Jupiter

:''This article refers to Jupiter, the planet. For other uses, see Jupiter (disambiguation).'' {| border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" width=280px |+Jupiter |- | bgcolor="#000000" align="center" colspan="2" |
Click image for description |- ! bgcolor="#c0ffff" colspan="2" | Orbital characteristics (Epoch (astronomy) J2000) |- ! align="left" | Semi-major axis | 1 E11 m kilometre
5.203 363 01 Astronomical unit |- ! align="left" | Orbital circumference | 4.888 Terametre
32.675 AU |- ! align="left" | Eccentricity (orbit) | 0.048 392 66 |- ! align="left" | Perihelion | 740,742,598 km
4.951 558 43 AU |- ! align="left" | Aphelion | 816,081,455 km
5.455 167 59 AU |- ! align="left" | Orbital period | 1 E8 s
(11.87 Julian year) |- ! align="left" | Synodic period | 398.86 d |- ! align="left" | Avg. Orbital Speed | 13.050 km/s |- ! align="left" | Max. Orbital Speed | 13.705 km/s |- ! align="left" | Min. Orbital Speed | 12.440 km/s |- ! align="left" | Inclination | 1.305 30°
(6.09� to Sun's equator) |- ! align="left" | Longitude of the ascending node | 100.556 15° |- ! align="left" | Argument of the perihelion | 274.197 70° |- ! align="left" | Number of natural satellites | 63 |- ! bgcolor="#c0ffff" colspan="2" | Physical characteristics |- ! align="left" | Equatorial diameter | 1 E8 m [http://www.onasch.de/astro/showobject.php?lang=en&obj=p05]
(11.209 Earths) |- ! align="left" | geographical pole diameter | 133,709 km
(10.517 Earths) |- ! align="left" | Oblateness | 0.064 87 |- ! align="left" | Surface area | 1 E16 m� square kilometre
(120.5 Earths) |- ! align="left" | Volume | 1.338×10¹⁵ cubic kilometre
(1235.6 Earths) |- ! align="left" | Mass | 1 E27 kg kilogram
(317.8 Earths) |- ! align="left" | Mean density | 1.326 g/cm³ |- ! align="left" | Equatorial gravity | 23.12 Acceleration
(2.358 gee) |- ! align="left" | Escape velocity | 59.54 km/s |- ! align="left" | Rotation period | 0.413 538 021 d (9 h 55 min 29.685 s) [http://www.hnsky.org/iau-iag.htm ¹] |- ! align="left"| Rotation velocity | 12.6 km/s = 45,300 km/h
(at the equator) |- ! align="left" | Axial tilt | 3.13° |- ! align="left" | Right ascension
of North pole | 268.05� (17 h 52 min 12 s) |- ! align="left" | Declination | 64.49� |- ! align="left" | Albedo | 0.52 |- ! align="left" | Surface Temperature | {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" border="0" |- ! min !! mean !! max |- | 110 kelvin | 1 E2 K | N/A K |} |- ! bgcolor="#c0ffff" colspan="2" | celestial body's atmosphere characteristics |- ! align="left" | Atmospheric pressure | 70 Pascal |- | Hydrogen | ~86% |- | Helium | ~14% |- | Methane | 0.1% |- | Water vapor | 0.1% |- | Ammonia | 0.02% |- | Ethane | 0.0002% |- | Phosphine | 0.0001% |- | Hydrogen sulfide | <0.00010% |} Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and by far the Solar system by size within our solar system; some have described the solar system as consisting of the Sun, Jupiter, and assorted debris. It and the other gas giants Saturn (planet), Uranus (planet), and Neptune (planet) are sometimes referred to as "Jovian planets." The Ancient Rome named the planet after the Roman mythology Jupiter (god) (also called Jove). The astronomical symbol for the planet is a stylized representation of the god's lightning bolt (Unicode: ♃). The China, Korea, and Japanese cultures refer to the planet as the ''Wood Star'', based on the Five Elements. On 16 June, 2005, the Moon passed between Jupiter and the Earth in such a way that Jupiter was able to be seen, just below the Moon, from parts of the Southern Hemisphere. ==Overview== Jupiter is 2.5 times more massive than all the other planets combined, so massive that its barycenter with the Sun actually lies above the Sun's surface (1.068 solar radii from the Sun's center). It is 318 times more massive than Earth, with a diameter 11 times that of Earth, and with a volume 1300 times that of Earth. It has been termed by many a "failed star", even though the comparison would be akin to calling an asteroid "a failed Earth". As impressive as it is, extrasolar planets have been discovered with much greater masses. However, it is thought to have about as large a diameter as a planet of its composition can, as adding extra mass would only result in further gravitational compression (until ignition occurs). There is no clear-cut definition of what distinguishes a large and massive planet such as Jupiter from a brown dwarf, although the latter possesses rather specific spectral lines, but in any case it would need to be about seventy times as massive if it were to become a star. Jupiter also has the fastest rotation rate of any planet within the solar system, resulting in a flattening easily seen through a telescope. Its best known feature is probably the Great Red Spot, a storm larger than Earth. The planet is perpetually covered with a layer of clouds. Jupiter is usually the fourth brightest object in the sky (after the Sun, the Moon and Venus (planet); however