – Uncompresses files compressed with ''compress''. *zcat – Prints files to stdout from gzip archives without unpacking them to separate file(s) ====Text Processing==== *awk – A pattern scanning and processing language *cmp – Compare two files byte for byte *comm – Sort two files and compare them line for line *diff – Compare two files line by line *expand – Convert tabs <–> spaces *grep – Print lines matching a pattern (now largely superseded by egrep) *merge (Unix) – Three way merge of files (see also paste (Unix)) *tail – Output the tail end of files *tr (program) – Translate characters *uniq – Remove duplicate lines from a sorted file *wc (Unix utility) – Word/line/byte count =====Editors===== *ed – Traditional line-based Unix text editor *emacs – Powerful Lisp programming language–based text editor and general computing environment *ex – Text editor, often a symbolic link to vi (or vim) which causes it to run in ex emulation mode *NEdit – The multi-purpose X11 editor *nano (text editor) – Clone of pico *pico (text editor) – PIne's message COmposition editor *sam (program) – Bitmapped text editor with client-server design, by Rob Pike *vi – Visual text editor *vim (text editor) – Vi IMproved, vi clone with syntax highlighting and many other enhancements *XEmacs – Popular version of emacs that is derived from emacs ====Conversion==== *iconv – Convert the encoding of the specified files *nkf – Convert Japanese characters ====More unsorted==== *fold – Wrap each input line to fit within the given width *fc (Unix) *find – Search for files through a directory hierarchy *split – Split a file into pieces *sort – Sort lines of text files *tsort – Perform a topological sorting *head (Unix) – Output the first parts of a file *join (Unix utility) – Join lines of two files on a common field *less – Improved more–like text pager *more – Pager *nl (Unix) – Number the lines of a file *od (Unix) – Dump files in various formats, e.g. octal *paste (Unix) – Merge lines of files *Patch (Unix) – Change files based on a patch file *cut – Remove sections from each line of a file or standard input *csplit – Split a file into sections determined by context lines *cat (Unix) – Concatenate files to standard output *cksum – Print the CRC checksum and bytecount of a file (see also MD5) *tac – The reverse of cat (Unix) -- displays files to standard output in reverse order starting at the end of the file *tee (Unix) – Read from standard input, write to standard output and files *unexpand – Convert spaces to tabs *uudecode *uuencode *sed – Stream EDitor ===Communication, networking and remote access=== *apache_server *Network File System – Network filesystem *rsh, SSH, telnet – Remote consoles *Samba software – SMB and CIFS client and server for UNIX ====Network system services==== *xinetd – Replacement for inetd *fingerd *inetd ====Network Utilities==== *dhcpd *ifconfig *ping *pppd ====Network monitoring and security==== *Ethereal *Ettercap (computing) *John the Ripper *Nmap *Nessus *snort *tcpdump ====Other==== *uux *uustat *elm (Unix) – Unix mail utility program *mailx – Email sending utility *talk – Talk to another logged–in user ===Programming tools=== ====Script Interpreters==== *awk – Standard Unix scripting and text manipulation tool *perl – Perl scripting language *python programming language – Python programming language scripting language *bash – Bourne Again SHell, standard shell and a script interpreter on linux systems ==== Compilers and Programming tools ==== *c99 *cc – C Compiler *ctags – Generate tags file summarising location of objects in source files *distcc – Tool for distributing compiles across multiple machines *fort77 – Fortran 77 compiler *gcc – GNU Compiler Collection *lex – Lexical scanner generator *m4 (language) – Macro language *make – Automate builds *nm (UNIX) – List symbols from object files *yacc – Parser generator ====Scripting utilities==== *expr – Evaluate expressions *false – Return a value that evaluates as False *true – Return a value that evaluates as True *xargs – Build and execute command lines from standard output *basename – Returns the final component of a path *batch (Unix) *unset *continue – Skip the current iteration of a loop *strings – Print strings of printable characters found in a file *times (Unix) *test – Test an expression *hash *shift ===User interface=== *X11 ====Desktops/Graphical User Interfaces==== *Blackbox and its variants (including Fluxbox and Waimea (X Window System)) *CDE – Common Desktop Environment, most commonly found on proprietary UNIX systems *Enlightenment (window manager) *Fvwm and its variant Fvwm95, which has been modified to behave like Windows 95 *GNOME – GNU Network Object Model Environment *IceWM – ICE Window Manager *KDE – K Desktop Environment *Aqua_(Mac_OS_X) – Apple Computer's GUI interface for the Darwin BSD based operating system Mac OS X *Window Maker *WMI (X window manager) – Window Manager Improved *XFce ====Shells==== *bash – Bourne Again SHell, standard shell on linux systems *C shell – C shell *Korn shell – Korn shell, standard shell on most proprietary Unix systems *rc shell – Rc originally written for Plan 9 from Bell Labs *tcsh – TENEX C shell, standard shell on Berkeley Software Distribution systems *Z shell – Z shell ===Computer security=== ====Antivirus==== *ClamAV – Email virus scanner ====Cryptography==== *Enigmail – Graphical interface to gpg for Mozilla Application Suite and Mozilla Thunderbird *gpg – GNU Privacy Guard, a complete and free replacement for PGP (to do file and email encryption and signature) *openssl – Secure Sockets Layer and general crypto library *pinepgp – Filters which enable pine to use signed/encrypted email ===Linux specific programs=== *Advanced Packaging Tool – Front–end for dpkg or rpm *debconf – Debian package configuration management system *drakconf – Frond–end configuration utility for Mandriva Linux *dpkg – The Debian package manager *emerge – A frontend to portage *fink – The Fink package manager *RPM Package Manager – Originally the package manager for Red Hat Linux, now used by several distributions including Mandriva Linux *Portage (software) – The Gentoo Linux package manager *urpmi – Front–end to rpm, used by Mandriva Linux ==Application software== ===Office suite=== *OpenOffice.org *KOffice ===Multimedia=== *Audacity – Sound recording and editing program *GIMP – Powerful image manipulation package *GStreamer – Plugin-based multimedia framework *ImageMagick – Image conversion library *Inkscape – Vector graphics editor *mpg123 – MP3 player *MPlayer – Movie player *Rosegarden – Powerful digital audio workstation *SoX – Sound conversion tool *Totem (media player) – Media player *transcode – Flexible command-line media encoding tool *xine – Video Player *xmms – Winamp-like multimedia player ===Web browsers=== *Dillo – Extremely light–weight web browser *Galeon – Light–weight old GNOME web browser *Epiphany (web browser) – Light–weight GNOME web browser *Konqueror – KDE web browser *Links (web browser) – Console based web browser *ELinks – Enhanced links *Lynx (web browser) – Console based web browser *Mozilla Application Suite – Graphical cross platform web browser & email client *Mozilla Firefox – Extensible Web browser from Mozilla *Mozilla Thunderbird – Extensible Email client from Mozilla *Opera (web browser) – Web browser and Email client ===Desktop Publishing=== *Groff – Traditional typesetting system *LaTeX – Popular TeX macro package for higher–level typesetting *lp (Unix) – Print a file (on a line printer) *Passepartout (publishing) – Desktop publishing program *pr (Unix) – Convert text files for printing *printf – Format and print data *Scribus – Desktop publishing program *TeX – High–quality macro–based typesetting system *troff – The original and standard Unix typesetting system ===Database management system=== *DB2 *Firebird (database server) *MySQL *Oracle database *PostgreSQL *Progress (DBMS) [http://www.progress.com] *SQLite *Sybase ===Mathematical and scientific software=== *maxima – Symbol manipulation program *units – Unit conversion program *GNU Octave – Numerical computing language (mostly compatible with Matlab) and environment. ===Desktop utilities=== *dc (Unix) – Reverse-Polish desk calculator which supports unlimited precision arithmetic *fortune_(program) – Fortune cookie program that prints a random quote *bc programming language – An arbitrary precision calculator language with syntax similar to the C programming language. *cal (program) – Displays a calendar ==See also== *List of UNIX daemons *List of GNU packages *List of open source software packages *List of KDE applications *List of GNOME applications == External links == * [http://directory.fsf.org/ FSF/UNESCO Free Software Directory] – A catalog of useful free software * [http://freshmeat.net/browse/ Freshmeat software catalog] – The Web's largest index of Unix and cross-platform software * [http://www.linuxlinks.com/Software/ Linux Links: Software] – Linux software catalog * [http://www.linux.org/apps/ Linux Online - Applications] – Linux software catalog Lists of software Unix programs
