
Justice is a concept involving the fair, morality, and impartial treatment of all persons, especially in law. It is often seen as the continued effort to do what is "right." In most of all cases what one regards as "right" is determined by consulting the majority, employing logic, or referring to divine authority, in the case of religion. If a person lives under a certain set law in a certain country, justice is considered making the person follow the law and be punished if not. Classically, justice was the ability to recognize one's debts and pay them. It was a virtue that encompassed an unwillingness to lie or theft. It was the basis for the ''code duello''. In this view, justice is the opposite of the vice of venality. In jurisprudence, justice is the obligation that the legal system has toward the individual citizen and the society as a whole. Justice (in both senses) is part of the debate regarding moral relativism and moral objectivism: Is there an "objective standard" of justice, under which all behavior should be judged, or is it acceptable for justice to have different meanings in different societies? Some cultures, for instance, see punishments such as the death penalty as being appropriate, while others decry such acts as crimes against humanity. In some cases, justice is not equated with laws. For instance, laws that once supported slavery are now considered ''unjust laws'' such as the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 in the United States. Also, many laws of legitimacy (political science) governments are considered unjust. Further, the social justice movement questions the morality of laws that protect property without adequate protection of the poverty, especially those laws governing international trade. ==See also== * Social justice * court * criminal justice * ethics * individual rights * morality * social control * virtue ==External Links== *Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: **[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/economic-justice/ Economic Justice] Core issues in ethics
VANDAL
==Short essay== ''This an Introduction to Justice, written by the "user" Ghitis. It should not be cited as a source of authorized information. ''JUSTICE'' The word JUSTICE brings to mind the idea of punishing the wrongdoer while comforting and compensating the aggrieved party. That was, at least, the image I held all these years, until I was encouraged to write a mini-essay on the subject. I started, Descartes-style, to think about the possible evolutionary origin, yet could not envisage any animal, even as advanced as the chimpanzee, evincing a group behavior even remotely resembling an act of punishment. Thus, I had to assume a human origin, and remembered how not so far in the past, the accused was judged by exposing him to absurd physical trials, whereby stamina was the determining 'proof.' Looking up the dictionary, I found that the Latin word 'jus' is the root for 'just,' justice' and derivatives, such as 'judge' and 'judicial,' the basic meaning being 'RIGHT." In Hebrew, I had learned that there are two kinds of 'justice,' there being among religious Jews a preference for associating the 'heavenly' one, called "Tse'dek," while the earthly one is called "Mishpat," from a root used for 'judge' too. The biblical Judges were the highest civil authority too, until the people under Samuel, fearing the Philistine might, forced the election of Saul, the first King, a symbol of true courage, "in the manner of the other nations." A person fulfilling all of God's commandments to the letter is called a "Tsadik," by association with the heavenly justice, being then a personification of righteousness. It became clear to me that justice embodies the concept of right behavior in a society that upholds the laws. This sounded trite, but then I remembered that in Israel, people, starting from childhood, have adopted the English word "fair," preferring it to the time-honored one meaning "all right." At that moment, I realized that justice is actually a concept of