at times Mars (planet) appears brighter than Jupiter, while at others Jupiter appears brighter than Venus). It has been known since ancient times. Galileo Galilei's discovery, in 1610, of Jupiter's four large natural satellite Io (moon), Europa (moon), Ganymede (moon) and Callisto (moon) (now known as the Galilean moons) was the first discovery of a celestial motion not apparently centered on the Earth. It was a major point in favor of Copernicus' heliocentric theory of the motions of the planets; Galileo's outspoken support of the Copernican theory got him in trouble with the Inquisition. ==Appearance== {| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" ! Stationary, retrorad || Opposition|| Stationary, prograd|| Conjunction to sun |- | January 4th, 2004 || March 4th, 2004 || May 5th, 2004 || September 21st, 2004 |- | February 2nd, 2005 || April 3rd, 2005 || June 5th, 2005 || October 23th, 2005 |- | March 5th, 2006 || May 4th, 2006 || July 6th, 2006 || November 21st, 2006 |- | April 6th, 2007 || June 5th, 2007 || August 7th, 2007 || December 23th, 2007 |- | May 9th, 2008 || Jule 9th, 2008 || September 8th, 2008 || January 24th, 2009 |- | June 15th, 2009 || August 14th, 2009 || October 13th, 2009 || February 28th, 2010 |- | Jule 24th, 2010 || September 21st, 2010 || November 19th, 2010 || April 6th, 2011 |} ==Physical characteristics== ===Planetary composition=== Jupiter is composed of a relatively small Rock (geology)y core, surrounded by metallic hydrogen, surrounded by phase (matter) hydrogen, which is surrounded by gaseous hydrogen. There is no clear boundary or surface between these different phases of hydrogen; the conditions blend smoothly from gas to liquid as one descends. ===Atmosphere=== [[Image:Jupiter from Voyager 1.jpg|thumb|left|Detail of Jupiter's atmosphere, as imaged by ''Voyager 1''.]] Jupiter's atmosphere is composed of ~81% hydrogen and ~18% helium by number of atoms. The atmosphere is ~75%/24% by mass; with ~1% of the mass accounted for by other substances - the interior contains denser materials such that the distribution is ~71%/24%/5%. The atmosphere contains trace amounts of methane, water vapour, ammonia, and "rock". There are also negligible amounts of carbon, ethane, hydrogen sulfide, neon, oxygen, phosphine, and sulfur. The outermost layer of the atmosphere contains crystals of frozen ammonia. This atmospheric composition is very close to the composition of the solar nebula. Saturn (planet) has a similar composition, but Uranus (planet) and Neptune (planet) have much less hydrogen and helium. Jupiter's upper atmosphere undergoes differential rotation, an effect first noticed by Giovanni Domenico Cassini (1690). The rotation of Jupiter's polar region atmosphere is ~5 minutes longer than that of the equator atmosphere. In addition, bands of clouds of different latitudes flow in opposing directions on the prevailing winds. The interactions of these conflicting circulation patterns cause storms and turbulence. Wind speeds of 600 km/h are not uncommon. A particularly violent storm, about three times Earth's diameter, is known as the Great Red Spot. The only spacecraft to have descended into Jupiter's atmosphere is the ''Galileo spacecraft'' probe - see below. See also: Cloud pattern on Jupiter ===Planetary rings=== Jupiter has a faint planetary ring system composed of smoke-like dust particles knocked from its moons by meteor impacts. The main ring is made of dust from the satellites Adrastea and Metis. Two wide gossamer rings encircle the main ring, originating from Thebe and Amalthea. There is also an extremely tenuous and distant outer ring that circles Jupiter backwards. Its origin is uncertain, but this outer ring might be made of captured interplanetary dust. See also: Rings of Jupiter. ===Magnetosphere=== Jupiter has a very large and powerful magnetosphere. In fact, if you could see Jupiter's magnetic field from Earth, it would appear five times as large as the full moon in the sky despite being so much farther away. This magnetic field collects a large flux of particle radiation in Jupiter's radiation belts, as well as producing a dramatic gas torus and flux tube associated with Io. Jupiter's magnetosphere is the largest structure in the solar system. The ''Pioneer'' probes confirmed the existence that Jupiter's enormous magnetic field is 10 times stronger than Earth's and contains 20,000 times as much energy. The sensitive instruments aboard found that the Jovian magnetic field's "north" magnetic pole is at the planet’s geographic south pole, with the axis of the magnetic field tilted 11 degrees from the Jovian rotation axis and offset from the center of Jupiter in a manner similar to the axis of the Earth's field. The ''Pioneers'' measured the bow shock of the Jovian magnetosphere to the width of 26 million kilometres (16 million miles), with the magnetic tail extending beyond Saturn’s orbit. The data showed that the magnetic field fluctuates rapidly in size on the sunward