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KenyaKenya (pronounced as KEN-ya) is a country of East Africa, bordering Ethiopia (north), Somalia (north-east), Tanzania (south), Uganda (west), Sudan (north-west) and the Indian Ocean. Nairobi is its capital and largest city. ==History== ''Main article: History of Kenya'' Fossils found in East Africa suggest that protohumans roamed the area more than 20 million years ago. Recent finds near Kenya's Lake Turkana indicate that hominids like Homo habilis and Homo erectus lived in Kenya from 2.6 million years ago. The colonial history of Kenya dates from the establishment of a Germany protectorate over the Sultan of Zanzibar's coastal possessions in 1885, followed by the arrival of the Imperial British East Africa Company in 1888. Incipient imperial rivalry was forestalled when Germany handed its coastal holdings to Britain in 1890. During the early part of the 20th century the interior central highlands were settled by British and other European farmers, who became wealthy farming coffee. By the 1930s approximately 30,000 settlers lived in the area and were offered undue political powers due to their effects on the economy. The area was already home to over a million members of the Kikuyu tribe, most of whom had no land claims and lived as itinerant farmers. To protect their interests, the settlers banned the growing of coffee, introduced a Hut tax, and the landless were granted less and less land in exchange for their labour. A massive exodus to the cities ensued as their ability to provide a living from the land dwindled. From October 1952 to December 1959, Kenya was under a state of emergency arising from the Mau Mau rebellion against British rule. The governor requested and obtained British and African troops, including the King's African Rifles. In January 1953, Major General Hinde was appointed as director of counter-insurgency operations. The situation did not improve due to lack of intelligence, so General Sir George Erskine was appointed commander-in-chief of the colony's armed forces in May 1953, with the personal backing of Winston Churchill. The capture of Waruhiu Itote (General China) on 15 January 1954 and the subsequent interrogation led to a better understanding of the Mau Mau command structure. Operation Anvil opened on 24 April 1954 after weeks of planning by the army with the approval of the War Council. The operation effectively placed Nairobi under military siege and the occupants were screened and the Mau Mau supporters moved to detention camps. May 1953 also saw the Home Guard officially recognized as a branch of the Security Forces. The Home Guard formed the core of the Government's anti-Mau Mau strategy as it was composed of loyalist Africans, not foreign forces like the British Army and King's African Rifles. By the end of the Emergency the Home Guard had killed no less than 4,686 Mau Mau, which amounted to 42% of the total insurgents. The capture of Dedan Kimathi on 21 October 1956 in Nyeri signified the ultimate defeat of the Mau Mau and essentially ended the military offensive. The first direct elections for Africans to the Legislative Council took place in 1957. Despite British hopes of handing power to "moderate" African rivals, it was the Kenya African National Union (KANU) of Jomo Kenyatta, which formed a government shortly before Kenya became independent on December 12 1963. A year later, Kenyatta became Kenya's first president. At Kenyatta's death in 1978, Daniel arap Moi became President, and in democratic multiparty elections in 1992 and 1997 won re-election. In 2002, Moi was constitutionally barred from running and Mwai Kibaki was elected President. ==Political Structure== ''Main article: Politics of Kenya'' Since independence, Kenya has maintained remarkable stability despite changes in its political system and crises in neighboring countries. Particularly since the re-emergence of multiparty democracy, Kenyans have enjoyed an increased degree of freedom. A parliamentary reform initiative in 1997 revised some oppressive laws that had been used to limit freedom of speech and assembly. This improved public freedoms and contributed to generally multiparty national elections in December 1997 which was marred by violence and saw the incumbent President Daniel arap Moi win by 30% of the votes. In December 2002, Kenya held democratic and open elections and elected Mwai Kibaki as their new president under the NARC coalition. The elections, which were judged free and fair by local and international observers, marked an important turning point in Kenya's democratic evolution. President Kibaki has focused his efforts on generating economic growth, combating corruption, and improving education. Kenya is also in the process of rewriting its post-colonial independence constitution and its subsequent amendments that gave the president nearly unlimited powers and immunity from the law accounting for many of Kenya's current problems. Following disagreements between