FAIRNESS. From this point on, I had to think about the time when an inchoate concept of UNFAIRNESS makes its mark in the infant's brain, because Tse'dek, Mishpat and Justice make their appearance at that very moment! And what happens when a human fetus is born? It cries 'angrily,' as if stating: "This is unfair! I was cozy until this moment: what have you done to me?!" After that, the infant starts to become possessive, interested in his own well being, and rejecting a sibling's appearance. It is a question of survival, of being 'bad' for self-advancement. Proper education will guide the inborn --but not yet manifested-- need to be 'good' for the benefit of the group. In adulthood, unfairness to a person, a group, a society and a nation, is dealt with using all the instruments of 'justice,' as defined by each one of those who feel unfairly treated. People vary in the weight attached to such feeling. The reaction varies from mild reproof to physical attack, and from diplomatic friction to full war. Upon 'discovering' what justice really is, I realized that its understanding is paramount for a person's self-knowledge. Fundamentally different to such 'natural' sense of justice, so similar among different individuals, is the justice based on laws. Millenia have left their prints on laws, and we know about outstanding lawgivers, such as Hammurabi, Moses, Solon, Roman legislators, and Napoleon. Natural laws are probably related to the individual sense of justice, while the positive law is the written, evolutive one. In Israel, where no trial by jury exists, judges are guided by the written ('positive') law: the personal sense of justice (the 'natural' law) plays no role. Therefore, "aggravation," so important as a component of the feeling of unfairness, by itself has scarce judicial meaning. The result is dissatisfaction (a feeling of unfairness) for a complainant receiving the measure of his material loss, with complete disregard for his anguish. Aug 17 2004, 14:00 (GT) == Removed Links == I removed the following two links from the entry. * on Justice [http://www.geocities.com/ghitis.geo/JUSTICE.html] * I am justice [http://iamjustice.blogspot.com] \ One of them is a blog[amend], and the other is the short essay above with no qualifications listed. Given that none of these seem to be particularly authoritative or helpful discussions of justice, I thought they were inappropriately in the article. --User:Kzollman 01:57, May 3, 2005 (UTC)
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
Words begining with Justice:
Justice
Justice
Justice
Justice,_IL
Justice,_Illinois
Justice,_Inc.
Justice,_OK
Justice,_Oklahoma
Justice?
JusticeGuy
JusticeIsServed/Evidence
Justices
Justices_of_the_Peace
Justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_Canada
Justice_(Armenia)
Justice_(comics)
Justice_(disambiguation)
Justice_(Guilty_Gear)
Justice_(Guilty_Gear)
Justice_(movie)
Justice_(Star_Trek)
Justice_(Tarot_card)
Justice_(TNG_episode)
Justice_(virtue)
Justice_A.S._Anand
Justice_and_Development_Party
Justice_and_Development_Party_(Morocco)
Justice_and_Development_Party_(Morroco)
Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)
Justice_and_Equality_Movement
Justice_and_Home_Affairs
Justice_and_Truth
Justice_as_Fairness
Justice_at_the_Gate
Justice_Baldwin
Justice_Barbour
Justice_Black
Justice_Blackmun
Justice_Blair
Justice_Blatchford
Justice_Bokhary
Justice_bomb
Justice_Brandeis
Justice_Brennan
Justice_Brennen
Justice_Breyer
Justice_Burger
Justice_Butler
Justice_Byrnes
Justice_Campbell
Justice_Cardozo
Justice_Case
Justice_case
Justice_Catron
Justice_Chase
Justice_Clifford
Justice_Commandos_against_Armenian_Genocide
Justice_Curtis
Justice_Cushing
Justice_Daniel
Justice_Day
Justice_deities
Justice_Department
Justice_Department_(Judge_Dredd)
Justice_De_Thezier
Justice_De_Thézier
Justice_Douglas
Justice_Duval
Justice_Ellsworth
Justice_Fortas
Justice_Forum
Justice_Frankfurter
Justice_Gauken
Justice_Ginsburg
Justice_goddesses
Justice_gods
Justice_Goldberg
Justice_Gray
Justice_Grier
Justice_Harlan
Justice_Holmes
Justice_Inc.