side of Jupiter because of pressure variations in the solar wind, an effect studied in further detail by the two ''Voyager'' spacecraft. It was also discovered that streams of high-energy atomic particles are ejected from the Jovian magnetosphere and travel as far as the orbit of the Earth. Energetic protons were found and measured in the Jovian radiation belt and Current (electricity) were detected flowing between Jupiter and some of its moons, particularly Io. == Exploration of Jupiter == Jupiter has been known of since ancient times and is visible to the naked eye in the night sky. In 1610, Galileo Galilei discovered the four largest moons of Jupiter using a telescope, the first observation of moons other than Earth's. A number of probes have visited Jupiter. ===Pioneer flyby missions=== ''Pioneer 10'' flew past Jupiter in December of 1973, followed by ''Pioneer 11'' exactly one year later. They provided important new data about Jupiter's magnetosphere, and took some low resolution photographs of the planet. ===Voyager flyby missions=== ''Voyager 1'' flew by in March 1979 followed by ''Voyager 2'' in July of the same year. The ''Voyagers'' vastly improved our understanding of the Galilean moons and discovered Jupiter's rings. They also took the first close up images of the planet's atmosphere. ===Ulysses flyby mission=== In February 1992, ''Ulysses probe'' solar probe performed a flyby of Jupiter at a distance of 900,000 km (6.3 Jovian radii). The flyby was required to attain a polar orbit around the Sun. The probe conducted studies on Jupiter's magnetosphere. Since there are no cameras onboard the probe, no images were taken. In February 2004, the probe came again in the vicinity of Jupiter. This time distance was much greater, about 240 million km. ===Galileo mission=== Cassini-Huygens._This_is_the_most_detailed_global_color_portrait_of_Jupiter_ever_assembled.">Image:PIA04866_modest.jpg|thumb|right|Jupiter as seen by the space probe Cassini-Huygens. This is the most detailed global color portrait of Jupiter ever assembled. So far the only spacecraft to orbit Jupiter is the ''Galileo spacecraft'' orbiter, which went into orbit around Jupiter in December 7, 1995. It orbited the planet for over seven years and conducted multiple flybys of all of the Galilean moons and Amalthea (moon). The spacecraft also witnessed the impact of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 into Jupiter as it approached the planet in 1994, giving a unique vantage point for this spectacular event. However, the information gained about the Jovian system from the ''Galileo'' mission was limited by the failed deployment of its high-gain radio transmitting antenna. An atmospheric probe was released from the spacecraft in July, 1995. The probe entered the planet's atmosphere in December 7, 1995. It parachuted through 150 km of the atmosphere, collecting data for 58 minutes, before being crushed by the extreme pressure to which it was subjected. It would have then quickly melted and vaporized. The ''Galileo'' orbiter itself underwent a more rapid version of the same fate when it was deliberately crashed into the planet on September 21, 2003 at a speed of over 50 km/s, in order to avoid any possibility of it crashing into and possibly contaminating Europa (moon), one of the Jovian moons. ===Cassini flyby mission=== In 2000, the ''Cassini-Huygens'' probe, ''en route'' to Saturn (planet), flew by Jupiter and provided some of the highest-resolution images ever made of the planet. ===Future probes=== NASA is planning a mission to study Jupiter in detail from a polar orbit. Named ''Juno (spacecraft)'', the spacecraft is planned to launch by 2010. After the discovery of a liquid ocean on Jupiter's moon Europa (moon), there has been great interest to study the icy moons in detail. A mission proposed by NASA was dedicated to study them. The Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter) was expected to be launched sometime after 2012. However, the mission was deemed too ambitious and its funding was cancelled. In 2007, Jupiter will also be briefly visited by the ''New Horizons'' probe, ''en route'' to Pluto (planet). == Jupiter's moons == [[Image:Jupiter.moons1.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Jupiter's 4 Galilean moons, in a composite image comparing their sizes and the size of Jupiter (Great Red Spot visible). From the top they are: Callisto (moon), Ganymede (moon), Europa (moon) and Io (moon).]] Jupiter has at least 63 moons. For a complete listing of these moons, please see Jupiter's natural satellites. For a timeline of their discovery dates, see Timeline of natural satellites. The four large moons, known as the "Galilean moons", are Io_(moon), Europa_(moon), Ganymede_(moon) and Callisto_(moon). === Galilean moons === The orbits of Io, Europa, and Ganymede, the largest moon in the solar system, form a pattern known as a Laplace resonance; for every four orbits that Io makes around Jupiter, Europa makes