the partners in the current government coalition, constitutional reform has proceeded slower than anticipated. The right leaning National Alliance Party of Kenya (NAK) faction (allied to president Kibaki) favours a centralized Presidential system, while the left leaning Liberal Democratic Party (Kenya) faction - led by Raila Odinga - a parliamentary system with Prime Minister. Internal wrangling within the governing coalition has also negatively affected other crucial areas of governance, such as the fight against corruption and a planned large-scale privatization of government-owned enterprises. ==Administrative Structure== ''Main article: Provinces of Kenya'' Kenya is divided into 7 Provinces (''Mkoa'') and 1 Area*: *Central Province, Kenya *Coast Province, Kenya *Eastern Province, Kenya *Nairobi Area* *North Eastern Province, Kenya *Nyanza *Rift Valley Province, Kenya *Western Province, Kenya The Provinces are subdivided into Districts(''Wilaya'') which are then subdivided into Division (subnational entity)s (''Tarafa''). The Divison is then subdivided into Location (''Mtaa'') and then Sub Location (''Kijiji''). A Province is administered by a Provincial Commissioner (PC). ==Geography== ''Main article: Geography of Kenya'' ==Economy== ''Main article: Economy of Kenya'' Kenya's main economic strengths include tourism and agriculture. The economy is only now beginning to show some growth after years of stagnation. Some argue that this slow economic growth is because of poor management and uneven commitment to reform; others insist that it is due to falling commodity prices and poor access to Western markets. In 1993, the government of Kenya implemented a program of economic liberalization and reform that included the removal of import licensing, price controls, and foreign exchange controls. With the support of the World Bank, IMF, and other donors, the reforms led to a brief turnaround in economic performance following a period of economic growth in the early 1990s. One of the unintended consequence of freeing foreign exchange control was that it allowed a gold-and-diamond export scam (Goldenberg) in which the Kenyan government lost over 600 million US dollars. This resulted in a weak currency which hindered economic improvement. Kenya's Gross domestic product grew 5% in 1995 and 4% in 1996, and inflation remained under control. Growth slowed in 1997-1999 however. Political violence damaged the tourist industry, and Kenya's Enhanced Structural Adjustment Program lapsed. A new economic team was put in place in 1999 to revitalize the reform effort, strengthen the civil service, and curb corruption, but wary donors continue to question the government's commitment to western establishment ideas of sound economic policy. Considered by some to be long-term barriers to development are: electricity shortages, the government's continued and allegedly inefficient dominance of key sectors, Political corruption, the foreign debt burden, unstable international commodity prices, poor communication infrastructure and the country's high population growth rate. Chief among Kenya's exports are: Flowers (Horticulture), Fruit and Vegetables, Tea and Coffee. Another key foreign exchange earner is tourism. ==Demographics== ''Main article: Demographics of Kenya'' Ethnic tensions account for many of Kenya's problems. During the early 1990s, tribal clashes killed thousands and left tens of thousands homeless. Ethnically split opposition groups allowed the regime of Daniel arap Moi, in power from 1978 until 2002, to be re-elected for four terms, with the election in 1997 being marred by violence and fraud. Ethnic groups: Kikuyu 22%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%, Meru, Kenya 6%, other African 15%, non-African (Asian, European, and Arab) 1% Religious affiliation: Various Protestant 38%, Catholic Church in Kenya 28%, Islam 6%, Traditional Religions 22%. Others include Hinduism, Jainism & Bahai. See also: List of cities in Kenya, Maasai. ==Culture== ''Main article: Culture of Kenya'' *National parks (Kenya) *List of cities in Kenya *List of Kenyans *Music of Kenya *List of African writers (by country)#Kenya ==Sports== Kenya is active in several sports, among them soccer, hockey, boxing and many others. But the country is chiefly known for its dominance in middle-distance and long-distance athletics. Kenya has regularly produced Olympic and Commonwealth Games champions at various distances, especially the 1500M, the 3000M steeplechase, the 5000M and the 10000M races. Kenyan athletes continue to dominate the world of distance running, although competition from Morocco and Ethiopia has somewhat reduced this trend. The Marathon world record holder, Paul Tergat, and the current women's Boston Marathon champion, Catherine Ndereba, are the among the best-known and most respected athletes in Kenya. A retired Olympic and Commonwealth Games champion, Kipchoge Keino, is Kenya's most famous sportsman. Lately, there has been controversy in Kenyan athletics