Justice_in_Eyre
Justice_in_France
Justice_Iredell
Justice_is_Needed
Justice_is_Needed
Justice_Jackson
Justice_Jay
Justice_Johnson
Justice_John_Paul_Stevens
Justice_K
Justice_K
Justice_Kennedy
Justice_L'Heureux-Dubé
Justice_Lamar
Justice_League
Justice_League
Justice_Leagues
Justice_League_(animated_series)
Justice_League_(animated_series)
Justice_League_Adventures
Justice_League_America
Justice_League_Animated
Justice_league_animated
Justice_League_animated_series
Justice_League_Antarctica
Justice_League_Elite
Justice_League_Europe
Justice_League_International
Justice_League_members
Justice_League_of_America
Justice_League_Task_Force
Justice_League_Unlimited
Justice_League_Unlimited
Justice_League_Watchtower
Justice_Legion_Alpha
Justice_Leila_Seth
Justice_Livingston
Justice_M'LEAN
Justice_M'Lean
Justice_Mahavir_Singh
Justice_Marshall
Justice_McKenna
Justice_McKinley
Justice_McLean
Justice_McReynolds
Justice_Minister
Justice_minister
Justice_Minister_of_France
Justice_Minister_of_Germany
Justice_Minton
Justice_Moore
Justice_M’LEAN
Justice_M’Lean
Justice_Nelson
Justice_Noel_Power
Justice_O'Connor
Justice_of_Peace
Justice_of_The_Peace
Justice_of_the_Peace
Justice_of_the_Peace
Justice_of_the_peace
Justice_of_the_Rus
Justice_Party_(Azerbaijan)
Justice_Party_(Kosovo)
Justice_Party_-_the_Socialists
Justice_Party_of_Denmark
Justice_Paterson
Justice_Peckham
Justice_Pitney
Justice_Powell
Justice_Prisoner_and_Alien_Transportation_System
Justice_Randerson
Justice_Reed
Justice_Rehnquist
Justice_Research_Association
Justice_Rutledge
Justice_Scalia
Justice_Shiras
Justice_Society
Justice_Society_members
Justice_Society_of_America
Justice_Society_of_America
Justice_Souter
Justice_Stevens
Justice_Stewart
Justice_Stone
Justice_Story
Justice_Strauss
Justice_Sunday
Justice_Sunday
Justice_Sutherland
Justice_Taft
Justice_Taney
Justice_Thomas
Justice_thomas
Justice_Thompson
Justice_Trial
Justice_trial
Justice_Trimble
Justice_Union
Justice_Van_Devanter
Justice_Vinson
Justice_VR_Krishna_Iyer
Justice_Waite
Justice_Warren
Justice_Washington
Justice_White
Justice_Whittaker
Justice_William_Douglas
Justice_Wilson
Justice_Woodbury
Justice
Justice is a concept involving the fair, morality, and impartial treatment of all persons, especially in law. It is often seen as the continued effort to do what is "right." In most of all cases what one regards as "right" is determined by consulting the majority, employing logic, or referring to divine authority, in the case of religion. If a person lives under a certain set law in a certain country, justice is considered making the person follow the law and be punished if not. Classically, justice was the ability to recognize one's debts and pay them. It was a virtue that encompassed an unwillingness to lie or theft. It was the basis for the ''code duello''. In this view, justice is the opposite of the vice of venality. In jurisprudence, justice is the obligation that the legal system has toward the individual citizen and the society as a whole. Justice (in both senses) is part of the debate regarding moral relativism and moral objectivism: Is there an "objective standard" of justice, under which all behavior should be judged, or is it acceptable for justice to have different meanings in different societies? Some cultures, for instance, see punishments such as the death penalty as being appropriate, while others decry such acts as crimes against humanity. In some cases, justice is not equated with laws. For instance, laws that once supported slavery are now considered ''unjust laws'' such as the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 in the United States. Also, many laws of legitimacy (political science) governments are considered unjust. Further, the social justice movement questions the morality of laws that protect property without adequate protection of the poverty, especially those laws governing international trade. ==See also== * Social justice * court * criminal justice * ethics * individual rights * morality * social control * virtue ==External Links== *Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: **[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/economic-justice/ Economic Justice] Core issues in ethics
Justice
VANDAL
Justice