exactly two orbits and Ganymede makes exactly one. This resonance causes the gravity effects of the three moons to distort their orbits into elliptical shapes, since each moon receives an extra tug from its neighbors at the same point in every orbit it makes. Without this resonance, tidal forces would tend to circularize the moons' orbits over time. Hubble_Space_Telescope._The_black_spot_is_Io's_shadow.">image:JupiterandIo.jpg|thumb|250px|left|A picture of Jupiter and its moon Io taken by Hubble Space Telescope. The black spot is Io's shadow. The tidal force from Jupiter, on the other hand, works to circularize their orbits. This constant tug of war causes regular flexing of the three moons' shapes, Jupiter's gravity stretching the moons more strongly during the portion of their orbits that are closest to it and allowing them to spring back to more spherical shapes when they're farther away. This flexing causes tidal heating of the three moons' cores. This is seen most dramatically in Io's extraordinary volcanic activity, and to a somewhat less dramatic extent in the geologically young surface of Europa indicating recent resurfacing. === Classification of Jupiter's moons === It used to be thought that Jupiter's moons were arranged neatly into four groups of four, but recent discoveries of many new small outer moons have complicated the division; there are now thought to be six main groups, although some are more distinct than others. #The inner group of four small moons all have diameters of less than 200 km, orbit at radii less than 200,000 km, and have orbital inclinations of less than half a degree. #The four Galilean moons were all discovered by Galileo Galilei, orbit between 400,000 and 2,000,000 km, and include some of the largest moons in the solar system. #Themisto (moon) is in a group of its own, orbiting halfway between the Galilean moons and the next group. #The Himalia group is a tightly clustered group of moons with orbits around 11-12,000,000 km from Jupiter. #Carpo (moon) is another isolated case; at the inner edge of the Ananke group, it revolves in the direct sense. #The Ananke group is a group with rather indistinct borders, averaging 21,276,000 km from Jupiter with an average inclination of 149 degrees. #The Carme group is a fairly distinct group that averages 23,404,000 km from Jupiter with an average inclination of 165 degrees. #The Pasipha� group is a disperse and only vaguely distinct group that covers all the outermost moons. It is thought that the groups of smaller moons may each have a common origin, perhaps as a larger moon or captured body that broke up into the existing moons of each group. == Cometary impact == [[Image:Jupitersatelliteimpact.jpg|right|thumb|Comet impacts on the surface of Jupiter. The dark clouds resulting from these impacts are larger than Earth itself.]] During the period July 16 to July 22, 1994, over twenty fragments from the comet comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 hit Jupiter's southern hemisphere, providing the first direct observation of a collision between two solar system objects. It is thought that due to Jupiter's large mass and location near the inner solar system it receives the most frequent comet impacts of the solar system's planets. ==Jupiter in fiction and film== * Jupiter is the setting of Stanley Kubrick's classic film ''2001: A Space Odyssey'' (1968), although the novel of the same name by Sir Arthur C. Clarke is set in the Saturnian system instead. In both the book and the film of the sequel, ''2010: Odyssey Two'' (1984), fictional technology converts Jupiter into a star by increasing the density of its core. * Both Arthur C. Clarke's novella ''A Meeting with Medusa'' (1988) and his novel ''2010'' depict journeys into the depths of Jupiter's atmosphere, where vast, city-sized floating life-forms have evolved. * Ben Bova's novel ''Jupiter'' (2001) also features a journey into Jupiter's clouds and the discovery of life there. * In the ''Star Trek'' universe, Jupiter is home to Jupiter Station. * The role-playing game ''Jovian Chronicles'' features a solar nation, the Jovian Confederacy, in a series of space colony cylinders called "Gray Viarium" colonies around Jupiter. * The novels of Kim Stanley Robinson, including ''The Memory of Whiteness'', ''Green Mars'' and ''Blue Mars'' depict numerous ideas about the future colonization of Jupiter, although they focus more on the moons than on the planet itself. * The plot of the anime Martian Successor Nadesico revolves around a mysterious invasion force based on Jupiter, named the "Jovian Lizards", or simply the "Jovians", and the attempts of the earth's forces, and specifically the ship ''Nadesico'', to subdue this invasion. * Jupiter is an important location in The Night's Dawn Trilogy by Peter F. Hamilton. This is where the first Bitek habitat was germinated and Edenism began. * In Piers Anthony's ''Bio of A Space Tyrant'' series, Jupiter is rendered into an analogue of North