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List of Unix programs
This is a list of Unix Computer_programs. Some of these programs are standard utilities that will be found on any Unix or Unix-like operating system; indeed a system without such basic components as ls or UNIX shell could scarcely be described as truly Unix-like. Others are more special-purpose and may not be installed by default. Finally, some items on this list are simply separate applications which happen to have been written for Unix. Many MS-DOS commands are similar to, or based on these commands. See List of DOS commands for more information. ==System software== ===System Management=== *admin (Unix) – Administer SCCS files *fuser (Unix) – Identify processes by files or sockets *mesg – Control write access to your terminal *newgrp – Log in to a new group *nohup – Run a command with immunity to hangups outputting to non–tty *pathchk – Check the validity/portability of filenames *logger – Make entries in the system log *UNIX shell – The Bourne shell, the standard Unix shell *dd (Unix) – Convert and copy a file (Disk Dump) *dirname – Strip non–directory suffixes from a path *echo (computing) – Print to standard output *env – Show or change environment variables *file (or stat)– Determine the type of a file *strip – Discard symbols from object files *uptime – Print how long the system has been running ====Kernel specific==== *ipcs – Provide information on IPC facilities *ipcrm – Remove a message queue, semaphore set or shared memory id *date (Unix) – Print or set the system date and/or time *uname – Print assorted system statistics ====Process (computing) and tasks management==== *nice (Unix) – Alter priorities for processes *time (Unix) – Time a command *top (Unix) – Produce a dynamic list of all resident processes *wait – Wait for the specified process *renice – Alter the priorities of an already running process *return – Return a value *chroot – Change the system root directory for all child processes *timex (Unix utility) – Time process shell execution, measure process data and system activity *kill (Unix) – Send a signal to process, or terminate a process (by PID) *killall (Unix) – Terminate all processes (in Linux, it's kill by name) *crontab – Crontab file editor *at (Unix command) – Single–time command scheduler *cron – Periodic command scheduler *daemonic – Interface to daemon init scripts *sleep – Delay for specified time *ps – Report process status *anacron – Periodic command scheduler ====User management and support==== *su (computing) – Start a new process (defaults to shell) as a different user (defaults to root) *logname – Print user's login name *passwd – User and group entries for daemons *write – Send a message to another user *Who (Unix) – Show who is logged on *id (Unix) – Print real/effective UIDs/GIDs *Unix manual – Manual browser *locale – Get locale specific information *localedef – Compile locale definitions =====Terminal configuration===== *stty – Change and print terminal line settings *tty – Print filename of terminal connected to standard input *tput – Initialize a terminal/query terminfo database ===Files and texts=== *Coreutils – GNU package, containing a lot of file, text, and shell utilities. *UNIX_manual – Displays online manual for a program ====Filesystem Utilities==== *chgrp – Change the group of a file or directory *chmod – Change the permissions of a file or directory *chown – Change the owner of a file or directory *cp (Unix) – Copy a file or directory to another location *df – Report disk space *du (Unix) – Calculate used disk space *fsck – File System ChecK *ln (Unix) – Link one file/directory to another *ls – List directory contents *mkdir – Make a directory *mkfifo – Make a named pipe *mount – Make a volume accessible through VFS *mv – Move/rename a file or directory *pwd – Print the current working directory *Rm (Unix) – Delete a file or directory *rmdel *rmdir – Delete a directory *Touch (Unix) – Create a new file or update its modification time *unlink ====Archivers and compression==== *afio – Compatible superset of cpio with added functionality *ar (Unix) – Maintain, modify, and extract from archives. Now largely obsoleted by tar *bzip2 – Block–sorting file compressor *compress – Traditional compressor using the LZW (algorithm) *cpio – A traditional archiving tool/format *gzip – The gzip file compressor *pax (program) – POSIX archive tool that handles multiple formats. *TAR file format – Tape ARchiver, concatenates files *uncompress – Uncompresses files compressed with ''compress''. *zcat – Prints files to stdout from gzip archives without unpacking them to separate file(s) ====Text Processing==== *awk – A pattern scanning and processing language *cmp – Compare two files byte for byte *comm – Sort two files and compare them line for line *diff – Compare two files line by line *expand – Convert tabs <–> spaces *grep – Print lines matching a pattern (now largely superseded by egrep) *merge (Unix) – Three way merge of files (see also paste (Unix)) *tail – Output the tail end of files *tr (program) – Translate characters *uniq – Remove duplicate lines from a sorted file *wc (Unix utility) – Word/line/byte count =====Editors===== *ed – Traditional line-based Unix text editor *emacs – Powerful Lisp programming language–based text editor and general computing environment *ex – Text editor, often a symbolic link to vi (or vim) which causes it to run in ex emulation mode *NEdit – The multi-purpose X11 editor *nano (text editor) – Clone of pico *pico (text editor) – PIne's message COmposition editor *sam (program) – Bitmapped text editor with client-server design, by Rob Pike *vi – Visual text editor *vim (text editor) – Vi IMproved, vi clone with syntax highlighting and many other enhancements *XEmacs – Popular version of emacs that is derived from emacs ====Conversion==== *iconv – Convert the encoding of the specified files *nkf – Convert Japanese characters ====More unsorted==== *fold – Wrap each input line to fit within the given width *fc (Unix) *find – Search for files through a directory hierarchy *split – Split a file into pieces *sort – Sort lines of text files *tsort – Perform a topological sorting *head (Unix) – Output the first parts of a file *join (Unix utility) – Join lines of two files on a common field *less – Improved more–like text pager *more – Pager *nl (Unix) – Number the lines of a file *od (Unix) – Dump files in various formats, e.g. octal *paste (Unix) – Merge lines of files *Patch (Unix) – Change files based on a patch file *cut – Remove sections from each line of a file or standard input *csplit – Split a file into sections determined by context lines *cat (Unix) – Concatenate files to standard output *cksum – Print the CRC checksum and bytecount of a file (see also MD5) *tac – The reverse of cat (Unix) -- displays files to standard output in reverse order starting at the end of the file *tee (Unix) – Read from standard input, write to standard output and files *unexpand – Convert spaces to tabs *uudecode *uuencode *sed – Stream EDitor ===Communication, networking and remote access=== *apache_server *Network File System – Network filesystem *rsh, SSH, telnet – Remote consoles *Samba software – SMB and CIFS client and server for UNIX ====Network system services==== *xinetd – Replacement for inetd *fingerd *inetd ====Network Utilities==== *dhcpd *ifconfig *ping *pppd ====Network monitoring and security==== *Ethereal *Ettercap (computing) *John the Ripper *Nmap *Nessus *snort *tcpdump ====Other==== *uux *uustat *elm (Unix) – Unix mail utility program *mailx – Email sending utility *talk – Talk to another logged–in user ===Programming tools=== ====Script Interpreters==== *awk – Standard Unix scripting and text manipulation tool *perl – Perl scripting language *python programming language – Python programming language scripting language *bash – Bourne Again SHell, standard shell and a script interpreter on linux systems ==== Compilers and Programming tools ==== *c99 *cc – C Compiler *ctags – Generate tags file summarising location of objects in source files *distcc – Tool for distributing compiles across multiple machines *fort77 – Fortran 77 compiler *gcc – GNU Compiler Collection *lex – Lexical scanner generator *m4 (language) – Macro language *make – Automate builds *nm (UNIX) – List symbols from object files *yacc – Parser generator ====Scripting utilities==== *expr – Evaluate expressions *false – Return a value that evaluates as False *true – Return a value that evaluates as True *xargs – Build and execute command lines from standard output *basename – Returns the final component of a path *batch (Unix) *unset *continue – Skip the current iteration of a loop *strings – Print strings of printable characters found in a file *times (Unix) *test – Test an expression *hash *shift ===User interface=== *X11 ====Desktops/Graphical User Interfaces==== *Blackbox and its variants (including Fluxbox and Waimea (X Window System)) *CDE – Common Desktop Environment, most commonly found on proprietary UNIX systems *Enlightenment (window manager) *Fvwm and its variant Fvwm95, which has