==Short essay== ''This an Introduction to Justice, written by the "user" Ghitis. It should not be cited as a source of authorized information. ''JUSTICE'' The word JUSTICE brings to mind the idea of punishing the wrongdoer while comforting and compensating the aggrieved party. That was, at least, the image I held all these years, until I was encouraged to write a mini-essay on the subject. I started, Descartes-style, to think about the possible evolutionary origin, yet could not envisage any animal, even as advanced as the chimpanzee, evincing a group behavior even remotely resembling an act of punishment. Thus, I had to assume a human origin, and remembered how not so far in the past, the accused was judged by exposing him to absurd physical trials, whereby stamina was the determining 'proof.' Looking up the dictionary, I found that the Latin word 'jus' is the root for 'just,' justice' and derivatives, such as 'judge' and 'judicial,' the basic meaning being 'RIGHT." In Hebrew, I had learned that there are two kinds of 'justice,' there being among religious Jews a preference for associating the 'heavenly' one, called "Tse'dek," while the earthly one is called "Mishpat," from a root used for 'judge' too. The biblical Judges were the highest civil authority too, until the people under Samuel, fearing the Philistine might, forced the election of Saul, the first King, a symbol of true courage, "in the manner of the other nations." A person fulfilling all of God's commandments to the letter is called a "Tsadik," by association with the heavenly justice, being then a personification of righteousness. It became clear to me that justice embodies the concept of right behavior in a society that upholds the laws. This sounded trite, but then I remembered that in Israel, people, starting from childhood, have adopted the English word "fair," preferring it to the time-honored one meaning "all right." At that moment, I realized that justice is actually a concept of FAIRNESS. From this point on, I had to think about the time when an inchoate concept of UNFAIRNESS makes its mark in the infant's brain, because Tse'dek, Mishpat and Justice make their appearance at that very moment! And what happens when a human fetus is born? It cries 'angrily,' as if stating: "This is unfair! I was cozy until this moment: what have you done to me?!" After that, the infant starts to become possessive, interested in his own well being, and rejecting a sibling's appearance. It is a question of survival, of being 'bad' for self-advancement. Proper education will guide the inborn --but not yet manifested-- need to be 'good' for the benefit of the group. In adulthood, unfairness to a person, a group, a society and a nation, is dealt with using all the instruments of 'justice,' as defined by each one of those who feel unfairly treated. People vary in the weight attached to such feeling. The reaction varies from mild reproof to physical attack, and from diplomatic friction to full war. Upon 'discovering' what justice really is, I realized that its understanding is paramount for a person's self-knowledge. Fundamentally different to such 'natural' sense of justice, so similar among different individuals, is the justice based on laws. Millenia have left their prints on laws, and we know about outstanding lawgivers, such as Hammurabi, Moses, Solon, Roman legislators, and Napoleon. Natural laws are probably related to the individual sense of justice, while the positive law is the written, evolutive one. In Israel, where no trial by jury exists, judges are guided by the written ('positive') law: the personal sense of justice (the 'natural' law) plays no role. Therefore, "aggravation," so important as a component of the feeling of unfairness, by itself has scarce judicial meaning. The result is dissatisfaction (a feeling of unfairness) for a complainant receiving the measure of his material loss, with complete disregard for his anguish. Aug 17 2004, 14:00 (GT) == Removed Links == I removed the following two links from the entry. * on Justice [http://www.geocities.com/ghitis.geo/JUSTICE.html] * I am justice [http://iamjustice.blogspot.com] \ One of them is a blog[amend], and the other is the short essay above with no qualifications listed. Given that none of these seem to be particularly authoritative or helpful discussions of justice, I thought they were inappropriately in the article. --User:Kzollman 01:57, May 3, 2005 (UTC)
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
J
JA | JB | JC | JD | JE | JF | JG | JH | JI | JK | JL | JM | JN | JO | JP | JR | JS | JT | JU | JW | JX | JY | JZ |Words begining with Justice:
Justice
Justice
Justice
Justice,_IL
Justice,_Illinois
Justice,_Inc.
Justice,_OK
Justice,_Oklahoma
Justice?