America. The moons are the Caribbean (and possibly Central America as well), Jupiter itself is inhabited by floating cities in its atmosphere to represent the United States, and the Red Spot represents Mexico. * In the anime Gunbuster, Jupiter is used to create the ''Black Hole Bomb'', a massive weapon larger than a small planet, and capable of destroying part of a galaxy. * The Playstation 2 video game Zone of the Enders takes place in a colony orbiting Jupiter. Zone of the Enders: The 2nd Runner begins on the moon Callisto. == Jupiter in astrology == ==See also== *Ephemeris of Jupiter ==External links== *[http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/jupiterfact.html NASA's Jupiter fact sheet] *[http://www.vias.org/spacetrip/jupiter_1.html A Trip Into Space] Data and photos on Jupiter *[http://pages.preferred.com/%7Etedstryk/innersat.html Jupiter's Inner Moons] ==References== * Bagenal, F. & Dowling, T. E. & McKinnon, W. B. (Eds.). (2004). ''Jupiter: The planet, satellites, and magnetosphere''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ''(moon navigator) |'' Jupiter ''| Metis (moon) | ...'' Jupiter bn:জুপিটার ga:I�patar (pl�in�ad) la:Iuppiter (planeta) ms:Musytari simple:Jupiter (planet) ta:வியாழன் (கோள்) th:ดาวพฤหัสบดี vi:Mộc Tinh

Jupiter

==Classification of Jupiter's moons== The section with the above title is out of date as it doesn't refer to the many new moons discovered in the last ten years. I'm not sure if the simple division of four groups is still tenable. Someone who knows a bit more about the subject should check this section and correct it. User:The Singing Badger 21:25, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC) ==Extra paramaters== I think we should add two more parameters to the standardized table of data under "Orbital Data." In order to nail down planets' orbits in space completely, we need the perigee right ascension, and the ascending node right ascension. Then, the data can be used to obtain the EXACT orbit to within known precision in 3D space. This could be useful in generating 3D solar system simulations, or detailed starmaps. Where do I go to present this idea? User:Edsanville 23:14, 22 Aug 2004 (UTC) :The article orbit explains about those missing parametres (argument of periapsis and longitude of the ascending node). They've also been left out of the asteroid entries, mostly because they don't mean much to the casual reader. If we were to put them in, we'd need to do that with the moons too, which is a pain to look up. Personally, I think we'd also need to give the celestial coordinates of each planet's pole --but where can one find these data? :User:Urhixidur 03:55, 2004 Aug 23 (UTC) ::I personally think it would be nice to include all of these data, even for the moons. I know it probably doesn't mean much to the average visitor, but this should be a comprehensive encyclopedia, in my opinion. I actually came here to find enough data to plot the orbits of all the planets and their moons in 3d using OpenGL. Most books don't include this information, but some do. I always preferred the books that gave me all the data, instead of hiding some because the authors assumed I wouldn't be interested... Anyways, I'm sure I can find the data for the planets and moons. I'd love to put them on here as long as there's a consensus about it. ::User:Edsanville 19:19, 23 Aug 2004 (UTC) :::If you do wind up adding that information, please stop by Wikipedia:WikiProject Astronomical Objects and update to make everything nice and consistent. :) User:Bryan Derksen 00:11, 24 Aug 2004 (UTC) I Just Read Thats Its Now 62 Satellites, But Only 28 Of Those Are Over 1000 KM In Diameter, And 12 Of Those Have Yet To Be Named! 39! Saterlites!? Is that correct. :Check the paragraph right before the table listing Jupiter moons; a whole bunch of tiny moons only a kilometer or two in diameter were recently discovered. BTW, sorry I overwrote your 16 moon entry without comment, I was filling out the whole table at the time and ran into an edit conflict. Didn't know you'd put that in there until after I'd already nuked it. :Anyway, I guess a case can be made for either 16 or 39. There has to be a size cutoff at some point, otherwise Jupiter's ring particles would count as moons and that would just be silly. But since the new tiny moons have been classified as moons as far as I'm aware, 39 seems appropriate to me. User:Bryan Derksen 18:17 Sep 22, 2002 (UTC) :Well I suppose anything that is scientifilcy agreed on as a satelite shoudl be added. - fonzy == huh? == The following line doesn't seem to make any sense: It has been known since prehistoric times. How is it possible to know what humans knew before recorded history? If they didn't write it down, it's not there for us to read! :As far back as historical records go, Jupiter has been recorded as being known. Therefore, it makes sense that it msut have been known before records began. == Switched category == I switched the category from Jupiter back