circles, with the defection of a number of Kenyan athletes to represent other countries, chiefly Bahrain and Qatar. The Kenyan Ministry of Sports has tried to stop the defections, but they have continued anyway, with Bernard Lagat the latest, choosing to represent the USA. ==Miscellaneous topics== *Communications in Kenya **Established internet service provider ''Inter-Connect Ltd''. [http://www.iconnect.co.ke] **One of the major newspapers in Kenya is ''The Daily Nation''. [http://www.nationaudio.com/News/DailyNation/Today/ Daily Nation Online] **Oldest daily newspaper ''The Standard''. [http://www.eastandard.net/ The Standard] *Transportation in Kenya **Kenya's National Airliner ''Kenya Airways''. *Military of Kenya *Foreign relations of Kenya ==External links== Government *[http://www.kenya.go.ke/ Government of Kenya] official site News *[http://allafrica.com/kenya/ AllAfrica.com - ''Kenya''] news headline links *[http://www.kbc.co.ke/ Kenya Broadcasting Corporation] Overviews *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1024563.stm BBC News Country Profile - ''Kenya''] *[http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ke.html CIA World Factbook - ''Kenya''] *[http://www.guardian.co.uk/kenya/0,12689,849973,00.html Guardian Unlimited - ''Special Report: Kenya''] Directories *[http://search.looksmart.com/p/browse/us1/us317916/us559898/us559899/us10065672/us559919/ LookSmart - ''Kenya''] directory category *[http://dmoz.org/Regional/Africa/Kenya/ Open Directory Project - ''Kenya''] directory category *[http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/kenya.html Stanford University - Africa South of the Sahara: ''Kenya''] directory category *[http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Country_Specific/Kenya.html University of Pennsylvania - African Studies Center: ''Kenya''] directory category *[http://dir.yahoo.com/Regional/Countries/Kenya/ Yahoo! - ''Kenya''] directory category Tourism Other *[http://hrw.org/doc?t=africa&c=kenya Human Rights Watch on Kenya] *[http://kenyaembassy.com/content/index.php?menu=f&id=1098755771 Public holidays] *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/3733489.stm BBC News - ''Suspect 'links' Moi to gold scam''] May 20, 2004 article on the Goldenberg scam Kenya African Union member states Members of the Commonwealth of Nations Peace and Security Council gd:Ceinia la:Kenia lv:Kenija ms:Kenya nds:Kenia simple:Kenya Kenya== plagiarism == :''from the pump'' hi my name is mandy and i'm doing a project on kenya, just to let you know, http://www.mapzones.com/world/africa/kenya/historyindex.php - has almost the exact information you do, i know that this is plagarising and i don't know whose plagarising who, but i thought i let you know. # Kenya: ''Fossils found in East Africa suggest that protohumans roamed the area more than 20 million years ago. Recent finds near Kenya's Lake Turkana indicate that hominids like Homo habilis and Homo erectus lived in Kenya 2.6 million years ago'' # [http://www.mapzones.com/world/africa/kenya/historyindex.php Kenya]: ''Fossils found in East Africa suggest that protohumans roamed the area more than 20 million years ago. Recent finds near Kenya's Lake Turkana indicate that hominids lived in the area 2.6 million years ago.'' :Looks pretty similiar User:Raul654 17:50, Apr 20, 2004 (UTC) ::I did a little more tracing. That info was copied into our kenya article from the History of Kenya article. Those sentences were added during [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=History_of_Kenya&diff=434465&oldid=262268 this edit] by a bot. User:Raul654 17:54, Apr 20, 2004 (UTC) :::I suspect that both are derived from some sort of public domain source like the CIA factbook or such. User:Bkonrad | User talk:Bkonrad 18:04, 20 Apr 2004 (UTC) :::Such as this from the [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2962.htm U.S. State department] User:Bkonrad | User talk:Bkonrad 18:10, 20 Apr 2004 (UTC) :::I just realized the question was about plagiarism. Although the information from the U.S. State Department is public domain, that is not copyrighted and can be freely copied, it really should be acknowledged as the source. Copying the information without attribution is plagiarism. Wikipedia (and the other sites that use it) should acknowledge the source of the information. User:Bkonrad | User talk:Bkonrad 18:14, 20 Apr 2004 (UTC) :::: I added the correspondin note at History of Kenya The bot itself should've been doing this, to avoid suspicions of this kind. User:Mikkalai 18:17, 20 Apr 2004 (UTC) ::Actually the bot in question is the User:Conversion script which imported data from the old usemod database into the new one. According to its "user page", the usemod histories were imported only later, and :: ''...the conversion script entries in history remained, in most cases appearing to perform whatever was the last edit prior to the conversion.''::So the script itself didn't acquire that information from anywhere other than