JusticeGuy
JusticeIsServed/Evidence
Justices
Justices_of_the_Peace
Justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_Canada
Justice_(Armenia)
Justice_(comics)
Justice_(disambiguation)
Justice_(Guilty_Gear)
Justice_(Guilty_Gear)
Justice_(movie)
Justice_(Star_Trek)
Justice_(Tarot_card)
Justice_(TNG_episode)
Justice_(virtue)
Justice_A.S._Anand
Justice_and_Development_Party
Justice_and_Development_Party_(Morocco)
Justice_and_Development_Party_(Morroco)
Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)
Justice_and_Equality_Movement
Justice_and_Home_Affairs
Justice_and_Truth
Justice_as_Fairness
Justice_at_the_Gate
Justice_Baldwin
Justice_Barbour
Justice_Black
Justice_Blackmun
Justice_Blair
Justice_Blatchford
Justice_Bokhary
Justice_bomb
Justice_Brandeis
Justice_Brennan
Justice_Brennen
Justice_Breyer
Justice_Burger
Justice_Butler
Justice_Byrnes
Justice_Campbell
Justice_Cardozo
Justice_Case
Justice_case
Justice_Catron
Justice_Chase
Justice_Clifford
Justice_Commandos_against_Armenian_Genocide
Justice_Curtis
Justice_Cushing
Justice_Daniel
Justice_Day
Justice_deities
Justice_Department
Justice_Department_(Judge_Dredd)
Justice_De_Thezier
Justice_De_Thézier
Justice_Douglas
Justice_Duval
Justice_Ellsworth
Justice_Fortas
Justice_Forum
Justice_Frankfurter
Justice_Gauken
Justice_Ginsburg
Justice_goddesses
Justice_gods
Justice_Goldberg
Justice_Gray
Justice_Grier
Justice_Harlan
Justice_Holmes
Justice_Inc.
Justice_in_Eyre
Justice_in_France
Justice_Iredell
Justice_is_Needed
Justice_is_Needed
Justice_Jackson
Justice_Jay
Justice_Johnson
Justice_John_Paul_Stevens
Justice_K
Justice_K
Justice_Kennedy
Justice_L'Heureux-Dubé
Justice_Lamar
Justice_League
Justice_League
Justice_Leagues
Justice_League_(animated_series)
Justice_League_(animated_series)
Justice_League_Adventures
Justice_League_America
Justice_League_Animated
Justice_league_animated
Justice_League_animated_series
Justice_League_Antarctica
Justice_League_Elite
Justice_League_Europe
Justice_League_International
Justice_League_members
Justice_League_of_America
Justice_League_Task_Force
Justice_League_Unlimited
Justice_League_Unlimited
Justice_League_Watchtower
Justice_Legion_Alpha
Justice_Leila_Seth
Justice_Livingston
Justice_M'LEAN
Justice_M'Lean
Justice_Mahavir_Singh
Justice_Marshall
Justice_McKenna
Justice_McKinley
Justice_McLean
Justice_McReynolds
Justice_Minister
Justice_minister
Justice_Minister_of_France
Justice_Minister_of_Germany
Justice_Minton
Justice_Moore
Justice_M’LEAN
Justice_M’Lean
Justice_Nelson
Justice_Noel_Power
Justice_O'Connor
Justice_of_Peace
Justice_of_The_Peace
Justice_of_the_Peace
Justice_of_the_Peace
Justice_of_the_peace
Justice_of_the_Rus
Justice_Party_(Azerbaijan)
Justice_Party_(Kosovo)
Justice_Party_-_the_Socialists
Justice_Party_of_Denmark
Justice_Paterson
Justice_Peckham
Justice_Pitney
Justice_Powell
Justice_Prisoner_and_Alien_Transportation_System
Justice_Randerson
Justice_Reed
Justice_Rehnquist
Justice_Research_Association
Justice_Rutledge
Justice_Scalia
Justice_Shiras
Justice_Society
Justice_Society_members
Justice_Society_of_America
Justice_Society_of_America
Justice_Souter
Justice_Stevens
Justice_Stewart
Justice_Stone
Justice_Story
Justice_Strauss
Justice_Sunday
Justice_Sunday
Justice_Sutherland
Justice_Taft
Justice_Taney
Justice_Thomas
Justice_thomas
Justice_Thompson
Justice_Trial
Justice_trial
Justice_Trimble
Justice_Union
Justice_Van_Devanter
Justice_Vinson
Justice_VR_Krishna_Iyer
Justice_Waite
Justice_Warren
Justice_Washington
Justice_White
Justice_Whittaker
Justice_William_Douglas
Justice_Wilson
Justice_Woodbury
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