to Planets. This is one of those confusing thing about the way categories are supposed to work. The idea is, Jupiter is a planet; Jupiter is not a Jupiter. See Wikipedia talk:Categorization for details. User:Quadell User_talk:Quadell 00:42, Jun 6, 2004 (UTC) :Actually, Wikipedia_talk:Categorization#Articles_that_have_their_own_categories seems to suggest that Jupiter really should belong to the category Jupiter. "Category:Jupiter" doesn't mean "these things are all Jupiters", if it did then it would be silly to have the Great Red Spot or Jupiter's moons categorized under there (and now that I think of it, in that case the ''only'' thing that would fit in that category would be Jupiter itself). What it means is "these things are on the subject of Jupiter, or closely related to Jupiter." (edit: Oh, and I should also point out that "Planets" is not a subcategory of "Solar system", so you can no longer get to Jupiter by following the Solar system heirarchy). User:Bryan Derksen 00:52, 6 Jun 2004 (UTC) :That's because planets are not solar systems. Categories should be plural, e.g. ''places'' on Jupiter, ''things'' relating to Jupiter, etc. Check out Wikipedia_talk:Categorization#More_sophisticated_relations. Here I quote GUllman: ::''We have to think from the encyclopedia user's point of view. He/she is starting at the top level of the hierarchy with a subject in mind, and they need to know which blind path to go down to find an article on that subject. It might help to think of the problem as a game of twenty questions. The first question we may ask is, "Is your subject a Category:Persons, Category:Places, or Category:Things?" If they choose Category:Persons, then ALL the articles from then on should be about persons. Why? Because we may someday be able to click a link to collapse the hierarchy, and display all the articles below that level in one alphabetical order. If they wanted to know about Stephen King's books, they might choose Category:Things, and have a choice of Category:Animals, Category:Vegetables, Category:Minerals, Category:Ideas, etc., and go down one of those paths. My point is, Categories link only as a hierarchy; Wikipedia articles link as a network to every related article.'' :Since categories are new, there's a lot of misunderstanding about them. Hopefully this will iron itself out soon. User:Quadell User_talk:Quadell 03:38, Jun 6, 2004 (UTC) ::There are a lot of non-plural categories out there yet, however; :Category:Medicine, :Category:Biology, :Category:Law, etc. In those cases the "Topics relating to -" prefix is implied, IMO. So :Category:Jupiter is "Topics relating to Jupiter" and :Category:Solar system is "Topics relating to the Solar system." It's too early yet to be making dogmatic statements about all categories, I think. User:Bryan Derksen 05:16, 6 Jun 2004 (UTC) :::I agree with Bryan --- one person's opinion on the Categorization talk page does not make a consensus. We had discussed a sensible ontology on Category Talk:Solar system and came up with a plan. If you'd like to re-open the discussion for Solar system categorization, we can do that, but I don't yet accept a pan-Wikipedia standardization argument. --- User:Hike395 06:42, 6 Jun 2004 (UTC) ::::I brought an expanded version of my thoughts up at the section of talk:Categorization linked above, suggesting that I thought the "Wikipedia way" should be to sit back and watch how categories get used for a while before trying to come up with standards about how they ''should'' be used. That'd probably be the best talk: page to go to for general discussion of these matters. User:Bryan Derksen 06:55, 6 Jun 2004 (UTC) :::Later: As an external data point, Looksmart [http://search.looksmart.com/p/browse/us1/us317914/us77590/us264763/us169437/us10214805/] thinks that each planet deserves its own category underneath a solar system category. -- User:Hike395 :::::Category:Earth is going to be a doozy. :) User:Bryan Derksen 06:55, 6 Jun 2004 (UTC) :::::Not really, just make it be the same as :Category:Earth Sciences, and put all of :Category:Geology,:Category:Geography,:Category:Biology underneath it, and presto! :-) -- User:Hike395 07:14, 6 Jun 2004 (UTC) :Hm. Looks like this question of the nature of categorization has not yet been resolved. As I understand it, and I could be wrong, Wikipedia will soon implement a feature where you can see a category, and see everything under it at any level, in a tree structure similar to a directory structure. John Lennon is a member of people because Lennon is a member of British Musicians, is a member of Musicians, is a member of people. Jupiter's red spot is not a member of Planets, so it shouldn't be under any category that's under the category Planets. :So if I'm right about this, a user would say "I wonder what all interesting things are in the solar system," and would look in the category "Objects in the Solar System" or somesuch. Instead of having articles on Halley's comet and the Sun and Venus all