been modified to behave like Windows 95 *GNOME – GNU Network Object Model Environment *IceWM – ICE Window Manager *KDE – K Desktop Environment *Aqua_(Mac_OS_X) – Apple Computer's GUI interface for the Darwin BSD based operating system Mac OS X *Window Maker *WMI (X window manager) – Window Manager Improved *XFce ====Shells==== *bash – Bourne Again SHell, standard shell on linux systems *C shell – C shell *Korn shell – Korn shell, standard shell on most proprietary Unix systems *rc shell – Rc originally written for Plan 9 from Bell Labs *tcsh – TENEX C shell, standard shell on Berkeley Software Distribution systems *Z shell – Z shell ===Computer security=== ====Antivirus==== *ClamAV – Email virus scanner ====Cryptography==== *Enigmail – Graphical interface to gpg for Mozilla Application Suite and Mozilla Thunderbird *gpg – GNU Privacy Guard, a complete and free replacement for PGP (to do file and email encryption and signature) *openssl – Secure Sockets Layer and general crypto library *pinepgp – Filters which enable pine to use signed/encrypted email ===Linux specific programs=== *Advanced Packaging Tool – Front–end for dpkg or rpm *debconf – Debian package configuration management system *drakconf – Frond–end configuration utility for Mandriva Linux *dpkg – The Debian package manager *emerge – A frontend to portage *fink – The Fink package manager *RPM Package Manager – Originally the package manager for Red Hat Linux, now used by several distributions including Mandriva Linux *Portage (software) – The Gentoo Linux package manager *urpmi – Front–end to rpm, used by Mandriva Linux ==Application software== ===Office suite=== *OpenOffice.org *KOffice ===Multimedia=== *Audacity – Sound recording and editing program *GIMP – Powerful image manipulation package *GStreamer – Plugin-based multimedia framework *ImageMagick – Image conversion library *Inkscape – Vector graphics editor *mpg123 – MP3 player *MPlayer – Movie player *Rosegarden – Powerful digital audio workstation *SoX – Sound conversion tool *Totem (media player) – Media player *transcode – Flexible command-line media encoding tool *xine – Video Player *xmms – Winamp-like multimedia player ===Web browsers=== *Dillo – Extremely light–weight web browser *Galeon – Light–weight old GNOME web browser *Epiphany (web browser) – Light–weight GNOME web browser *Konqueror – KDE web browser *Links (web browser) – Console based web browser *ELinks – Enhanced links *Lynx (web browser) – Console based web browser *Mozilla Application Suite – Graphical cross platform web browser & email client *Mozilla Firefox – Extensible Web browser from Mozilla *Mozilla Thunderbird – Extensible Email client from Mozilla *Opera (web browser) – Web browser and Email client ===Desktop Publishing=== *Groff – Traditional typesetting system *LaTeX – Popular TeX macro package for higher–level typesetting *lp (Unix) – Print a file (on a line printer) *Passepartout (publishing) – Desktop publishing program *pr (Unix) – Convert text files for printing *printf – Format and print data *Scribus – Desktop publishing program *TeX – High–quality macro–based typesetting system *troff – The original and standard Unix typesetting system ===Database management system=== *DB2 *Firebird (database server) *MySQL *Oracle database *PostgreSQL *Progress (DBMS) [http://www.progress.com] *SQLite *Sybase ===Mathematical and scientific software=== *maxima – Symbol manipulation program *units – Unit conversion program *GNU Octave – Numerical computing language (mostly compatible with Matlab) and environment. ===Desktop utilities=== *dc (Unix) – Reverse-Polish desk calculator which supports unlimited precision arithmetic *fortune_(program) – Fortune cookie program that prints a random quote *bc programming language – An arbitrary precision calculator language with syntax similar to the C programming language. *cal (program) – Displays a calendar ==See also== *List of UNIX daemons *List of GNU packages *List of open source software packages *List of KDE applications *List of GNOME applications == External links == * [http://directory.fsf.org/ FSF/UNESCO Free Software Directory] – A catalog of useful free software * [http://freshmeat.net/browse/ Freshmeat software catalog] – The Web's largest index of Unix and cross-platform software * [http://www.linuxlinks.com/Software/ Linux Links: Software] – Linux software catalog * [http://www.linux.org/apps/ Linux Online - Applications] – Linux software catalog Lists of software Unix programs
List of Unix programs
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