Wikipedia - somebody added it, but their identity is lost in the mists of time. - User:IMSoP 19:05, 20 Apr 2004 (UTC) == Deletion of Telkom corruption example == Current Telecom's policy in Kenya gives Telkom Kenya the monopoly on external internet connectivity. It is inaccurate to state Kenya relies on a single VSAT for internet connectivity. Jambonet has multiple connections to North America, Europe & Asia. Internet service provider's oversubscribe their services to their customers, while not buying enough bandwidth from Jambonet to cater for customer needs. This leads to slow internet access. : Do you know that even without looking further, your own statement is inconsistent. See, it doesn't matter how many VSATs that Jumbonet (Telkom Kenya subsidiary) own, what really matter is that Jumbonet is the sole provider of external internet access. (As of the last time i included the paragraph you removed). Dude, the misunderstanding here is on the defination of what "Monopoly" means. Is there anybody willing to be a jury in this disagreement? I have a feeling we wouldn't be going anywhere soon. == Portuguese presence in Kenya == Hi, I'm not sure of the dates or exact details (or I'd make the edit myself) but there was definitely a Portuguese Colonial presence in Kenya centuries prior to the British arrival. The evidence of this can be seen in the ruins of Fort Jesus at Mombasa. the Portuguese were themselves supplanted by Omani Arabs who colonised the East coast as far south as Kilwa on the Mozambique border. It's therefore incorrect to suggest that Kenya's colonial Histiry didn't begin untl 1885; that's a very anglo-centric prespective. == Inter-connect ? == This edit seems suspicious: 10:59, 17 Jan 2005 195.219.214.12 (isp) + Established ISP Inter-Connect Ltd. [1] Is Inter-Connect really worth mentioning on the main Kenya page ? == Kenya economy from Stiglitz perspective == This is from Globalization and its discontents by Stiglitz "I became aware of this contrast when i first went to Kenya, in the late 1960s. Here is a rich and fertile country, with some of the most valuable land still owned by the old colonial settlers. When i arrived, the colonial civil servants were also still there; now they were called advisers. As i watched developments in East Africa over the ensuing years, and returned for several visits after becoming chief economist of the world bank, the contrast between the aspirations in the 1960s and the subsequent developments were striking. When i first went, the spirit of uhuru, the swahili word for freedom, and the ujama, the word for self-help, were in the air. When i returned, the government offices were staffed by well-spoken and well-trained Kenyans; but the economy had been sinking for years. Some of the problems-the seemingly rampant corruption- were of Kenya's own making. But the high interest rates which had resulted from its following IMF advice, as well as other problems, could rightly be blamed at least in part on outsiders ....." "....The IMF made an issue of corruption in Kenya and halted its relatively small lending program largely because of corruption it witnessed there. Yet, it maintained a flow of money, billion of dollars to Russia and Indonesia. To some, it seemed that while the Fund was overlooking grand larceny, it was taking a strong stand on petty theft...." :Stiglitz lived in Kenya between 1969 to 1971 KenyaAfrican countries Eastern Africa See other meanings of words starting from letter: KKA | KB | KC | KD | KE | KF | KG | KH | KI | KJ | KL | KM | KN | KO | KP | KR | KS | KT | KU | KW | KX | KY | KZ |Words begining with Kenya: Kenya Kenya Kenya Kenya's_Enhanced_Structural_Adjustment_Program Kenya,_Uganda,_Tanganyika Kenya,_Uganda,_Tanzania Kenya/Communications Kenya/Economy Kenya/Geography Kenya/Government Kenya/History Kenya/Military Kenya/People Kenya/Transnational_issues Kenya/Transportation Kenyan Kenyans Kenyanthropus Kenyanthropus_platyops Kenyanthropus_platyops Kenyan_African_National_Union Kenyan_all-rounders Kenyan_athletes Kenyan_batsmen Kenyan_bowlers Kenyan_cricket Kenyan_cricketers Kenyan_cricket_captains Kenyan_cricket_team Kenyan_culture Kenyan_hive Kenyan_hotel_bombing Kenyan_hotel_bombing Kenyan_media Kenyan_music Kenyan_music Kenyan_musicians Kenyan_newspapers Kenyan_ODI_cricketers Kenyan_people Kenyan_politicians Kenyan_Shilling Kenyan_shilling Kenyan_sport Kenyan_sportspeople Kenyan_styles_of_music Kenyan_writers Kenyatech Kenyatta Kenyatta_International_Conference_Centre Kenya_(movie) Kenya_(movie) Kenya_African_Democratic_Union Kenya_African_National_Union Kenya_African_Union Kenya_Airways Kenya_Air_Force Kenya_Air_Force Kenya_at_the_1996_Summer_Olympics Kenya_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics Kenya_Broadcasting_Corporation Kenya_Commercial_Bank Kenya_Fujimori Kenya_Internet_Exchange Kenya_Methodist_University Kenya_Mountain Kenya_national_football_team Kenya_posts_and_telecommunications_corporation |
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