together, they would be grouped in sub-cats. So the cat "objects in the Solar System" would have in it cat:Planets (which would include the article on Jupiter), cat:comets, cat:asteroids, and articles that don't belong in subcats (such as the Sun article.) If there was a category "Things relating to Jupiter" or "Places on Jupiter" (containing the article on the Red Spot), it wouldn't be related. If it were related, you would see the article Red Spot as a Planet. :I don't know if this is how categories will end up being used or not, but it's how I understand they were envisioned. User:Quadell User_talk:Quadell 13:41, Jun 8, 2004 (UTC) :P.S. It would seem to make the most sense to me for the article Jupiter to include "see also: :Category:Jupiter", but be itself in :Category:Planets. Just my 2 cents. ::I'm now leaning towards splitting the difference and having this article be both in category Jupiter and category Planets. The former because this article is about Jupiter, and the latter because the subject of this article is a planet. I removed the category Jupiter as a sub-category of Planets, since most of the articles below the Jupiter category are not actually planets. Basically, my interpretation of categories is headed in the direction of "categories with pluralized names are generally 'list of', whereas categories with singular names are generally 'articles about'." Not sure how commplace that interpretation is, though, so I'm holding off on any large-scale reorganizations of these articles yet. User:Bryan Derksen 01:24, 10 Jun 2004 (UTC) ==PD info== I've taken some info from NASA's text at [http://vesuvius.jsc.nasa.gov/er/seh/jupiter.html http://vesuvius.jsc.nasa.gov/er/seh/jupiter.html] --User:GeneralPatton 23:58, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC) ==Attribution of "Sun, Jupiter, and debris"== If we can identify the source of this remark, we should properly attribute it. I recall this quote coming from either Asimov or Clarke. I read it in a book by one of them, quoting the other. [http://www.physics.northwestern.edu/classes/2004Spring/Phyx103/jupiter.html This page] attributes it to Asimov, though I have no idea how reliable that is. --User:P3d0 17:54, 15 Aug 2004 (UTC) == Tidal force and orbit circularity of the moons == The article says that: : The tidal force from Jupiter, on the other hand, works to circularize their orbits. Its not clear to me why this should be so, and the explanation in the article doesn't help me. :Here's an explanation by Henry Spencer: [http://yarchive.net/space/orbits/tidal_circularize.html]. He assumes the moons are tidally locked. As I understant it, the crux of the argument is that the moons rotate at a constant rate, but in an elliptical orbit, they don't revolve at a constant rate. At periapsis, where the moon is moving the fastest, the tidal bulge nearest the planet leads the moon's center of mass in orbit, so the planet's pull on that bulge will have a tiny retrograde component that tends to slow the moon down. When you slow down a moon at periapsis, the effect is to lower the apoapsis. Eventually the periapsis and apoapsis are equal, and you have a circular orbit. --User:P3d0 16:33, Apr 27, 2005 (UTC) == Jupiter in astrology? == I'm not sure if that should stay. As it currently stands, it is unsubstantiated. According to *which* astromancic tradition? Quote some sources (before 20th century, at least), otherwise it's gonna go... User:Urhixidur 04:37, 2005 Jan 10 (UTC) == Atmosphere and counting atoms == The atmosphere section reads in part � Jupiter's atmosphere is composed of ~86% hydrogen and ~14% helium by number of atoms �. Sources? By number of molecules, that translates to ~75% H₂ and 25% He. And by mass we would have ~61-67% H and 39-33% He (depending on the isotopic ratio between He-3 and He-4). The figures in the next sentence do not match. User:Urhixidur 00:09, 2005 Mar 11 (UTC) == disambig? == I would think that Jupiter is a pretty clear case where the dominant usage is Jupiter (planet) and all other usages at the disambiguation page, Jupiter, are less common. Hence, by convention shouldn't Jupiter point here and a link for other uses by placed at the top of this page? I.e. Wikipedia:Disambiguation#Types of disambiguation #3? For another example see Mars. I can understand conflicts between Mercury (element) and Mercury (planet), but Jupiter (god) or any of the other terms can't be as influential as the planet itself. This comment probably also applies to Uranus and Pluto. User:Dragons flight 23:08, Mar 26, 2005 (UTC) ...and rest of the planets as well, especially with Saturn. --User:Jyril 00:10, Mar 27, 2005 (UTC) I agree, for all planets. I think that a vast majority of the people who look up the names of any of the planets are looking for the planet and not any of the other articles of that same name. They should all go the planet's article and link to the disambiguation page. User:GamblinMonkey 03:48, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC) :I, for one, think "Mercury" is equally likely to be the element. --User:P3d0 16:19, Apr 27, 2005 (UTC) Jupiter is now listed on Wikipedia:Requested_moves#May_19.2C_2005. I think whatever happens here would set a precedent for every planet with the exception of Mercury. Incidentally, does anyone know why it needs to be listed there? Isn't this a straightfoward move that we could do without administrator intervention? --User:P3d0 23:36, May 19, 2005 (UTC) :I agree with the planet being at Jupiter, and with the comments above. Several of the other planets' disambiguation pages should probably be changed as well. It needs administrator intervention because Jupiter has a history. Non-administrators can only move pages if the target either doesn't exist, or is a redirect to the former location, without any history (e.g., created earlier by the reverse page move). — User:Knowledge Seeker User talk:Knowledge Seeker 04:52, 21 May 2005 (UTC) ::How about this: ::# Move ''Jupiter'' to ''Jupiter (disambiguation)'' ::# Delete automatically-generated redirect at ''Jupiter'' ::# Move ''Jupiter (planet)'' to ''Jupiter'' ::I think this would preserve all histories. --User:P3d0 19:29, May 23, 2005 (UTC) :::Yes, should the page move achieve consensus, that is how the move would be done. However, an administrator is needed to delete the redirect; non-administrators do not have the ability to delete articles (including redirects). — User:Knowledge Seeker User talk:Knowledge Seeker 19:43, 23 May 2005 (UTC) :::Incidentally, I took the liberty of editing your comment, P3d0—hope you don't mind. — User:Knowledge Seeker User talk:Knowledge Seeker 20:19, 23 May 2005 (UTC) :I disagree with the proposed move. The non-planet uses of "Jupiter", taken together, are less significant than the non-planet uses of "Mercury", but still significant enough that Jupiter should be the dab page. User:JamesMLane 09:48, 23 May 2005 (UTC) :Weak support - I think this is only just acceptable a case for primary disambiguation. User:Violetriga User_talk:violetriga 16:53, 24 May 2005 (UTC) User:Violetriga User_talk:violetriga 16:53, 24 May 2005 (UTC) ==intro pic== The full disc image of the planet at the top of the page is a bit ....well.....sucky. The vidicon tubes of the 70's are simply not capable of showing the atmosphere in all its majetsy. I think this [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ac/PIA04866_modest.jpg] image from cassini's ccd is jaw droppingly good ....but it's not a full disc. What do we think? Leave image as is, or replace?--User:Deglr6328 05:57, 28 Mar 2005 (UTC) == Barycenter == I've never been thrilled with this statement: :Jupiter is ... so massive that its barycenter with the Sun actually lies above the Sun's surface The distance of the barycenter is proportional to mass times distance, so it would be equally valid to say that Jupiter is so ''distant'' that its barycenter is above the Sun's surface. In other words, the barycenter's position is not the least bit significant in getting a feel for a planet's impact on the Sun. For instance, Mercury's barycenter would also be above the Sun's surface if Mercury were in the Oort cloud. --User:P3d0 16:17, Apr 27, 2005 (UTC)

Jupiter

Sol System planets

See other meanings of words starting from letter:

J

JA | JB | JC | JD | JE | JF | JG | JH | JI | JK | JL | JM | JN | JO | JP | JR | JS | JT | JU | JW | JX | JY | JZ |

Words begining with Jupiter:

Jupiter
Jupiter
Jupiter
Jupiter's
Jupiter's_moons
Jupiter's_moons
Jupiter's_natural_satelites
Jupiter's_natural_satellites
Jupiter's_natural_satellites
Jupiter's_rings
Jupiter's_satelites
Jupiter's_satellites
Jupiter(planet)
Jupiter,_FL
Jupiter,_Florida
Jupiter,_Romania
Jupiter-Avia
Jupiter-C
Jupiter-crosser_asteroid
Jupiter-crossing_asteroid
Jupiter-C_(rocket)
Jupiter-C_IRBM
Jupitermedia_Corporation
Jupiter_&_Lake_Worth_Railroad
Jupiter_&_Lake_Worth_Railway
Jupiter_(disambiguation)
Jupiter_(disambiguation)
Jupiter_(FL)
Jupiter_(god)
Jupiter_(god)
Jupiter_(mythology)
Jupiter_(planet)
Jupiter_(planet)
Jupiter_(planet)_for_Bea
Jupiter_(rocket)
Jupiter_ACE
Jupiter_Ace
Jupiter_and_Lake_Worth_Railroad
Jupiter_and_Lake_Worth_Railway
Jupiter_Brain
Jupiter_Caelestis
Jupiter_Cantab
Jupiter_Footer
Jupiter_Footer
Jupiter_Footer
Jupiter_Fulgurator
Jupiter_Full_Footer
Jupiter_Hammerheads
Jupiter_Hammon
Jupiter_Icy_Moons_Orbiter
Jupiter_Inlet_Colony,_FL
Jupiter_Inlet_Colony,_Florida
Jupiter_IRBM
Jupiter_Island
Jupiter_Island,_FL
Jupiter_Island,_Florida
Jupiter_JVM
Jupiter_Latarius
Jupiter_Lucetius
Jupiter_Mining_Corporation
Jupiter_Mining_Corporation
Jupiter_missile
Jupiter_Moon
Jupiter_Optimus_Maximus
Jupiter_Pluvius
Jupiter_project
Jupiter_Station
Jupiter_Stator
Jupiter_Strad
Jupiter_Stradivarius
Jupiter_Summanus
Jupiter_Symphony
Jupiter_symphony
Jupiter_Terminalus
Jupiter_Terminus
Jupiter_Totans
Jupiter_Township,_Minnesota
Jupiter_Township,_MN
Jupiter_Trojans
Jupiter_Trojans_(Greek_camp)
Jupiter_Trojans_(Trojan_camp)
Jupiter_Victor